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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_________________________________
Form 10-K
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| | |
(Mark One) | |
☑ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the fiscal year ended | June 30, 2019 |
or |
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the transition period from to |
Commission file number 000-51539
_________________________________
Cimpress N.V.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
_________________________________
|
| | | |
The | Netherlands | | 98-0417483 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
Building D, Xerox Technology Park A91 H9N9,
Dundalk, Co. Louth
Ireland
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 353 42 938 8500
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: |
| | | | |
Title of Each Class | | Trading Symbol(s) | | Name of Exchange on Which Registered |
Ordinary Shares, par value of €0.01 | | CMPR | | NASDAQ Global Select Market |
______________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. |
| | | | | |
Large accelerated filer | þ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |
| | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | | |
| | Emerging growth company | ☐ | | |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes ☐ No þ
The aggregate market value of the ordinary shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $2.74 billion on December 31, 2018 (the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter) based on the last reported sale price of the registrant's ordinary shares on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.
As of August 5, 2019, there were 30,392,414 Cimpress N.V. ordinary shares outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The registrant intends to file a definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days of the end of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019. Portions of such proxy statement are incorporated by reference into Items 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
CIMPRESS N.V.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| | Page |
PART I | | |
Item 1. | Business | |
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | |
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | |
Item 2. | Properties | |
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | |
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosure | |
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PART II | | |
Item 5. | Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issued Purchases of Equity Securities | |
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | |
Item 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | |
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | |
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | |
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants and Financial Disclosures | |
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | |
Item 9B. | Other Information | |
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Part III | | |
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | |
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | |
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | |
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | |
Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | |
| | |
Part IV | | |
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | |
Item 16. | Summary | |
Signatures | |
PART I.
Item 1. Business
Overview & Strategy
Cimpress is a strategically focused group of more than a dozen businesses that specialize in mass customization, via which we deliver large volumes of individually small-sized customized orders for a broad spectrum of print, signage, photo merchandise, invitations and announcements, writing instruments, packaging, apparel and other categories. Mass customization is a core element of the business model of each Cimpress business. Stan Davis, in his 1987 strategy manifesto “Future Perfect” coined the term mass customization to describe “generating an infinite variety of goods and services, uniquely tailored to customers”. In 2001, Tseng & Jiao defined mass customization as “producing goods and services to meet individual customers’ needs with near mass production efficiency”. We discuss mass customization in more detail further below.
We have grown substantially over the past decade, from $0.5 billion of revenue in fiscal year 2009 to $2.8 billion of revenue in fiscal year 2019, and as we have grown we have achieved important benefits of scale. However, we also believe it is critical for us to “stay small as we get big”. By this we mean that we need to serve customers and act and compete with focus, nimbleness and speed that is typical of smaller, entrepreneurial firms but often not typical of larger firms. This is because we face intense competition across all our businesses and we must constantly and rapidly improve the value we deliver to customers. To stay small as we get big, our strategy calls for us to pursue a deeply decentralized organizational structure which delegates responsibility, authority and resources to the CEOs and managing directors of our various businesses.
Specifically, our strategy is to invest in and build customer-focused, entrepreneurial mass customization businesses for the long term, which we manage in a decentralized, autonomous manner. We drive competitive advantage across Cimpress through a select few shared strategic capabilities that have the greatest potential to create Cimpress-wide value. We limit all other central activities to only those which absolutely must be performed centrally.
This decentralized structure is beneficial in many ways. We believe that, in comparison to a more centralized structure, decentralization enables our businesses to be more customer focused, to make better decisions faster, to manage a holistic cross-functional value chain required to serve customers well, to be more agile, to be held more accountable for driving investment returns, and to understand where we are successful and where we are not.
The select few shared strategic capabilities into which we invest include our (1) mass customization platform ("MCP"), (2) talent infrastructure in India, (3) central procurement of large-scale capital equipment, shipping services, major categories of our raw materials and other categories of spend, and (4) peer-to-peer knowledge sharing among our businesses. We encourage each of our businesses to leverage these capabilities, but each business is free to choose whether or not to use these services. This optionality, we believe, creates healthy pressure on the central teams who provide such services to deliver compelling value to our businesses.
We limit all other central activities to only those which must be performed centrally. Out of more than 13,000 employees we have fewer than 70 who work in central activities that fall into this category, which includes tax, treasury, internal audit, general counsel, corporate communications, consolidated reporting and compliance, information security, investor relations, capital allocation and the functions of our CEO and CFO. We seek to avoid bureaucratic behavior in the corporate center, however we have developed, through experience, guardrails and accountability mechanisms in key areas of governance including cultural aspects such as a focus on customers or being socially responsible, as well as operational aspects such as the processes by which we set strategy and financial budgets and review performance, or the policies by which we ensure compliance with information privacy laws.
Our Uppermost Financial Objective
Our uppermost financial objective is to maximize our intrinsic value per share. We define intrinsic value per share as (a) the unlevered free cash flow per diluted share that, in our best judgment, will occur between now and the long-term future, appropriately discounted to reflect our cost of capital, minus (b) net debt per diluted share. We define unlevered free cash flow as free cash flow plus interest expense related to borrowings.
This financial objective is inherently long-term in nature. Thus an explicit outcome of this is that we accept fluctuations in our financial metrics as we make investments that we believe will deliver attractive long-term returns on investment.
We ask investors and potential investors in Cimpress to understand our uppermost financial objective by which we endeavor to make all financially evaluated decisions. We often make decisions in service of this priority that could be considered non-optimal were they to be evaluated based on other financial criteria such as (but not limited to) near- and mid-term revenue, operating income, net income, EPS, Adjusted Net Operating Profit (Adjusted NOP), Adjusted EBITDA, and cash flow.
Mass Customization
Mass customization is a business model that allows companies to deliver major improvements to customer value across a wide variety of customized product categories. Companies that master mass customization can automatically direct high volumes of orders into smaller streams of homogeneous orders that are then sent to specialized production lines. If done with structured data flows and the digitization of the configuration and manufacturing processes, setup costs become very small, and small volume orders become economically feasible.
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| | The chart illustrates this concept. The horizontal axis represents the volume of production of a given product; the vertical axis represents the cost of producing one unit of that product. Traditionally, the only way to manufacture at a low unit cost was to produce a large volume of that product: mass-produced products fall in the lower right hand corner of the chart. Custom-made products (i.e., those produced in small volumes for a very specific purpose) historically incurred very high unit costs: they fall in the upper left-hand side of the chart. Mass customization breaks this trade off, enabling low-volume, low-cost production of individually unique products. Very importantly, relative to traditional alternatives mass customization creates value in many ways, not just lower cost. Other advantages can include faster production, greater personal relevance, elimination of obsolete stock, better design, flexible shipping options, more product choice, and higher quality.
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Mass customization delivers a breakthrough in customer value particularly well in markets in which the worth of a physical product is inherently tied to a specific, unique use or application. For instance, there is limited value to a sign that is the same as is used by many other companies: the business owner needs to describe what is unique about his or her business. Likewise, a photo mug is more personally relevant if it shows pictures of someone’s own friends and family. Before mass customization, producing a high quality custom product required high per-order setup costs, so it simply was not economical to produce a customized product in low quantities.
We believe that the business cards sold by our Vistaprint business provide a concrete example of the potential of our mass customization business model to deliver significant customer value and to develop strong profit franchises in large markets that were previously low growth and commoditized. Millions of very small customers (for example, home-based businesses) rely on Vistaprint to design and procure aesthetically pleasing, high-quality, quickly-delivered and low-priced business cards. The Vistaprint production operations for a typical order of 250 standard business cards in Europe and North America require less than 14 seconds of labor for all of pre-press, printing, cutting and packaging, versus an hour or more for traditional printers. Combined with advantages of scale in graphic design support services, purchasing of materials, our self-service online ordering, pre-press automation, auto-scheduling and automated manufacturing processes, we allow customers to design, configure, and procure business cards at a fraction of the cost of typical traditional printers with very consistent quality and delivery reliability. Customers have very extensive, easily configurable, customization options such as rounded corners, different shapes, specialty papers, “spot varnish”, reflective foil, folded cards, or different paper thicknesses. Achieving this type of product variety while also being very cost efficient took us almost two decades and requires massive volume, significant engineering investments and significant capital. Business cards is a mature market that, at the overall market level, has experienced continual declines over the past two decades. Yet,
for Vistaprint, this remains a growing category and is highly profitable, and thus provides an example of the power of mass customization. Even though we do not expect many other products to reach this extreme level of automation, we do currently produce many other product categories (such as flyers, brochures, signage, mugs, calendars, pens, t-shirts, hats, embroidered soft goods, rubber stamps, photobooks, labels and holiday cards) via analogous methods whose volume and processes are well along the spectrum of mass customization relative to traditional suppliers and thus provide great customer value and a strong, profitable and growing revenue stream.
Market and Industry Background
Mass Customization Opportunity
Mass customization is not a market itself, but rather a competitive strategy that can be applied across many markets such as the following:
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| | |
Product: | Geography: | Customer: |
- Small format marketing materials | - North America | - Businesses (micro, small, medium, |
- Large format products | - Europe | large) |
- Promotional products and gifts | - Australia/New Zealand | - Graphic designers, resellers, printers |
- Decorated apparel | - South America | - Traditional providers who choose to |
- Packaging | - Asia Pacific | outsource these products |
- Photo merchandise | | - Teams, associations and groups |
- Invitations and announcements | | - Consumers (home and family) |
- Writing instruments | | |
Large traditional markets undergoing disruptive innovation
The products, geographies and customer applications listed above constitute a large market opportunity that is highly fragmented. We believe that the vast majority of the markets to which mass customization could apply are still served by traditional business models that force customers either to produce in large quantities per order or to pay a high price per unit.
We believe that these large and fragmented markets are moving away from small traditional suppliers that employ job shop business models to fulfill a relatively small number of customer orders and toward businesses such as those owned by Cimpress that aggregate a relatively large number of orders and fulfill them via a focused supply chain and production capabilities at relatively high volumes, thereby achieving the benefits of mass customization. We believe we are early in the process of what will be a multi-decade shift from job-shop business models to mass customization.
Cimpress’ current revenue represents a very small fraction of this market opportunity. We believe that Cimpress and competitors who have built their business around a mass customization model are “disruptive innovators” to these large markets because we enable small-volume production of personalized, high-quality products at an affordable price. Disruptive innovation, a term coined by Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christensen, describes a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market (such as free business cards for the most price sensitive of micro-businesses or low-quality white t-shirts) and then moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors (such as those in the markets mentioned above).
We believe that a large opportunity exists for major markets to shift to a mass customization paradigm and, even though we are largely decentralized, the select few shared strategic capabilities into which we centrally invest provide significant scale-based competitive advantages for Cimpress.
We believe this opportunity to deliver substantially better customer value and to therefore disrupt very large traditional industries can translate into tremendous future opportunity for Cimpress. Until approximately our fiscal year 2012, we focused primarily on a narrow set of customers within the list above (highly price-sensitive and discount-driven micro businesses and consumers) with a very limited product offering. Through acquisitions and via significant investments in our Vistaprint business, we have expanded the breadth and depth of our product
offerings, extended our ability to serve our traditional customers and gained a capability to serve a vast range of customer types.
As we continue to evolve and grow Cimpress, our understanding of these markets and their relative attractiveness is also evolving. Our expansion of product breadth and depth as well as new geographic markets has significantly increased the size of our addressable market opportunity. We base our market size and attractiveness estimates upon considerable research and analysis; however, our estimates are only approximate. Despite the imprecise nature of our estimates, we believe that our understanding is directionally correct and that we operate in an enormous aggregate market with significant opportunity for Cimpress to grow should we be successful in delivering a differentiated and attractive value proposition to customers.
Today, we believe that the revenue opportunity for low-to-medium order quantities (i.e., still within our focus of small-sized individual orders) in the four product categories below is over $100 billion annually in North America and Europe and at least $150 billion annually if you include other geographies and consumer products:
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• | Small format marketing materials such as business cards, flyers, leaflets, inserts, brochures and magazines. Businesses of all sizes are the main end users of short-and-medium run lengths (per order quantities below 2,500 units for business cards and below 20,000 units for other materials). |
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• | Large format products such as banners, signs, tradeshow displays, and point-of-sale displays. Businesses of all sizes are the main end users of short-and-medium run lengths (less than 1,000 units). |
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• | Promotional products, apparel and gifts including decorated apparel, bags and textiles, and hard goods such as pens, USB sticks, and drinkware. The end users of short-and-medium runs of these products range from businesses to teams, associations and groups, as well as consumers. |
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• | Packaging products, such as corrugated board packaging, folded cartons, bags and labels. Businesses are the primary end users for short-and-medium runs (below 10,000 units). |
Our Businesses
Cimpress businesses include those we developed organically (Vistaprint, Vistaprint Corporate Solutions, Vistaprint India, Vistaprint Japan) plus previously independent businesses either that we have fully acquired or in which we have a majority equity stake. Prior to its acquisition, each of our acquired companies pursued business models that embodied the principles of mass customization. In other words, each provided a standardized set of products that could be configured and customized by customers, ordered in relatively low volumes, and produced via relatively standardized, homogeneous production processes, at prices lower than those charged by traditional producers.
Our businesses collectively operate across North America and Europe, as well as in India, Japan, Brazil, China and Australia. Their websites typically offer a broad assortment of tools and features allowing customers to create a product design or upload their own complete design and place an order, either on a completely self-service basis or with varying levels of assistance. Some of our businesses also use offline techniques to acquire customers (e.g., mail order, telesales). The combined product assortment across our businesses is extensive, including offerings in the following product categories: business cards, marketing materials such as flyers and postcards, digital and marketing services, writing instruments, signage, canvas-print wall décor, decorated apparel, promotional products and gifts, packaging, textiles and magazines and catalogs.
