Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Income Before Income Taxes

The components of income before income taxes were as follows:

	2017		2016			2015
U.S.	$	10	$	(3	)	$	18
Foreign	819		772			621
	$	829	$	769		$	639

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes consisted of the following:

	2017		2016			2015
Current tax:
U.S. federal	$	—	$	(1	)	$	6
State and foreign	154		171			147
	$	154	$	170		$	153
Deferred tax:
U.S. federal	$	217	$	19		$	12
State and foreign	30		(3		)	13
	247		16			25
Total	$	401	$	186		$	178

Schedule of U.S. Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate to Pre-tax Income

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income as a result of the following items:

	2017			2016			2015
U.S. statutory rate at 35%	$	290		$	269		$	224
Tax on foreign income	(81		)	(88		)	(74		)
Valuation allowance	9			(14		)	21
Tax contingencies	6			11			13
Tax law changes	174			3			4
Other items, net	3			5			(10		)
Income tax provision	$	401		$	186		$	178

Components of Deferred Taxes

The components of deferred taxes at December 31 are:

	2017					2016
	Assets			Liabilities		Assets			Liabilities
Tax loss and credit carryforwards	$	503		$	—	$	480		$	—
Postretirement and postemployment benefits	43			—		63			—
Pensions	185			105		220			62
Property, plant and equipment	18			151		17			150
Intangible assets	—			128		—			128
Deemed repatriation tax	—			57		—			—
Asbestos	74			—		128			—
Accruals and other	87			44		125			78
Valuation allowances	(228		)	—		(225		)	—
Total	$	682		$	485	$	808		$	418

Schedule of Tax Loss and Credit Carryforwards Expiration

Tax loss and credit carryforwards expire as follows:

Year	Amount
2018	$	15
2019	17
2020	30
2021	37
2022	166
Thereafter	151
Unlimited	87

Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits follows:

	2017			2016			2015
Balance at January 1	$	27		$	28		$	26
Additions for prior year tax positions	6			13			13
Reductions to prior period tax positions	(2		)	—			—
Lapse of statute of limitations	—			(2		)	—
Settlements	(4		)	(12		)	(9		)
Foreign currency translation	2			—			(2		)
Balance at December 31	$	29		$	27		$	28