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Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements of NeoPhotonics Corporation (“NeoPhotonics” or the “Company”) as of March 31, 2021 and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, have been prepared in accordance with the instructions on Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In accordance with those rules and regulations, the Company has omitted certain information and notes normally provided in the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring items, except as otherwise noted, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the interim periods. These condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the entire fiscal year. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties
The Company operates in a dynamic industry and, accordingly, can be affected by a variety of factors. For example, any of the following areas could have a negative effect on the Company in terms of its future financial position, results of operations or cash flows: the general state of the U.S., China and world economies; the highly cyclical nature of the industries the Company serves; successful and timely completion of product design efforts; the ability of the Company to sell its new products into new market segments; trade restrictions by the United States against the Company's customers in China, as well as potential retaliatory trade actions taken by China; the loss of any of its larger customers; restrictions on the Company's ability to sell to foreign customers due to additional U.S. or new China trade laws, regulations and requirements; disruptions of the supply chain of components needed for its products; ability to obtain additional financing; inability to meet certain debt covenants; fundamental changes in the technology underlying the Company’s products; the hiring, training and retention of key employees; and new product design introductions by competitors. The inputs into the Company’s judgments and estimates consider the economic implications of the Covid-19 pandemic as the Company knows them, on its critical and significant accounting estimates. The extent to which the Covid-19 pandemic may impact its business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, such as the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions, governmental mandates issued to mitigate the spread of the disease, business closures, economic disruptions, and the effectiveness of actions taken to contain and treat the virus. Accordingly, future adverse developments with respect to the Covid-19 pandemic may have a negative impact on its sales, supply chain and results of operations. The inputs into the Company's judgments and estimates also consider the Department of Commerce Entities List restrictions on Huawei Technologies effective September 2020 for the Company and expected loss of business from Huawei Technologies. See also Note 7.
Concentration
In the three months ended March 31, 2021, four customers were each greater than 10% and the Company’s total revenue and the Company's top five customers represented approximately 80% of the Company’s total revenue. In the three months ended March 31, 2020, two customers were greater than 10% of the Company's total revenue. Huawei accounted for approximately 52% of the Company's total revenue, one other customer was greater than 10% and the Company’s top five customers represented approximately 85% of the Company’s total revenue.
As of March 31, 2021, four customers accounted for a total of 72% of the Company’s total accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2020, three customers accounted for a total of 65% of the Company’s total accounts receivable.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates made by management include: the useful lives and recoverability of long-lived assets; valuation allowances for deferred tax assets; valuation of excess and obsolete inventories; warranty reserves; litigation accrual and recognition of stock-based compensation, among others. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Long-lived Assets
The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the sum of the future net cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than its carrying amount. The estimated future cash flows are based upon, among other things, assumptions about expected future operating performance and may differ from actual cash flows.

Due to the additional restrictions imposed by the U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security ("BIS"), an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce, which became effective in September 2020, and the expected loss of business from Huawei, the
Company performed a recoverability test in the third and fourth quarters of 2020 and determined there was no impairment of long-lived assets.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, other current liabilities and operating lease liabilities on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt, net of current portion on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an estimate of its incremental borrowing rate based on observed market data and other information available at the lease commencement date. The operating lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made and exclude lease incentives. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. The Company does not record leases on the condensed consolidated balance sheet with a term of one year or less. The Company does not separate lease and non-lease components but rather account for each separate component as a single lease component for all underlying classes of assets. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred and are not included within the operating lease ROU asset and lease liability calculation. Variable lease payments primarily include reimbursements of costs incurred by lessors for common area maintenance and utilities. Lease expense for minimum operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU 2019-12), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes. This guidance became effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2021 and the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective 
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 amends existing guidance on the impairment of financial assets and adds an impairment model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses and requires an entity to recognize as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses for its financial assets. An entity will apply this guidance through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption (a modified-retrospective approach) while a prospective transition approach is required for debt securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment had been recognized before the effective date. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, according to which, the new standard is effective for smaller reporting companies (“SRC”) as defined by the SEC, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact and timing of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.