The majority of our revenue is driven by standardized processes and enabled by software. We endeavor to design these processes and technologies to readily scale as the number of orders received per day increases. In particular, the more individual jobs we receive in a given time period, the more efficiently we can sort and route jobs with homogeneous production processes to given nodes of our internal production systems or of our third-party supply chain. This sortation and subsequent process automation improves production efficiency. We believe that our strategy of systematizing our service and production systems enables us to deliver value to customers much more effectively than traditional competitors.
Our businesses operate production facilities throughout Europe, North America, Australia, Brazil, China, India, and Japan. We also work extensively with several hundred external fulfillers located across the globe. We believe that the improvements we have made and the future improvements we intend to make in software technologies that support the design, sortation, scheduling, production and delivery processes provide us with
significant competitive advantage. In many cases our businesses can produce and ship an order the same day they receive it. Our supply chain systems and processes seek to drive reduced inventory and working capital as well as faster delivery to customers. In certain of our company-owned manufacturing facilities, software schedules the near-simultaneous production of different customized products that have been ordered by the same customer, allowing us to produce and deliver multi-part orders quickly and efficiently.
We believe that the potential for scale-based advantages is not limited to focused, automated production lines. Other advantages include the ability to systematically and automatically sort through the voluminous “long tail” of diverse and uncommon orders in order to group them into more homogeneous categories, and to route them to production nodes that are specialized for that category of operations and/or which are geographically proximate to the customer. In such cases, even though the daily production volume of a given production node is small in comparison to our highest-volume production lines, the homogeneity and volume we are able to achieve is nonetheless significant relative to traditional suppliers of the long tail product in question; thus, our relative efficiency gains remain substantial. For this type of long-tail production, we rely heavily on third-party fulfillment partnerships, which allow us to offer a very diverse set of products. We acquired most of our capabilities in this area via our investments in Exagroup, Printdeal, Pixartprinting and WIRmachenDRUCK. For instance, the product assortment of each of these four businesses is measured in the tens of thousands, versus Vistaprint where product assortment is dramatically smaller on a relative basis. This deep and broad product offering is important to many customers.
Our businesses are currently organized into the following five reportable segments:
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| Consists of the operations of our Vistaprint-branded websites in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. This business also includes our Webs business, which is managed with the Vistaprint Digital business. |
Our Vistaprint business helps more than 15 million micro businesses (companies with fewer than 10 employees) create attractive, professional-quality marketing products at affordable prices and at low volumes.
Upload & Print:
In order to increase customer focus, nimbleness and competitiveness, in fiscal year 2019 we eliminated a management oversight layer and created two sub-groups of upload and print businesses. We refer to these new reportable segments as PrintBrothers and The Print Group, each of which focus on serving graphic professionals: local printers, print resellers, graphic artists, advertising agencies and other customers with professional desktop publishing skill sets.
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2. | PrintBrothers: consists of our druck.at, Printdeal, and WIRmachenDRUCK businesses. |
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3. | The Print Group: consists of our Easyflyer, Exagroup, Pixartprinting, and Tradeprint businesses. |
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| Consists of our National Pen business and a few smaller brands operated by National Pen that are focused on customized writing instruments and promotional products, apparel and gifts for small- and medium-sized businesses.
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National Pen serves more than a million small businesses annually across more than 20 countries. Marketing methods are typically direct mail and telesales, as well as a small yet growing e-commerce site.
With the exception of BuildASign which is a larger and profitable business, this segment consists of multiple small, rapidly evolving early-stage businesses by which Cimpress is expanding to new markets. These businesses have been combined into one reportable segment based on materiality. The early-stage businesses in this segment are subject to high degrees of risk and we expect that each of their business models will rapidly evolve in function of future trials and entrepreneurial pivoting. Although not a comprehensive list, our All Other Businesses reportable segment includes the following:
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| BuildASign is an internet-based provider of canvas-print wall décor, business signage and other large-format printed products, based in Austin, Texas. |
| As the online printing leader in Brazil, Printi offers a superior customer experience with transparent and attractive pricing, reliable service and quality. |
| VIDA is an innovative startup that brings manufacturing access and an e-commerce marketplace to artists, thereby enabling artists to convert ideas into beautiful, original products for customers, ranging from custom fashion, jewelry and accessories to home accent pieces. |
| Vistaprint Corporate Solutions serves medium-sized businesses and large corporations, as well as a legacy revenue stream with retail partners and franchise businesses. |
| Vistaprint India operates a derivative of the Vistaprint business model, albeit with higher service levels and quality, fully domestic-Indian content, pricing that is a slight premium to many traditional offline alternatives, and almost no discounting. |
| Vistaprint Japan operates a derivative of the Vistaprint business model with a differentiated position relative to competitors who tend to focus on upload and print, not the self-service, micro-business customer which Vistaprint Japan serves. |
| YSD is a startup operation that provides end-to-end mass customization solutions to brands and IP owners in China, supporting multiple channels including retail stores, websites, WeChat and e-commerce platforms to enhance brand awareness and competitiveness, and develop new markets. |
Central Procurement
Given the scale of purchasing that happens across Cimpress’ businesses, there is significant value to coordinating our negotiations and purchasing to gain the benefit of scale. Our central procurement team negotiates and manages Cimpress-wide contracts for large-scale capital equipment, shipping services and major categories of raw materials (e.g., paper, plates, ink, etc.). The Cimpress procurement team is also available on an as-requested basis to help with procurement improvements, tools and approaches across other aspects of our businesses’ purchases. In fiscal year 2019, this team helped our businesses save significant costs and deliver improvements to working capital through strategic procurement practices and leveraging our scale. These benefits were evident in our acquisition of BuildASign this fiscal year where we quickly achieved material procurement savings.
We are focused on achieving the lowest total cost in our strategic sourcing efforts by concentrating on quality, logistics, technology and cost, while also striving to use responsible sourcing practices within our supply chain. Our efforts include the procurement of high-quality materials and equipment that meet our strict specifications at a low total cost across a growing number of manufacturing locations, with an increasing focus on supplier compliance with our sustainable paper procurement policy as well as our Supplier Code of Conduct. Additionally, we work to develop and implement logistics, warehousing, and outbound shipping strategies to provide a balance of low-cost material availability while limiting our inventory exposure.
Technology
Our businesses typically rely on advanced proprietary technology to attract and retain our customers, to enable customers to create graphic designs and place orders on our websites, and to aggregate and produce multiple orders in standardized, scalable processes. Technology is core to our competitive advantage, as without it our businesses would not be able to produce custom orders in small quantities while achieving the economics that are more analogous to mass-produced items.
We are building and using our MCP which is a cloud-based collection of software services, APIs, web applications and related technology offerings that can be leveraged independently or together by our businesses and third parties to perform common tasks that are important to mass customization. Cimpress businesses, and increasingly third-party fulfillers to our various businesses, can leverage different combinations of MCP services, depending on what capabilities they need to complement their business-specific technology. MCP is a multi-year investment that remains in its relatively early stages; however many of our businesses are leveraging some of the technologies that have already been developed and/or shared by other businesses. The capabilities that are available in the MCP today include customer-facing technologies, such as those that enable customers to visualize their designs on various products, as well as manufacturing, supply chain, and logistics technologies that automate various stages of the production and delivery of a product to a customer. The benefits of the MCP include improved speed to market for new product introduction, reduction in fulfillment costs, improvement of product delivery or geographic expansion, improved site experience, and automating manual tasks and avoiding IT expense (through a reduction in expenses related to maintaining/licensing software). Over time, we believe we can generate significant customer and shareholder value from increased specialization of production facilities, aggregated scale from multiple businesses, increased product offerings and shared technology development costs.
We intend to continue developing and enhancing our MCP-based customer-facing and manufacturing, supply chain and logistics technologies and processes. We develop our MCP technology centrally and we also have software and production engineering capabilities in each of our businesses. Our businesses are constantly seeking to strengthen our manufacturing and supply chain capabilities through engineering improvements in areas like automation, lean manufacturing, choice of equipment, product manufacturability, materials science, process control and color control.
Each of our businesses uses a mix of proprietary and third-party technology that supports the specific needs of that business. Their technology intensity ranges from significant to light, depending on their specific needs. Over the past few years, an increasing number of our businesses have begun to modernize and modularize their business-specific technology to enable them to launch more new products faster, provide a better customer experience, more easily connect to our MCP technologies, and leverage third-party technologies where we do not need to bear the cost of developing and maintaining proprietary technologies. For example, our businesses are increasingly using third-party software for capabilities such as a shopping cart or customer reviews, which are areas that we can benefit from providing a more e-commerce standard experience, and are better leveraging engineering resources to focus on technologies from which we derive competitive advantage.
In our central Cimpress Technology team and in an increasing number of our decentralized businesses, we have adopted an agile, micro-services-based approach to technology development that enables multiple businesses or use cases to leverage this API technology regardless of where it was originally developed. We believe this development approach can help our businesses serve customers and scale operations more rapidly than could have been done as an individual business outside Cimpress.
Information Privacy and Security
Each Cimpress business is responsible for ensuring that customer, company and team member information is secure and handled in ways that are fully compliant with relevant laws and regulations. Because there are many aspects of this topic that apply to all of our businesses, Cimpress invests in a central security team that defines security policies, deploys security controls, and provides services and embeds security into the development processes of our businesses. This team works in partnership with each of our businesses and the corporate center to measure security maturity and risk, and provides managed security services in a way that allows each business to address their unique challenges, lower their cost, and become more efficient in using their resources.
Shared Talent Infrastructure
We make it easy, low cost, and efficient for Cimpress businesses to set up and grow teams in India via a central infrastructure that provides all the local recruiting, onboarding, day-to-day administration, HR, and facilities management to support these teams, whether for technology, graphic services, or other business functions. Most of our businesses have established teams in India leveraging this central capability, with those teams working directly for the respective Cimpress business. This is another example of scale advantage, albeit with talent, relative to traditional suppliers that we can leverage across Cimpress.
Competition
The markets for the products our businesses produce and sell are intensely competitive, highly fragmented and geographically dispersed, with many existing and potential competitors. We have very low market share relative to the total. Within this highly competitive context, our businesses compete on the basis of breadth and depth of product offerings; price; convenience; quality; technology; design content, tools, and assistance; customer service; ease of use; and production and delivery speed. It is our intention to offer a broad selection of high-quality products as well as related services at low price points and in doing so, offer our customers an attractive value proposition. Our current competition includes a combination of the following:
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• | traditional offline suppliers and graphic design providers |
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• | online printing and graphic design companies |
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• | office superstores, drug store chains, food retailers, and other major retailers targeting small business and consumer markets |
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• | self-service desktop design and publishing using personal computer software |
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• | email marketing services companies |
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• | website design and hosting companies |
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• | suppliers of customized apparel, promotional products, gifts, and packaging |
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• | online photo product companies |
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• | online providers of custom printing services that outsource production to third party printers |
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• | providers of digital marketing such as social media and local search directories |
Today’s market has evolved to be much tougher in terms of competition. This evolution, which has been going on for 20 years, has led to major benefits for the customers in terms of lower price, faster lead times, and easier customer experience. Cimpress and its businesses have proactively driven, and benefited from, this dynamic. The mass customization business model first took off with small format products like business cards, post cards and flyers, and consumer products like holiday cards. As the model has become better understood and more prevalent, and online advertising approaches more common, the competition has become more intense. We are seeing these types of small format products growing at rates slower than some of these other product categories. And we continue to derive significant profits from these small format products. Conversely, there are other product areas that have only more recently begun to benefit from mass customization, such as signage, promotional products, apparel and gifts, textiles and packaging. Here, we see growth at healthy double-digit rates, but with a wider variety of profit outcomes as we continue to scale our offering in certain areas. There is also a geographic overlay to these trends. For example, in developing markets like India and Brazil, we see stronger growth across all these product areas, where as the market in countries such as Germany is already very mature and slow growing. Additionally, our exposure to these various product types varies by business. For example, National Pen has little exposure to small format products, while Vistaprint’s is much greater, and the PrintBrothers and The Print Group businesses are in between.
Social and Environmental Responsibility
Above and beyond compliance with applicable laws and regulations, we expect all parts of Cimpress to conduct business in a socially responsible, ethical manner. Examples of these efforts are:
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• | Environmental - We regularly evaluate ways to minimize the impact of our operations on the environment. In terms of combating CO2 pollution, we have established and centrally fund a company-wide carbon emissions reduction program to lower emissions at a rate in line with - or better than - science-based targets established in 2015 at the United Nations Global Change Conference (COP21 “Paris Climate Accord”). Our plan includes investments in energy-reducing infrastructure and equipment, as well as renewable energy sourcing. We are on track to meet this commitment, and we seek to make further improvements each year going forward for the foreseeable future. |
In terms of responsible forestry, we have converted the vast majority of the paper we print on in our Cimpress-owned production facilities to FSC-certified paper (FSC® C143124, FSC® C125299), the leading certification of responsible forestry practices. This certification confirms that the paper we print on comes from responsibly managed forests that meet high environmental and social standards.
