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Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Details)			1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 09, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jan. 21, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Nov. 30, 2017 TargetAntigen	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2020 $ / shares shares
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Rent expense incurred under operating lease \| $				$ 44,000	$ 42,000	$ 131,000	$ 126,000
Revenue \| $				$ 50,000	$ 625,000	900,000	625,000
Gross proceeds from issuance of common stock \| $						$ 32,848,000	$ 17,000,000
Common stock, shares issued				30,801,962		30,801,962		22,388,027
Common stock, par value \| $ / shares				$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
VX3
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Partners capital account shares issuable upon exchange of units						1,180,051
Vaccinex Products LP
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Partners capital account shares issuable upon exchange of units						967,983
Dr. Maurice Zauderer
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from issuance of common stock \| $		$ 4,999,999
Common stock, shares issued		982,318
Chief Executive Officer
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from issuance of common stock \| $		$ 499,996
Common stock, shares issued		98,231
Board of Directors
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from issuance of common stock \| $		$ 199,996
Common stock, shares issued		39,292
Common Stock \| VX3
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Limited partnership interests exchanged						1,318,797
Common Stock \| Vaccinex Products LP
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Limited partnership interests exchanged						1,147,259	18,565
Stock Purchase Agreement
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Sale of stock, transaction date		Jan. 21, 2020
Stock Purchase Agreement \| Common Stock
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Aggregate number of shares issued		1,468,563
Shares issued, price per share \| $ / shares		$ 5.09
Gross proceeds from issuance of common stock \| $		$ 7,500,000
July 2020 Stock Purchase Agreement \| Friedberg Global-Macro Hedge Fund, Ltd
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Sale of stock, transaction date	Jul. 09, 2020
July 2020 Stock Purchase Agreement \| Common Stock \| Friedberg Global-Macro Hedge Fund, Ltd
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Aggregate number of shares issued	1,126,760
Shares issued, price per share \| $ / shares	$ 3.55
Gross proceeds from issuance of common stock \| $	$ 4,000,000.0
Surface Oncology, Inc.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of target antigens against which antibodies are to be identified and selected \| TargetAntigen			2
Revenue \| $				$ 50,000		$ 900,000