<ownershipDocument>
    <schemaVersion>X0201</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>
<periodOfReport>2003-12-31</periodOfReport>
<notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>
    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000874761</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>AES CORPORATION</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>aes</issuerTradingSymbol>
</issuer>
<reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001237640</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>LADER PHILIP</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O THE AES CORPORATION</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>1001 N. 19TH STREET</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>ARLINGTON</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>VA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>22209</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
            <reportingOwnerRelationship>
<isDirector>1</isDirector>
<isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
<isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
<isOther>0</isOther>
<officerTitle></officerTitle>
<otherText></otherText>
</reportingOwnerRelationship>
</reportingOwner>
<nonDerivativeTable></nonDerivativeTable>
<derivativeTable><derivativeTransaction><securityTitle><value>Units</value>
</securityTitle>
<conversionOrExercisePrice><value>0</value>
<footnoteId id="F1"></footnoteId>
</conversionOrExercisePrice>
<transactionDate><value>2003-12-31</value>
</transactionDate>
<deemedExecutionDate><value>2003-12-31</value>
</deemedExecutionDate>
<transactionCoding><transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
<transactionCode>A</transactionCode>
<equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
</transactionCoding>
<transactionAmounts><transactionShares><value>1008</value>
</transactionShares>
<transactionPricePerShare><value>8.432</value>
</transactionPricePerShare>
<transactionAcquiredDisposedCode><value>A</value>
</transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
</transactionAmounts>
<exerciseDate><value>1988-08-08</value>
<footnoteId id="F2"></footnoteId>
</exerciseDate>
<expirationDate><value>1988-08-08</value>
<footnoteId id="F2"></footnoteId>
</expirationDate>
<underlyingSecurity><underlyingSecurityTitle><value>Common Stock</value>
</underlyingSecurityTitle>
<underlyingSecurityShares><value>1008</value>
</underlyingSecurityShares>
</underlyingSecurity>
<postTransactionAmounts><sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction><value>4402</value>
</sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
</postTransactionAmounts>
<ownershipNature><directOrIndirectOwnership><value>I</value>
</directOrIndirectOwnership>
<natureOfOwnership><value>Deferred Director Units</value>
</natureOfOwnership>
</ownershipNature>
</derivativeTransaction>
</derivativeTable>
<footnotes><footnote id="F1">Regarding conversion of derivative security, units will convert to Common Stock on a one for one basis after the participant retires or resigns from the Board of Directors pursuant to The AES Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors.</footnote>
<footnote id="F2">Regarding exercise and expiration date, this date will depend on the retirement or resignation date of the participant from the Board of Directors.  Upon such date, the participant may convert units earned into stock and take a distribution.</footnote>
</footnotes>
<ownerSignature><signatureName>Leith Mann Attorney In Fact For Philip Lader</signatureName>
<signatureDate>2004-01-02</signatureDate>
</ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>

