10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
	SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

or

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
	SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission File Number: 001-33810

 

AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	01-0724376
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
111 West Congress Street, Charles Town, West Virginia	25414
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(304) 724-3700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value	APEI	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The total number of shares of common stock outstanding as of May 5, 2023 was 17,718,641.

AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION, INC.

FORM 10-Q

INDEX

	Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.     Financial Statements	3
Item 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	36
Item 4.     Controls and Procedures	37
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.     Legal Proceedings	37
Item 1A.  Risk Factors	37
Item 2.     Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	39
Item 3.     Defaults Upon Senior Securities	39
Item 4.     Mine Safety Disclosures	39
Item 5.     Other Information	40
Item 6.     Exhibits	40
SIGNATURES	41

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
ASSETS	(Unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (Note 2)	$	136,161	$	129,458
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $14,068 in 2023 and $13,328 in 2022	37,073		42,353
Prepaid expenses	17,434		11,409
Income tax receivable	5,189		2,871
Total current assets	195,857		186,091
Property and equipment, net	100,285		100,892
Operating lease assets, net	108,048		108,870
Deferred income taxes	34,667		35,355
Goodwill	112,593		112,593
Intangible assets, net	50,790		54,734
Other assets, net	16,282		16,521
Total assets	$	618,522	$	615,056
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	6,797	$	3,808
Accrued compensation and benefits	16,363		15,010
Accrued liabilities	13,783		13,784
Deferred revenue and student deposits	28,866		23,760
Lease liabilities, current	13,517		14,396
Total current liabilities	79,326		70,758
Lease liabilities, long-term	102,726		101,420
Long-term debt, net	93,557		93,151
Total liabilities	275,609		265,329
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 400 shares issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022, respectively. ($151,905 and $155,587 liquidation preference per share, $60,762 and $62,235 in aggregate, for 2023 and 2022, respectively) (Note 12)	39,691		39,691
Common stock, $.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 18,978,406 issued and outstanding in 2023; 18,892,791 issued and outstanding in 2022	190		189
Additional paid-in capital	294,082		292,854
Accumulated other comprehensive income	2,627		3,102
Retained earnings	6,323		13,891
Total stockholders’ equity	342,913		349,727
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	618,522	$	615,056

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Income

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Revenue	$	149,689	$	154,747
Costs and expenses:
Instructional costs and services	73,889		71,698
Selling and promotional	39,924		39,319
General and administrative	33,489		29,589
Loss on disposals of long-lived assets	1		793
Depreciation and amortization	7,756		8,148
Total costs and expenses	155,059		149,547
(Loss) income from operations before interest and income taxes	(5,370)		5,200
Gain on acquisition (Note 3)	—		4,533
Interest expense	(1,779)		(3,355)
(Loss) income before income taxes	(7,149)		6,378
Income tax (benefit) expense	(1,414)		1,040
Equity investment loss	(5)		(5)
Net (loss) income	$	(5,740)	$	5,333
Preferred stock dividends	1,457		—
Net (loss) income available to common stockholders	$	(7,197)	$	5,333
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	(0.38)	$	0.28
Diluted	$	(0.38)	$	0.28
Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic	18,982		18,805
Diluted	19,072		18,879

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Net (loss) income	$	(5,740)	$	5,333
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Unrealized (loss) gain on hedging derivatives	(28)		1,761
Tax effect	6		(437)
Unrealized gains (losses) on hedging derivatives, net of taxes	(22)		1,324
Reclassification of (gains) losses to net income	(602)		—
Tax effect	149		—
Reclassifications of (gains) losses to net income, net of taxes	(453)		—
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(475)		1,324
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(6,215)	$	6,657

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

							Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)		Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Preferred Stock			Common Stock
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2021	—	$	—	18,709,171	$	187	$	286,385	$	108	$	128,932	$	415,612
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans	—	—		218,512	3		(3)		—		—		—
Deemed repurchased shares of common and restricted stock for tax withholding	—	—		(71,331)	(1)		(1,443)		—		—		(1,444)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		2,356		—		—		2,356
Other comprehensive gain	—	—		—	—		—		1,324		—		1,324
Net income	—	—		—	—		—		—		5,333		5,333
Balance as of March 31, 2022	—	$	—	18,856,352	$	189	$	287,295	$	1,432	$	134,265	$	423,181

							Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)		Retained Earnings		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Preferred Stock			Common Stock
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022	400	$	39,691	18,892,791	$	189	$	292,854	$	3,102	$	13,891	$	349,727
Preferred Stock dividends	—	—		—	—		—		—		(1,457)		(1,457)
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans	—	—		245,638	3		(3)		—		—		—
Deemed repurchased shares of common and restricted stock for tax withholding	—	—		(85,023)	(1)		(994)		—		—		(995)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		2,224		—		—		2,224
Repurchased and retired shares of common stock	—	—		(75,000)	(1)		1		—		(371)		(371)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—		(475)		—		(475)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(5,740)		(5,740)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	400	$	39,691	18,978,406	$	190	$	294,082	$	2,627	$	6,323	$	342,913

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Operating activities
Net (loss) income	$	(5,740)	$	5,333
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	7,756		8,148
Amortization of debt issuance costs	431		654
Stock-based compensation	2,224		2,356
Equity investment loss	5		5
Deferred income taxes	688		901
Loss on disposals of long-lived assets	1		793
Gain on acquisition	—		(4,533)
Other	—		5
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for bad debt	5,280		6,644
Prepaid expenses	(6,025)		(3,623)
Income tax receivable/payable	(2,318)		537
Operating leases, net	1,277		1,218
Other assets	(268)		241
Accounts payable	2,989		(2,492)
Accrued compensation and benefits	1,353		2,401
Accrued liabilities	(1)		2,492
Deferred revenue and student deposits	5,106		4,175
Net cash provided by operating activities	12,758		25,255
Investing activities
Cash received from acquisition, net of cash paid	—		1,932
Capital expenditures	(3,206)		(2,965)
Proceeds from the sale of real property	—		754
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,206)		(279)
Financing activities
Cash paid for repurchase of common stock	(1,366)		(1,444)
Preferred stock dividends paid	(1,455)		—
Cash paid for principal on borrowings and finance leases	(28)		(2,216)
Net cash used in financing activities	(2,849)		(3,660)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	6,703		21,316
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	129,458		149,627
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	136,161	$	170,943
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest paid	$	2,511	$	2,700
Income taxes paid	$	62	$	41

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1. Nature of the Business

American Public Education, Inc., or APEI, which together with its subsidiaries is referred to herein as the “Company,” is a provider of online and campus-based postsecondary education, and career learning through Graduate School USA, to students through the following subsidiary institutions:

•American Public University System, Inc., or APUS, provides online postsecondary education directed primarily at the needs of the military, military-affiliated, public service and service-minded communities through American Military University, or AMU, and American Public University, or APU. APUS is institutionally accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, or HLC.

•Rasmussen College, LLC, which is referred to herein as Rasmussen University, or RU, provides nursing- and health sciences-focused postsecondary education to students at its 22 campuses in six states and online. RU is institutionally accredited by the HLC.

•National Education Seminars, Inc., which is referred to herein as Hondros College of Nursing, or HCN, provides postsecondary nursing education to students enrolled at its eight campuses in three states. HCN is institutionally accredited by the Accrediting Bureau for Health Education Schools, or ABHES.

•American Public Training LLC, which is referred to herein as Graduate School USA, or GSUSA, provides career learning and leadership training in-person and online to the federal workforce. GSUSA is accredited by the Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training, or ACCET.

The Company’s subsidiary institutions are licensed or otherwise authorized by state authorities to offer education programs to the extent the institutions believe such licenses or authorizations are required, and APUS, RU, and HCN are certified by the United States Department of Education, or ED, to participate in student financial aid programs authorized under Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, or Title IV programs.

    The Company’s operations are organized into the following three reportable segments:

•American Public University System Segment, or APUS Segment. This segment reflects the operational activities of APUS.

•Rasmussen University Segment, or RU Segment. This segment reflects the operational activities of RU.

•Hondros College of Nursing Segment, or HCN Segment. This segment reflects the operational activities of HCN.

Adjustments to reconcile segment results to the Consolidated Financial Statements are included in “Corporate and Other”. These adjustments include unallocated corporate activity and eliminations, and the operational activities of GSUSA. GSUSA operates as a stand-alone subsidiary of APEI, but does not meet the quantitative thresholds to qualify as a reportable segment, and does not have other requisite characteristics as a reportable segment. Therefore, GSUSA’s results are combined and presented within “Corporate and Other”.

Please refer to “Note 9. Segment Information” for more information on the Company’s reporting segments.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

A summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies follows:

Basis of Presentation and Accounting

The accompanying unaudited, interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP.

Business Combinations

8

The Company accounts for business combinations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations, or FASB ASC 805, which requires the acquisition method to be used for all business combinations. Under ASC 805, the assets and liabilities of an acquired company are reported at business fair value along with the fair value of acquired intangible assets at the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the amount assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and the fair value assigned to identifiable intangible assets.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of APEI and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all the information and notes required by GAAP for audited annual financial statement presentations. In the opinion of management, these statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes in its audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, or the Annual Report.

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, the Company is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company evaluates these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis and bases its estimates on experience, current and expected future conditions and various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions, and the impact of such differences may be material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits with financial institutions, money market funds, and U.S. Treasury bills. Cash and cash equivalents are Level 1 assets in the fair value reporting hierarchy.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash includes funds held for students for unbilled educational services that were received from Title IV programs. As a trustee of these Title IV program funds, the Company is required to maintain and restrict these funds pursuant to the terms of the program participation agreement with ED. Restricted cash also includes amounts to secure letters of credit, including $24.2 million in a restricted certificate of deposit account to secure a letter of credit for the benefit of ED on behalf of RU in connection with RU’s 2020 composite score, which is used by ED for determining compliance with financial responsibility standards, being below the minimum required, and a $0.7 million restricted certificate of deposit to secure a letter of credit in lieu of a security deposit for a RU leased campus. Restricted cash on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, excluding the restricted certificates of deposit, was $2.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively. Total restricted cash as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $27.2 million and $26.9 million, respectively.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the amount assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized. The Company accounts for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with FASB ASC 350, Intangibles Goodwill and Other, and Accounting Standards Update, or ASU

9

2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The Company’s goodwill and intangible assets are deductible for tax purposes.

The Company annually assesses goodwill for impairment, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. Impairment testing consists of an optional qualitative assessment as well as a quantitative test. The quantitative test compares the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit is greater than zero and its fair value is greater than its carrying amount, there is no impairment. If the carrying value is greater than the fair value, the difference between the two values is recorded as an impairment.

Finite-lived intangible assets acquired in business combinations are recorded at fair value on their acquisition date and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset.

The Company reviews its indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If such assets are not recoverable, a potential impairment loss is recognized to the extent the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

For additional details regarding goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, please refer to “Note 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets” in these Consolidated Financial Statements.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Stock Compensation, which requires companies to expense share-based compensation based on fair value, and ASU 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Stock-based payments may include incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights, performance shares, performance units, cash-based awards, other stock-based awards, including unrestricted shares, or any combination of the foregoing.

    Stock-based compensation cost is recognized as expense generally over a three-year vesting period using the straight-line method for employees and the graded-vesting method for members of the Company’s Board of Directors. It is measured using the Company’s closing stock price on the date of the grant. An accelerated one-year period is used to recognize stock-based compensation cost for employees who have reached certain service and retirement eligibility criteria on the date of grant. The fair value of each option award is estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model that uses certain assumptions. The Company makes assumptions with respect to expected stock price volatility based on the average historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. In addition, the Company determines the risk-free interest rate by selecting the U.S. Treasury constant maturity for the same maturity as the estimated life of the option quoted on an investment basis in effect at the time of grant for that business day.

Judgment is required in estimating the percentage of share-based awards that are expected to vest, and in the case of performance stock units, or PSUs, the level of performance that will be achieved and the number of shares that will be earned. The Company estimates forfeitures of share-based awards at the time of grant and revises such estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from original estimates. The forfeiture assumption is ultimately adjusted to the actual forfeiture rate. If actual results differ significantly from these estimates, stock-based compensation expense could be higher and have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Estimates of fair value are subjective and are not intended to predict actual future events, and subsequent events are not indicative of the reasonableness of the original estimates of fair value made under ASC 718.

Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

10

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Instructional costs and services	$	279	$	459
Selling and promotional	229		296
General and administrative	1,716		1,601
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,224	$	2,356

Incentive-based Compensation

The Company provides incentive-based compensation opportunities to certain employees through cash incentive and equity awards. The expense associated with these awards is reflected within the Company’s operating expenses. For the years ending December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Management Development and Compensation Committee of the Board approved an annual incentive arrangement for senior management employees. The aggregate amount of awards payable, if any, is dependent upon the achievement of certain Company financial and operational goals and the satisfaction of individual performance goals. Given that the awards are generally contingent upon achieving annual objectives, final determination of the current year incentive awards cannot be made until after the results for the year are finalized. The Company recognizes the estimated fair value of performance-based restricted stock units by assuming the satisfaction of any performance-based objectives at the “target” level, which is the most probable outcome determined for accounting purposes at the time of grant, and multiplying the corresponding number of shares earned based upon such achievement by the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. To the extent performance goals are not met, compensation cost is not ultimately recognized against the goals and, to the extent previously recognized, compensation cost is reversed. Amounts accrued are subject to change in future interim periods if actual future financial results or operational performance are better or worse than expected. The Company recognized an aggregate expense associated with the Company’s current year annual incentive-based compensation plans of approximately $2.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to an aggregate expense of approximately $1.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Income Taxes

The Company determines its interim tax provision by applying the estimated income tax rate expected for the full calendar year to income before income taxes for the period adjusted for discrete items.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs issued by the FASB. All ASUs issued subsequent to the filing of the Annual Report on March 14, 2023 were assessed and determined to be either inapplicable or not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position and/or results of operations.

