INVESTMENTS IN VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Impact on Balance Sheet of Consolidating Variable Interest Entities

The following table provides supplemental information about the assets and liabilities of the VIEs which have been consolidated (dollars in millions):


	December 31, 2022
	VIEs		Eliminations		Net effect on consolidated balance sheet
Assets:
Investments held by variable interest entities	$	1,077.6	$	—	$	1,077.6
Notes receivable of VIEs held by subsidiaries	—		(113.8)		(113.8)
Cash and cash equivalents held by variable interest entities	69.2		—		69.2
Accrued investment income	3.5		—		3.5
Income tax assets, net	19.6		—		19.6
Other assets	2.5		(.8)		1.7
Total assets	$	1,172.4	$	(114.6)	$	1,057.8
Liabilities:
Other liabilities	$	29.3	$	(2.4)	$	26.9
Borrowings related to variable interest entities	1,104.6		—		1,104.6
Notes payable of VIEs held by subsidiaries	126.1		(126.1)		—
Total liabilities	$	1,260.0	$	(128.5)	$	1,131.5


	December 31, 2021
	VIEs		Eliminations		Net effect on consolidated balance sheet
Assets:
Investments held by variable interest entities	$	1,199.6	$	—	$	1,199.6
Notes receivable of VIEs held by subsidiaries	—		(113.8)		(113.8)
Cash and cash equivalents held by variable interest entities	99.6		—		99.6
Accrued investment income	1.6		—		1.6
Income tax assets, net	8.4		—		8.4
Other assets	7.1		(.9)		6.2
Total assets	$	1,316.3	$	(114.7)	$	1,201.6
Liabilities:
Other liabilities	$	89.5	$	(4.3)	$	85.2
Borrowings related to variable interest entities	1,147.9		—		1,147.9
Notes payable of VIEs held by subsidiaries	126.1		(126.1)		—
Total liabilities	$	1,363.5	$	(130.4)	$	1,233.1

Supplemental Information, Revenues and Expenses of Variable Interest Entities

The following table provides supplemental information about the revenues and expenses of the VIEs which have been consolidated in accordance with authoritative guidance, after giving effect to the elimination of our investment in the VIEs and investment management fees earned by a subsidiary of the Company (dollars in millions):




	2022		2021		2020
Revenues:
Net investment income – policyholder and other special-purpose portfolios	$	60.1	$	45.6	$	52.7
Fee revenue and other income	5.3		5.2		5.1
Total revenues	65.4		50.8		57.8
Expenses:
Interest expense	41.0		23.2		32.4
Other operating expenses	2.0		1.2		1.4
Total expenses	43.0		24.4		33.8
Income before net investment gains (losses) and income taxes	22.4		26.4		24.0
Net investment gains (losses)	(8.1)		3.6		(13.8)

Income before income taxes	$	14.3	$	30.0	$	10.2

Summary of Changes in the Allowance for Current Expected Credit Losses Related to Investments Held by Vies

The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for credit losses related to fixed maturities, available for sale, for the three years ended December 31, 2022 (dollars in millions):


	Corporate securities		States and political subdivisions		Foreign governments		Asset-backed securities		Non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities		Total
Allowance at January 1, 2020	$	2.1	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2.1
Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	23.6		.7		.1		.3		1.0		25.7
Additions for purchased securities with deteriorated credit	—		—		—		—		—		—
Additions (reductions) for securities where an allowance was previously recorded	(22.3)		(.4)		(.1)		(.3)		(1.0)		(24.1)
Reduction for securities sold during the period	(1.5)		—		—		—		—		(1.5)
Reduction for securities for which the Company made the decision to sell where an allowance was previously recorded	—		—		—		—		—		—
Write-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries of previously written-off amount	—		—		—		—		—		—
Allowance at December 31, 2020	1.9		.3		—		—		—		2.2
Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	6.1		.1		.1		—		—		6.3
Additions for purchased securities with deteriorated credit	—		—		—		—		—		—
Additions (reductions) for securities where an allowance was previously recorded	.2		(.4)		.2		—		—		—
Reduction for securities sold during the period	(.8)		—		(.1)		—		—		(.9)
Reduction for securities for which the Company made the decision to sell where an allowance was previously recorded	—		—		—		—		—		—
Write-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries of previously written-off amount	—		—		—		—		—		—
Allowance at December 31, 2021	7.4		—		.2		—		—		7.6
Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	48.9		.7		.5		.3		—		50.4
Additions for purchased securities with deteriorated credit	—		—		—		—		—		—
Additions (reductions) for securities where an allowance was previously recorded	10.3		.3		(.3)		—		—		10.3
Reduction for securities sold during the period	(12.2)		(.1)		—		—		—		(12.3)
Reduction for securities for which the Company made the decision to sell where an allowance was previously recorded	—		—		—		—		—		—
Write-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries of previously written-off amount	—		—		—		—		—		—
Allowance at December 31, 2022	$	54.4	$	.9	$	.4	$	.3	$	—	$	56.0