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• | Fair labor practices - We make recruiting, retention, and other performance management related decisions based solely on merit and other organizational needs and considerations, such as an individual’s ability to do their job with excellence and in alignment with the company’s strategic and operational objectives. We do not tolerate discrimination on any basis protected by human rights laws or anti-discrimination regulations, and we strive to do more in this regard than the law requires. We are committed to a work environment where team members are treated with respect and fairness. We value individual differences, unique perspectives and the distinct contributions that each one of us can make to the company. |
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• | Team member health and safety - We do not tolerate unsafe conditions that may endanger team members or other parties, and require legal compliance at a minimum at all times. We require training on – and compliance with – safe work practices and procedures at all manufacturing facilities to ensure the safety of team members and visitors to our plant floors. |
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• | Ethical supply chain - It is important to us that our supply chain reflects our commitment to doing business with the highest standards of ethics and integrity. Each Cimpress business is responsible to ensure its supply chain does not allow for unacceptable practices such as environmental crimes, child labor, slavery or unsafe working conditions. |
More information can be found at www.cimpress.com in our Corporate Social Responsibility section, including links to reports and documents such as our supplier code of conduct, compliance with the UK anti-slavery act and our supply chain transparency disclosure.
Intellectual Property
We seek to protect our proprietary rights through a combination of patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks and contractual restrictions. We enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements with our employees, consultants and business partners, and control access to, and distribution of, our proprietary information. We have registered, or applied for the registration of, a number of U.S. and international domain names, trademarks, and copyrights. Additionally, we have filed U.S. and international patent applications for certain of our proprietary technology.
Seasonality
Our profitability has historically been highly seasonal. Our second fiscal quarter, ending December 31, includes the majority of the holiday shopping season and has become our strongest quarter for sales of our consumer-oriented products, such as holiday cards, calendars, canvas prints, photobooks, and personalized gifts.
Operating income during the second fiscal quarter represented 55% and 46% of annual operating income in the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the year ended June 30, 2017, in a period we recognized a loss from operations, the second quarter was the only profitable quarter during the year.
Employees
As of June 30, 2019, we had approximately 12,000 full-time and approximately 1,000 temporary employees worldwide.
Corporate Information
Cimpress N.V. (formerly named Vistaprint N.V.) was incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands on June 5, 2009 and on August 30, 2009 became the publicly traded parent company of the Cimpress group of entities. We maintain our registered office at Building D, Xerox Technology Park, Dundalk, Co. Louth, Ireland. Our telephone number in Ireland is +353-42-938-8500.
Available Information
We make available, free of charge through our United States website, the reports, proxy statements, amendments and other materials we file with or furnish to the SEC as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such materials with or to the SEC. The address of our United States website is www.cimpress.com. We are not including the information contained on our website, or information that can be accessed by links contained on our website, as a part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our future results may vary materially from those contained in forward-looking statements that we make in this Report and other filings with the SEC, press releases, communications with investors, and oral statements due to the following important factors, among others. Our forward-looking statements in this Report and in any other public statements we make may turn out to be wrong. These statements can be affected by, among other things, inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties or risks we currently deem immaterial. Consequently, no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.
Risks Related to Our Business
If our long-term growth strategy is not successful, our business and financial results could be harmed.
We may not achieve our long-term objectives, and our investments in our business may fail to impact our results and growth as anticipated. Some of the factors that could cause our business strategy to fail to achieve our objectives include the following, among others:
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• | our failure to adequately execute our strategy or anticipate and overcome obstacles to achieving our strategic goals |
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• | our failure to develop or deploy our mass customization platform or the failure of the platform to drive the efficiencies and competitive advantage we expect |
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• | our failure to manage the growth, complexity, and pace of change of our business and expand our operations |
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• | our failure to acquire, at a value-accretive price or at all, businesses that enhance the growth and development of our business or to effectively integrate the businesses we do acquire into our business |
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• | our inability to purchase or develop technologies and other key assets and capabilities to increase our efficiency, enhance our competitive advantage, and scale our operations |
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• | our failure to realize the anticipated benefits of the decentralization of our operations |
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• | the impact on our growth of our anticipated investment reductions, including a decrease in early stage investments and reductions in advertising spending, particularly for Vistaprint and National Pen |
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• | the failure of our current supply chain to provide the resources we need at the standards we require and our inability to develop new or enhanced supply chains |
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• | our failure to acquire new customers and enter new markets, retain our current customers, and sell more products to current and new customers |
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• | our failure to address performance issues in some of our businesses and markets |
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• | our failure to sustain growth in relatively mature markets |
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• | our failure to promote, strengthen, and protect our brands |
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• | our failure to effectively manage competition and overlap within our brand portfolio |
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• | the failure of our current and new marketing channels to attract customers |
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• | our failure to realize expected returns on our capital allocation decisions |
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• | unanticipated changes in our business, current and anticipated markets, industry, or competitive landscape |
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• | our failure to attract and retain skilled talent needed to execute our strategy and sustain our growth |
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• | general economic conditions |
If our strategy is not successful, then our revenue, earnings, cash flow, and value may not grow as anticipated, be negatively impacted, or decline, our reputation and brands may be damaged, and the price of our shares may decline. In addition, we may change our strategy from time to time, which can cause fluctuations in our financial results and volatility in our share price.
Purchasers of customized products may not choose to shop online, which would limit our acquisition of new customers that are necessary to the success of our business.
Most of our businesses sell our products and services primarily through the Internet. Because the online market for most of our products and services is not mature, our success depends in part on our ability to attract customers who have historically purchased products and services we offer through offline channels. Specific factors that could prevent prospective customers from purchasing from us online include the following:
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• | concerns about buying customized products without face-to-face interaction with design or sales personnel |
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• | the inability to physically handle and examine product samples before making a purchase |
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• | delivery time associated with Internet orders |
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• | concerns about the security of online transactions and the privacy of personal information |
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• | delayed or lost shipments or shipments of incorrect or damaged products |
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• | a desire to support and buy from local businesses |
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• | limited access to the Internet |
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• | the inconvenience associated with returning or exchanging purchased items |
In addition, our internal research shows that an increasing number of current and potential customers access our websites using smart phones or tablets and that our website visits using traditional computers may decline. Designing and purchasing custom designed products on a smart phone, tablet, or other mobile device is more difficult than doing so with a traditional computer due to limited screen sizes and bandwidth constraints, and we are seeing that customers' increased use of mobile devices to access and use our websites and technologies is having a negative impact on conversion rates, especially in our Vistaprint business, which can lead to a decline in revenue.
We may not succeed in promoting and strengthening our brands, which could prevent us from acquiring new customers and increasing revenues.
A primary component of our business strategy is to promote and strengthen our brands to attract new and repeat customers, and we face significant competition from other companies in our markets who also seek to establish strong brands. To promote and strengthen our brands, we must incur substantial marketing expenses and establish a relationship of trust with our customers by providing a high-quality customer experience, which requires us to invest substantial amounts of our resources. Our ability to provide a high-quality customer experience is also dependent on external factors over which we may have little or no control, such as the reliability and performance of our suppliers, third-party fulfillers, third-party carriers, and communication infrastructure providers. If we are unable to promote our brands or provide customers with a high-quality customer experience, we may fail to attract new customers, maintain customer relationships, and sustain or increase our revenues.
We manage our business for long-term results, and our quarterly and annual financial results often fluctuate, which may lead to volatility in our share price.
Our revenue and operating results often vary significantly from period to period due to a number of factors, and as a result comparing our financial results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. We prioritize our uppermost financial objective of maximizing our intrinsic value per share even at the expense of shorter-term results and do not manage our business to maximize current period reported financial results, including our GAAP net income (loss) and operating cash flow and other results we report. Many of the factors that lead to period-to-period fluctuations are outside of our control; however, some factors are inherent in our business strategies. Some of the specific factors that could cause our operating results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter or year to year include among others:
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• | investments in our business in the current period intended to generate longer-term returns, where the costs in the near term will not be offset by revenue or cost savings until future periods, if at all |
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• | variations in the demand for our products and services, in particular during our second fiscal quarter, which may be driven by seasonality, performance issues in some of our businesses and markets, or other factors |
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• | currency and interest rate fluctuations, which affect our revenue, costs, and fair value of our assets and liabilities |
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• | our ability to attract and retain customers and generate purchases |
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• | shifts in revenue mix toward less profitable products and brands |
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• | the commencement or termination of agreements with our strategic partners, suppliers, and others |
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• | our ability to manage our production, fulfillment, and support operations |
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• | costs to produce and deliver our products and provide our services, including the effects of inflation and the rising costs of raw materials such as paper |
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• | our pricing and marketing strategies and those of our competitors |
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• | expenses and charges related to our compensation arrangements with our executives and employees |
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• | costs and charges resulting from litigation |
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• | significant increases in credits, beyond our estimated allowances, for customers who are not satisfied with our products or delivery |
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• | changes in our income tax rate |
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• | costs to acquire businesses or integrate our acquired businesses |
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• | impairments of our tangible and intangible assets including goodwill |
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• | the results of our minority investments and joint ventures |
Some of our expenses, such as office leases, depreciation related to previously acquired property and equipment, and personnel costs, are relatively fixed, and we may be unable to, or may not choose to, adjust operating expenses to offset any revenue shortfall. Accordingly, any shortfall in revenue may cause significant variation in operating results in any period. Our operating results may sometimes be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors, in which case the price of our ordinary shares may decline.
We may not be successful in developing and deploying our mass customization platform or in realizing the anticipated benefits of the platform.
A key component of our strategy is the development and deployment of a mass customization platform, which is a cloud-based collection of software services, APIs, web applications and related technology offerings that can be leveraged independently or together by our businesses and third parties to perform common tasks that are important to mass customization. The process of developing new technology is complex, costly, and uncertain and requires us to commit significant resources before knowing whether our businesses will adopt components of our mass customization platform or whether the platform will make us more effective and competitive. As a result, there can be no assurance that we will find new capabilities to add to the growing set of technologies that make up our platform, that our diverse businesses will realize value from the platform, or that we will realize expected returns on the capital expended to develop the platform.
In addition, we are aware that other companies are developing platforms that could compete with ours. If a competitor were to create a more attractive or easier to adopt platform that has the potential to drive more scale advantage than ours does, our competitive position could be harmed.
Our global operations, decentralized organizational structure, and expansion place a significant strain on our management, employees, facilities, and other resources and subject us to additional risks.
We are a global company with production facilities, offices, and localized websites in many countries across six continents, and we manage our businesses and operations in a decentralized, autonomous manner. We expect to establish operations, acquire or invest in businesses, and sell our products and services in additional markets and geographic regions, including emerging markets, where we may have limited or no experience. We may not be successful in all markets and regions in which we invest or where we establish operations, which may be costly to us. We are subject to a number of risks and challenges that relate to our global operations, decentralization, and expansion, including, among others:
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• | difficulty managing operations in, and communications among, multiple businesses, locations, and time zones |
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• | difficulty complying with multiple tax laws, treaties, and regulations and limiting our exposure to onerous or unanticipated taxes, duties, and other costs |
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• | our failure to improve and adapt our financial and operational controls and systems to manage our decentralized businesses and comply with our obligations as a public company |
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• | the challenge of complying with disparate laws in multiple countries, such as local regulations that may impair our ability to conduct our business as planned, protectionist laws that favor local businesses, and restrictions imposed by local labor laws |
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• | our inexperience in marketing and selling our products and services within unfamiliar markets, countries, and cultures |
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• | challenges of working with local business partners |
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• | our failure to properly understand and develop graphic design content and product formats and attributes appropriate for local tastes |
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• | disruptions caused by political and social instability that may occur in some countries |
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• | exposure to corrupt business practices that may be common in some countries or in some sales channels and markets, such as bribery or the willful infringement of intellectual property rights |
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• | difficulty repatriating cash from some countries |
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• | difficulty importing and exporting our products across country borders and difficulty complying with customs regulations in the many countries where we sell products |
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• | disruptions or cessation of important components of our international supply chain |
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• | failure of local laws to provide a sufficient degree of protection against infringement of our intellectual property |
There is considerable uncertainty about the economic and regulatory effects of the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union (commonly referred to as "Brexit"). The UK is one of our largest markets in Europe, but we currently ship many products to UK customers from EU countries. If Brexit results in greater restrictions on imports and exports between the UK and the EU or increased regulatory complexity, then our operations and financial results could be negatively impacted.
In addition, we are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that may impact items such as the translation of our revenue and expenses, remeasurement of our intercompany balances, and the value of our cash and cash equivalents and other assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, our reporting currency. The hedging activities we engage in may not mitigate the net impact of currency exchange rate fluctuations, and our financial results may differ materially from expectations as a result of such fluctuations.
Failure to protect our information systems and the confidential information of our customers, employees, and business partners against security breaches or thefts could damage our reputation and brands, subject us to litigation and enforcement actions, and substantially harm our business and results of operations.
Our business involves the receipt, storage, and transmission of customers' personal and payment information, as well as confidential information about our business, employees, suppliers, and business partners, some of which is entrusted to third-party service providers, partners, and vendors. Our information systems and those of third parties with which we share information are vulnerable to an increasing threat of cyber security risks, including physical and electronic break-ins, computer viruses, and phishing and other social engineering scams,
among other risks. As security threats evolve and become more sophisticated and more difficult to detect and defend against, a hacker or thief may defeat our security measures, or those of our third-party service provider, partner, or vendor, and obtain confidential or personal information. We or the third party may not discover the security breach and theft of information for a significant period of time after the breach occurs. We may need to expend significant resources to protect against security breaches and thefts of data or to address problems caused by breaches or thefts, and we may not be able to anticipate cyber attacks or implement adequate preventative measures. Any compromise or breach of our information systems or the information systems of third parties with which we share information could, among other things:
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• | damage our reputation and brands |
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• | expose us to losses, remediation costs, litigation, enforcement actions, and possible liability |
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• | result in a failure to comply with legal and industry privacy regulations and standards |
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• | lead to the misuse of our and our customers' and employees' confidential or personal information |
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• | cause interruptions in our operations |
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• | cause us to lose revenue if existing and potential customers believe that their personal and payment information may not be safe with us |
We are subject to the laws of many states, countries, and regions and industry guidelines and principles governing the collection, use, retention, disclosure, sharing, and security of data that we receive from and about our customers and employees. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with any of these laws, guidelines, or principles could result in actions against us by governmental entities or others, a loss of customer confidence, and damage to our brands, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business. In addition, the regulatory landscape is constantly changing, as various regulatory bodies throughout the world enact new laws concerning privacy, data retention, data transfer and data protection. For example, the recent General Data Protection Regulation in Europe includes robust operational and compliance requirements and significant penalties for non-compliance. Complying with these varying and changing requirements could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business and operating results.
