Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes

The following table presents domestic and foreign components of (loss) income before income taxes for the periods presented: 

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2018			2019
	(in thousands)
United States	$	(117,715	)	$	(52,029	)	$	2,773
Foreign	540			50,584			2,759
Total (loss) income before income taxes	$	(117,175	)	$	(1,445	)	$	5,532

Components of Income Taxes Benefit and Expenses

The components of the (benefit) provision for income taxes consisted of the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2018			2019
Current:	(in thousands)
U.S. federal	$	319		$	(4,000	)	$	1,409
State	2,610			2,772			2,776
Foreign	2,597			5,420			3,025
Total current provision	5,526			4,192			7,210
Deferred:
U.S. federal	(36,854		)	(4,671		)	10,505
State	(3,243		)	236			(913		)
Foreign	9,377			10,435			(1,848		)
Change in valuation allowance	7,913			(16,438		)	2,925
Total deferred (benefit) provision	(22,807		)	(10,438		)	10,669
Total (benefit) provision	$	(17,281	)	$	(6,246	)	$	17,879

Reconciliation of Statutory Federal Rate

The following table presents a reconciliation of the Company's income tax (benefit) expense based on statutory income tax rates and the actual income tax (benefit) expense, for the periods presented:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2018			2019
	(in thousands)
U.S. federal taxes at statutory rate	$	(40,973	)	$	(303	)	$	582
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	(749		)	265			1,981
Non-deductible stock-based compensation	9,265			3,906			8,358
Goodwill related	—			—			4,242
Non-deductible transaction costs	—			1,538			—
Non-taxable loss on redemption of equity interest	—			9,230			—
Credits	(1,247		)	(5,659		)	(4,484		)
Foreign rate differential	(1,404		)	369			(484		)
Change in valuation allowance—U.S.	18,777			(5,199		)	985
Change in valuation allowance—foreign	(10,864		)	(11,239		)	1,940
Rate change	(8,809		)	694			30
Foreign attribute - write-off	9,261			—			—
Uncertain tax positions	1,129			2,195			1,367
Permanent differences and other	8,333			(2,043		)	3,362
Total (benefit) expense	$	(17,281	)	$	(6,246	)	$	17,879

Components of the Company's Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

The significant components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	As of December 31,
	2018			2019
	(in thousands)
Deferred income tax assets:
Net operating loss carry-forward	$	39,765		$	15,806
Credit carry-forward	33,526			37,373
Interest expense limitation carry-forward	14,711			28,131
Deferred compensation	179			134
Deferred revenue	3,752			—
Other reserves	2,549			—
Stock-based compensation	11,673			7,891
Operating lease	—			23,812
Other, net	977			—
Total deferred income tax assets	107,132			113,147
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Purchased intangible assets	(29,855		)	(11,049		)
Goodwill	(35,400		)	(43,075		)
Property and equipment	(11,183		)	(12,000		)
Operating lease	—			(21,729		)
Deferred revenue	—			(553		)
Other reserves	—			(736		)
Other	—			(962		)
Total deferred income tax liabilities	(76,438		)	(90,104		)
Valuation allowance	(47,151		)	(50,076		)
Net deferred income tax liabilities	$	(16,457	)	$	(27,033	)

Tax Attributes Available to be Carried Forward

As of December 31, 2019, the Company recorded the following tax attributes available to be carried forward:

Jurisdiction	Amount		Year Loss Carry-forwards Expire
	(in millions)
Domestic
Federal	$	26.9	2037
State	78.0		various dates through 2039
Foreign
China	0.9		2021
Brazil	4.4		indefinite
Netherlands	12.4		2022
India	0.6		2022
Singapore	0.4		indefinite
Total NOL carry-forwards	$	123.6
Domestic
Federal	$	25.2	2034
State	15.5		various dates
Total tax credit carry-forwards	$	40.7
Total tax attributes available	$	164.3

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

The following table presents a reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2017		2018		2019
	(in thousands)
Unrecognized tax benefits at the beginning of the year	$	—	$	1,129	$	4,381
Additions for tax positions of prior years	734		887		493
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	—		$	—	(1,057		)
Additions for tax positions of current year	395		2,365		881
Statute of limitation	—		—		(7		)
Unrecognized tax benefits at the end of the year	$	1,129	$	4,381	$	4,691