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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Related Party Transactions
A member of the Company’s Board of Directors, Mr. Charles Davis, is the Chief Executive Officer of Stone Point Capital, LLC ("Stone Point"). In the ordinary course of business, the Company engages SKY Harbor Capital Management, LLC, an affiliate of Stone Point, to provide asset management services for certain short duration high yield debt portfolios. For the year ended December 31, 2018, total fees paid to SKY Harbor Capital Management, LLC, were $2 million (2017: $2 million; 2016: $3 million).
The Company has invested $18 million in NXT Capital Senior Loan Fund II and $20 million in NXT Capital Senior Loan Fund III. The manager of these funds is an indirect subsidiary of NXT Capital Inc. ("NXT Capital"). Investment funds managed by Stone Point indirectly owned approximately 43% of NXT Capital until this ownership interest was sold in August 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2018, fees paid to NXT Capital were $1 million (2017: $1 million; 2016: $1 million).
In addition, the Company has invested $50 million in the Freedom Consumer Credit Fund, LLC Series B. The manager of this fund is Freedom Financial Asset Management, LLC ("Freedom") which is an indirect subsidiary of Pantheon Partners, LLC ("Pantheon"). Investment funds managed by Stone Point own approximately 14.5% of Pantheon. For the year ended December 31, 2018, fees paid to Freedom were $2 million (2017: $1 million).
The Company's Chairman, Mr. Butt received consulting fees for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $0.5 million (2017: $0.5 million; 2016: $0.6 million) pursuant to the terms of a consulting agreement by and between Mr. Butt and the Company dated May 3, 2012, as amended. The consulting agreement was further amended on December 5, 2018 to extend the term of the agreement to the Company's 2019 Annual General Meeting for an annual fee of $0.5 million.

The Company's investment portfolio includes certain investments where it is considered to have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist where the Company has an investment of 20% or more in the common stock of a corporation or an investment of 3% or more in closed end funds, limited partnerships, LLCs or similar investment vehicles. At December 31, 2018, the Company has $450 million (2017: $451 million) of investments where it is deemed to have the ability to exercise such significant influence. The Company generally pays management and performance fees to the investment managers of these investments. The Company considers all fees paid to the investment managers to be at market rates consistent with negotiated arms-length contracts.

Harrington and Harrington Re commenced operations in 2016 (refer to Note 6 'Investments'). AXIS Capital has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Harrington and Harrington Re. In the normal course of business, the Company entered into certain reinsurance transactions with Harrington Re. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company ceded reinsurance premiums of $194 million (2017: $213 million) and ceded losses of $142 million (2017: $119 million) to Harrington Re. In addition, Harrington Re paid certain acquisition costs and administrative fees to the Company. At December 31, 2018, the amount of reinsurance recoverable on unpaid and paid losses was $363 million (2017: $152 million) and the amount of ceded reinsurance payable included in insurance and reinsurance balances payable was $115 million (2017: $142 million) in the consolidated balance sheets. All transactions were conducted at market rates consistent with negotiated arms-length contracts.

On November 5, 2013, the Company formed Ventures Re, a Bermuda domiciled insurer. With effect from January 1, 2015, Ventures Re is no longer consolidated in the financial statements of the Company. All of Ventures Re's directors are employees of the Company. In the normal course of business, the Company enters into certain reinsurance contracts with Ventures Re. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company ceded premiums of $182 million (2017: $107 million) and ceded losses of $138 million (2017: $126 million) to Ventures Re. In addition, Ventures Re paid certain acquisition costs and administrative fees to the Company. At December 31, 2018, the amount of reinsurance recoverable on unpaid and paid losses was $186 million (2017: $131 million) and the amount of ceded reinsurance payable included in insurance and reinsurance balances payable was $67 million (2017: $17 million) in the consolidated balance sheets. All transactions were conducted at market rates consistent with negotiated arms-length contracts.