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Stockholders' Equity and Equity Incentive Programs (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2013
Stock Option
 
Estimated Fair Value of All Employee Stock Options Using Black-Scholes Valuation Model

The fair values of option awards were estimated at each grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Black-Scholes model requires the input of assumptions, including the expected stock-price volatility and estimated option life. The expected volatilities utilized were based on the actual volatility of similar entities due to the limited history of the trading of the Company’s common stock since the initial public offering in February 2011. The expected lives of options granted were estimated using the Company’s historical and expected future exercise behavior. The risk-free interest rates utilized were based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at each grant date. No dividends were assumed in estimated option values. Assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model are presented below:

 

 

Three Months Ended
September 30,

 

 

Nine Months Ended
September 30,

 

Stock Options

2013

 

 

2012

 

 

2013

 

 

2012

 

Weighted-average expected term (years)

 

6.55

  

 

 

6.78

  

 

 

6.48

  

 

 

6.77

  

Weighted-average volatility

 

71

 

 

71

 

 

72

 

 

71

Risk-free interest rate

 

1.82-1.82

 

 

1.07-1.07

 

 

1.08-1.82

 

 

1.07-1.83

Expected dividends

 

0

 

 

0

 

 

0

 

 

0

 

Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs)
 
Estimated Fair Value of All Employee Stock Options Using Black-Scholes Valuation Model

The fair values of SAUs were estimated at each grant date using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The expected volatilities utilized were based on the actual volatility of similar entities. Vested SAUs first become exercisable upon the expiration of the lock-up period associated with the initial public offering. Therefore, the Company estimated the term of the SAUs based on an average of the weighted-average exercise period and the remaining contractual term. The risk-free interest rates utilized were based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at each grant date. No dividends were assumed in estimated option values. Assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model are presented below:

 

 

Three Months Ended
September 30,

 

 

Nine Months Ended
September 30,

 

Stock Appreciation Units

2013

 

 

2012

 

 

2013

 

 

2012

 

Weighted-average expected term (years)

 

1.92

  

 

 

3.10

  

 

 

2.29

  

 

 

3.27

  

Weighted-average volatility

 

52

 

 

65

 

 

57

 

 

68

Risk-free interest rate

 

0.15-0.66

 

 

0.30-0.57

 

 

0.14-0.66

 

 

0.30-1.04

Expected dividends

 

0

 

 

0

 

 

0

 

 

0

 

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 
Estimated Fair Value of All Employee Stock Options Using Black-Scholes Valuation Model

Employees purchased 262,860 shares in the first nine months of 2013 for $1.2 million and 257,335 shares in the first nine months of 2012 for $0.9 million under the ESPP. The value of the ESPP consists of: (1) the 15% discount on the purchase of the stock, (2) 85% of the call option and (3) 15% of the put option. The call option and put option were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The expected volatilities utilized were based on the actual volatility of similar entities. The expected term represents the period of time from the beginning of the offering period to the purchase date. The risk-free interest rates utilized were based on the U.S. Treasury yield in effect at each grant date. No dividends were assumed in estimated option values. Assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model are presented below:

 

 

Three months ended
September 30,

 

 

Nine months ended
September 30,

 

ESPP

2013

 

 

2012

 

 

2013

 

 

2012

 

Weighted-average expected term (years)

 

0.73

  

 

 

0.75

  

 

 

0.73

  

 

 

0.75

  

Weighted-average volatility

 

48

 

 

71

 

 

48

 

 

71

Risk-free interest rate

 

0.09-0.16

 

 

0.04-0.15

 

 

0.09-0.16

 

 

0.04-0.15

Expected dividends

 

0

 

 

0

 

 

0

 

 

0

 

Stock Based Compensation Expense
 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense Recorded

The Company’s stock-based compensation expense was recorded as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Three Months Ended
September 30,

 

  

Nine Months Ended
September 30,

 

(in thousands)

2013

 

  

2012

 

  

2013

 

  

2012

 

Cost of goods sold

$

471

  

  

$

228

  

  

$

845

  

  

$

553

  

Research and development

 

417

  

  

 

404

  

  

 

1,435

  

  

 

1,268

  

Sales and marketing

 

253

  

  

 

242

  

  

 

835

  

  

 

656

  

General and administrative

 

449

  

  

 

408

  

  

 

1,150

  

  

 

958

  

 

$

1,590

  

  

$

1,282

  

  

$

4,265

  

  

$

3,435