Note 3. Acquisition Activity

Acquisition of Graduate School USA

On January 1, 2022, or the GSUSA Closing Date, the Company completed the GSUSA Acquisition pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement dated August 10, 2021 by and between American Public Training LLC, and Graduate School USA, or the Seller, for an aggregate purchase price of $1.0 million, subject to working capital adjustments. At closing, the Company received approximately $1.9 million from the Seller, which represents the estimated net working capital at closing net of the initial cash payment to the Seller of $0.5 million, which is the purchase price less $0.5 million retained by the Company to secure the indemnification obligations of the Seller. The purchase price reflects the $0.5 million due to the Seller post-closing, and additional adjustments to the estimated net working capital at closing.

The Company applied the acquisition method of accounting to the GSUSA Acquisition, whereby the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized at fair value on the GSUSA Closing Date. There was no goodwill recorded as a result of the GSUSA Acquisition, but an approximate $4.5 million noncash, non-taxable gain on the acquisition was recorded and is included as a separate line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

11

The preliminary opening balance sheet was subject to adjustment based on a final assessment of the fair value of certain acquired assets and liabilities assumed. The Company had up to one year from the GSUSA Closing Date, or the measurement period, to complete the allocation of the purchase price. The Company completed its assessment of the fair values of certain acquired assets and liabilities assumed during the measurement period, and, as a result, during the second quarter of 2022, the Company recorded a $0.7 million decrease in the gain on acquisition for a net gain of $3.8 million in connection with the GSUSA Acquisition based on the final working capital adjustment.

The following table summarizes the components of the estimated consideration along with the purchase price allocation (in thousands):

12

Purchase Price Allocation	Amount
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,000
Working capital adjustment	(2,450)
Total consideration	(1,450)
Assets acquired:
Accounts receivable	4,282
Prepaid expenses	1,096
Property and equipment, net	400
Operating lease assets	31,635
Intangible assets	965
Total assets acquired	38,378
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	810
Deferred revenue	1,969
Lease liabilities, current	1,179
Lease liabilities, long-term	30,779
Deferred income taxes	1,263
Total liabilities assumed	36,000
Net assets acquired	2,378
Gain on acquisition	$	3,828

The gain on acquisition represents the excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over consideration paid. The consideration paid represents a substantial discount to the book value of GSUSA’s net assets at the GSUSA Closing Date, primarily due to the fair value adjustments related to the trade name, fixed assets, and right-of-use, or ROU, lease assets and liabilities compared to book value. The gain on acquisition was primarily the result of prior financial results, a lack of access to capital by the Seller, and the agreed upon purchase price that reflected the fact that GSUSA may need additional capital to fund operating losses.

The fair values of the customer contracts and relationships and trade name intangible assets were determined using the income-based approach. The fair values of the curricula and accreditation and licensing identified intangible assets were determined using the cost approach. The table below presents a summary of intangible assets acquired and the useful lives of these assets (in thousands):

Intangible Assets	Useful life	Amount
Customer contracts and relationships	2.5 years	$	744
Curricula	3 years	158
Trade name	1 year	35
Accreditation and licenses	2.5 years	28
		$	965

Pro forma financial information relating to the GSUSA Acquisition is not presented because the GSUSA Acquisition did not represent a significant business acquisition for the Company.

13

Note 4. Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue

    In the following table, revenue, shown net of grants and scholarships, is disaggregated by type of service provided. The table also includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the reportable segments (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	(Unaudited)
	APUS		RU		HCN		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships	$	73,422	$	48,196	$	10,981	$	5,104	$	137,703
Graduation fees	369		—		—		—		369
Textbook and other course materials	—		8,707		1,994		—		10,701
Other fees	187		564		165		—		916
Total Revenue	$	73,978	$	57,467	$	13,140	$	5,104	$	149,689

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
	APUS		RU		HCN		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships	$	72,585	$	55,917	$	9,733	$	3,017	$	141,252
Graduation fees	335		—		—		—		335
Textbook and other course materials	—		10,294		1,663		—		11,957
Other fees	170		888		145		—		1,203
Total Revenue	$	73,090	$	67,099	$	11,541	$	3,017	$	154,747

Corporate and Other includes tuition and contract training revenue earned by GSUSA and the elimination of intersegment revenue for courses taken by employees of one segment at other segments.

Contract Balances and Performance Obligations

The Company had no contract assets or deferred contract costs as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The Company recognizes a contract liability, or deferred revenue, when a student begins a course, in the case of APUS and GSUSA, or starts a term, in the case of RU and HCN. Deferred revenue at March 31, 2023 was $28.9 million and included $17.1 million in future revenue that had not yet been earned for courses and terms that were in progress, as well as $11.8 million in consideration received in advance for future courses or terms, or student deposits. Deferred revenue at December 31, 2022 was $23.8 million and included $13.0 million in future revenue that had not yet been earned for courses and terms that were in progress, as well as $10.8 million in student deposits. Deferred revenue represents the Company’s performance obligation to transfer future instructional services to students. The Company’s remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to future reporting periods.

The Company has elected, as a practical expedient, not to disclose additional information about unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with students that have an expected duration of one year or less.

When the Company begins performing its obligations, a contract receivable is created, resulting in accounts receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company accounts for receivables in accordance with FASB ASC 310, Receivables. The Company uses the portfolio approach, a practical expedient, to evaluate if a contract exists and to assess collectability at the time of contract inception based on historical experience. Contracts are subsequently reviewed for collectability if significant events or circumstances indicate a change.

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The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on management’s evaluation of the status of existing accounts receivable. Among other factors, management considers the age of the receivable, the anticipated source of payment, and historical allowance considerations. Consideration is also given to any specific known risk areas among the existing accounts receivable balances. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded when received. APUS, RU, and GSUSA do not charge interest on past due accounts receivable. HCN charges interest on payment plans when a student graduates or otherwise exits the program. Interest charged by HCN on payment plans was immaterial for the periods presented.

Note 5. Leases

The Company’s principal leasing activities include leases for facilities, which are classified as operating leases, and, as a result of the GSUSA Acquisition, leases for copiers and printers, classified as finance leases.

Leases are classified as operating leases unless they meet any of the criteria below to be classified as a finance lease:

•the lease transfers ownership of the asset at the end of the lease;

•the lease grants an option to purchase the asset which the lessee is expected to exercise;

•the lease term reflects a major part of the asset’s economic life;

•the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds the fair value of the asset; or

•the asset is specialized with no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the term.    

Operating Leases

The Company has operating leases for office space and campus facilities. Some leases include options to terminate or extend for one or more years. These options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. The Company leases corporate office space in Maryland and, beginning in January 2023, in Florida, under operating leases that expire in May 2024 and January 2026, respectively. The RU Segment leases administrative office space in suburban Chicago, Illinois, and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and leases 22 campuses located in six states under operating leases that expire through October 2033. The HCN Segment leases administrative office space in suburban Columbus, Ohio, and leases eight campuses located in three states under operating leases that expire through June 2032. GSUSA leases classroom and administrative office space in Washington, D.C. and Honolulu, Hawaii, under operating leases that expire through September 2036.

Operating lease assets are ROU assets, which represent the right to use the underlying assets for the lease term. Operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating leases are included in the operating lease assets, net, and lease liabilities, current and long-term, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. When the lease does not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on information available at lease commencement to determine the present value of the lease payments. The ROU assets include all remaining lease payments and exclude lease incentives.

Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. There are no variable lease payments. Lease expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $5.3 million and $5.0 million, respectively. These costs are primarily related to long-term operating leases, but also include amounts for short-term leases with terms greater than 30 days that are not material. Cash paid for amounts included in the present value of operating lease liabilities during the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $4.9 million and $4.8 million, respectively, and is included in operating cash flows.

Finance Leases

In connection with the GSUSA Acquisition, the Company acquired leases for copiers and printers that are classified as finance leases and expire on December 31, 2024. The Company pledged the assets financed to secure the outstanding leases. As of March 31, 2023, the total finance lease liability was $0.2 million, with an average interest rate of 3.75%. The ROU assets are recorded within Property and equipment, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Lease amortization expense associated with the Company’s finance leases was approximately $0.03 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is recorded within Depreciation and amortization expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following tables present information about the amount and timing of cash flows arising from the Company’s operating and finance leases as of March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

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Maturity of Lease Liabilities (Unaudited)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023 (remaining)	$	13,292	$	86
2024	17,851		113
2025	16,323		—
2026	15,782		—
2027	15,183		—
2028	13,990		—
2029 and beyond	52,480		—
Total future minimum lease payments	$	144,901	$	199
Less: imputed interest	(28,850)		(7)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	116,051	$	192
Less: lease liabilities, current	(13,409)		(108)
Lease liabilities, long-term	$	102,642	$	84

Balance Sheet Classification (Unaudited)
Current
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	13,409
Finance lease liabilities, current	108
Long-term
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	102,642
Finance lease liabilities, long-term	84
Total lease liabilities	$	116,243

Other Information (Unaudited)
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases	8.86
Finance leases	1.75
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases	4.4	%
Finance leases	3.8	%

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Note 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

    In connection with its acquisitions, the Company has applied FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations, using the acquisition method of accounting. The Company recorded $217.4 million and $38.6 million of goodwill in connection with the RU and HCN acquisitions, respectively, representing the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including identifiable intangible assets. The Company later recorded non-cash impairment charges reducing the carrying value of RU and HCN goodwill to $86.0 million and $26.6 million, respectively. There was no goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition of GSUSA.

The Company accounts for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with FASB ASC 350, Intangibles Goodwill and Other, and ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The Company annually assesses goodwill for impairment, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. Goodwill impairment testing consists of an optional qualitative assessment as well as a quantitative test. The quantitative test compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit is greater than zero and its fair value is greater than its carrying amount, there is no impairment. If the carrying value is greater than the fair value, the difference between the two values is recorded as an impairment.

At March 31, 2023 the Company performed a qualitative analysis for our RU and HCN Segments’ goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. As part of the analysis, the Company considered all the events and circumstances listed in FASB ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, in addition to other entity-specific factors. Factors considered include: RU and HCN’s financial and enrollment performance against internal targets; economic factors; RU key leadership changes including the appointment of a new President and appointees to other significant leadership roles; and the continued favorable growth outlook for nursing education. In addition, the Company considered the 2022 annual quantitative analysis performed and concluded that the events in the first quarter of 2023 did not have a significant impact on the fair value of our RU Segment. After completing the qualitative review of goodwill for the RU and HCN Segments for the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of the RU and HCN Segments were more than the carrying value and therefore it was not necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. The Company determined that there was no impairment of RU or HCN Segment goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Company’s 2022 annual assessment concluded that the fair value of RU and HCN exceeded their carrying values by approximately $10.0 million, or 5%, and $4.9 million, or 13%, respectively.

Determining fair value requires judgment and the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including fluctuations in enrollments, revenue growth rates, operating margins, discount rates, and future market conditions, among others. Given the current competitive and regulatory environment and the uncertainties regarding the related impact on the business, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the Company’s interim and annual goodwill impairment tests will prove to be accurate predictions of the future. If the Company’s assumptions are not realized, the Company may record additional goodwill impairment charges in future periods. It is not possible at this time to determine if any such future impairment charge would result or whether such charge would be material.

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	APUS Segment		RU Segment		HCN Segment		Total Goodwill
	(Unaudited)
Goodwill as of December 31, 2022	$	—	$	86,030	$	26,563	$	112,593
Goodwill acquired	—		—		—		—
Impairment	—		—		—		—
Adjustments	—		—		—		—
Goodwill as of March 31, 2023	$	—	$	86,030	$	26,563	$	112,593

In addition to goodwill, in connection with the acquisitions of RU and HCN, the Company recorded identified intangible assets with an indefinite useful life in the aggregate amount of $51.0 million and $3.7 million, respectively, which include trade name, accreditation, licensing, and Title IV, and affiliate agreements. The Company later recorded non-cash

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impairment charges reducing the carrying value of RU identified intangible assets with an indefinite useful life to $35.5 million. There were no indefinite useful life intangible assets identified as a result of the GSUSA Acquisition. There are no indefinite-lived intangible assets in our APUS Segment.

The Company recorded $35.5 million, $4.4 million and $1.0 million, of identified intangible assets with a definite useful life in connection with the acquisitions of RU, HCN and GSUSA, respectively. There are no definite-lived intangible assets in our APUS Segment. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded amortization expense related to definite lived intangibles assets of $3.9 million and $4.0 million, respectively.

The following table represents the balance of the Company’s intangible assets as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Impairment		Net Carrying Amount
	(Unaudited)
Finite-lived intangible assets
Student roster	$	20,000	$	15,833	$	—	$	4,167
Curricula	14,563		7,860		—		6,703
Student and customer contracts and relationships	4,614		4,242		—		372
Lead conversions	1,500		1,187		—		313
Non-compete agreements	86		86		—		—
Tradename	35		35		—		—
Accreditation and licenses	28		14		—		14
Total finite-lived intangible assets	$	40,826	$	29,257	$	—	$	11,569
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trade name	28,498		—		—		28,498
Accreditation, licensing, and Title IV	26,186		—		15,500		10,686
Affiliation agreements	37		—		—		37
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	54,721		—		15,500		39,221
Total intangible assets	$	95,547	$	29,257	$	15,500	$	50,790

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The following table represents the balance of the Company’s intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Impairment		Net Carrying Amount
Finite-lived intangible assets
Student roster	$	20,000	$	13,333	$	—	$	6,667
Curricula	14,563		6,680		—		7,883
Student contracts and relationships	4,614		4,168		—		446
Lead conversions	1,500		1,000		—		500
Non-compete agreements	86		86		—		—
Tradename	35		35		—		—
Accreditation and licenses	28		11		—		17
Total finite-lived intangible assets	$	40,826	$	25,313	$	—	$	15,513
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trade name	28,498		—		—		28,498
Accreditation, licensing, and Title IV	26,186		—		15,500		10,686
Affiliation agreements	37		—		—		37
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	54,721		—		15,500		39,221
Total intangible assets	$	95,547	$	25,313	$	15,500	$	54,734

For additional information on goodwill and intangible assets, see the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes in the Annual Report.