Acquisitions and strategic investments may be disruptive to our business.
An important way in which we pursue our strategy is to selectively acquire businesses, technologies, and services and make minority investments in businesses and joint ventures. The time and expense associated with finding suitable businesses, technologies, or services to acquire or invest in can be disruptive to our ongoing business and divert our management's attention. In addition, we have needed in the past, and may need in the future, to seek financing for acquisitions and investments, which may not be available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all, and can cause dilution to our shareholders, cause us to incur additional debt, or subject us to covenants restricting the activities we may undertake.
Our acquisitions and strategic investments may fail to achieve our goals.
An acquisition, minority investment, or joint venture may fail to achieve our goals and expectations for a number of reasons including the following:
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• | The business we acquired or invested in may not perform as well as we expected. |
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• | We may overpay for acquired businesses, which can, among other things, negatively affect our intrinsic value per share. |
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• | We may fail to integrate acquired businesses, technologies, services, or internal systems effectively, or the integration may be more expensive or take more time than we anticipated. |
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• | The management of our acquired businesses, minority investments, and joint ventures may be more expensive or may take more resources than we expected. |
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• | We may not realize the anticipated benefits of integrating acquired businesses into our mass customization platform. |
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• | We may encounter cultural or language challenges in integrating an acquired business or managing our minority investment in a business. |
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• | We may not be able to retain customers and key employees of the acquired businesses, and we and the businesses we acquire or invest in may not be able to cross sell products and services to each other's customers. |
We generally assume the liabilities of businesses we acquire, which could include liability for an acquired business' violation of law that occurred before we acquired it. In addition, we have historically acquired smaller, privately held companies that may not have as strong a culture of legal compliance or as robust financial controls as a larger, publicly traded company like Cimpress, and if we fail to implement adequate training, controls, and monitoring of the acquired companies, we could also be liable for post-acquisition legal violations.
Our acquisitions and minority investments can negatively impact our financial results.
Acquisitions and minority investments can be costly, and some of our acquisitions and investments may be dilutive, leading to reduced earnings. Acquisitions and investments can result in increased expenses including impairments of goodwill and intangible assets if financial goals are not achieved, assumptions of contingent or unanticipated liabilities, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and increased tax costs.
In addition, the accounting for our acquisitions and minority investments requires us to make significant estimates, judgments, and assumptions that can change from period to period, based in part on factors outside of our control, which can create volatility in our financial results. For example, we often pay a portion of the purchase price for our acquisitions in the form of an earn out based on performance targets for the acquired companies or enter into obligations or options to purchase noncontrolling interests in our acquired companies or minority investments, which can be difficult to forecast. If in the future our assumptions change and we determine that higher levels of achievement are likely under our earn outs or future purchase obligations, we will need to pay and record additional amounts to reflect the increased purchase price. These additional amounts could be significant and could adversely impact our results of operations.
Furthermore, provisions for future payments to sellers based on the performance or valuation of the acquired businesses, such as earn outs and options to purchase noncontrolling interests, can lead to disputes with the sellers about the achievement of the performance targets or valuation or create inadvertent incentives for the acquired company's management to take short-term actions designed to maximize the payments they receive instead of benefiting the business. In addition, strong performance of the underlying business could result in material payments pursuant to earn-out provisions or future purchase obligations that may or may not reflect the fair market value of the asset at that time.
If we are unable to attract new and repeat customers in a cost-effective manner, our business and results of operations could be harmed.
Our success depends on our ability to attract new and repeat customers in a cost-effective manner. Our various businesses rely on a variety of methods to do this including drawing visitors to our websites, promoting our products and services through search engines such as Google, Bing, and Yahoo!, email, direct mail, advertising banners and other online links, broadcast media, telesales and word-of-mouth customer referrals. If the search engines on which we rely modify their algorithms or terminate their relationships with us, or if the prices at which we may purchase listings increase, then our costs could increase, and fewer customers may click through to our websites. If links to our websites are not displayed prominently in online search results, if fewer customers click through to our websites, if our direct mail marketing campaigns are not effective, or if the costs of attracting customers using any of our current methods significantly increase, then our ability to efficiently attract new and repeat customers would be reduced, our revenue and net income could decline, and our business and results of operations would be harmed.
Seasonal fluctuations in our business place a strain on our operations and resources.
Our profitability has historically been highly seasonal. Our second fiscal quarter includes the majority of the holiday shopping season and accounts for a disproportionately high portion of our earnings for the year, primarily due to higher sales of home and family products such as holiday cards, calendars, photo books, and personalized gifts. In addition, our National Pen business has historically generated nearly all of its profits during the December quarter. Our operating income during the second fiscal quarter represented 55% and 46% of annual operating income in the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and during the year ended June 30, 2017, in a period we recognized a loss from operations, the second quarter was the only profitable quarter. In anticipation of increased sales activity during our second fiscal quarter holiday season, we typically incur significant additional capacity related expenses each year to meet our seasonal needs, including facility expansions, equipment purchases and leases, and increases in the number of temporary and permanent employees. Lower than expected sales during the second quarter have a disproportionately large impact on our operating results and financial condition for the full fiscal year. In addition, if our manufacturing and other operations are unable to keep up with the high volume of orders during our second fiscal quarter or we experience inefficiencies in our production, then our costs may be significantly higher, and we and our customers can experience delays in order fulfillment and delivery and other disruptions. If we are unable to accurately forecast and respond to seasonality in our business, our business and results of operations may be materially harmed.
Our hedging activity could negatively impact our results of operations, cash flows, or leverage.
We have entered into derivatives to manage our exposure to interest rate and currency movements. If we do not accurately forecast our results of operations, execute contracts that do not effectively mitigate our economic exposure to interest rates and currency rates, elect to not apply hedge accounting, or fail to comply with the complex accounting requirements for hedging, our results of operations and cash flows could be volatile, as well as negatively impacted. Also, our hedging objectives may be targeted at improving our non-GAAP financial metrics, which could result in increased volatility in our GAAP results. Since some of our hedging activity addresses long-term exposures, such as our net investment in our subsidiaries, the gains or losses on those hedges could be recognized before the offsetting exposure materializes to offset them. This could result in our having to borrow to settle a loss on a derivative without an offsetting cash inflow, potentially causing volatility in our cash or debt balances and therefore our leverage.
Our businesses face risks related to interruption of our operations and lack of redundancy.
Our businesses' production facilities, websites, infrastructure, supply chain, customer service centers, and operations may be vulnerable to interruptions, and we do not have redundancies or alternatives in all cases to carry on these operations in the event of an interruption. In addition, because our businesses are dependent in part on third parties for the implementation and maintenance of certain aspects of our communications and production systems, we may not be able to remedy interruptions to these systems in a timely manner or at all due to factors outside of our control. Some of the events that could cause interruptions in our businesses' operations or systems are the following, among others:
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• | fire, natural disasters, or extreme weather |
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• | labor strike, work stoppage, or other issues with our workforce |
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• | political instability or acts of terrorism or war |
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• | power loss or telecommunication failure |
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• | attacks on our external websites or internal network by hackers or other malicious parties |
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• | undetected errors or design faults in our technology, infrastructure, and processes that may cause our websites to fail |
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• | inadequate capacity in our systems and infrastructure to cope with periods of high volume and demand |
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• | human error, including poor managerial judgment or oversight |
Any interruptions to our systems or operations could result in lost revenue, increased costs, negative publicity, damage to our reputations and brands, and an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Building redundancies into our infrastructure, systems, and supply chain to mitigate these risks may require us to commit substantial financial, operational, and technical resources, in some cases before the volume of their business increases with no assurance that their revenue will increase.
We face intense competition, and we expect our competition to continue to increase.
The markets for our products and services are intensely competitive, highly fragmented, and geographically dispersed. The competitive landscape for e-commerce companies and the mass customization market continues to change as new e-commerce businesses are introduced, established e-commerce businesses like Amazon enter the mass customization market, and traditional “bricks and mortar” businesses establish an online presence. Competition may result in price pressure, increased advertising expense, reduced profit margins, and loss of market share and brand recognition, any of which could substantially harm our business and financial results. Current and potential competitors include the following (in no particular order):
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• | traditional offline suppliers and graphic design providers |
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• | online printing and graphic design companies |
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• | office superstores, drug store chains, food retailers, and other major retailers targeting small business and consumer markets |
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• | self-service desktop design and publishing using personal computer software |
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• | email marketing services companies |
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• | website design and hosting companies |
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• | suppliers of customized apparel, promotional products, gifts, and packaging |
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• | online photo product companies |
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• | online providers of custom printing services that outsource production to third party printers |
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• | providers of digital marketing such as social media and local search directories |
Many of our current and potential competitors have advantages over us, including longer operating histories, greater brand recognition or loyalty, more focus on a given subset of our business, significantly greater financial, marketing, and other resources, or willingness to operate at a loss while building market share. Many of our competitors currently work together, and additional competitors may do so in the future through strategic business agreements or acquisitions. In addition, we have in the past and may in the future choose to collaborate with some of our existing and potential competitors in strategic partnerships that we believe will improve our competitive position and financial results. It is possible, however, that such ventures will be unsuccessful and that our competitive position and financial results will be adversely affected as a result of such collaboration.
Failure to meet our customers' price expectations would adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Demand for our products and services is sensitive to price for almost all of our businesses, and changes in our pricing strategies, including shipping pricing, have had a significant impact on the numbers of customers and orders in some regions, which in turn affects our revenue, profitability, and results of operations. Many factors can significantly impact our pricing and marketing strategies, including the costs of running our business, the costs of raw materials, our competitors' pricing and marketing strategies, and the effects of inflation. If we fail to meet our customers' price expectations, our business and results of operations may suffer.
We are subject to safety, health, and environmental laws and regulations, which could result in liabilities, cost increases, or restrictions on our operations.
We are subject to a variety of safety, health and environmental, or SHE, laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. These laws and regulations govern, among other things, air emissions, wastewater discharges, the storage, handling and disposal of hazardous and other regulated substances and wastes, soil and groundwater contamination and employee health and safety. We use regulated substances such as inks and solvents, and generate air emissions and other discharges at our manufacturing facilities, and some of our facilities are required to hold environmental permits. If we fail to comply with existing SHE requirements, or new, more stringent SHE requirements applicable to us are imposed, we may be subject to monetary fines, civil or criminal sanctions, third-party claims, or the limitation or suspension of our operations. In addition, if we are found to be responsible for hazardous substances at any location (including, for example, offsite waste disposal facilities or facilities at which we formerly operated), we may be responsible for the cost of cleaning up contamination, regardless of fault, as well as for claims for harm to health or property or for natural resource damages arising out of contamination or exposure to hazardous substances.
In some cases we pursue self-imposed socially responsible policies that are more stringent than is typically required by laws and regulations, for instance in the areas of worker safety, team member social benefits and environmental protection such as carbon reduction initiatives. The costs of this added SHE effort are often substantial and could grow over time.
The failure of our business partners to use legal and ethical business practices could negatively impact our business.
We contract with multiple business partners in an increasing number of jurisdictions worldwide, including sourcing the raw materials for the products we sell from an expanding number of suppliers and contracting with third-party merchants and manufacturers for the placement and fulfillment of customer orders. We require our suppliers, fulfillers, and merchants to operate in compliance with all applicable laws, including those regarding corruption, working conditions, employment practices, safety and health, and environmental compliance, but we cannot control their business practices. We may not be able to adequately vet, monitor, and audit our many business partners (or their suppliers) throughout the world, and our decentralized structure heightens this risk, as not all of our businesses have equal resources to manage their business partners. If any of them violates labor, environmental, or other laws or implements business practices that are regarded as unethical or inconsistent with our values, our reputation could be severely damaged, and our supply chain and order fulfillment process could be interrupted, which could harm our sales and results of operations.
The loss of key personnel or an inability to attract and retain additional personnel could affect our ability to successfully grow our business.
We are highly dependent upon the continued service and performance of our senior management and key technical, marketing, and production personnel, any of whom may cease their employment with us at any time with minimal advance notice. We face intense competition for qualified individuals from many other companies in diverse industries. The loss of key employees places a strain on members of our management team, who in some cases need to step in and support an additional business or function, and may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives. Our failure to recruit, attract, and retain suitably qualified individuals to fill open roles or to adequately plan for succession could have an adverse effect on our ability to implement our business plan.
Our credit facility and the indenture that governs our senior notes restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes or to take certain actions.
