Description of Business and Organization

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of Business and Organization

1. Description of Business and Organization

Description of Business

SPI Energy Co., Ltd. (“SPI Energy” or the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (collectively the “Group”) is engaged in the provision of photovoltaic (“PV”), roofing and solar energy systems installation, and electric vehicle (“EV”) solutions for business, residential, government and utility customers and investors. The Group develops solar PV projects which are either sold to third party operators or owned and operated by the Group for selling of electricity to the grid in multiple countries in Asia, North America and Europe. In Australia, the Group primarily sells solar PV components to retail customers and solar project developers. The Group started to engage in sales and leasing of new zero-emission EVs in U.S. from 2020 and engage in roofing and solar energy systems installation in U.S. from 2021. The Group also started to assemble solar modules for sale in U.S. in 2022.

Organization

The major subsidiaries of the Group as of December 31, 2022 are summarized as below:

Major Subsidiaries	Abbreviation	Location
SolarJuice Co., Ltd	SolarJuice	Cayman
Solar Juice Pty Ltd.	SJ Australia	Australia
Solarjuice American Inc.	SJ US	United States
Solar4america Technology Inc. (formerly, Solarjuice Technology Inc.)	SJT	United States
Italsolar S.r.l.	SPI Italy	Italy
SPI Solar Japan G.K.	SPI Japan	Japan
Solar Power Inc UK Service Limited	SPI UK	United Kingdom
SPI Solar Inc.	SPI US	United States
Heliostixio S.A.	Heliostixio	Greece
Heliohrisi S.A.	Heliohrisi	Greece
Thermi Sun S.A.	Thermi Sun	Greece
Edisonfuture Inc.	Edisonfuture	United States
Phoenix Motor Inc.	Phoenix	United States

On January 1, 2017, the Group deconsolidated one of the major subsidiaries, Sinsin Renewable Investment Limited (“Sinsin”) due to loss of control and recognized the investment in Sinsin at the carrying amount of $69,606. Both the Group and the former shareholders of Sinsin, Sinsin Europe Solar Asset Limited Partnership and Sinsin Solar Capital Limited Partnership (collectively, the “Sinsin Group”), failed to fulfill the obligation under the share sale and purchase agreement of Sinsin, which led to that both parties filed petitions to each other. The petitions directly affected the Group’s ability to effectively control Sinsin and make any direct management decisions or have any direct impact on Sinsin’s polices, operations or assets without the agreement of Sinsin Group. On October 29, 2020, an arbitration decision was made in Malta that the Group will need to pay the unpaid consideration of EUR 38,054, together with interest at 6% accruing from November 20, 2015 on half of the unpaid consideration and from June 30, 2016 on the remaining half of the unpaid consideration to the date of eventual payment. The Group filed an application for appeals but was turned down by the court of Malta on November 12, 2021. The Group furtherly filed an application of retrial and suspension of the enforcement of the awards but was rejected by the court of Malta on March 30, 2022. On November 2, 2022, Sinsin filed an action to confirm these arbitral awards pursuant to the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of June 10, 1958 (“New York Convention”) as implemented by the Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) before U.S. District Court Eastern District of California, and the management is in progress of negotiation with Sinsin to achieve a settlement to suspend the enforcement of the arbitration decision (Note 22(b)). As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, investment in Sinsin was $69,606, and there was no impairment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. Consideration payable, including accrued interest and litigation fees payable, was $61,617 and $61,219 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The interest expense accrued on the unpaid consideration was $2,843 and $2,702 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

On June 10, 2022, Phoenix Motor Inc. (“Phoenix”), the parent company of Phoenix Cars LLC and Phoenix Motorcars Leasing LLC, completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) and Phoenix’s shares have been listed on NASDAQ under the stock code “PEV” (“Phoenix IPO”). Phoenix issued 2,100,000 ordinary shares at $7.5 per share. Net proceeds from the Phoenix IPO after deducting underwriting commissions, share issuance costs and offering expenses amounted to $13,438.