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Note 7. Earnings Per Common Share

Earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net (loss) income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Net (loss) income available to common stockholders is net (loss) income adjusted for preferred stock dividends declared. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net (loss) income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, increased by the shares used in the per share calculation by the dilutive effects of restricted stock and option awards. The table below reflects the calculation of earnings per common share and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, on an as if converted basis, used in computing basic and diluted earnings per common share (in thousands, expect per share amounts).

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Earnings per common share
Net (loss) income	$	(5,740)	$	5,333
Preferred Stock Dividend	1,457		—
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(7,197)	$	5,333
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	18,982		18,805
(Loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.38)	$	0.28
Diluted earnings per common share
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(7,197)	$	5,333
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	18,982		18,805
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and options	90		74
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	19,072		18,879
Diluted (loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.38)	$	0.28

The table below reflects a summary of securities that could potentially dilute basic earnings per common share in future periods that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been antidilutive (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023	2022
	(Unaudited)
Antidilutive securities:
Stock options	136	103
Restricted shares	666	173
Total antidilutive securities	802	276

Note 8. Long-Term Debt

In connection with the Rasmussen Acquisition, APEI, as borrower, entered into a Credit Agreement with Macquarie Capital Funding LLC, or the Credit Agreement, as administrative agent and collateral agent, or the Agent, Macquarie Capital USA Inc. and Truist Securities, Inc., as lead arrangers and joint bookrunners, and certain lenders party thereto, or the Lenders. The Credit Agreement provides for (i) a senior secured term loan facility in an aggregate original principal amount of $175 million, or the Term Loan, with a scheduled maturity date of September 1, 2027 and (ii) a senior secured revolving loan facility in an aggregate commitment amount of $20.0 million, or the Revolving Credit Facility, which together with the Term Loan is referred to as the Facilities, with a scheduled maturity date of September 1, 2026, the full capacity of which may be utilized for the issuance of letters of credit. The Revolving Credit Facility also includes a $5.0 million sub-facility for swing line loans. The Term Loan, the proceeds of which were used as part of the cash consideration for the Rasmussen Acquisition, was fully funded

20

on the Closing Date and is presented net of deferred financing fees on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred financing fees are being amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the Term Loan. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the remaining unamortized deferred financing fees were $5.5 million and $5.9 million, respectively. Deferred financing fees of $0.5 million related to the Revolving Credit Facility were recorded as an asset and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Revolving Credit Facility. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Outstanding borrowings under the Facilities bear interest at a per annum rate equal to LIBOR (subject to a 0.75% floor) plus 5.50%, which shall increase by an additional 2.00% on all past due obligations if APEI fails to pay any amount when due. As of March 31, 2023, the Facilities borrowing rate was 10.13%, excluding any offset from the interest rate cap agreement described below. An unused commitment fee in the amount of 0.50% is payable quarterly in arrears based on the average daily unused amount of the commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility.

In December 2022, APEI made prepayments totaling $65.0 million on the Term Loan. With this prepayment, APEI is not required to make quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan until payment of the outstanding principal amount at maturity in September 2027.

The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on APEI’s and its subsidiaries’ abilities, among other things, to incur additional debt, grant or permit additional liens, make investments and acquisitions, merge or consolidate with others, dispose of assets, pay dividends and distributions, and enter into affiliate transactions, in each case, subject to certain exceptions, as well as customary representations, warranties, events of default, and remedies upon default, including acceleration and rights to foreclose on the collateral securing the Facilities. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant that requires APEI to maintain a Total Net Leverage Ratio of no greater than 2.0 to 1.0. As of March 31, 2023, APEI was in compliance with all debt covenants.

For additional information on certain restrictions placed on the Company’s indebtedness pursuant to the terms of the Company’s Series A Senior Preferred stock, please refer to “Note 12. Preferred Stock” in these Consolidated Financial Statements.

Long-term debt consists of the following as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Credit agreement	$	99,063	$	99,063
Deferred financing fees	(5,506)		(5,912)
Total debt	93,557		93,151
Less: Current portion	—		—
Long-Term Debt	$	93,557	$	93,151

Scheduled maturities of long-term debt at March 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

Maturities of Long-Term Debt (Unaudited)	Loan Payments
2027	99,063
Total	99,063

Derivatives and Hedging

The Company is subject to interest rate risk, as all outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement are subject to a variable rate of interest. On September 30, 2021, the Company entered into an interest rate cap agreement to manage its exposure to the variable rate of interest with a total notional value of $87.5 million. This interest rate cap agreement, designated as a cash flow hedge, provides the Company with interest rate protection in the event the LIBOR rate exceeds 2.0%. The interest rate cap was effective October 1, 2021 and will expire on January 1, 2025.

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Changes in the fair value of the interest rate cap designated as a hedging instrument that effectively offset the variability of cash flows associated with the Company’s variable-rate long-term debt obligations are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income. These amounts subsequently are reclassified into interest expense as a yield adjustment of the hedged interest payments in the same period in which the related interest affects earnings.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the interest rate cap totaled $3.9 million and $4.5 million, respectively, and was recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The unrealized loss of $22,000, net of taxes, is included in accumulated other comprehensive income. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company reclassified approximately $0.6 million from other comprehensive income to interest expense. The Company estimates that approximately $2.6 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into interest expense during the next twelve months.

Note 9. Segment Information

The Company has three reportable segments: the APUS Segment, the RU Segment, and the HCN Segment. GSUSA does not meet the quantitative thresholds to qualify as a reportable segment, and does not have other requisite characteristics as a reportable segment, therefore, its operational activities are presented below within “Corporate and Other”. Adjustments to reconcile segment results to the Consolidated Financial Statements, including unallocated corporate activity and eliminations, are also included in “Corporate and Other”.

In accordance with FASB ASC 280, Segment Reporting, the chief operating decision-maker has been identified as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the APUS, RU, and HCN Segments.

A summary of financial information by reportable segment is as follows (in thousands):    

22

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Revenue:
APUS Segment	$	73,978	$	73,090
RU Segment	57,467		67,099
HCN Segment	13,140		11,541
Corporate and Other	5,104		3,017
Total Revenue	$	149,689	$	154,747
Depreciation and amortization:
APUS Segment	$	1,400	$	1,701
RU Segment	5,927		6,079
HCN Segment	290		222
Corporate and Other	139		146
Total Depreciation and amortization	$	7,756	$	8,148
Income (loss) from operations before interest and income taxes:
APUS Segment	$	17,074	$	13,182
RU Segment	(12,864)		891
HCN Segment	(1,303)		(995)
Corporate and Other	(8,277)		(7,878)
Total (loss) income from operations before interest and income taxes	$	(5,370)	$	5,200
Interest income (expense):
APUS Segment	$	160	$	39
RU Segment	1		3
HCN Segment	19		2
Corporate and Other	(1,959)		(3,399)
Total Interest expense	$	(1,779)	$	(3,355)
Income tax expense (benefit):
APUS Segment	$	5,513	$	4,674
RU Segment	(3,954)		306
HCN Segment	(345)		(316)
Corporate and Other	(2,628)		(3,624)
Total Income tax (benefit) expense	$	(1,414)	$	1,040
Capital expenditures:
APUS Segment	$	300	$	441
RU Segment	2,006		1,924
HCN Segment	827		500
Corporate and Other	73		100
Total Capital Expenditures	$	3,206	$	2,965

A summary of the Company’s consolidated assets by reportable segment is as follows (in thousands):

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	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Assets:
APUS Segment	$	125,170	$	113,551
RU Segment	297,980		300,625
HCN Segment	64,109		59,820
Corporate and Other	131,263		141,060
Total Assets	$	618,522	$	615,056

Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company accrues for costs associated with contingencies, including, but not limited to, regulatory compliance and legal matters, when such costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Liabilities established to provide for contingencies are adjusted as further information develops, circumstances change, or contingencies are resolved. The Company bases these accruals on management’s estimate of such costs, which may vary from the ultimate costs and expenses, associated with any such contingency.

     From time to time, the Company is involved in legal matters in the normal course of its business.

Note 11. Concentration

    The Company’s students utilize various payment sources and programs to finance their education expenses, including funds from: the U.S. Department of Defense, or DoD, tuition assistance programs, or TA; education benefit programs administered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or VA; federal student aid from Title IV programs; and cash and other sources.

     A summary of APUS Segment revenue derived from students by primary funding source is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	(Unaudited)
	2023	2022
DoD tuition assistance programs	49%	48%
VA education benefits	21%	21%
Title IV programs	16%	18%
Cash and other sources	14%	13%

A summary of RU Segment revenue derived from students by primary funding source is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	(Unaudited)
	2023	2022
Title IV programs	74%	74%
Cash and other sources	24%	24%
VA education benefits	2%	2%

    A summary of HCN Segment revenue derived from students by primary funding source is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	(Unaudited)
	2023	2022
Title IV programs	79%	79%
Cash and other sources	20%	19%
VA education benefits	1%	2%

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Note 12. Preferred Stock

On December 28, 2022, APEI issued $40 million of the Series A Senior Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, to affiliates of existing common stockholders of the Company.

The Series A Senior Preferred Stock has cumulative dividends that accrue daily at the initial annual rate, which is equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR (selected by the Company for each divided period), plus 10.00%, or an initial rate of 14.55% for the first dividend period, a quarterly dividend period. On the 30-month anniversary of issuance, the dividend rate spread shall increase by 2.00% per annum and shall increase by 0.50% per annum at the beginning of each full fiscal quarter thereafter. The dividend rate spread increases 6% in the event of default, a change of control, or other non-compliance as noted in the related Certificate of Designation and the purchase agreement for the shares of Series A Senior Preferred Stock, or the Purchase Agreement. Other than an increase in the dividend rate spread relating to default, in no event will the dividend rate spread exceed SOFR plus 25.00%. As of March 31, 2023, the dividend rate was 14.88% based on a three-month dividend period. Dividend periods will be monthly, every three months or every six months, at the Company’s option, and the Company currently anticipates using a three-month period. Dividends will be paid, after declaration by the Company’s Board of Directors, for each dividend period. If the Company selects a six-month dividend period, an interim dividend payment will be required for each three-month period therein. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2023, $1.5 million of dividends were declared and paid on preferred stock.

The Series A Senior Preferred Stock has no stated maturity, is not convertible, is not subject to any mandatory redemption, sinking fund or other similar provisions, and will remain outstanding unless redeemed at the Company’s option. The Company has the right to redeem the preferred stock pro rata in whole or in part at the price per share equal to the liquidation preference, or the Liquidation Preference, plus any applicable early premium amount noted in the Certificate of Designation and Purchase Agreement.

The Liquidation Preference of $60.8 million and $62.2 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. respectively, is based on the occurrence of a liquidation event, which is also considered an event of default as defined in the Certificate of Designation, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Liquidation Preference includes an early redemption premium amount and a make-whole payment for any redemption of the securities prior to June 30, 2025. As of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the make-whole payment included in the Liquidation Preference was $17.8 million and $19.3 million, respectively. The make-whole payment included in the Liquidation Preference will be reduced quarterly until June 30, 2025 at which time it will be eliminated. Events of default include an increase of the dividend rate spread of 6.00% and an early premium amount, as defined in the Certificate of Designation.

The Series A Senior Preferred Stock has no voting rights for directors or otherwise, except as required by law or with respect to certain protective provisions. Without the consent of at least 60% of the then outstanding shares of Series A Senior Preferred Stock, with certain exceptions, the Company may not, among other things, (i) incur any indebtedness if such incurrence would cause the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) to exceed 0.75:1, (ii) issue any capital stock senior to or pari passu with the Series A Senior Preferred Stock, (iii) declare or pay any cash dividends on the Company’s common stock, or (iv) repurchase more than an aggregate of $30 million of the Company’s common stock.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

    In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Quarterly Report, “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company” and similar terms refer to American Public Education, Inc., or “APEI,” and its subsidiary institutions collectively unless the context indicates otherwise. All quarterly information in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis is unaudited. The following discussion of our historical results of operations and our liquidity and capital resources should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes that appear elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and the audited financial information and related notes, as well as Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and other disclosures, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, or our Annual Report.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements in Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. We may use words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “potentially,” “will,” or “may,” or other words or expressions that convey future events, conditions, circumstances, or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report include, without limitation, statements regarding:

•changes in and our ability to comply with the extensive regulatory framework applicable to our industry, as well as state law and regulations and accrediting agency requirements, and the expected impacts of any non-compliance;

•our ability to manage, grow, and diversify our business and execute our business initiatives and strategy;

•our cash needs and expectations regarding cash flow from operations, including the impacts of our debt service and the dividend payments that are required to be paid on our Series A Senior Preferred Stock;

•our ability to undertake initiatives to improve the learning experience and attract students who are likely to persist, and improve student outcomes;

•integration of Rasmussen University, or RU, and Graduate School USA, or GSUSA;

•changes to and expectations regarding our student enrollment, net course registrations, and the composition of our student body, including the pace of such changes;

•our ability to maintain, develop, and grow our technology infrastructure to support our student body;

•our conversion of prospective students to enrolled students and our retention of active students;

•our ability to update and expand the content of existing programs and develop new programs to meet emerging student needs and marketplace demands, and our ability to do so in a cost-effective manner or on a timely basis;

•our plans for, marketing of, and initiatives at, our institutions;

•our ability to leverage our investments in support of our initiatives, students, and institutions;

•our maintenance and expansion of our relationships and partnerships and the development of new relationships and partnerships;

•actions by the U.S. Department of Defense, or DoD, or branches of the U.S. Armed Forces, including actions related to the disruption of DoD tuition assistance programs, or TA, and ArmyIgnitED, and expectations regarding the effects of those actions;

•federal appropriations and other budgetary matters, including government shutdowns;

•changes in enrollment in postsecondary degree-granting institutions and workforce needs;

•the competitive environment in which we operate;

•our ability to recognize the benefits of our cost savings efforts;

•our ability to manage and influence our bad debt expense;

•our use of our share repurchase program; and

•our financial performance generally.

Forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions, and expectations of our future performance, taking into account information currently available to us and are not guarantees of future results. There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated by these forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties involved in forward-looking statements include, among others:

•our dependence on the effectiveness of our ability to attract students who persist in our institutions’ programs;

•our inability to effectively market our programs or expand into new markets;

•the loss of our ability to receive funds under TA programs or the reduction, elimination, or suspension of TA, or continued disruption due to systems used to request TA;

•our inability to maintain enrollments from military students;

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•adverse effects of changes our institutions make to improve the student experience and enhance their ability to identify and enroll students who are likely to succeed;

•our failure to successfully adjust to future market demands;

•our failure to comply with regulatory and accrediting agency requirements or to maintain institutional accreditation , and risks related to any actions we may take to prevent or correct such failure;

•adverse impacts of recent Department of Education, or ED, negotiated rulemakings;

•our failure to meet applicable NCLEX pass rates and other NCLEX standards, and the consequences thereof;

•our failure to comply with the “90/10 Rule,”

•our loss of eligibility to participate in student financial aid programs authorized under Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, or Title IV programs, or ability to process Title IV financial aid;

•economic and market conditions in the United States and abroad and changes in interest rates;

•risks related to business combinations and acquisitions, including integration challenges, business disruption, dilution of stockholder value, and diversion of management attention;

•risks related to our substantial indebtedness and our Series A Preferred Stock; and

•our dependence on and need to continue to invest in our technology infrastructure.

Forward-looking statements should be considered in light of these factors and the factors described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, including in the “Risk Factors” section, in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report, and in our various filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. It is important that you read these factors and the other cautionary statements made in this Quarterly Report as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this Quarterly Report. If any of these factors materialize, or if any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results, performance, or achievements may differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should also read the more detailed description of our business in our Annual Report when considering forward-looking statements. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements herein, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

Overview

Background

    We are a provider of online and campus-based postsecondary education to approximately 106,600 students through American Public University System, or APUS, RU, and Hondros College of Nursing, or HCN, and career learning through GSUSA. These subsidiary institutions are purpose built to offer programs designed to prepare individuals to be of service to their communities, as well as help students progress in their current professions or prepare for their next career. Our subsidiary institutions are licensed or otherwise authorized by state authorities to offer postsecondary education programs to the extent the institutions believe such licenses or authorizations are required, and APUS, RU, and HCN, are certified by ED to participate in Title IV programs.

Acquisitions

On January 1, 2022, or the GSUSA Closing Date, our wholly owned subsidiary, American Public Training, LLC, completed our acquisition of substantially all the assets of GSUSA, or the Seller, for $1.0 million, subject to working capital adjustments. At closing, we received approximately $1.9 million from the Seller, which represents the estimated net working capital at closing net of the initial cash payment to the Seller of $0.5 million, which is the purchase price less $0.5 million we retained to secure the indemnification obligations of the Seller. The purchase price reflects the $0.5 million due to the Seller post-closing and additional adjustments to the estimated net working capital at closing.

For more information on the GSUSA Acquisition, please refer to, “Note 3. Acquisition Activity” included in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report and in this Quarterly Report.

Our Institutions

    Our wholly owned operating subsidiary institutions include the following:

•American Public University System, Inc., referred to herein as APUS, provides online postsecondary education to approximately 89,600 adult learners, directed primarily at the needs of the military, military-affiliated, public service and service-minded communities through two brands: American Military University, or AMU, and American Public

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University, or APU. As of March 31, 2023, approximately 66% of APUS students self-reported that they served in the military on active duty at the time of initial enrollment.

•Rasmussen College, LLC, referred to herein as Rasmussen University, or RU, provides nursing- and health sciences-focused postsecondary education to over 14,300 students at its 22 campuses in six states and online. As of March 31, 2023, approximately 6,800 students are pursuing nursing degrees at RU, approximately 90% of whom are enrolled in RU’s pre-licensure degree programs.

•National Education Seminars, Inc., referred to herein as Hondros College of Nursing, or HCN, provides nursing education to approximately 2,700 students at eight campuses in three states. All of HCN’s students are enrolled in its pre-licensure degree programs.

•American Public Training LLC, referred to herein as Graduate School USA, or GSUSA, provides career learning and leadership training in-person and online to the federal workforce, through a catalog of over 300 courses specializing in foundational and continuing professional development, as well as leadership training to advance the performance of government agencies through the competency and career advancement of their employees. GSUSA operational activities are presented within “Corporate and Other”.

Tuition Increases

In April 2023, APUS implemented tuition and fee increases for its non-military and veteran students. With these tuition and fee increases, we believe that APUS’s tuition and fees remain lower than the average in-state cost at public universities. RU implemented tuition increases, which took effect on January 3, 2023, for select programs to help offset the increased costs of delivering a quality education, and HCN implemented a 5% increase in tuition and fees effective in the second quarter of 2023 across all programs to offset the increased costs of delivering a quality, competitive education.

Cost and Expense Reductions

On January 14, 2022, RU completed a reduction in force that resulted in the termination of nine full-time faculty members and 19 non-faculty employees across a variety of roles and departments at RU, representing approximately 3.0% of RU’s full-time faculty workforce, and 2.1% of RU’s non-faculty workforce. We incurred an aggregate of approximately $0.4 million of pre-tax cash expenses associated with employee severance benefits as a result of this reduction in force. The reduction in force resulted in pre-tax labor and benefit savings of approximately $2.7 million in 2022.

Regulatory and Legislative Activity

The Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing, or ACEN, accredits certain RU PN and ADN programs at certain RU locations. In September 2021, ACEN granted RU’s ADN program in Bloomington, Minnesota continued accreditation with conditions. The ADN program had two years from the date the conditions were imposed to demonstrate compliance with all applicable accreditation criteria. If compliance is not achieved by the end of the monitoring period, ACEN may determine to deny continuing accreditation absent good cause. ACEN had a site visit at the Bloomington, Minnesota ADN program in April 2023. We believe that ACEN’s site visit team is planning to recommend withdrawal of accreditation following its April 2023 site visit. RU will have an opportunity to respond to that recommendation before the ACEN board makes a decision, and we believe that we have a strong rationale for why accreditation should not be withdrawn for this program. As explained more fully in “Risk Factors”, if ACEN denies continuing accreditation, RU has the ability to immediately reapply for accreditation with ACEN or with another national nursing accreditor, the first step of which would be candidacy. If RU is unable to obtain accreditation or candidacy status with ACEN or another national nursing accrediting body, RU would likely have to close the Bloomington, Minnesota ADN program, which would have a material adverse impact on RU’s enrollments and RU’s and our results of operations.

Third-party servicers that institutions engage for the administration of participation in Title IV programs must, among other obligations, comply with Title IV requirements and be jointly and severally liable with the institution to ED for any violation by the servicer of any Title IV provision. In February 2023, as more fully described in ‘Regulatory Environment’ in Part I, Item 1 of our Annual Report, ED issued guidance that would have significantly expanded the types of activities and functions that constitute third-party servicer activities for Title IV purposes and that stated ED’s position that an institution may not contract with third-party servicers with specified foreign ties. However, in April 2023, ED effectively rescinded this guidance and indicated that it intended to reissue the guidance in revised form, with an effective date of at least six months after publication, and to remove provisions pertaining to foreign ownership of third-party servicers.

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Reportable Segments

    Our operations are organized into three reportable segments:

•American Public University System Segment, or APUS Segment. This segment reflects the operational activities of APUS.

•Rasmussen University Segment, or RU Segment. This segment reflects the operational activities of RU.

•Hondros College of Nursing Segment, or HCN Segment. This segment reflects the operational activities of HCN.

Adjustments to reconcile segment results to the Consolidated Financial Statements are included in “Corporate and Other”. These adjustments include unallocated corporate activity and eliminations, and the operational activities of GSUSA.

Summary of Results

Consolidated revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 decreased to $149.7 million from $154.7 million, or by 3.3%, compared to the prior year period. Our operating margins decreased to negative 3.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from 3.4% in the prior year period. Our net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $5.7 million compared to net income of $5.3 million in the prior year period, a decrease of $11.1 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, APUS net course registrations increased 2,300, or by 2.4%, to 96,300, as compared to the prior year period. APUS Segment revenue increased to $74.0 million from $73.1 million, or by 1.2%, compared to the prior year period. APUS operating margins increased to 23.1% from 18.0% in the prior year period.

RU total enrollment, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, decreased to approximately 14,300, or by 11.7%, compared to the prior year period. RU Segment revenue decreased to $57.5 million from $67.1 million, or by 14.4%, compared to the prior year period. RU Segment operating margins decreased to negative 22.4% from 1.3% in the prior year period.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, HCN total enrollment increased to approximately 2,700, or by 10.1%, compared to the prior year period. New student enrollment at HCN for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased approximately 200 students to 730, or by 36.0%, as compared to the prior year period, which contributed to the increase in total enrollment. HCN Segment operating margins decreased to negative 9.9% from negative 8.6% in the prior year period.

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized. Goodwill is reported at the reporting unit level that we have defined as our reporting segments. In connection with our acquisitions of RU and HCN, we recorded $217.4 million and $38.6 million of goodwill, respectively, in our RU and HCN Segments. There was no goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition of GSUSA reported in Corporate and Other, and there is no goodwill in our APUS Segment.

In addition to goodwill, in connection with the acquisitions of RU and HCN, we recorded identified intangible assets with an indefinite useful life in the aggregate amount of $51.0 million and $3.7 million, respectively, in our RU and HCN Segments which includes trade name, accreditation, licensing, Title IV, and affiliate agreements. There were no indefinite useful life intangible assets identified as a result of the acquisition of GSUSA reported in Corporate and Other. There are no indefinite-lived intangible assets in our APUS Segment.

We recorded, at each respective subsidiary, $35.5 million, $4.4 million, and $1.0 million of identified intangible assets with a definite useful life in connection with the acquisitions of RU, HCN, and GSUSA, respectively, reported in our RU and HCN Segments, and in Corporate and Other. There are no definite-lived intangible assets in our APUS Segment.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually, and more frequently if events and circumstances exist that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying amount. The process of evaluating goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment is subjective and requires significant judgment and estimates. When performing an optional qualitative analysis, we consider many factors, including general economic conditions, industry and market conditions, certain cost factors, financial performance and key business drivers (for example, student enrollment), long-term operating plans, and potential changes to significant assumptions and

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estimates used in the most recent fair value analysis. Unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions and estimates. Actual results may differ and have a material impact or our results of operations and financial position, and subsequent events are not necessarily indicative of the reasonableness of the original assumptions or estimates.

The results of the annual assessment completed as of October 31, 2022 concluded that the fair value of goodwill for RU and HCN exceeded their carrying values by approximately $10.0 million, or by 5%, and $4.9 million, or by 13%, respectively. Significant assumptions in the forecast used in the discounted cash flow valuation model for the October 31, 2022 valuation, include the recovery in our RU Segment enrollment in year three to historical norms and two future campus openings in our HCN Segment. These assumptions could be negatively affected by any of, but not limited to, changes in our regulatory environment, declines in student enrollment, adverse actions by state boards of nursing including enrollment caps, and increases in our expenses not in our budgeted plan. We applied a hypothetical ten percent decrease to the fair values of our RU and HCN Segment, which at December 31, 2022 would have triggered additional impairment testing and analysis for our RU Segment. Applying the hypothetical decrease to the fair value of our HCN Segment did not result in an additional impairment.

At March 31, 2023, we performed a qualitative analysis for our RU and HCN Segments’ goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. As part of our analysis we considered all the events and circumstances listed in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, in addition to other entity-specific factors. Factors of consideration included: RU’s and HCN’s financial and enrollment performance against internal targets for the first quarter of 2023; the fact that the overall long-term outlook remains similar to that used in the annual assessment; economic factors; key leadership changes including the appointment of a new President and appointees to other significant leadership roles; and the continued favorable growth outlook for nursing education. In addition, we considered the 2022 quantitative analysis performed and concluded that the events in the first quarter of 2023 did not have a significant impact on the fair value of our RU Segment. After completing the qualitative review of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for our RU and HCN Segments for the three months ended March 31, 2023, we concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of the RU and HCN Segments was more than the carrying value and therefore it was not necessary to perform a quantitative goodwill impairment test.

Significant assumptions inherent to valuation methodologies for goodwill include, but are not limited to, prospective financial information, growth rates, terminal value, discount rates, and comparable multiples from publicly traded companies in the higher education market. Future changes, including minor changes in the significant assumption or other factors including revenue, operating income, valuation multiples, and other inputs to the valuation process may result in future impairment charges, and those charges could be material.

For more information regarding our Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates, see the “Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates” section of “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report.

Results of Operations

    Below we have included a discussion of our operating results and material changes in our operating results during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022. Our revenue and operating results normally fluctuate as a result of seasonal or other variations in our enrollments and the level of expenses in our reportable segments. Our student population varies as a result of new enrollments, graduations, student attrition, the success of our marketing programs, and other reasons that we cannot always anticipate. We expect quarterly fluctuations in operating results to continue as a result of various enrollment patterns and changes in revenue and expenses.