Our senior secured credit facility, which we refer to as our credit facility, and the indenture that governs our 7.0% senior unsecured notes due 2026, which we refer to as our senior notes, contain a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and may limit our ability to engage in acts that may be in our best interest, including restrictions on our ability to:
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• | incur additional indebtedness, guarantee indebtedness, and incur liens |
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• | pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem capital stock |
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• | prepay, redeem, or repurchase certain subordinated debt |
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• | issue certain preferred stock or similar redeemable equity securities |
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• | make loans and investments |
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• | enter into transactions with affiliates |
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• | alter the businesses we conduct |
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• | enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends |
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• | consolidate, merge, or sell all or substantially all of our assets |
As a result of these restrictions, we may be limited in how we conduct our business, grow in accordance with our strategy, compete effectively, or take advantage of new business opportunities. In addition, the restrictive covenants in the credit facility require us to maintain specified financial ratios and satisfy other financial condition tests. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and tests can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may be unable to meet them.
A default under our indenture or credit facility would have a material, adverse effect on our business.
Our failure to make scheduled payments on our debt or our breach of the covenants or restrictions under the indenture that governs our senior notes or under our credit facility could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such a default would have a material, adverse effect on our business and financial condition, including the following, among others:
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• | Our lenders could declare all outstanding principal and interest to be due and payable, and we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness. |
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• | Our secured lenders could foreclose against the assets securing their borrowings. |
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• | Our lenders under the credit facility could terminate all commitments to extend further credit under that facility. |
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• | We could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. |
Our material indebtedness and interest expense could adversely affect our financial condition.
As of June 30, 2019, our total debt was $1,035.6 million, made up of $400.0 million of senior notes, $621.2 million of loan obligations under our credit facility and $14.4 million of other debt.
Subject to the limits contained in the credit facility, the indenture that governs our senior notes, and our other debt instruments, we may be able to incur substantial additional debt from time to time to finance working
capital, capital expenditures, investments or acquisitions, or for other purposes. If we do so, the risks related to our level of debt could intensify. Specifically, our level of debt could have important consequences, including the following:
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• | making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our debt |
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• | limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, or other general corporate requirements |
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• | requiring a substantial portion of our cash flows to be dedicated to debt service payments instead of other purposes, thereby reducing the amount of cash flows available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes |
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• | increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions |
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• | exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates as some of our borrowings, including borrowings under our credit facility, are at variable rates of interest |
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• | limiting our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in the industry and marketplaces in which we compete |
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• | placing us at a disadvantage compared to other, less leveraged competitors |
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• | increasing our cost of borrowing |
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our indebtedness and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness, which may not be successful.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on or refinance our debt obligations depends on our financial condition and operating performance, which are subject to economic and competitive conditions and to various financial, business, legislative, regulatory, and other factors beyond our control. We may be unable to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness. If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and could be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures or to dispose of material assets or operations, seek additional debt or equity capital, or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. We may not be able to effect any such alternative measures, if necessary, on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
If we cannot make scheduled payments on our debt, we will be in default. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all, would materially and adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.
Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.
Borrowings under our credit facility are at variable rates of interest and expose us to interest rate risk, and any interest rate swaps we enter into in order to reduce interest rate volatility may not fully mitigate our interest rate risk. If interest rates were to increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness would increase even if the amount borrowed remained the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, will correspondingly decrease. As of June 30, 2019, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in rates, inclusive of our outstanding interest rate swaps, would result in an increase of interest expense of approximately $1.0 million over the next 12 months.
Border controls and duties and restrictions on cross-border commerce may negatively impact our business.
Many governments impose restrictions on shipping goods into their countries, as well as protectionist measures such as customs duties and tariffs that may apply directly to product categories comprising a material
portion of our revenues. The customs laws, rules and regulations that we are required to comply with are complex and subject to unpredictable enforcement and modification. As a result of these restrictions, we have from time to time experienced delays in shipping our manufactured products into certain countries, and changes in cross-border regulations could have a significant negative effect on our business. For example, the current United States administration has made, and may continue to make, major changes in trade policy between the United States and other countries, such as the imposition of additional tariffs and duties on imported products, and has suggested closing the border between the United States and Mexico. Because we produce most physical products for our United States customers at our facilities in Canada and Mexico and we source most materials for our products outside the United States, including material amounts of sourcing from China, future changes in tax policy or trade relations could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our reputation and brands could be damaged, and others may be able to use our technology, which could substantially harm our business and financial results.
We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights, and contractual restrictions to protect our intellectual property, but these protective measures afford only limited protection. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may be able to copy or use technology or information that we consider proprietary. There can be no guarantee that any of our pending patent applications or continuation patent applications will be granted, and from time to time we face infringement, invalidity, intellectual property ownership, or similar claims brought by third parties with respect to our patents. In addition, despite our trademark registrations throughout the world, our competitors or other entities may adopt names, marks, or domain names similar to ours, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to customer confusion. Enforcing our intellectual property rights can be extremely costly, and a failure to protect or enforce these rights could damage our reputation and brands and substantially harm our business and financial results.
Intellectual property disputes and litigation are costly and could cause us to lose our exclusive rights, subject us to liability, or require us to stop some of our business activities.
From time to time, we receive claims from third parties that we infringe their intellectual property rights, that we are required to enter into patent licenses covering aspects of the technology we use in our business, or that we improperly obtained or used their confidential or proprietary information. Any litigation, settlement, license, or other proceeding relating to intellectual property rights, even if we settle it or it is resolved in our favor, could be costly, divert our management's efforts from managing and growing our business, and create uncertainties that may make it more difficult to run our operations. If any parties successfully claim that we infringe their intellectual property rights, we might be forced to pay significant damages and attorney's fees, and we could be restricted from using certain technologies important to the operation of our business.
Our business is dependent on the Internet, and unfavorable changes in government regulation of the Internet, e-commerce, and email marketing could substantially harm our business and financial results.
Because most of our businesses depend primarily on the Internet for our sales, laws specifically governing the Internet, e-commerce, and email marketing may have a greater impact on our operations than other more traditional businesses. Existing and future laws, such as laws covering pricing, customs, privacy, consumer protection, or commercial email, may impede the growth of e-commerce and our ability to compete with traditional “bricks and mortar” retailers. Existing and future laws or unfavorable changes or interpretations of these laws could substantially harm our business and financial results.
If we were required to review the content that our customers incorporate into our products and interdict the shipment of products that violate copyright protections or other laws, our costs would significantly increase, which would harm our results of operations.
Because of our focus on automation and high volumes, most of our sales do not involve any human-based review of content. Although our websites' terms of use specifically require customers to make representations about the legality and ownership of the content they upload for production, there is a risk that a customer may supply an image or other content for an order we produce that is the property of another party used without permission, that infringes the copyright or trademark of another party, or that would be considered to be defamatory, hateful, obscene, or otherwise objectionable or illegal under the laws of the jurisdiction(s) where that customer lives or where we operate. If we were to become legally obligated to perform manual screening of customer orders, our
costs would increase significantly, and we could be required to pay substantial penalties or monetary damages for any failure in our screening process.
We may be subject to product liability or environmental compliance claims if people, property, or the environment are harmed by the products we sell.
Some of the products we sell, including products manufactured or supplied by third-party business partners, may expose us to product liability or environmental compliance claims relating to issues such as personal injury, death, property damage, or the use or disposal of environmentally harmful substances and may require product recalls or other actions. Any claims, litigation, or recalls could be costly to us and damage our brands and reputation.
We do not collect indirect taxes in all jurisdictions, which could expose us to tax liabilities.
In some of the jurisdictions where we sell products and services, we do not collect or have imposed upon us sales, value added or other consumption taxes, which we refer to as indirect taxes. The application of indirect taxes to e-commerce businesses such as Cimpress is a complex and evolving issue, and in many cases, it is not clear how existing tax statutes apply to the Internet or e-commerce. If a government entity claims that we should have been collecting indirect taxes on the sale of our products in a jurisdiction where we have not been doing so, then we could incur substantial tax liabilities for past sales.
For example, some of our businesses do not currently collect sales tax in all U.S. states where they sell products. Many state governments in the United States have imposed or are seeking to impose sales tax collection responsibility on out-of-state, online retailers, and the recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. et al. enables states to consider adopting laws requiring remote sellers to collect and remit sales tax, even in states in which the seller has no physical presence. To the extent that individual states decide to adopt similar legislation, this could significantly increase the collection and compliance burden on Cimpress businesses operating in the U.S. In addition, there is risk that a state government in which a Cimpress business currently is not registered to collect and remit sales tax may attempt to assess tax, interest and penalties relating to prior periods.
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
Challenges by various tax authorities to our international structure could, if successful, increase our effective tax rate and adversely affect our earnings.
We are a Dutch limited liability company that operates through various subsidiaries in a number of countries throughout the world. Consequently, we are subject to tax laws, treaties and regulations in the countries in which we operate, and these laws and treaties are subject to interpretation. From time to time, we are subject to tax audits, and the tax authorities in these countries could claim that a greater portion of the income of the Cimpress N.V. group should be subject to income or other tax in their respective jurisdictions, which could result in an increase to our effective tax rate and adversely affect our results of operations.
Changes in tax laws, regulations and treaties could affect our tax rate and our results of operations.
A change in tax laws, treaties or regulations, or their interpretation, of any country in which we operate could result in a higher tax rate on our earnings, which could result in a significant negative impact on our earnings and cash flow from operations. There are currently multiple initiatives for comprehensive tax reform underway in key jurisdictions where we have operations, and we cannot predict whether any other specific legislation will be enacted or the terms of any such legislation. However, if such legislation were enacted, or if modifications were to be made to certain existing treaties, the consequences could have a materially adverse impact on us, including increasing our tax burden, increasing costs of our tax compliance or otherwise adversely affecting our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The recent Swiss Federal Act on Tax Reform and AHV Financing (TRAF) will result in significant changes to the Swiss cantonal income tax system that will become effective on January 1, 2020, including the elimination of historically favorable cantonal tax regimes, the introduction of a patent box regime and the introduction of a research and development super deduction. In response to the TRAF, Zurich, the Swiss canton in which we operate, must enact cantonal tax reform to comply with the framework provided by the TRAF and is also expected to lower the statutory tax rate to compensate for the elimination of the historically favorable cantonal tax regimes.
When Zurich enacts this cantonal tax reform, which we expect to occur sometime in the first half of our fiscal year 2020, we will be required to remeasure our Swiss deferred tax assets and liabilities to account for the elimination of the historically favorable cantonal tax regimes, the impact of the transitional rules and the change in the statutory cantonal tax rate. This remeasurement of our Swiss deferred tax assets and liabilities could have a significant impact on our income tax provision in the period of enactment.
Our intercompany arrangements may be challenged, which could result in higher taxes or penalties and an adverse effect on our earnings.
We operate pursuant to written transfer pricing agreements among Cimpress N.V. and its subsidiaries, which establish transfer prices for various services performed by our subsidiaries for other Cimpress group companies. If two or more affiliated companies are located in different countries, the tax laws or regulations of each country generally will require that transfer prices be consistent with those between unrelated companies dealing at arm's length. With the exception of certain jurisdictions where we have obtained rulings or advance pricing agreements, our transfer pricing arrangements are not binding on applicable tax authorities, and no official authority in any other country has made a determination as to whether or not we are operating in compliance with its transfer pricing laws. If tax authorities in any country were successful in challenging our transfer prices as not reflecting arm's length transactions, they could require us to adjust our transfer prices and thereby reallocate our income to reflect these revised transfer prices. A reallocation of taxable income from a lower tax jurisdiction to a higher tax jurisdiction would result in a higher tax liability to us. In addition, if the country from which the income is reallocated does not agree with the reallocation, both countries could tax the same income, resulting in double taxation.
Our Articles of Association, Dutch law and the independent foundation, Stichting Continuïteit Cimpress, may make it difficult to replace or remove management, may inhibit or delay a change of control or may dilute shareholder voting power.
Our Articles of Association, or Articles, as governed by Dutch law, limit our shareholders' ability to suspend or dismiss the members of our Board of Directors or to overrule our Board's nominees by requiring a supermajority vote to do so under most circumstances. As a result, there may be circumstances in which shareholders may not be able to remove members of our Board of Directors even if holders of a majority of our ordinary shares favor doing so.
In addition, an independent foundation, Stichting Continuïteit Cimpress, or the Foundation, exists to safeguard the interests of Cimpress N.V. and its stakeholders, which include but are not limited to our shareholders, and to assist in maintaining Cimpress' continuity and independence. To this end, we have granted the Foundation a call option pursuant to which the Foundation may acquire a number of preferred shares equal to the same number of ordinary shares then outstanding, which is designed to provide a protective measure against unsolicited take-over bids for Cimpress and other hostile threats. If the Foundation were to exercise the call option, it may prevent a change of control or delay or prevent a takeover attempt, including a takeover attempt that might result in a premium over the market price for our ordinary shares. Exercise of the preferred share option would also effectively dilute the voting power of our outstanding ordinary shares by one half.
We have limited flexibility with respect to certain aspects of capital management and certain corporate transactions.
Dutch law imposes limitations and requirements on corporate actions such as the payment of dividends, issuance of new shares, repurchase of outstanding shares, and corporate acquisitions of a certain size, among other actions. For example, Dutch law requires shareholder approval for many corporate actions that would not be subject to shareholder approval if we were incorporated in the United States. Situations may arise where the flexibility to issue shares, pay dividends, purchase shares, acquire other companies, or take other corporate actions would be beneficial to us, but is subject to limitations, subject to delay due to shareholder approval requirements, or unavailable under Dutch law.
Because of our corporate structure, our shareholders may find it difficult to pursue legal remedies against the members of our Board of Directors.
