<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0303</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2010-11-02</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001014669</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>STERLING CHEMICALS INC</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>SCHI</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001259927</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>LASRY MARC</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O AVENUE CAPITAL</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>399 PARK AVENUE, 6TH FL.</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>NEW YORK</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>NY</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>10022</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>1</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2010-11-02</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>S</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>11100</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>2.3874</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>393318</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>See Footnotes</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F3"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2010-11-02</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>S</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>3500</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>3.0357</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>389818</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>See Footnotes</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F3"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">The price reported in Column 4 is the weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions ranging from $2.00 to $2.50 inclusive. The Reporting Person undertakes to provide Sterling Chemicals, Inc., and any security holder of Sterling Chemicals, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exhcange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price with the ranges set forth in footnotes (1) and (2) to this Form 4.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">The price reported in Column 4 is the weighted average price. These shares were sold in multiple transactions ranging from $3.00 to $3.25 inclusive. The Reporting Person undertakes to provide Sterling Chemicals, Inc., and any security holder of Sterling Chemicals, Inc. or the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares sold at each separate price with the ranges set forth in footnotes (1) and (2) to this Form 4.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">The securities, the disposition of which, is reported in this Form 4 were held directly by Avenue Special Situations Fund II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (&quot;SSII&quot;). The reporting Person is (i) the Managing Member of Avenue Capital Management II GenPar, LLC, which is the general partner of Avenue Capital Management II, L.P., which is the registered investment adviser to SSII and (ii) the Managing Member of the Managing Member of the general partner of SSII.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F4">The Reporting Person is deemed to be the indirect beneficial owner of the securities, the disposition of which is reported in this Form 4, as well as of the securities reported as beneficially owned following the reported transaction, by reason of his ability to direct the vote and/or disposition of such securities, and his pecuniary interest in such securities (within the meaning of Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) was a fractional interest in such amount. The Reporting Person disclaims beneficial ownership of any and all such amounts in excess of such actual pecuniary interest.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Eric Ross as Attorney-in-Fact for Marc Lasry</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2010-11-03</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