APUS net course registrations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were 96,300 compared to 94,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, an increase of 2,300, or 2.4%. The increase in net course registrations at APUS in 2023 as compared to 2022 was due primarily due to increases in military registrations from students utilizing TA. APUS Segment operating margins increased to 23.1% from 18.0% in the prior year period. The increase in the operating margin was primarily due to an increase in revenue during the period and decreases in advertising costs and employee compensation costs partially offset by increases in technology costs as compared to the prior year period.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, RU total enrollment decreased to approximately 14,300, or by 11.7% as compared to the prior year period. We believe this decline in enrollment, which reflects year-over-year declines in new and total nursing enrollment, as well as declines in campus-based non-nursing programs, was caused, in part, by the prior departure of leadership accountable for enrollment and nursing operations, caps on nursing student enrollment at certain RU campuses due to returning to on-ground nursing education, and increasing pay for nurses resulting in fewer available nursing faculty to educate students and oversee clinicals. RU Segment operating margins decreased to negative 22.4% from 1.3% in the prior year

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period. The decrease in the operating margin was primarily due a decrease in revenue during the period, and $2.4 million in transition services fees related to the termination of the Collegis marketing contract effective January 31, 2023.

At HCN, total enrollment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 increased to approximately 2,700, or by 10.1%, as compared to the prior year period. We believe that the increase in new and total student enrollment at HCN is due, in part, to enrollment growth in recently opened campuses including the opening of the Detroit, Michigan campus in October 2022. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, HCN Segment operating margins decreased to negative 9.9% from negative 8.6% in the prior year period. The decrease in the operating margin is primarily due to increases in nursing faculty compensation costs, other employee compensation costs, technology costs, bad debt expense, and Title IV costs partially offset by decreases in advertising costs as compared to the prior year period.

For a more detailed discussion of our results by reportable segment, refer to “Analysis of Operating Results by Reportable Segment” below.

Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income

The following table sets forth statements of income data as a percentage of revenue for each of the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Revenue	100.0	%	100.0	%
Costs and expenses:
Instructional costs and services	49.4		46.3
Selling and promotional	26.7		25.4
General and administrative	22.4		19.1
Loss on disposals of long-lived assets	—		0.5
Depreciation and amortization	5.2		5.3
Total costs and expenses	103.7		96.6
Income (loss) from operations before interest and income taxes	(3.7)		3.4
Gain on acquisition	—		2.9
Interest expense	(1.2)		(2.2)
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes	(4.9)		4.1
Income tax (benefit) expense	(0.9)		0.7
Equity investment loss	—		—
Net (loss) income	(4.0)		3.4
Preferred Stock Dividend	1.0		—
Net income available to common shareholders	(5.0)	%	3.4	%

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

Revenue. Our consolidated revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $149.7 million, a decrease of $5.1 million, or 3.3%, compared to $154.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease in revenue was primarily due to a $9.6 million, or 14.4% decrease in revenue in our RU Segment partially offset by a $2.0 million, or 63.9%, increase in GSUSA revenue included in Corporate and Other, a $1.6 million, or 13.9% increase in revenue in our HCN Segment and a $0.9 million, or 1.2% increase in revenue in our APUS Segment. The RU Segment revenue decrease was primarily due to an 11.7% decrease in total student enrollment as compared to the prior year period. The APUS Segment revenue increase was primarily due to a 2.4% increase in net course registrations as compared to the prior year period. The HCN Segment revenue increase was primarily due to a 36.0% increase in new student enrollment included in a 10.1% increase in total student enrollment compared to the prior year period.

Costs and expenses. Costs and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $155.1 million, an increase of $5.5 million, or 3.7%, compared to $149.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Costs and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 include $2.4 million in transition services fees in our RU Segment selling and promotional expenses related to the termination of the marketing contract with Collegis, LLC, or Collegis, effective January 31, 2023. Other increases in costs and expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the prior year period include increases in bad debt expense, and employee compensation and technology costs, partially offset by a decrease in advertising costs. Costs and expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 103.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from 96.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Instructional costs and services expenses. Our instructional costs and services expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $73.9 million, an increase of $2.2 million, or 3.1%, compared to $71.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in instructional costs and services expenses was primarily due to an increase in nursing faculty compensation costs, technology costs and classroom costs in our HCN Segment, increases in employee compensation and related costs, travel costs and technology costs in Corporate and Other, and an increase in technology costs in our RU Segment, partially offset by decreases in employee compensation costs in our APUS and RU Segments. Instructional costs and services expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 49.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from 46.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Selling and promotional expenses. Our selling and promotional expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $39.9 million, an increase of $0.6 million, or 1.5%, compared to $39.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Selling and promotional expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 include $2.4 million in transition services fees in our RU Segment related to the termination of the Collegis marketing contract effective January 31, 2023. This increase was partially offset by decreases in advertising costs in our APUS and HCN Segments. Selling and promotional expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 26.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from 25.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

General and administrative expenses. Our general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $33.5 million, an increase of $3.9 million, or 13.2%, compared to $29.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to increases in technology costs in all segments and Corporate and Other, an increase in bad debt expense in our RU and HCN Segments, and increases in employee compensation costs in Corporate and Other. Consolidated bad debt expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $3.9 million, or 2.6% of revenue, compared to $2.8 million, or 1.8% of revenue in the prior year period. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue increased to 22.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from 19.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2022. As we continue to evaluate strategic growth opportunities and enhancements to our business capabilities, we expect to incur additional costs and that our general and administrative expenses related to professional fees will vary from time to time.

Loss on disposals of long-lived assets. The loss on disposals of long-lived assets was $1,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The prior year loss was primarily related to the sale of excess facilities located in Charles Town, West Virginia.

Depreciation and amortization expenses. Depreciation and amortization expenses were $7.8 million and $8.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expenses as a percentage of revenue decreased to 5.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 from 5.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Stock-based compensation expenses. Stock-based compensation expenses included in instructional costs and services, selling and promotional, and general and administrative expenses were $2.2 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Stock-based compensation costs include accelerated expense for retirement-eligible employees and performance stock unit incentive costs.

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Gain on acquisition. The $4.5 million gain on acquisition for the period ended March 31, 2022 resulted from the GSUSA Acquisition and represents the excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over consideration paid.

Interest expense. Interest expense was $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to the decrease in the outstanding balance in our senior secured term loan facility. In December 2022, we made $65.0 million in prepayments to reduce our outstanding debt.

Income tax (benefit) expense. We recognized an income tax benefit of $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to income tax expense of $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, or an effective tax rate benefit of 19.8% in 2023 compared to an effective tax rate of 16.3% in 2022. The increase in effective tax rate from the prior year period is primarily related to the non-taxable gain on acquisition in 2022, and an increase in non-deductible stock compensation expense in the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to prior year period.

Net (loss) income. Our net loss was $5.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to net income of $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $11.1 million. This decrease was related to the factors discussed above.

Preferred stock dividends. Preferred stock dividends for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $1.5 million. The Series A Senior Preferred Stock was issued in December 2022, and therefore there were no preferred stock dividends in the comparable prior year period.

Net income (loss) available to common stockholders. The net loss available to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $7.2 million, compared to net income available to common stockholders of $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, a decrease of $12.5 million. This decrease was related to the factors discussed above.

Analysis of Operating Results by Reportable Segment

    The following table provides details on our operating results by reportable segment for the respective periods (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Revenue:
APUS Segment	$	73,978	$	73,090
RU Segment	57,467		67,099
HCN Segment	13,140		11,541
Corporate and Other	5,104		3,017
Total Revenue	$	149,689	$	154,747
Income (loss) from operations before interest and income taxes:
APUS Segment	$	17,074	$	13,182
RU Segment	(12,864)		891
HCN Segment	(1,303)		(995)
Corporate and Other	(8,277)		$	(7,878)
Total income (loss) from operations before interest and income taxes	(5,370)		$	5,200

APUS Segment

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the $0.9 million, or 1.2%, increase to approximately $74.0 million in revenue in our APUS Segment was primarily attributable to higher net course registrations. Net course registrations increased 2.4% to approximately 96,300 from approximately 94,000 in the prior year period, due primarily to an increase in registration

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by military students utilizing TA, which generate a lower revenue per registration than other funding sources. Income from operations before interest and income taxes increased to $17.1 million, or by 29.5%, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 from $13.2 million in the prior year period, an increase of $3.9 million, as a result of the increase in revenue and an overall decrease in expenses as compared to the same period in 2022.

RU Segment

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the $9.6 million, or 14.4% decrease to approximately $57.5 million in revenue in the RU Segment was primarily due to an 11.7% decrease in total student enrollment to approximately 14,300 from approximately 16,200 in the prior year period. The RU Segment loss from operations before interest and income taxes was $12.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to income of $0.9 million in the prior year period, a decrease of $13.8 million. The 2023 period includes $2.4 million of transition fees related to the termination of the Collegis marketing services contract.

HCN Segment

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the $1.6 million, or 13.9% increase to approximately $13.1 million in revenue in our HCN Segment was primarily due to year-over-year increases in new students, which contributed to the increase of total student enrollment. New student enrollment at HCN increased 36.0% to approximately 730, and total student enrollment increased 10.1% to approximately 2,700 students as compared to the same period in 2022. The loss from operations before interest and income taxes was $1.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a loss from operations before interest and income taxes of $1.0 million in the same period in 2022, a decrease of $0.3 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Cash and cash equivalents were $136.2 million and $129.5 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, representing an increase of $6.7 million, or 5.2%. The increase in cash was primarily due to payments received by APUS from the Army in the first quarter of 2023 related to courses taken in 2022, and the timing of other receipts and payments. We have historically financed operating activities and capital expenditures with cash provided by operating activities. We expect to continue to fund our costs and expenses through cash generated from operations. For more on our material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations, please refer to the section entitled “Contractual Obligations” in Item 7 of Part II of our Annual Report.

We derive a significant portion of our revenue from our participation in ED’s Title IV programs, for which disbursements are governed by federal regulations. We have typically received disbursements under Title IV programs within 30 days of the start of the applicable course or term. Another significant source of revenue is derived from TA from the DoD and programs from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or the VA. Generally, these funds are received within 60 days of the start of the courses to which they relate.

The Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, requires for-profit education institutions to comply with what is commonly referred to as the 90/10 Rule, which imposes sanctions on institutions that derive more than 90% of their total revenue on a cash accounting basis from Title IV programs, as calculated under ED’s regulations. Some payments from the Army that were expected in 2022 are being received in 2023, which, together with recent changes to the 90/10 Rule and faster enrollment growth among service members than non-military growth, has caused APUS’s 90/10 Rule percentage to increase and could make it more difficult for APUS to meet the 90/10 Rule requirements for 2023. Failure to meet the 90/10 Rule for fiscal 2023, which would require APUS to notify ED and students of this failure, would lead to placement of APUS on provisional certification status for two years with respect to its Title IV participation, could subject us to heightened regulatory scrutiny and possible adverse regulatory action, and could damage our reputation, which would have a material adverse impact on our results of operation, cash flow, and financial condition. Steps that we may take to reduce our 90/10 Rule percentage in order to comply with the 90/10 Rule may require us to make significant cash expenditures to acquire new students who do not receive educational assistance funds provided by a federal agency, which would reduce the amount of cash we have available to fund our operations. Furthermore, any future delays in receipt of funds from the Army or other service branches could have an adverse impact on our cash flow and results of operations. For more information please refer to the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report.

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During the third quarter of 2022, the Army transitioned from the initial version of ArmyIgnitED, a system for soldiers to use to request TA, to ArmyIgnitED 2.0, with a new third-party service provider, and announced that all TA requests for courses beginning on or after October 1, 2022 must be submitted via ArmyIgnitED 2.0. As part of this change, the Army stopped allowing institutions to submit invoices from July 30, 2022 until August 29, 2022, which impacted our ability to collect on our accounts receivable and caused our accounts receivable to increase. As of March 31, 2023, approximately $19.2 million, of which $10.0 million is older than 60 days from the course start date, was due from the Army, as compared to $26.0 million due from the Army as of December 31, 2022, of which $16.5 million was older than 60 days from the course start date. In early 2023 we have experienced an improvement in Army’s processing of invoices and payments. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, APUS received approximately $20.7 million in payments from the Army. While we are taking efforts to mitigate any adverse impact of the transition to ArmyIgnitED 2.0 on accounts receivable and cash flow, there can be no assurance that these efforts will be successful.

Capital expenditures could be higher in the future as a result of, among other things, additional expenditures for technology or other business capabilities, including as a result of insourcing of information technology functions and marketing services from Collegis, the maintenance or relocation of existing campuses at RU and HCN and GSUSA’s classroom and administrative facility, the opening of new campuses at HCN, the acquisition or lease of existing structures or potential new construction projects, and necessary tenant improvements that arise as a result of our ongoing evaluation of our space needs and opportunities for physical growth.

Professional fees may continue to be elevated or increase as we continue the integration of RU and GSUSA and continue to evaluate investments in strategic growth opportunities and enhancements to our business capabilities. We also expect to continue to explore opportunities to invest in the education industry, which could include purchasing or investing in other education-related companies or companies developing new technologies.

RU has historically relied on Collegis for a variety of outsourced marketing services and information technology functions under one contract for marketing services and another for information technology functions. In April 2022, we notified Collegis that we intended to permit both contracts to expire by their terms on September 30, 2024. In October 2022, RU and Collegis mutually agreed to the termination of the marketing services contract effective January 31, 2023, rather than having the contract expire by its terms in September 2024. Expenses for the fourth quarter of 2022 include $3.9 million in transition fees in connection with the termination of the Collegis marketing services contract as specific transition obligations were completed, and first quarter of 2023 expenses include the remaining $2.4 million in transition service fees, for total non-recurring transition service fees of $6.3 million.