Our Articles and our internal corporate affairs are governed by Dutch law, and the rights of our shareholders and the responsibilities of our Board of Directors are different from those established under United States laws. For example, under Dutch law derivative lawsuits are generally not available, and our Board is responsible for acting in
the best interests of the company, its business and all of its stakeholders generally (including employees, customers and creditors), not just shareholders. As a result, our shareholders may find it more difficult to protect their interests against actions by members of our Board than they would if we were a U.S. corporation.
Because of our corporate structure, our shareholders may find it difficult to enforce claims based on United States federal or state laws, including securities liabilities, against us or our management team.
We are incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands, and the majority of our assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, some of our officers and management reside outside of the United States. In most cases, a final judgment for the payment of money rendered by a U.S. federal or state court would not be directly enforceable in the Netherlands. Although there is a process under Dutch law for petitioning a Dutch court to enforce a judgment rendered in the United States, there can be no assurance that a Dutch court would impose civil liability on us or our management team in any lawsuit predicated solely upon U.S. securities or other laws. In addition, because most of our assets are located outside of the United States, it could be difficult for investors to place a lien on our assets in connection with a claim of liability under U.S. laws. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to enforce U.S. court judgments or rights predicated upon U.S. laws against us or our management team outside of the United States.
We may not be able to make distributions or purchase shares without subjecting our shareholders to Dutch withholding tax.
A Dutch withholding tax may be levied on dividends and similar distributions made by Cimpress N.V. to its shareholders at the statutory rate of 15% if we cannot structure such distributions as being made to shareholders in relation to a reduction of par value, which would be non-taxable for Dutch withholding tax purposes. We have purchased our shares and may seek to purchase additional shares in the future. Under our Dutch Advanced Tax Ruling, a purchase of shares should not result in any Dutch withholding tax if we hold the purchased shares in treasury for the purpose of issuing shares pursuant to employee share awards or for the funding of acquisitions. However, if the shares cannot be used for these purposes, or the Dutch tax authorities successfully challenge the use of the shares for these purposes, such a purchase of shares may be treated as a partial liquidation subject to the 15% Dutch withholding tax to be levied on the difference between our average paid in capital per share for Dutch tax purposes and the redemption price per share, if higher.
We may be treated as a passive foreign investment company for United States tax purposes, which may subject United States shareholders to adverse tax consequences.
If our passive income, or our assets that produce passive income, exceed levels provided by law for any taxable year, we may be characterized as a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes. If we are treated as a PFIC, U.S. holders of our ordinary shares would be subject to a disadvantageous United States federal income tax regime with respect to the distributions they receive and the gain, if any, they derive from the sale or other disposition of their ordinary shares.
We believe that we were not a PFIC for the tax year ended June 30, 2018 and we expect that we will not become a PFIC in the foreseeable future. However, whether we are treated as a PFIC depends on questions of fact as to our assets and revenues that can only be determined at the end of each tax year. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will not be treated as a PFIC in future years.
If a United States shareholder owns 10% or more of our ordinary shares, it may be subject to increased United States taxation under the “controlled foreign corporation” rules. Additionally, this may negatively impact the demand for our ordinary shares.
If a United States shareholder owns 10% or more of our ordinary shares, it may be subject to increased United States federal income taxation (and possibly state income taxation) under the “controlled foreign corporation” rules. In general, if a U.S. person owns (or is deemed to own) at least 10% of the voting power or value of a non-U.S. corporation, or “10% U.S. Shareholder,” and if such non-U.S. corporation is a “controlled foreign corporation,” or “CFC,” then such 10% U.S. Shareholder who owns (or is deemed to own) shares in the CFC on the last day of the CFC's taxable year must include in its gross income for United States federal income tax (and possibly state income tax) purposes its pro rata share of the CFC's “subpart F income,” even if the "subpart F income" is not distributed. In addition, a 10% U.S. shareholder's pro rata share of other income of a CFC, even if not distributed, might also need to be included in a 10% U.S. Shareholder’s gross income for United States federal income tax (and possibly state income tax) purposes under the “global intangible low-taxed income” or “GILTI” provisions of the U.S. tax law. In general, a non-U.S. corporation is considered a CFC if one or more 10% U.S. Shareholders together own more than 50% of the voting power or value of the corporation on any day during the taxable year of the corporation. “Subpart F income” consists of, among other things, certain types of dividends, interest, rents, royalties, gains, and certain types of income from services and personal property sales.
The rules for determining ownership for purposes of determining 10% U.S. Shareholder and CFC status are complicated, depend on the particular facts relating to each investor, and are not necessarily the same as the rules for determining beneficial ownership for SEC reporting purposes. For taxable years in which we are a CFC, each of our 10% U.S. Shareholders will be required to include in its gross income for United States federal income tax (and possibly state income tax) purposes its pro rata share of our "subpart F income," even if the subpart F income is not distributed by us, and might also be required to include its pro rata share of other income of ours, even if not distributed by us, under the GILTI provisions of the U.S. tax law. We currently do not believe we are a CFC. However, whether we are treated as a CFC can be affected by, among other things, facts as to our share ownership that may change. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will not be treated as a CFC in future years.
The risk of being subject to increased taxation as a CFC may deter our current shareholders from acquiring additional ordinary shares or new shareholders from establishing a position in our ordinary shares. Either of these scenarios could impact the demand for, and value of, our ordinary shares.
The ownership of our ordinary shares is highly concentrated, which could cause or exacerbate volatility in our share price.
Approximately 70% of our ordinary shares are held by our top 10 shareholders, and we may repurchase shares in the future, which could further increase the concentration of our share ownership. Because of this reduced liquidity, the trading of relatively small quantities of shares by our shareholders could disproportionately influence the price of those shares in either direction. The price for our shares could, for example, decline precipitously if a large number of our ordinary shares were sold on the market without commensurate demand, as compared to a company with greater trading liquidity that could better absorb those sales without adverse impact on its share price.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
We own real property including the following manufacturing operations that provide support across our businesses:
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• | A 582,000 square foot facility located near Windsor, Ontario, Canada that primarily services our Vistaprint business. |
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• | A 492,000 square foot facility located in Shelbyville, Tennessee, USA, that primarily services our National Pen business. |
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• | A 362,000 square foot facility located in Venlo, the Netherlands that primarily services our Vistaprint business. |
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• | A 130,000 square foot facility located in Kisarazu, Japan that primarily services our Vistaprint and National Pen businesses in the Japanese market. |
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• | A 124,000 square foot facility located in Deer Park, Australia that primarily services our Vistaprint business. |
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• | A 97,000 square feet, located near Montpellier, France that primarily services The Print Group businesses. |
As of June 30, 2019, a summary of our currently occupied leased spaces is as follows:
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Business Segment (1) | | Square Feet | | Type | | Lease Expirations |
Vistaprint | | 886,515 |
| | Technology development, marketing, customer service, manufacturing and administrative | | October 2019 - July 2026 |
PrintBrothers | | 299,506 |
| | Technology development, marketing, customer service, manufacturing and administrative | | December 2019 - December 2025 |
The Print Group | | 424,023 |
| | Technology development, marketing, customer service, manufacturing and administrative | | March 2020 - August 2024 |
National Pen | | 435,793 |
| | Marketing, customer service, manufacturing and administrative | | June 2020 -December 2027 |
All Other Businesses | | 546,501 |
| | Technology development, marketing, customer service, manufacturing and administrative | | December 2019 - July 2025 |
Other (2) | | 83,140 |
| | Corporate strategy and technology development | | July 2020 - June 2023 |
___________________
(1) Many of our leased properties are utilized by multiple business segments, but each have been assigned to the segment that occupies the majority of our leased space.
(2) Includes locations that are used exclusively for corporate or central function activities.
We believe that the total space available to us in the facilities we own or lease, and space that is obtainable by us on commercially reasonable terms, will meet our needs for the foreseeable future.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth in Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 17 — Commitments and Contingencies,” in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Report.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
PART II.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The ordinary shares of Cimpress N.V. are traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (the "NASDAQ") under the symbol “CMPR.” As of July 31, 2019, there were approximately 15 holders of record of our ordinary shares, although there is a much larger number of beneficial owners.
Dividends
We have never paid or declared any cash dividends on our ordinary shares, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On February 12, 2019, we announced that our Board had authorized the repurchase of up to 5,500,000 of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares on the open market (including block trades that satisfy the safe harbor provisions of Rule 10b-18 pursuant to the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934), through privately negotiated transactions, or in one or more self-tender offers. This share repurchase program expires on May 13, 2020, and we may suspend or discontinue our share repurchases at any time.
The following table outlines the purchase of our ordinary shares during the three months ended June 30, 2019 under the program described above:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total Number of Shares Purchased | | Average Price Paid Per Share (1) | | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Program | | Approximate Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Program |
April 1, 2019 through April 30, 2019 | — |
| | $ | — |
| | — |
| | 5,473,495 |
|
May 1, 2019 through May 31, 2019 | 216,564 |
| | 88.22 |
| | 216,564 |
| | 5,256,931 |
|
June 1, 2019 through June 30, 2019 | 110,952 |
| | 93.24 |
| | 110,952 |
| | 5,145,979 |
|
Total | 327,516 |
| | $ | 89.92 |
| | 327,516 |
| | 5,145,979 |
|
___________(1) Average price paid per share includes commissions paid.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total return to shareholders of Cimpress N.V. ordinary shares relative to the cumulative total returns of the NASDAQ Composite index and the Research Data Group (RDG) Internet Composite index. An investment of $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) is assumed to have been made in our ordinary shares and in each of the indexes on June 30, 2014 and the relative performance of each investment is tracked through June 30, 2019.
COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN
Among Cimpress N.V., the NASDAQ Composite Index
and the RDG Internet Composite Index
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended June 30, |
| 2014 | | 2015 | | 2016 | | 2017 | | 2018 | | 2019 |
Cimpress N.V. | $ | 100.00 |
| | $ | 208.01 |
| | $ | 228.57 |
| | $ | 233.64 |
| | $ | 358.28 |
| | $ | 224.64 |
|
NASDAQ Composite | 100.00 |
| | 114.44 |
| | 112.51 |
| | 144.35 |
| | 178.42 |
| | 192.30 |
|
RDG Internet Composite | 100.00 |
| | 107.64 |
| | 127.02 |
| | 178.10 |
| | 247.12 |
| | 245.90 |
|
The share price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future share price performance.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, the related notes and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this Report. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended June 30, |
| 2019 (a) | | 2018 (b) | | 2017 (c) | | 2016 (d) | | 2015 (e) |
| (In thousands, except share and per share data) |
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data: | | | | | | | |
| | |
|
Revenue | $ | 2,751,076 |
| | $ | 2,592,541 |
| | $ | 2,135,405 |
| | $ | 1,788,044 |
| | $ | 1,494,206 |
|
Net income (loss) attributable to Cimpress N.V. | 95,052 |
| | 43,733 |
| | (71,711 | ) | | 54,349 |
| | 92,212 |
|
Net income (loss) per share attributable to Cimpress N.V.: | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | $ | 3.09 |
| | $ | 1.41 |
| | $ | (2.29 | ) | | $ | 1.72 |
| | $ | 2.82 |
|
Diluted (f) | $ | 3.00 |
| | $ | 1.36 |
| | $ | (2.29 | ) | | $ | 1.64 |
| | $ | 2.73 |
|
Shares used in computing net income (loss) per share attributable to Cimpress N.V.: | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | 30,786,349 |
| | 30,948,081 |
| | 31,291,581 |
| | 31,656,234 |
| | 32,644,870 |
|
Diluted (f) | 31,662,705 |
| | 32,220,401 |
| | 31,291,581 |
| | 33,049,454 |
| | 33,816,498 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended June 30, |
| 2019 (a) | | 2018 (b) | | 2017 (c) | | 2016 (d) | | 2015 (e) |
| (In thousands) |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Data: | | | | | | | |
| | |
|
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 331,095 |
| | $ | 192,332 |
| | $ | 156,736 |
| | $ | 247,358 |
| | $ | 242,022 |
|
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (70,563 | ) | | (60,930 | ) | | (74,157 | ) | | (80,435 | ) | | (75,813 | ) |
Purchases of ordinary shares | (55,567 | ) | | (94,710 | ) | | (50,008 | ) | | (153,467 | ) | | — |
|
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (289,920 | ) | | (110 | ) | | (204,875 | ) | | (164,412 | ) | | (123,804 | ) |
Proceeds from the sale of subsidiaries, net of transaction costs and cash divested | — |
| | 93,779 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Net proceeds (payments) of debt and debt issuance costs | 190,182 |
| | (54,415 | ) | | 196,933 |
| | 167,316 |
| | 54,207 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Year Ended June 30, |
| 2019 (a) | | 2018 (b) | | 2017 (c) | | 2016 (d) | | 2015 (e) |
| (In thousands) |
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: | | | | | | | |
| | |
|
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities | $ | 35,279 |
| | $ | 44,227 |
| | $ | 25,697 |
| | $ | 85,319 |
| | $ | 110,494 |
|
Net current liabilities (g) | (280,449 | ) | | (241,728 | ) | | (203,482 | ) | | (135,095 | ) | | (89,580 | ) |
Total assets | 1,868,376 |
| | 1,652,217 |
| | 1,679,869 |
| | 1,463,869 |
| | 1,299,794 |
|
Total long-term debt, excluding current portion (h) | 942,290 |
| | 767,585 |
| | 847,730 |
| | 656,794 |
| | 493,039 |
|
Total shareholders’ equity | 131,812 |
| | 93,947 |
| | 75,212 |
| | 166,076 |
| | 249,419 |
|
___________________
(a) Includes the impact of our acquisitions of VIDA on July 2, 2018 and BuildASign on October 1, 2018. See Note 7 in our accompanying financial statements in this Report for a discussion of these acquisitions.
| |
(b) | Includes the Albumprinter results through the divestiture date of August 31, 2017. See Note 7 in our accompanying financial statements in this Report for a discussion of this divestiture. |
| |
(c) | Includes the impact of the acquisition of National Pen on December 30, 2016. See Note 7 in our accompanying financial statements in this Report for a discussion of this acquisition. During December 2016, we purchased the remaining noncontrolling interest of our Japan business from our joint business partner, Plaza Create Co. Ltd. |
(d) Includes the impact of the acquisitions of Litotipografia Alcione S.r.l. on July 29, 2015, Tradeprint Distribution Limited on July 31, 2015, and WIRmachenDRUCK GmbH on February 1, 2016.