The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for credit losses related to investments held by VIEs for the three years ended December 31, 2022 (dollars in millions):


	Corporate securities
Allowance at January 1, 2020	$	9.9
Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	26.6
Additions for purchased securities with deteriorated credit	—
Additions (reductions) for securities where an allowance was previously recorded	(15.7)
Reduction for securities sold during the period	(5.7)
Reduction for securities for which the Company made the decision to sell where an allowance was previously recorded	—
Write-offs	—
Recoveries of previously written-off amount	—
Allowance at December 31, 2020	15.1
Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	1.3
Additions for purchased securities with deteriorated credit	—
Additions (reductions) for securities where an allowance was previously recorded	(2.9)
Reduction for securities sold during the period	(9.8)
Reduction for securities for which the Company made the decision to sell where an allowance was previously recorded	—
Write-offs	—
Recoveries of previously written-off amount	—
Allowance at December 31, 2021	3.7
Additions for securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	7.8
Additions for purchased securities with deteriorated credit	—
Additions (reductions) for securities where an allowance was previously recorded	(3.0)
Reduction for securities sold during the period	(3.0)
Reduction for securities for which the Company made the decision to sell where an allowance was previously recorded	—
Write-offs	—
Recoveries of previously written-off amount	—
Allowance at December 31, 2022	$	5.5

Summary of Variable Interest Entities by Contractual Maturity

The following table sets forth the amortized cost and estimated fair value of the investments held by the VIEs at December 31, 2022, by contractual maturity. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.


	Amortized cost		Estimated fair value
	(Dollars in millions)
Due in one year or less	$	11.4	$	9.4
Due after one year through five years	732.9		699.0
Due after five years through ten years	389.9		369.2
Total	$	1,134.2	$	1,077.6

The following table sets forth the amortized cost and estimated fair value of those investments held by the VIEs with unrealized losses at December 31, 2022, by contractual maturity. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.


	Amortized cost		Estimated fair value
	(Dollars in millions)
Due in one year or less	$	7.9	$	5.9
Due after one year through five years	676.5		641.9
Due after five years through ten years	370.3		349.3
Total	$	1,054.7	$	997.1

Summary of the Investments Sold at a Loss during 2022 Which had been Continuously in an Unrealized Loss Position

The following summarizes the investments sold at a loss during 2022 which had been continuously in an unrealized loss position exceeding 20 percent of the amortized cost basis prior to the sale for the period indicated (dollars in millions):


		At date of sale
	Number of issuers	Amortized cost		Fair value
Less than 6 months prior to sale	21	$	85.6	$	51.8
Greater than or equal to 6 months and less than 12 months prior to sale	3	6.1		4.2

		$	91.7	$	56.0

The following summarizes the investments in our portfolio rated below-investment grade not deemed to have credit losses which have been continuously in an unrealized loss position exceeding 20 percent of the cost basis for the period indicated as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in millions):


	Number of issuers	Cost basis		Unrealized loss		Estimated fair value
Less than 6 months	6	$	47.5	$	(11.1)	$	36.4
Greater than or equal to 6 months and less than 12 months	5	33.6		(10.3)		23.3

Total		$	81.1	$	(21.4)	$	59.7


		At date of sale
	Number of issuers	Amortized cost		Fair value
Less than 6 months prior to sale	3	$	7.0	$	3.9
Greater than or equal to 6 months and less than 12 months prior to sale	2	1.7		.6

		$	8.7	$	4.5

The following summarizes the investments held by the VIEs rated below-investment grade not deemed to have credit losses which have been continuously in an unrealized loss position exceeding 20 percent of the cost basis for the period indicated as of December 31, 2022 (dollars in millions):


	Number of issuers	Cost basis		Unrealized loss		Estimated fair value
Less than 6 months	5	$	13.2	$	(3.9)	$	9.3

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

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