Outsourced information technology services under the Collegis information technology contract will continue until September 30, 2024. The total minimum expenses for information technology services over the remaining period is approximately $13.6 million.

We plan to transition all of the information technology services currently outsourced to Collegis back to our operations or to one or more other third-party vendors. As we continue to develop our transition plans, at this time we are unable to predict the full costs of the transition, in which periods we will incur those costs, or the impact on our financial results, but the transition may cause us to incur significant costs, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Share Repurchase Program

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we repurchased 75,000 shares of common stock for approximately $0.4 million. On March 16, 2023, our Board of Directors confirmed the availability under our existing share repurchase program to repurchase up to approximately $8.0 million of shares of our common stock. We fully expended this $8.0 million as of April 30, 2023 and repurchased a total of 1,335,357 shares of our common stock with this amount.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $12.8 million and $25.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in cash from operating activities was primarily due to the net loss during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to net income in the prior year period, and changes in working capital due to the timing of receipts and payments. Accounts receivable at March 31, 2023, decreased approximately $5.3 million compared to December 31, 2022, primarily as a result of improvement in Army’s processing of invoices and payments to APUS. Accounts

35

payable, accrued liabilities, and accrued compensation and benefits at March 31, 2023 were approximately $4.3 million higher than December 31, 2022, primarily due to the timing of payment processing.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $3.2 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 include capital expenditures of $3.2 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, capital expenditures were $3.0 million, partially offset by net proceeds from GSUSA Acquisition and the proceeds from the sale of real property of $1.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $2.8 million and $3.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the cash used in financing activities of $1.5 million was related to the payment of a dividend on our preferred stock, $1.4 million used for the deemed repurchase of our common stock to satisfy minimum tax-withholding requirements in connection with the vesting of restricted stock grants, and purchases of our common stock under our share repurchase program. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the cash used in financing activities was primarily due to $1.4 million used for the deemed repurchase of our common stock to satisfy minimum tax-withholding requirements in connection with the vesting of restricted stock grants, and $2.2 million in principal payments on our long term debt. Due to debt prepayments made in December 2022, no further principal payments are required on our outstanding debt until 2027.

Contractual Commitments

We have various contractual obligations consisting of operating leases and purchase obligations. Purchase obligations include agreements with consultants, contracts with third-party service providers, and other future contracts or agreements. For a summary of our contractual obligations, please refer to Item 7 of Part II of our Annual Report.

Outsourced information technology services under the Collegis information technology contract will continue until September 30, 2024. The total minimum expenses for information technology services over the remaining period is approximately $13.6 million. We plan to transition all of the information technology services currently outsourced to Collegis back to our operations or to one or more other third-party vendors in the future. In October 2022, RU and Collegis mutually agreed to the termination of the marketing services contract effective January 31, 2023, rather than having the contract expire by its terms in September 2024. Expenses for the fourth quarter of 2022 include $3.9 million in transition fees in connection with the termination of the Collegis marketing services contract as specific transition obligations were completed, and first quarter of 2023 expenses include the remaining $2.4 million in transition service fees, for total non-recurring transition service fees of $6.3 million. We completed the transition of RU marketing in-house to our centralized marketing team during the first quarter of 2023.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 

Market Risk

We had no material derivative financial instruments or derivative commodity instruments as of March 31, 2023. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents in bank deposit accounts, money market funds and short-term U.S. Treasury bills. The bank deposits exceed federally insured limits. We have historically not experienced any losses in such accounts. We believe we are not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents. Due to the short-term duration of our investment portfolio and the low risk profile of our investments, a 10% increase or decrease in interest rates would not have a material impact on the fair market value of our portfolio.

Interest Rate Risk

We are subject to risk from changes in interest rates primarily relating to our investment of funds in short-term U.S. treasury bills issued at a discount to their par value. Our future investment income will vary due to changes in interest rates.

In the normal course of business, we employ established policies and procedures to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. For every 100 basis points increase in LIBOR on our variable rate indebtedness, we would incur an incremental $1.0 million in interest expense per year, excluding any offset from the interest rate cap agreement. To reduce our exposure to

36

market risks from increases in interest rates on our variable rate indebtedness we entered into a hedging arrangement in the form of an interest rate cap agreement. The interest rate cap agreement provides us with interest rate protection in the event the three month LIBOR rate increases above 2% and has a January 2025 termination date. As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate cap agreement hedged $87.5 million of principal under our term loan.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2023. Based upon the evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

    From time to time, we have been and may be involved in various legal proceedings. We currently have no material legal proceedings pending.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

    An investment in our stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks set forth in the Risk Factors section of our Annual Report and the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Annual Report, and the additional information in the other reports we file with the SEC. If any of the risks contained in those reports actually occur, our business, results of operation, financial condition, and liquidity could be harmed, the value of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. With the exception of the following, there have been no material changes in the risk factors set forth in the Risk Factors section of our Annual Report.

RU’s Bloomington, Minnesota ADN program has been adversely impacted by regulatory action and heightened scrutiny as a result of the failure to meet applicable regulatory and accreditor requirements, and further action by regulators and accreditors could result in additional adverse impacts or cause us to have to close the program.

RU’s Bloomington, Minnesota ADN program has been subject to adverse action and heightened scrutiny from regulators as a result of continued failure to meet applicable regulatory and accreditor requirements, and further action by such regulators, which we believe to be reasonably possible, could adversely impact our ability to continue the Bloomington, Minnesota ADN program or potentially the ADN programs at all of RU’s Minnesota campuses, which would have an adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. In September 2021, ACEN placed conditions on the Bloomington, Minnesota ADN program’s continued accreditation, requiring it to demonstrate compliance with all applicable accreditation criteria within two years. ACEN conducted a site visit at the Bloomington, Minnesota ADN program for April 2023. We believe that ACEN’s site visit team is planning to recommend withdrawal of accreditation following its April 2023 site visit based on the team’s findings that the program did not demonstrate compliance with certain accreditation criteria related to student outcomes. RU will have an opportunity to respond to that recommendation before the ACEN board makes a decision, and we believe that we have a strong rationale for why accreditation should not be withdrawn for this program. If ACEN denies continuing accreditation, RU has the ability to immediately reapply for accreditation with ACEN or with another national nursing accreditor, the first step of which would be candidacy. If RU is unable to obtain accreditation or candidacy status with ACEN or another national nursing accrediting body, RU would likely have to close the Bloomington, Minnesota ADN program. In addition, a stipulation and consent order with the MBN requires the Bloomington, Minnesota ADN program to among other things reach applicable NCLEX pass rate standards by the end of 2023 and maintain a specified student to faculty ratio in 2023, with a potential penalty up to and including withdrawal of program approval. The student to faculty ratio

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limit constrains our ability to enroll students based on our ability to attract and retain qualified faculty. RU has voluntarily further reduced enrollments in the Bloomington, Minnesota ADN program new cohorts starting in January 2023, but there can be no assurance that these or other efforts will improve NCLEX scores above the applicable threshold or by the required deadline, if at all, or that the program will be found to be in compliance with the order. As a result of the order, the Minnesota Office of Higher Education, or MOHE, informed RU that it expects RU to identify a clinical site for each student within 50 miles from the student’s home, disclose to potential students that RU may not be able to satisfy the MBN’s order, provide options for students unable to complete the program if the MBN were to withdraw program approval, including a refund option, and to provide MOHE with copies of any reports submitted to MBN or ACEN as they become available. The MBN order and MOHE’s related scrutiny could have an adverse impact on our reputation and ability to enroll students.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Repurchases

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we repurchased 75,000 shares of our common stock. The table and footnotes below provide details regarding our repurchase programs (unaudited):

	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)(3)
January 1, 2023	—	—		—	—	8,396,734
January 1, 2023 - January 31, 2023	—	—		—	7,618	8,396,734
February 1, 2023 - February 28, 2023	—	—		—	350,614	8,396,734
March 1, 2023 - March 31, 2023	75,000	4.96		75,000	614,120	8,024,734
Total	75,000	$	4.96	75,000	614,120	$	8,024,734

(1)On December 9, 2011, our Board of Directors, or Board, approved a stock repurchase program for our common stock, under which we could annually purchase up to the cumulative number of shares issued or deemed issued in each year under our equity incentive and stock purchase plans. Repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices or in privately negotiated transactions based on business and market conditions. The stock repurchase program does not obligate us to repurchase any shares, may be suspended or discontinued at any time, and is funded using our available cash.

(2)On May 2, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $35.0 million of shares of our common stock, and on December 5, 2019, our Board approved an additional authorization of up to $25.0 million of shares. We may purchase shares at management’s discretion in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, in transactions structured through investment banking institutions, or a combination of the foregoing. We may from time to time enter into Rule 10b5-1 plans to facilitate repurchases of shares under this authorization. On March 16, 2023, our Board of Directors confirmed the availability under our existing share repurchase program to repurchase up to approximately $8.0 million of shares of the Company’s common stock. The amount and timing of share repurchases are subject to a variety of factors, including liquidity, cash flow, stock price, general business and market conditions, and applicable legal requirements. The authorization does not obligate the Company to acquire any shares, and repurchases may be commenced or suspended and the program may be discontinued at any time based on market conditions and other factors that the Company deems appropriate. The authorization under this program is in addition to our repurchase program under which we may annually purchase up to the cumulative number of shares issued or deemed issued in that year under our equity incentive and stock purchase plan.

(3)During the three month period ended March 31, 2023, we were deemed to have repurchased 85,023 shares of common stock forfeited by employees to satisfy minimum tax-withholding requirements in connection with the vesting of restricted stock grants. These repurchases were not part of the stock repurchase program authorized by our Board as described in footnotes 1 and 2 of this table.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

    None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

    None.

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Item 5. Other Information

    None.

Item 6. Exhibits 

Exhibit No.	Exhibit Description
10.1	Cooperation Agreement, dated March 20, 2023, by and among 325 Capital LLC, 325 Capital Master Fund LP, 325 Capital GP LLC, Daniel M. Friedberg, Anil K. Shrivastava, and Michael D. Braner. (1)
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
EX-101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
EX-101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
EX-101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
EX-101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
EX-101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
EX-101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

(1) Incorporated by reference to exhibit filed with the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-33810) filed with the SEC on March 20, 2023.

40

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	AMERICAN PUBLIC EDUCATION, INC.
/s/ Angela Selden	May 9, 2023
Angela Selden
President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Richard W. Sunderland, Jr.	May 9, 2023
Richard W. Sunderland, Jr.
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

41

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

I, Angela Selden, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of American Public Education, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 9, 2023

By:	/s/ Angela Selden
	Name: Angela Selden
	Title: President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

I, Richard W. Sunderland, Jr., certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of American Public Education, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 9, 2023

By:	/s/ Richard W. Sunderland, Jr.
	Name: Richard W. Sunderland, Jr.
	Title: Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

Written Statement of

Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350)

The undersigned, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of American Public Education, Inc. (the “Company”), each hereby certifies that, to the officer's knowledge on the date hereof:

(a) the Form 10-Q of the Company for the period ended March 31, 2023 filed on the date hereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(b) information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ Angela Selden
	Name: Angela Selden
	Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
	May 9, 2023

By:	/s/ Richard W. Sunderland, Jr.
	Name: Richard W. Sunderland, Jr.
	Title: Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	May 9, 2023

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to American Public Education, Inc. and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash (Note 2)	$ 136,161	$ 129,458
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $14,068 in 2023 and $13,328 in 2022	37,073	42,353
Prepaid expenses	17,434	11,409
Income tax receivable	5,189	2,871
Total current assets	195,857	186,091
Property and equipment, net	100,285	100,892
Operating lease assets, net	108,048	108,870
Deferred income taxes	34,667	35,355
Goodwill	112,593	112,593
Intangible assets, net	50,790	54,734
Other assets, net	16,282	16,521
Total assets	618,522	615,056
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	6,797	3,808
Accrued compensation and benefits	16,363	15,010
Accrued liabilities	13,783	13,784
Deferred revenue and student deposits	28,866	23,760
Lease liabilities, current	13,517	14,396
Total current liabilities	79,326	70,758
Lease liabilities, long-term	102,726	101,420
Long-term debt, net	93,557	93,151
Total liabilities	275,609	265,329
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 400 shares issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022, respectively. ($151,905 and $155,587 liquidation preference per share, $60,762 and $62,235 in aggregate, for 2023 and 2022, respectively) (Note 12)	39,691	39,691
Common stock, $.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 18,978,406 issued and outstanding in 2023; 18,892,791 issued and outstanding in 2022	190	189
Additional paid-in capital	294,082	292,854
Accumulated other comprehensive income	2,627	3,102
Retained earnings	6,323	13,891
Total stockholders’ equity	342,913	349,727
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 618,522	$ 615,056

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Accounts receivable, allowance	$ 14,068	$ 13,328
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, authorized shares (in shares)	10,000,000	10,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, authorized shares (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	18,978,406	18,892,791
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	18,978,406	18,892,791
Series A Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	400	400
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	400	400
Preferred stock liquidation preference (in dollars per share)	$ 151,905	$ 155,587
Preferred stock liquidation preference	$ 60,762	$ 62,235