During fiscal 2016, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-09 requiring the recognition of excess tax benefits as a component of income tax expense; these benefits were historically recognized in equity. As the standard required a prospective method of adoption, our fiscal 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016 net income includes $1.5 million, $12.8 million, $8.0 million and $3.5 million of income tax benefits, respectively, due to the adoption that did not occur in the prior comparable periods presented above.
(e) Includes the impact of the acquisitions of FotoKnudsen AS on July 1, 2014, FL Print SAS on April 9, 2015, Exagroup SAS on April 15, 2015 and druck.at Druck-und Handelsgesellschäft mbH on April 17, 2015, as well as our investment in Printi LLC on August 7, 2014.
(f) In the periods we report a net loss, the impact of share options, RSUs, and RSAs is not included as they are anti-dilutive.
(g) Many of our businesses have a cash conversion cycle that results in current liabilities being higher than current assets. Our net current liabilities (current assets minus current liabilities) have expanded over recent years as we have increased focus on net working capital improvements.
(h) On June 15, 2018, we completed a private placement of $400.0 million of 7.0% senior unsecured notes due 2026. The proceeds from the sale of the notes were used to repay our existing $275.0 million senior unsecured notes that were due 2022, a portion of our indebtedness outstanding under our senior secured credit facility and other related transaction fees. See Note 10 in our accompanying financial statements in this Report for additional discussion. Increases in long-term debt during the periods presented have largely been driven by the funding of acquisitions including those outlined in Note 7 in our accompanying financial statements and share repurchases. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The statements contained in this Report that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including but not limited to our statements about the anticipated growth, development and profitability of certain of our businesses, the size of our market and our ability to take advantage of the market opportunity, sufficiency of our tax reserves, sufficiency of our cash, legal proceedings, expected currency volatility, and our planned allocations of our capital and the anticipated effects of those allocations. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “may,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “designed,” “potential,” “continue,” “target,” “seek” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements included in this Report are based on information available to us up to, and including the date of this document, and we disclaim any obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain important factors, including those set forth in this “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Report. You should carefully review those factors and also carefully review the risks outlined in other documents that we file from time to time with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
Executive Overview
Cimpress is a strategically focused group of more than a dozen businesses that specialize in mass customization, via which we deliver large volumes of individually small-sized customized orders for a broad spectrum of print, signage, photo merchandise, invitations and announcements, writing instruments, packaging, apparel and other categories. We invest in and build customer-focused, entrepreneurial mass customization businesses for the long term, which we manage in a decentralized, autonomous manner. We drive competitive advantage across Cimpress through a select few shared strategic capabilities that have the greatest potential to create Cimpress-wide value. We limit all other central activities to only those which absolutely must be performed centrally.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, we revised our internal organizational and reporting structure resulting in changes to our Upload and Print reportable segment. Due to the organizational changes, our Upload and Print reportable segment was split into two separate operating and reportable segments, PrintBrothers and The Print Group. These changes in reporting structure are intended to position leaders closer to operations of the businesses, to lower costs, and to drive culture, priorities, technologies and incentives that improve customer and financial outcomes. We have revised our presentation of all prior periods presented to reflect our revised segment reporting.
As of June 30, 2019, we have numerous operating segments under our management reporting structure that are reported in the following five reportable segments: Vistaprint, PrintBrothers, The Print Group, National Pen, and All Other Businesses. Refer to Note 16 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information relating to our reportable segments and our segment financial measures.
In accordance with the SEC's recently issued disclosure simplification rules, we elected to exclude discussion of our fiscal 2018 financial performance as compared to our fiscal 2017 results unless we considered that information material for understanding our financial condition. Refer to our Form 10-K filed with the SEC on August 10, 2018 for discussion related to these periods.
Financial Summary
The primary financial metric by which we set quarterly and annual budgets both for individual businesses and Cimpress wide is our adjusted free cash flow before cash interest expense related to borrowing; however, in evaluating the financial condition and operating performance of our business, management considers a number of metrics including revenue growth, constant-currency revenue growth, operating income, adjusted net operating profit, cash flow from operations and adjusted free cash flow. A summary of these key financial metrics for the year ended June 30, 2019 as compared to the year ended June 30, 2018 follows:
Fiscal Year 2019
| |
• | Revenue increased by 6% to $2,751.1 million. |
| |
• | Consolidated constant-currency revenue increased by 9% and, excluding acquisitions and divestitures completed in the last four quarters, increased by 5%. |
| |
• | Operating income increased by $5.8 million to $163.6 million. |
| |
• | Adjusted net operating profit, or NOP (a non-GAAP financial measure), increased by $87.8 million to $253.2 million. |
| |
• | Cash provided by operating activities increased by $138.8 million to $331.1 million. |
| |
• | Adjusted free cash flow (a non-GAAP financial measure) increased by $72.3 million to $211.8 million. |
For our fiscal year 2019, the increase in reported revenue is primarily due to the addition of the revenue of our BuildASign business acquired on October 1, 2018, as well as continued growth in our Vistaprint, PrintBrothers, The Print Group and National Pen reportable segments. Currency exchange rate fluctuations negatively impacted revenue during the current fiscal year. Constant-currency revenue growth slowed in our Vistaprint business, primarily due to planned reductions in advertising spend while we rebuild our tools to ensure strong returns and improved customer conversion rates. Our National Pen business also reported lower constant-currency revenue growth relative to the prior year, due in part to strong growth in the prior year period, as well as a reduction in new customer prospecting activities during the second half of the fiscal year because the payback did not meet our expectations. The lower National Pen growth was also impacted by operational delays in the supply chain and lower response rates for direct-marketing mailings in the second quarter.
For the year ended June 30, 2019, operating income increased $5.8 million due to incremental profits generated from the revenue growth described above, as well as improved profitability in our Vistaprint business due to a reduction in advertising expense of $39.6 million during the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2019. The increase was also impacted by a decrease in share-based compensation expense of $28.8 million, primarily due to the reversal of expenses during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 that were previously recognized for our supplemental performance share units, or supplemental PSUs. The increase was partially offset by the prior year gain of $47.5 million on the sale of Albumprinter, which did not recur during the current year.
For the year ended June 30, 2019, adjusted NOP increased year-over-year primarily due to the same reasons as operating income mentioned above, as well as the addition of the profit from our BuildASign business acquired on October 1, 2018, which positively influenced adjusted NOP to a greater degree than operating income because adjusted NOP excludes acquisition-related amortization expense. Adjusted NOP excludes the prior year gain on the sale of Albumprinter, year-over-year impacts from lower restructuring charges, acquisition-related charges and the goodwill impairment charge recognized for our Printi business and includes realized gains or losses on our currency derivatives intended to hedge EBITDA. The net year-over-year impact of currency on adjusted NOP was positive for the year ended June 30, 2019.
For fiscal year 2020, the following items are expected to positively impact trends in our operating income: full year impact of Vistaprint advertising reductions versus a half year in fiscal year 2019, our plans to decrease investments for our early stage businesses, and reduced investment in National Pen. Increased investment in Vistaprint technology spend is expected to negatively impact trends in our operating income.
Consolidated Results of Operations
Consolidated Revenue
Our businesses generate revenue primarily from the sale and shipment of customized manufactured products. To a much lesser extent (and only in our Vistaprint business) we provide digital services, website design and hosting, and email marketing services, as well as a small percentage from order referral fees and other third-party offerings. For additional discussion relating to segment revenue results, refer to the "Reportable Segment Results" section included below.
Total revenue and revenue growth by reportable segment for the years ended June 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017 are shown in the following tables:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
In thousands | Year Ended June 30, | | | | Currency Impact: | | Constant- Currency | | Impact of Acquisitions/Divestitures: | | Constant- Currency Revenue Growth |
| 2019 | | 2018 | | % Change | | (Favorable)/Unfavorable | | Revenue Growth (1) | | (Favorable)/Unfavorable | | Excluding Acquisitions/Divestitures (2) |
Vistaprint | $ | 1,472,671 |
| | $ | 1,462,686 |
| | 1% | | 2% | | 3% | | —% | | 3% |
PrintBrothers | 443,987 |
| | 410,776 |
| | 8% | | 5% | | 13% | | —% | | 13% |
The Print Group | 325,872 |
| | 320,473 |
| | 2% | | 4% | | 6% | | —% | | 6% |
National Pen | 348,409 |
| | 333,266 |
| | 5% | | 2% | | 7% | | —% | | 7% |
All Other Businesses (3) | 185,052 |
| | 87,583 |
| | 111% | | 6% | | 117% | | (108)% | | 9% |
Inter-segment eliminations | (24,915 | ) | | (22,243 | ) | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenue | $ | 2,751,076 |
| | $ | 2,592,541 |
| | 6% | | 3% | | 9% | | (4)% | | 5% |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
In thousands | Year Ended June 30, | | | | Currency Impact: | | Constant- Currency | | Impact of Acquisitions/Divestitures: | | Constant- Currency Revenue Growth |
| 2018 | | 2017 | | % Change | | (Favorable)/Unfavorable | | Revenue Growth (1) | | (Favorable)/Unfavorable | | Excluding Acquisitions/Divestitures (2) |
Vistaprint | $ | 1,462,686 |
|
| $ | 1,310,975 |
|
| 12% |
| (3)% |
| 9% |
| —% |
| 9% |
PrintBrothers | 410,776 |
|
| 318,188 |
|
| 29% |
| (11)% |
| 18% |
| —% |
| 18% |
The Print Group | 320,473 |
|
| 270,425 |
|
| 19% |
| (10)% |
| 9% |
| —% |
| 9% |
National Pen | 333,266 |
|
| 112,712 |
|
| 196% |
| (6)% |
| 190% |
| (165)% |
| 25% |
All Other Businesses (3) | 87,583 |
|
| 128,795 |
|
| (32)% |
| —% |
| (32)% |
| 72% |
| 40% |
Inter-segment eliminations | (22,243 | ) |
| (5,690 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue | $ | 2,592,541 |
|
| $ | 2,135,405 |
|
| 21% |
| (4)% |
| 17% |
| (6)% |
| 11% |
_________________
(1) Constant-currency revenue growth, a non-GAAP financial measure, represents the change in total revenue, between current and prior year periods at constant-currency exchange rates by translating all non-U.S. dollar denominated revenue generated in the current period using the prior year period’s average exchange rate for each currency to the U.S. dollar. Our reportable segments-related growth is inclusive of inter-segment revenues, which are eliminated in our consolidated results.
(2) Constant-currency revenue growth excluding acquisitions/divestitures, a non-GAAP financial measure, excludes revenue results for businesses in the period in which there is no comparable year-over-year revenue. Revenue from our fiscal year 2019 acquisitions is excluded from fiscal year 2019 revenue growth for quarters with no comparable year-over-year revenue. For example, revenue from National Pen, which we acquired on December 30, 2016 in Q2 2017, is excluded from revenue growth in Q1 and Q2 of fiscal year 2018 since there are no full quarter results in the comparable periods, but revenue is included in revenue growth for Q3 and Q4 of fiscal year 2018. Our reportable segments-related growth is inclusive of inter-segment revenues, which are eliminated in our consolidated results.
(3) The All Other Businesses segment includes the revenue of the Albumprinter business until the sale completion date of August 31, 2017, VIDA revenue from its acquisition date of July 2, 2018, and BuildASign revenue from its acquisition date of October 1, 2018. Constant-currency revenue growth excluding acquisitions/divestitures, excludes the revenue results for VIDA and BuildASign since their acquisition dates and Albumprinter through the divestiture date.
We have provided these non-GAAP financial measures because we believe they provide meaningful information regarding our results on a consistent and comparable basis for the periods presented. Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures, in addition to GAAP
financial measures, to evaluate our operating results. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered supplemental to and not a substitute for our reported financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Consolidated Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue includes materials used by our businesses to manufacture their products, payroll and related expenses for production and design services personnel, depreciation of assets used in the production process and in support of digital marketing service offerings, shipping, handling and processing costs, third-party production costs, costs of free products and other related costs of products our businesses sell. Cost of revenue as a percent of revenue increased during the year ended June 30, 2019, compared to the prior year, primarily due to lower gross margins in our Vistaprint business, resulting from product mix that shifted to lower margin products, as well as decreased pricing resulting from higher discounting during the first half of the fiscal year. Several of our businesses also recognized increasing paper costs during these periods.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
In thousands | Year Ended June 30, |
| 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Cost of revenue | $ | 1,401,344 |
| | $ | 1,279,799 |
| | $ | 1,036,975 |
|
% of revenue | 50.9 | % | | 49.4 | % | | 48.6 | % |
For the year ended June 30, 2019, consolidated cost of revenue increased by $121.5 million partially due to the addition of cost of revenue of $54.8 million from our BuildASign business, which was acquired on October 1, 2018 and is therefore not included in the comparable periods. Vistaprint's cost of revenue increased by $28.4 million from the prior year, primarily due to changes in product mix and volume increases. The cost of revenue for our PrintBrothers businesses increased by $23.5 million primarily driven by revenue growth in our WIRmachenDRUCK business, partially offset by favorable currency impact. We also recognized an increase of $11.2 million of costs within our National Pen business primarily due to increased volume.
