3. Financial Instruments

Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of money market funds and available-for-sale investments. The following three levels of inputs are used to measure the fair value of financial instruments:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available.

The fair values for substantially all of the Company’s financial assets are based on quoted prices in active markets or observable inputs. For Level 2 securities, the Company uses a third-party pricing service which provides documentation on an ongoing basis that includes, among other things, pricing information with respect to reference data, methodology, inputs summarized by asset class, pricing application and corroborative information.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The Company determines realized gains or losses on the sale of marketable securities on a specific identification method. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not record significant realized gains or losses on the sales of available-for-sale investments.

The following tables show the Company’s cash and available-for-sale investments’ adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category, recorded as cash and cash equivalents or short- or long-term investments as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):


	March 31, 2019
									Cash and
	Adjusted		Unrealized		Unrealized				Cash		Short-term		Long-term
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value		Equivalents		Investments		Investments

Cash	$	14,782	$	—	$	—	$	14,782	$	14,782	$	—	$	—

Level 1:
Money market funds		5,046		—		—		5,046		5,046		—		—
U.S. government notes		15,083		1		—		15,084		—		15,084		—
Subtotal		20,129		1		—		20,130		5,046		15,084		—

Level 2:
Corporate bonds		22,098		9		(5)		22,102		—		18,901		3,201
Commercial paper		14,804		—		—		14,804		—		14,804		—
Subtotal		36,902		9		(5)		36,906		—		33,705		3,201
Total	$	71,813	$	10	$	(5)	$	71,818	$	19,828	$	48,789	$	3,201


	December 31, 2018
									Cash and
	Adjusted		Unrealized		Unrealized				Cash		Short-term		Long-term
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value		Equivalents		Investments		Investments

Cash	$	30,501	$	—	$	—	$	30,501	$	30,501	$	—	$	—

Level 1:
Money market funds		6,903		—		—		6,903		6,903		—		—
U.S. government notes		10,420		—		(14)		10,406		—		10,406		—
Subtotal		17,323		—		(14)		17,309		6,903		10,406		—

Level 2:
Corporate bonds		21,612		1		(37)		21,576		—		21,576		—
Commercial paper		23,803		—		—		23,803		2,991		20,812		—
Subtotal		45,415		1		(37)		45,379		2,991		42,388		—
Total	$	93,239	$	1	$	(51)	$	93,189	$	40,395	$	52,794	$	—

As of March 31, 2019, the Company considers the declines in market value of its investment portfolio to be temporary in nature and does not consider any of its investments other-than-temporarily impaired. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not recognize any significant impairment charges. The Company invests in highly-rated securities, and its investment policy limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The policy requires investments to be investment grade, with the primary objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss. Fair values were determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. The maturities of the Company’s long-term investments range from one to two years. When evaluating an investment for other-than-temporary impairment the Company reviews factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below its cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, changes in market interest rates, and the Company’s intent to sell, as well as the fact it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of the investment’s cost basis, which may be maturity.

Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for restricted cash, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair value because of the short-term nature of the accounts.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company has foreign currency exposure related to the operations in Australia, Canada, the European Union, New Zealand, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, as well as other foreign locations. The Company has entered into forward contracts to help offset the exposure to movements in foreign currency exchange rates in relation to certain U.S. dollar denominated balance sheet accounts of its subsidiaries in the United Kingdom and Australia. The foreign currency derivatives are not designated as accounting hedges. The Company recognizes these derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The Company records changes in the fair value (i.e. gains or losses) of these derivative instruments in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations as other income (expense), net. Gains and losses on derivative instruments are included in operating activities in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.

The Company settles its foreign exchange contracts on the last day of every month and enters into a new forward contract for the next month. As a result, there are no assets or liabilities recorded in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets related to derivative instruments as of March 31, 2019.

The following table shows the pre-tax income (losses) of the Company’s derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments (in thousands):


		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
	Income Statement Location	2019		2018
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Other income (expense), net	$	(420)	$	(548)