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Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 149,689	$ 154,747
Costs and expenses:
Instructional costs and services	73,889	71,698
Selling and promotional	39,924	39,319
General and administrative	33,489	29,589
Loss on disposals of long-lived assets	1	793
Depreciation and amortization	7,756	8,148
Total costs and expenses	155,059	149,547
(Loss) income from operations before interest and income taxes	(5,370)	5,200
Gain on acquisition (Note 3)	0	4,533
Interest expense	(1,779)	(3,355)
(Loss) income before income taxes	(7,149)	6,378
Income tax (benefit) expense	(1,414)	1,040
Equity investment loss	(5)	(5)
Net (loss) income	(5,740)	5,333
Preferred stock dividends	1,457	0
Net (loss) income available to common stockholders basic	(7,197)	5,333
Net (loss) income available to common stockholders diluted	$ (7,197)	$ 5,333
Earnings per common share:
Earnings per common share basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.38)	$ 0.28
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.38)	$ 0.28
Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic (in shares)	18,982	18,805
Diluted (in shares)	19,072	18,879

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net (loss) income	$ (5,740)	$ 5,333
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Unrealized (loss) gain on hedging derivatives	(28)	1,761
Tax effect	6	(437)
Unrealized gains (losses) on hedging derivatives, net of taxes	(22)	1,324
Reclassification of (gains) losses to net income	(602)	0
Tax effect	149	0
Reclassifications of (gains) losses to net income, net of taxes	(453)	0
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(475)	1,324
Comprehensive (loss) income	$ (6,215)	$ 6,657

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss)	Retained Earnings
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		0	18,709,171
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 415,612	$ 0	$ 187	$ 286,385	$ 108	$ 128,932
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans (in shares)			218,512
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans	0		$ 3	(3)
Deemed repurchased shares of common and restricted stock for tax withholding (in shares)			(71,331)
Deemed repurchased shares of common and restricted stock for tax withholding	(1,444)		$ (1)	(1,443)
Stock-based compensation	2,356			2,356
Other comprehensive gain	1,324				1,324
Other comprehensive loss	1,324
Net income (loss)	5,333					5,333
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		0	18,856,352
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2022	423,181	$ 0	$ 189	287,295	1,432	134,265
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		400	18,892,791
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	349,727	$ 39,691	$ 189	292,854	3,102	13,891
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Preferred Stock dividends	(1,457)					(1,457)
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans (in shares)			245,638
Issuance of common stock under employee benefit plans	0		$ 3	(3)
Deemed repurchased shares of common and restricted stock for tax withholding (in shares)			(85,023)
Deemed repurchased shares of common and restricted stock for tax withholding	(995)		$ (1)	(994)
Stock-based compensation	2,224			2,224
Repurchased and retired shares of common stock (in shares)			(75,000)
Repurchased and retired shares of common stock	(371)		$ (1)	1		(371)
Other comprehensive gain	(22)
Other comprehensive loss	(475)				(475)
Net income (loss)	(5,740)					(5,740)
Ending balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		400	18,978,406
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 342,913	$ 39,691	$ 190	$ 294,082	$ 2,627	$ 6,323

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Operating activities
Net (loss) income	$ (5,740)	$ 5,333
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	7,756	8,148
Amortization of debt issuance costs	431	654
Stock-based compensation	2,224	2,356
Equity investment loss	5	5
Deferred income taxes	688	901
Loss on disposals of long-lived assets	1	793
Gain on acquisition	0	(4,533)
Other	0	5
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for bad debt	5,280	6,644
Prepaid expenses	(6,025)	(3,623)
Income tax receivable/payable	(2,318)	537
Operating leases, net	1,277	1,218
Other assets	(268)	241
Accounts payable	2,989	(2,492)
Accrued compensation and benefits	1,353	2,401
Accrued liabilities	(1)	2,492
Deferred revenue and student deposits	5,106	4,175
Net cash provided by operating activities	12,758	25,255
Investing activities
Cash received from acquisition, net of cash paid	0	1,932
Capital expenditures	(3,206)	(2,965)
Proceeds from the sale of real property	0	754
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,206)	(279)
Financing activities
Cash paid for repurchase of common stock	(1,366)	(1,444)
Preferred stock dividends paid	(1,455)	0
Cash paid for principal on borrowings and finance leases	(28)	(2,216)
Net cash used in financing activities	(2,849)	(3,660)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	6,703	21,316
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	129,458	149,627
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	136,161	170,943
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest paid	2,511	2,700
Income taxes paid	$ 62	$ 41

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Nature of the Business

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of the Business

Nature of the Business

American Public Education, Inc., or APEI, which together with its subsidiaries is referred to herein as the “Company,” is a provider of online and campus-based postsecondary education, and career learning through Graduate School USA, to students through the following subsidiary institutions:

•American Public University System, Inc., or APUS, provides online postsecondary education directed primarily at the needs of the military, military-affiliated, public service and service-minded communities through American Military University, or AMU, and American Public University, or APU. APUS is institutionally accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, or HLC.

•Rasmussen College, LLC, which is referred to herein as Rasmussen University, or RU, provides nursing- and health sciences-focused postsecondary education to students at its 22 campuses in six states and online. RU is institutionally accredited by the HLC.

•National Education Seminars, Inc., which is referred to herein as Hondros College of Nursing, or HCN, provides postsecondary nursing education to students enrolled at its eight campuses in three states. HCN is institutionally accredited by the Accrediting Bureau for Health Education Schools, or ABHES.

•American Public Training LLC, which is referred to herein as Graduate School USA, or GSUSA, provides career learning and leadership training in-person and online to the federal workforce. GSUSA is accredited by the Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training, or ACCET.

The Company’s subsidiary institutions are licensed or otherwise authorized by state authorities to offer education programs to the extent the institutions believe such licenses or authorizations are required, and APUS, RU, and HCN are certified by the United States Department of Education, or ED, to participate in student financial aid programs authorized under Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, or Title IV programs.

    The Company’s operations are organized into the following three reportable segments:

•American Public University System Segment, or APUS Segment. This segment reflects the operational activities of APUS.

•Rasmussen University Segment, or RU Segment. This segment reflects the operational activities of RU.

•Hondros College of Nursing Segment, or HCN Segment. This segment reflects the operational activities of HCN.

Adjustments to reconcile segment results to the Consolidated Financial Statements are included in “Corporate and Other”. These adjustments include unallocated corporate activity and eliminations, and the operational activities of GSUSA. GSUSA operates as a stand-alone subsidiary of APEI, but does not meet the quantitative thresholds to qualify as a reportable segment, and does not have other requisite characteristics as a reportable segment. Therefore, GSUSA’s results are combined and presented within “Corporate and Other”.

Please refer to “Note 9. Segment Information” for more information on the Company’s reporting segments.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

A summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies follows:

Basis of Presentation and Accounting

The accompanying unaudited, interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP.

Business Combinations

The Company accounts for business combinations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations, or FASB ASC 805, which requires the acquisition method to be used for all business combinations. Under ASC 805, the assets and liabilities of an acquired company are reported at business fair value along with the fair value of acquired intangible assets at the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the amount assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and the fair value assigned to identifiable intangible assets.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of APEI and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all the information and notes required by GAAP for audited annual financial statement presentations. In the opinion of management, these statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes in its audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, or the Annual Report.

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, the Company is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company evaluates these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis and bases its estimates on experience, current and expected future conditions and various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions, and the impact of such differences may be material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits with financial institutions, money market funds, and U.S. Treasury bills. Cash and cash equivalents are Level 1 assets in the fair value reporting hierarchy.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash includes funds held for students for unbilled educational services that were received from Title IV programs. As a trustee of these Title IV program funds, the Company is required to maintain and restrict these funds pursuant to the terms of the program participation agreement with ED. Restricted cash also includes amounts to secure letters of credit, including $24.2 million in a restricted certificate of deposit account to secure a letter of credit for the benefit of ED on behalf of RU in connection with RU’s 2020 composite score, which is used by ED for determining compliance with financial responsibility standards, being below the minimum required, and a $0.7 million restricted certificate of deposit to secure a letter of credit in lieu of a security deposit for a RU leased campus. Restricted cash on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, excluding the restricted certificates of deposit, was $2.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively. Total restricted cash as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $27.2 million and $26.9 million, respectively.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the amount assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized. The Company accounts for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with FASB ASC 350, Intangibles Goodwill and Other, and Accounting Standards Update, or ASU

2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The Company’s goodwill and intangible assets are deductible for tax purposes.

The Company annually assesses goodwill for impairment, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. Impairment testing consists of an optional qualitative assessment as well as a quantitative test. The quantitative test compares the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit is greater than zero and its fair value is greater than its carrying amount, there is no impairment. If the carrying value is greater than the fair value, the difference between the two values is recorded as an impairment.

Finite-lived intangible assets acquired in business combinations are recorded at fair value on their acquisition date and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset.

The Company reviews its indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If such assets are not recoverable, a potential impairment loss is recognized to the extent the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

For additional details regarding goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, please refer to “Note 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets” in these Consolidated Financial Statements.

Stock-based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Stock Compensation, which requires companies to expense share-based compensation based on fair value, and ASU 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Stock-based payments may include incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights, performance shares, performance units, cash-based awards, other stock-based awards, including unrestricted shares, or any combination of the foregoing.

    Stock-based compensation cost is recognized as expense generally over a three-year vesting period using the straight-line method for employees and the graded-vesting method for members of the Company’s Board of Directors. It is measured using the Company’s closing stock price on the date of the grant. An accelerated one-year period is used to recognize stock-based compensation cost for employees who have reached certain service and retirement eligibility criteria on the date of grant. The fair value of each option award is estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model that uses certain assumptions. The Company makes assumptions with respect to expected stock price volatility based on the average historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. In addition, the Company determines the risk-free interest rate by selecting the U.S. Treasury constant maturity for the same maturity as the estimated life of the option quoted on an investment basis in effect at the time of grant for that business day.

Judgment is required in estimating the percentage of share-based awards that are expected to vest, and in the case of performance stock units, or PSUs, the level of performance that will be achieved and the number of shares that will be earned. The Company estimates forfeitures of share-based awards at the time of grant and revises such estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from original estimates. The forfeiture assumption is ultimately adjusted to the actual forfeiture rate. If actual results differ significantly from these estimates, stock-based compensation expense could be higher and have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Estimates of fair value are subjective and are not intended to predict actual future events, and subsequent events are not indicative of the reasonableness of the original estimates of fair value made under ASC 718.

Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Instructional costs and services	$	279	$	459
Selling and promotional	229		296
General and administrative	1,716		1,601
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,224	$	2,356

Incentive-based Compensation

The Company provides incentive-based compensation opportunities to certain employees through cash incentive and equity awards. The expense associated with these awards is reflected within the Company’s operating expenses. For the years ending December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Management Development and Compensation Committee of the Board approved an annual incentive arrangement for senior management employees. The aggregate amount of awards payable, if any, is dependent upon the achievement of certain Company financial and operational goals and the satisfaction of individual performance goals. Given that the awards are generally contingent upon achieving annual objectives, final determination of the current year incentive awards cannot be made until after the results for the year are finalized. The Company recognizes the estimated fair value of performance-based restricted stock units by assuming the satisfaction of any performance-based objectives at the “target” level, which is the most probable outcome determined for accounting purposes at the time of grant, and multiplying the corresponding number of shares earned based upon such achievement by the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. To the extent performance goals are not met, compensation cost is not ultimately recognized against the goals and, to the extent previously recognized, compensation cost is reversed. Amounts accrued are subject to change in future interim periods if actual future financial results or operational performance are better or worse than expected. The Company recognized an aggregate expense associated with the Company’s current year annual incentive-based compensation plans of approximately $2.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to an aggregate expense of approximately $1.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Income Taxes

The Company determines its interim tax provision by applying the estimated income tax rate expected for the full calendar year to income before income taxes for the period adjusted for discrete items.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs issued by the FASB. All ASUs issued subsequent to the filing of the Annual Report on March 14, 2023 were assessed and determined to be either inapplicable or not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position and/or results of operations.

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Acquisition Activity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisition Activity

Acquisition Activity

Acquisition of Graduate School USA

On January 1, 2022, or the GSUSA Closing Date, the Company completed the GSUSA Acquisition pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement dated August 10, 2021 by and between American Public Training LLC, and Graduate School USA, or the Seller, for an aggregate purchase price of $1.0 million, subject to working capital adjustments. At closing, the Company received approximately $1.9 million from the Seller, which represents the estimated net working capital at closing net of the initial cash payment to the Seller of $0.5 million, which is the purchase price less $0.5 million retained by the Company to secure the indemnification obligations of the Seller. The purchase price reflects the $0.5 million due to the Seller post-closing, and additional adjustments to the estimated net working capital at closing.

The Company applied the acquisition method of accounting to the GSUSA Acquisition, whereby the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized at fair value on the GSUSA Closing Date. There was no goodwill recorded as a result of the GSUSA Acquisition, but an approximate $4.5 million noncash, non-taxable gain on the acquisition was recorded and is included as a separate line item on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The preliminary opening balance sheet was subject to adjustment based on a final assessment of the fair value of certain acquired assets and liabilities assumed. The Company had up to one year from the GSUSA Closing Date, or the measurement period, to complete the allocation of the purchase price. The Company completed its assessment of the fair values of certain acquired assets and liabilities assumed during the measurement period, and, as a result, during the second quarter of 2022, the Company recorded a $0.7 million decrease in the gain on acquisition for a net gain of $3.8 million in connection with the GSUSA Acquisition based on the final working capital adjustment.

The following table summarizes the components of the estimated consideration along with the purchase price allocation (in thousands):

Purchase Price Allocation	Amount
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,000
Working capital adjustment	(2,450)
Total consideration	(1,450)
Assets acquired:
Accounts receivable	4,282
Prepaid expenses	1,096
Property and equipment, net	400
Operating lease assets	31,635
Intangible assets	965
Total assets acquired	38,378
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	810
Deferred revenue	1,969
Lease liabilities, current	1,179
Lease liabilities, long-term	30,779
Deferred income taxes	1,263
Total liabilities assumed	36,000
Net assets acquired	2,378
Gain on acquisition	$	3,828

The gain on acquisition represents the excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over consideration paid. The consideration paid represents a substantial discount to the book value of GSUSA’s net assets at the GSUSA Closing Date, primarily due to the fair value adjustments related to the trade name, fixed assets, and right-of-use, or ROU, lease assets and liabilities compared to book value. The gain on acquisition was primarily the result of prior financial results, a lack of access to capital by the Seller, and the agreed upon purchase price that reflected the fact that GSUSA may need additional capital to fund operating losses.

