<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>
    <schemaVersion>X0201</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType><periodOfReport>2003-09-30</periodOfReport>
    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000861819</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>NUEVO ENERGY CO</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>NEV</issuerTradingSymbol></issuer><reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001216484</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>CLARK JANET F</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>1021 MAIN STREET, SUITE 2100</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>HOUSTON</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>TX</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>77002</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
            <reportingOwnerRelationship>
<isDirector>0</isDirector><isOfficer>1</isOfficer><isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner><isOther>0</isOther><officerTitle>Senior Vice President</officerTitle></reportingOwnerRelationship></reportingOwner><derivativeTable><derivativeTransaction><securityTitle><value>Phantom Stock Units</value></securityTitle><conversionOrExercisePrice><value>0</value><footnoteId id="F1"/></conversionOrExercisePrice><transactionDate><value>2003-09-30</value></transactionDate><transactionCoding><transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType><transactionCode>A</transactionCode><equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved></transactionCoding><transactionAmounts><transactionShares><value>232.08</value></transactionShares><transactionPricePerShare><value>15.43</value><footnoteId id="F3"/></transactionPricePerShare><transactionAcquiredDisposedCode><value>A</value></transactionAcquiredDisposedCode></transactionAmounts><exerciseDate><value>1988-08-08</value><footnoteId id="F2"/></exerciseDate><expirationDate><value>1988-08-08</value><footnoteId id="F2"/></expirationDate><underlyingSecurity><underlyingSecurityTitle><value>Common Stock</value><footnoteId id="F2"/></underlyingSecurityTitle><underlyingSecurityShares><value>232.08</value></underlyingSecurityShares></underlyingSecurity><postTransactionAmounts><sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction><value>8503.68</value></sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction></postTransactionAmounts><ownershipNature><directOrIndirectOwnership><value>D</value></directOrIndirectOwnership><natureOfOwnership><value/></natureOfOwnership></ownershipNature></derivativeTransaction></derivativeTable><footnotes><footnote id="F1">Exercise is on a 1 for 1 basis</footnote><footnote id="F2">The Phantom Stock Units are accrued under the Nuevo Energy Company Deferred Compensation Plan.  The Phantom Stock Units are settled in the Issuer's common stock upon the retirement or other termination of employment or earlier withdrawal of Phantom Stock Units by the Reporting Person.</footnote><footnote id="F3">Phantom Stock Units (other than those received through the Issuer's matching program, which accrue at 100% of the fair market value of the Issuer's common stock on the transaction date) accrue under the Deferred Compensation Plan at 85% of the fair market value of the Issuer's common stock on the transaction date (based on the average of the high and low sales price of the Issuer's common stock on the New York Stock Exchange).</footnote></footnotes><remarks/><ownerSignature><signatureName>Timothy J. Neumann, as Attorney-in-Fact</signatureName><signatureDate>2003-10-02</signatureDate></ownerSignature></ownershipDocument>

