Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Income Before Income Taxes

The components of income before income taxes were as follows: 

	2022		2021		2020
U.S.	$	295	$	143	$	97
Foreign	761		(562)		628
	$	1,056	$	(419)	$	725

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes consisted of the following: 

	2022		2021		2020
Current tax:
U.S. federal	$	18	$	2	$	—
State and foreign	190		239		161
	$	208	$	241	$	161
Deferred tax:
U.S. federal	$	46	$	46	$	38
State and foreign	(11)		(344)		—
	35		(298)		38
Total	$	243	$	(57)	$	199

Schedule of U.S. Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate to Pre-tax Income

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income as a result of the following items:

	2022		2021		2020
U.S. statutory rate at 21%	$	222	$	(88)	$	152
Tax on foreign income	(25)		(29)		27
Valuation allowance changes	33		26		(11)
State taxes	(2)		9		5
U.S. taxes on foreign income, net of credits	1		13		14
Tax contingencies	7		8		1
Tax law changes	2		(8)		4
Other items, net	5		12		7
Income tax provision / (benefit)	$	243	$	(57)	$	199

Components of Deferred Taxes

The components of deferred taxes at December 31 were:

	2022				2021
	Assets		Liabilities		Assets		Liabilities
Tax carryforwards	$	271	$	—	$	346	$	—
Intangible assets	—		298		—		317
Property, plant and equipment	15		225		21		176
Pensions	87		20		105		13
Accruals and other	105		103		96		109
Asbestos	53		—		56		—
Postretirement and postemployment benefits	25		—		31		—
Lease liabilities	32		—		29		—
Right of use assets	—		30		—		28
Valuation allowances	(173)		—		(227)		—
Total	$	415	$	676	$	457	$	643

Schedule of Tax Loss and Credit Carryforwards Expiration

Tax carryforwards expire as follows:

Year	Amount
2023	$	6
2024	6
2025	16
2026	17
2027	10
Thereafter	92
Unlimited	124

Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits follows:

	2022		2021		2020
Balance at January 1	$	48	$	42	$	39
Additions for prior year tax positions	7		9		1
Lapse of statute of limitations	(1)		(1)		—
Settlements	(6)		—		—
Foreign currency translation	(2)		(2)		2
Balance at December 31	$	46	$	48	$	42