Consolidated Operating Expenses
The following table summarizes our comparative operating expenses for the following periods:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
In thousands | Year Ended June 30, |
| 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Technology and development expense | $ | 236,797 |
| | $ | 245,758 |
| | $ | 243,230 |
|
% of revenue | 8.6 | % | | 9.5 | % | | 11.4 | % |
Marketing and selling expense | $ | 713,863 |
| | $ | 714,654 |
| | $ | 610,932 |
|
% of revenue | 25.9 | % | | 27.6 | % | | 28.6 | % |
General and administrative expense | $ | 162,652 |
| | $ | 176,958 |
| | $ | 207,569 |
|
% of revenue | 5.9 | % | | 6.8 | % | | 9.7 | % |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | $ | 53,256 |
| | $ | 49,881 |
| | $ | 46,145 |
|
% of revenue | 1.9 | % | | 1.9 | % | | 2.2 | % |
Restructuring expense | $ | 12,054 |
| | $ | 15,236 |
| | $ | 26,700 |
|
% of revenue | 0.4 | % | | 0.6 | % | | 1.3 | % |
(Gain) on sale of subsidiaries | $ | — |
| | $ | (47,545 | ) | | $ | — |
|
% of revenue | — | % | | (1.8 | )% | | — | % |
Impairment of goodwill and acquired intangible assets | $ | 7,503 |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | 9,556 |
|
% of revenue | 0.3 | % | | — | % | | 0.4 | % |
Technology and development expense
Technology and development expense consists primarily of payroll and related expenses for employees engaged in software and manufacturing engineering, information technology operations and content development, as well as amortization of capitalized software and website development costs, including hosting of our websites, asset depreciation, patent amortization, and other technology infrastructure-related costs. Depreciation expense for information technology equipment that directly supports the delivery of our digital marketing services products is included in cost of revenue.
During the year ended June 30, 2019, technology and development expenses decreased by $9.0 million as compared to the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in share-based compensation costs of $6.8 million, which is due to the reversal of cumulative supplemental PSU expense during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 as the achievement of the performance condition is no longer probable. During the year ended June 30, 2019, we recognized lower expense as a result of cost savings realized in the Vistaprint business from our restructuring initiatives and a year-over-year decrease in costs of $1.6 million resulting from the divestiture of our Albumprinter business. This was partially offset by the addition of costs from our recent acquisition of BuildASign, which resulted in $2.2 million of costs during the year ended June 30, 2019.
Marketing and selling expense
Marketing and selling expense consists primarily of advertising and promotional costs; payroll and related expenses for our employees engaged in marketing, sales, customer support and public relations activities; direct-mail advertising costs; and third-party payment processing fees. Our Vistaprint, National Pen and BuildASign businesses have higher marketing and selling costs as a percentage of revenue, as compared to our PrintBrothers and The Print Group businesses.
Our marketing and selling expenses decreased by $0.8 million during the year ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the prior year, primarily due to the reduction of advertising spend in our Vistaprint business of $39.6 million as we seek to eliminate spend that does not meet our return thresholds. We also recognized a decrease in share-based compensation costs of $5.5 million, which is due to the reversal of cumulative supplemental PSU expense described above, as well as a year-over-year decrease in costs of $4.7 million resulting from the divestiture of our Albumprinter business. The decrease was offset by the addition of $32.9 million of advertising and customer care costs in our recently acquired BuildASign business during the year ended June 30, 2019. In addition, our National Pen business recognized an increase in costs of $18.1 million primarily due to increased customer prospecting activity during the first and second quarters of fiscal 2019.
General and administrative expense
General and administrative expense consists primarily of transaction costs, including third-party professional fees, insurance and payroll and related expenses of employees involved in executive management, finance, legal, strategy, human resources and procurement.
For the year ended June 30, 2019, general and administrative expenses decreased by $14.3 million as compared to the prior periods, primarily due to a decrease in share-based compensation costs of $18.6 million, which was largely due to the reversal of cumulative supplemental PSU expense described above. The decrease was partially offset by the addition of $6.4 million of costs from our recent acquisition of BuildASign during the year ended June 30, 2019. In addition, for the year ended June 30, 2019, we recognized increases in professional fees, primarily related to our fiscal 2019 acquisitions, as well as certain other strategic projects.
Amortization of acquired intangible assets
Amortization of acquired intangible assets consists of amortization expense associated with separately identifiable intangible assets capitalized as part of our acquisitions, including customer relationships, trade names, developed technologies, print networks, and customer and referral networks.
Amortization of acquired intangible assets increased by $3.4 million during the year ended June 30, 2019, as compared to the year ended June 30, 2018, due to the addition of amortization for our acquisition of BuildASign. This increase is partially offset by a reduction of amortization within our PrintBrothers and The Print Group reportable segments due to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized during the year ended June 30, 2019.
Restructuring expense
Restructuring expense consists of costs directly incurred as a result of restructuring initiatives, and includes employee-related termination costs, third party professional fees, facility exit costs and write-off of abandoned assets. During the year ended June 30, 2019, we recognized restructuring expense of $12.1 million primarily related to actions within our Vistaprint business. During the year ended June 30, 2018, we recognized $15.2 million of restructuring costs, primarily associated with actions within our Vistaprint business announced in November 2018.
Refer to Note 18 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information relating to the restructuring actions.
Gain on sale of subsidiaries
During the year ended June 30, 2018, we recognized a gain on the sale of our Albumprinter business of $47.5 million, net of transaction costs. The amount of our gain on the sale of Albumprinter was impacted by the partial allocation of goodwill to our Vistaprint business in past periods, as well as minimal carrying value of Albumprinter's acquired intangible assets at the time of the sale, as well as currency impacts.
Impairment of goodwill and acquired intangible assets
For the year ended June 30, 2019, we recognized a $7.5 million impairment charge related to our Printi reporting unit. The impairment was the result of Printi's underperformance during the recent period, combined with lower cash flow outlooks. Refer to Note 8 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional discussion.
Other Consolidated Results
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net generally consists of gains and losses from currency exchange rate fluctuations on transactions or balances denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our subsidiaries, as well as the realized and unrealized gains and losses on some of our derivative instruments. In evaluating our currency hedging programs and ability to qualify for hedge accounting in light of our legal entity cash flows, we considered the benefits of hedge accounting relative to the additional economic cost of trade execution and administrative burden. Based on this analysis, we decided to execute certain currency derivative contracts that do not qualify for hedge accounting.
The following table summarizes the components of other income (expense), net: |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
In thousands | Year Ended June 30, |
| 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Gains (losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | $ | 23,494 |
| | $ | (2,687 | ) | | $ | 936 |
|
Currency-related gains (losses), net | 2,506 |
| | (19,500 | ) | | 5,577 |
|
Other gains | 476 |
| | 1,155 |
| | 3,849 |
|
Total other income (expense), net | $ | 26,476 |
| | $ | (21,032 | ) | | $ | 10,362 |
|
During the year ended June 30, 2019, we recognized net gains of $26.5 million as compared to net losses of $21.0 million during the year ended June 30, 2018. The increase in other income (expense), net is primarily due to the currency exchange rate volatility impacting our derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments, in which our Euro and British Pound contracts are the most significant exposure that we economically hedge. We expect volatility to continue in future periods and we do not apply hedge accounting for most of our derivative currency contracts.
We also experienced currency-related gains due to currency exchange rate volatility on our non-functional currency intercompany relationships, primarily related to an intercompany loan that is denominated in Swiss Francs, which we may alter from time to time. The impact of certain cross-currency swap contracts designated as cash flow hedges is included in our currency-related gains (losses), net, offsetting the impact of certain non-functional currency intercompany relationships.
Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net primarily consists of interest paid on outstanding debt balances, amortization of debt issuance costs, interest related to capital lease obligations and realized gains (losses) on effective interest rate swap contracts and certain cross-currency swap contracts. As part of interest expense, net, we also recognize changes to the estimated future redemption value of our mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests.
Interest expense, net was $63.2 million and $53.0 million for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Interest expense was higher in fiscal 2019 relative to historical trends primarily as a result of higher debt levels, due to the acquisition of BuildASign, as well as higher interest rates, driven both by higher floating interest rates and the change in mix of our outstanding debt, which resulted from the refinancing of our senior unsecured notes during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018. Refer to Note 10 in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional details regarding our debt arrangements.
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
During fiscal year 2018, we redeemed all of our senior notes due 2022 and satisfied the indenture governing those senior notes using funds from the senior notes due 2026 that we issued on June 15, 2018. As a result of the redemption, we incurred a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $17.4 million, which included an early redemption premium for the senior notes due 2022 of $14.4 million and the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the redeemed notes of $3.0 million.
Income tax expense (benefit)
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
In thousands | Year Ended June 30, |
| 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 33,432 |
| | $ | 19,578 |
| | $ | (7,118 | ) |
Effective tax rate | 26.3 | % | | 29.5 | % | | 9.0 | % |
Income tax expense for the year ended June 30, 2019 was higher than the prior year primarily due to increased pre-tax earnings. We also had lower share based compensation tax benefits of $1.5 million as compared to $12.8 million in fiscal 2018. Offsetting the increase in income tax expense were "Patent Box" tax benefits of $4.3 million granted to our Pixartprinting business in Italy.
Our cash paid for income taxes for fiscal 2019 was lower than our income tax expense primarily as a result of U.S. tax benefits associated with the acquisition of BuildASign and the realization of tax benefits relating to certain timing differences that were recognized in our income tax expense in prior years.
We believe that our income tax reserves are adequately maintained by taking into consideration both the technical merits of our tax return positions and ongoing developments in our income tax audits. However, the final determination of our tax return positions, if audited, is uncertain and therefore there is a possibility that final resolution of these matters could have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows. Refer to Note 13 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional discussion.
Reportable Segment Results
Our segment financial performance is measured based on segment profit (loss) which excludes certain non-operational items including acquisition-related expenses, certain impairments and restructuring charges.
Vistaprint
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
In thousands | Year Ended June 30, | | | | |
| 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2019 vs. 2018 | | 2018 vs. 2017 |
Reported Revenue | $ | 1,472,671 |
| | $ | 1,462,686 |
| | $ | 1,310,975 |
| | 1% | | 12% |
Segment Profit | 275,323 |
| | 241,479 |
| | 167,687 |
| | 14% | | 44% |
% of revenue | 19 | % | | 17 | % | | 13 | % | | | | |
Segment Revenue
Vistaprint's reported revenue growth for the year ended June 30, 2019 was negatively affected by currency impacts of 2%, resulting in constant-currency growth of 3%. During the year ended June 30, 2019, revenue growth was driven by continued growth in repeat customer bookings, as well as continued growth in marketing materials, signage and promotional products. During the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2019, we reduced our advertising spend that we did not believe was meeting our return thresholds, which negatively impacted revenue growth during these quarters, particularly from new customers. Revenue growth was also negatively impacted by weakness in consumer products during the current fiscal year.
Segment Profitability
Vistaprint's segment profit increased for the year ended June 30, 2019 driven primarily by a year-over-year reduction to advertising spend of $39.6 million. Segment profit, which excludes the impacts of restructuring charges, also increased as a result of reductions to operating expenses, partially offset by the gross margin impact of changes in product mix. Some of the near-term operating expense savings will be temporary, as we recruit additional talent within Vistaprint's data, analytics and technology organizations, and we are not allocating the cost of executives to the Vistaprint business while these positions are filled by Cimpress executives on an interim basis, which resulted in $3.5 million of lower costs as compared to the prior fiscal year. The benefit to segment profit from the unallocated executive costs is entirely offset by additional costs for third-party consulting fees and recruiting costs. In the current fiscal year, Vistaprint's segment profit was negatively impacted by currency movements.
PrintBrothers
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
In thousands | Year Ended June 30, | | | | |
| 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2019 vs. 2018 | | 2018 vs. 2017 |
Reported Revenue | $ | 443,987 |
| | $ | 410,776 |
| | $ | 318,188 |
| | 8% | | 29% |
Segment Profit | 36,965 |
| | 33,890 |
| | 27,737 |
| | 9% | | 22% |
% of revenue | 8 | % | | 8 | % |
| 9 | % | | | | |
Segment Revenue
PrintBrothers' reported revenue growth for the year ended June 30, 2019 was negatively affected by currency impacts of 5%, resulting in constant-currency growth of 13%. The constant-currency revenue growth was primarily driven by continued growth from our WIRmachenDRUCK business. During the current period, we continued to experience increased price-focused and advertising competition in certain businesses and product lines that we have been experiencing in recent quarters.
Segment Profitability
PrintBrothers' segment profit increased during the year ended June 30, 2019, due to increased gross profit driven by revenue growth discussed above, partially offset by inflation in materials inputs such as paper, increased investments in technology intended to improve the customer value proposition of each business in increasingly competitive markets, pricing reductions in certain products in certain businesses, increased marketing costs due to higher paid search costs, and negative impacts from currency movements.
The Print Group
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
In thousands | Year Ended June 30, | | | | |
| 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | 2019 vs. 2018 | | 2018 vs. 2017 |
Reported Revenue | $ | 325,872 |
|
| $ | 320,473 |
|
| $ | 270,425 |
| | 2% | | 19% |
Segment Profit | 47,270 |
|
| 45,420 |
|
| 35,452 |
| | 4% | | 28% |
% of revenue | 15 | % | | |