The fair values of the customer contracts and relationships and trade name intangible assets were determined using the income-based approach. The fair values of the curricula and accreditation and licensing identified intangible assets were determined using the cost approach. The table below presents a summary of intangible assets acquired and the useful lives of these assets (in thousands):

Intangible Assets	Useful life	Amount
Customer contracts and relationships	2.5 years	$	744
Curricula	3 years	158
Trade name	1 year	35
Accreditation and licenses	2.5 years	28
		$	965

Pro forma financial information relating to the GSUSA Acquisition is not presented because the GSUSA Acquisition did not represent a significant business acquisition for the Company.

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Revenue

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue

    In the following table, revenue, shown net of grants and scholarships, is disaggregated by type of service provided. The table also includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the reportable segments (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	(Unaudited)
	APUS		RU		HCN		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships	$	73,422	$	48,196	$	10,981	$	5,104	$	137,703
Graduation fees	369		—		—		—		369
Textbook and other course materials	—		8,707		1,994		—		10,701
Other fees	187		564		165		—		916
Total Revenue	$	73,978	$	57,467	$	13,140	$	5,104	$	149,689

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
	APUS		RU		HCN		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships	$	72,585	$	55,917	$	9,733	$	3,017	$	141,252
Graduation fees	335		—		—		—		335
Textbook and other course materials	—		10,294		1,663		—		11,957
Other fees	170		888		145		—		1,203
Total Revenue	$	73,090	$	67,099	$	11,541	$	3,017	$	154,747

Corporate and Other includes tuition and contract training revenue earned by GSUSA and the elimination of intersegment revenue for courses taken by employees of one segment at other segments.

Contract Balances and Performance Obligations

The Company had no contract assets or deferred contract costs as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The Company recognizes a contract liability, or deferred revenue, when a student begins a course, in the case of APUS and GSUSA, or starts a term, in the case of RU and HCN. Deferred revenue at March 31, 2023 was $28.9 million and included $17.1 million in future revenue that had not yet been earned for courses and terms that were in progress, as well as $11.8 million in consideration received in advance for future courses or terms, or student deposits. Deferred revenue at December 31, 2022 was $23.8 million and included $13.0 million in future revenue that had not yet been earned for courses and terms that were in progress, as well as $10.8 million in student deposits. Deferred revenue represents the Company’s performance obligation to transfer future instructional services to students. The Company’s remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price allocated to future reporting periods.

The Company has elected, as a practical expedient, not to disclose additional information about unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with students that have an expected duration of one year or less.

When the Company begins performing its obligations, a contract receivable is created, resulting in accounts receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company accounts for receivables in accordance with FASB ASC 310, Receivables. The Company uses the portfolio approach, a practical expedient, to evaluate if a contract exists and to assess collectability at the time of contract inception based on historical experience. Contracts are subsequently reviewed for collectability if significant events or circumstances indicate a change.

The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on management’s evaluation of the status of existing accounts receivable. Among other factors, management considers the age of the receivable, the anticipated source of payment, and historical allowance considerations. Consideration is also given to any specific known risk areas among the existing accounts receivable balances. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded when received. APUS, RU, and GSUSA do not charge interest on past due accounts receivable. HCN charges interest on payment plans when a student graduates or otherwise exits the program. Interest charged by HCN on payment plans was immaterial for the periods presented.

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Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

The Company’s principal leasing activities include leases for facilities, which are classified as operating leases, and, as a result of the GSUSA Acquisition, leases for copiers and printers, classified as finance leases.

Leases are classified as operating leases unless they meet any of the criteria below to be classified as a finance lease:

•the lease transfers ownership of the asset at the end of the lease;

•the lease grants an option to purchase the asset which the lessee is expected to exercise;

•the lease term reflects a major part of the asset’s economic life;

•the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds the fair value of the asset; or

•the asset is specialized with no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the term.    

Operating Leases

The Company has operating leases for office space and campus facilities. Some leases include options to terminate or extend for one or more years. These options are included in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. The Company leases corporate office space in Maryland and, beginning in January 2023, in Florida, under operating leases that expire in May 2024 and January 2026, respectively. The RU Segment leases administrative office space in suburban Chicago, Illinois, and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and leases 22 campuses located in six states under operating leases that expire through October 2033. The HCN Segment leases administrative office space in suburban Columbus, Ohio, and leases eight campuses located in three states under operating leases that expire through June 2032. GSUSA leases classroom and administrative office space in Washington, D.C. and Honolulu, Hawaii, under operating leases that expire through September 2036.

Operating lease assets are ROU assets, which represent the right to use the underlying assets for the lease term. Operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating leases are included in the operating lease assets, net, and lease liabilities, current and long-term, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. When the lease does not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate based on information available at lease commencement to determine the present value of the lease payments. The ROU assets include all remaining lease payments and exclude lease incentives.

Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. There are no variable lease payments. Lease expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $5.3 million and $5.0 million, respectively. These costs are primarily related to long-term operating leases, but also include amounts for short-term leases with terms greater than 30 days that are not material. Cash paid for amounts included in the present value of operating lease liabilities during the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $4.9 million and $4.8 million, respectively, and is included in operating cash flows.

Finance Leases

In connection with the GSUSA Acquisition, the Company acquired leases for copiers and printers that are classified as finance leases and expire on December 31, 2024. The Company pledged the assets financed to secure the outstanding leases. As of March 31, 2023, the total finance lease liability was $0.2 million, with an average interest rate of 3.75%. The ROU assets are recorded within Property and equipment, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Lease amortization expense associated with the Company’s finance leases was approximately $0.03 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is recorded within Depreciation and amortization expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The following tables present information about the amount and timing of cash flows arising from the Company’s operating and finance leases as of March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

Maturity of Lease Liabilities (Unaudited)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023 (remaining)	$	13,292	$	86
2024	17,851		113
2025	16,323		—
2026	15,782		—
2027	15,183		—
2028	13,990		—
2029 and beyond	52,480		—
Total future minimum lease payments	$	144,901	$	199
Less: imputed interest	(28,850)		(7)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	116,051	$	192
Less: lease liabilities, current	(13,409)		(108)
Lease liabilities, long-term	$	102,642	$	84

Balance Sheet Classification (Unaudited)
Current
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	13,409
Finance lease liabilities, current	108
Long-term
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	102,642
Finance lease liabilities, long-term	84
Total lease liabilities	$	116,243

Other Information (Unaudited)
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases	8.86
Finance leases	1.75
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases	4.4	%
Finance leases	3.8	%

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

    In connection with its acquisitions, the Company has applied FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations, using the acquisition method of accounting. The Company recorded $217.4 million and $38.6 million of goodwill in connection with the RU and HCN acquisitions, respectively, representing the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including identifiable intangible assets. The Company later recorded non-cash impairment charges reducing the carrying value of RU and HCN goodwill to $86.0 million and $26.6 million, respectively. There was no goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisition of GSUSA.

The Company accounts for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with FASB ASC 350, Intangibles Goodwill and Other, and ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The Company annually assesses goodwill for impairment, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. Goodwill impairment testing consists of an optional qualitative assessment as well as a quantitative test. The quantitative test compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit is greater than zero and its fair value is greater than its carrying amount, there is no impairment. If the carrying value is greater than the fair value, the difference between the two values is recorded as an impairment.

At March 31, 2023 the Company performed a qualitative analysis for our RU and HCN Segments’ goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. As part of the analysis, the Company considered all the events and circumstances listed in FASB ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, in addition to other entity-specific factors. Factors considered include: RU and HCN’s financial and enrollment performance against internal targets; economic factors; RU key leadership changes including the appointment of a new President and appointees to other significant leadership roles; and the continued favorable growth outlook for nursing education. In addition, the Company considered the 2022 annual quantitative analysis performed and concluded that the events in the first quarter of 2023 did not have a significant impact on the fair value of our RU Segment. After completing the qualitative review of goodwill for the RU and HCN Segments for the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company concluded it was more likely than not that the fair value of the RU and HCN Segments were more than the carrying value and therefore it was not necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. The Company determined that there was no impairment of RU or HCN Segment goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Company’s 2022 annual assessment concluded that the fair value of RU and HCN exceeded their carrying values by approximately $10.0 million, or 5%, and $4.9 million, or 13%, respectively.

Determining fair value requires judgment and the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including fluctuations in enrollments, revenue growth rates, operating margins, discount rates, and future market conditions, among others. Given the current competitive and regulatory environment and the uncertainties regarding the related impact on the business, there can be no assurance that the estimates and assumptions made for purposes of the Company’s interim and annual goodwill impairment tests will prove to be accurate predictions of the future. If the Company’s assumptions are not realized, the Company may record additional goodwill impairment charges in future periods. It is not possible at this time to determine if any such future impairment charge would result or whether such charge would be material.

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	APUS Segment		RU Segment		HCN Segment		Total Goodwill
	(Unaudited)
Goodwill as of December 31, 2022	$	—	$	86,030	$	26,563	$	112,593
Goodwill acquired	—		—		—		—
Impairment	—		—		—		—
Adjustments	—		—		—		—
Goodwill as of March 31, 2023	$	—	$	86,030	$	26,563	$	112,593

In addition to goodwill, in connection with the acquisitions of RU and HCN, the Company recorded identified intangible assets with an indefinite useful life in the aggregate amount of $51.0 million and $3.7 million, respectively, which include trade name, accreditation, licensing, and Title IV, and affiliate agreements. The Company later recorded non-cash

impairment charges reducing the carrying value of RU identified intangible assets with an indefinite useful life to $35.5 million. There were no indefinite useful life intangible assets identified as a result of the GSUSA Acquisition. There are no indefinite-lived intangible assets in our APUS Segment.

The Company recorded $35.5 million, $4.4 million and $1.0 million, of identified intangible assets with a definite useful life in connection with the acquisitions of RU, HCN and GSUSA, respectively. There are no definite-lived intangible assets in our APUS Segment. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded amortization expense related to definite lived intangibles assets of $3.9 million and $4.0 million, respectively.

The following table represents the balance of the Company’s intangible assets as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Impairment		Net Carrying Amount
	(Unaudited)
Finite-lived intangible assets
Student roster	$	20,000	$	15,833	$	—	$	4,167
Curricula	14,563		7,860		—		6,703
Student and customer contracts and relationships	4,614		4,242		—		372
Lead conversions	1,500		1,187		—		313
Non-compete agreements	86		86		—		—
Tradename	35		35		—		—
Accreditation and licenses	28		14		—		14
Total finite-lived intangible assets	$	40,826	$	29,257	$	—	$	11,569
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trade name	28,498		—		—		28,498
Accreditation, licensing, and Title IV	26,186		—		15,500		10,686
Affiliation agreements	37		—		—		37
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	54,721		—		15,500		39,221
Total intangible assets	$	95,547	$	29,257	$	15,500	$	50,790

The following table represents the balance of the Company’s intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Impairment		Net Carrying Amount
Finite-lived intangible assets
Student roster	$	20,000	$	13,333	$	—	$	6,667
Curricula	14,563		6,680		—		7,883
Student contracts and relationships	4,614		4,168		—		446
Lead conversions	1,500		1,000		—		500
Non-compete agreements	86		86		—		—
Tradename	35		35		—		—
Accreditation and licenses	28		11		—		17
Total finite-lived intangible assets	$	40,826	$	25,313	$	—	$	15,513
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trade name	28,498		—		—		28,498
Accreditation, licensing, and Title IV	26,186		—		15,500		10,686
Affiliation agreements	37		—		—		37
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	54,721		—		15,500		39,221
Total intangible assets	$	95,547	$	25,313	$	15,500	$	54,734

For additional information on goodwill and intangible assets, see the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes in the Annual Report.

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Earnings Per Common Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Common Share

Earnings Per Common Share

Earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net (loss) income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Net (loss) income available to common stockholders is net (loss) income adjusted for preferred stock dividends declared. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net (loss) income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, increased by the shares used in the per share calculation by the dilutive effects of restricted stock and option awards. The table below reflects the calculation of earnings per common share and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, on an as if converted basis, used in computing basic and diluted earnings per common share (in thousands, expect per share amounts).

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Earnings per common share
Net (loss) income	$	(5,740)	$	5,333
Preferred Stock Dividend	1,457		—
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(7,197)	$	5,333
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	18,982		18,805
(Loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.38)	$	0.28
Diluted earnings per common share
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(7,197)	$	5,333
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	18,982		18,805
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and options	90		74
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	19,072		18,879
Diluted (loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.38)	$	0.28

The table below reflects a summary of securities that could potentially dilute basic earnings per common share in future periods that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been antidilutive (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023	2022
	(Unaudited)
Antidilutive securities:
Stock options	136	103
Restricted shares	666	173
Total antidilutive securities	802	276

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Long-Term Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Long-Term DebtIn connection with the Rasmussen Acquisition, APEI, as borrower, entered into a Credit Agreement with Macquarie Capital Funding LLC, or the Credit Agreement, as administrative agent and collateral agent, or the Agent, Macquarie Capital USA Inc. and Truist Securities, Inc., as lead arrangers and joint bookrunners, and certain lenders party thereto, or the Lenders. The Credit Agreement provides for (i) a senior secured term loan facility in an aggregate original principal amount of $175 million, or the Term Loan, with a scheduled maturity date of September 1, 2027 and (ii) a senior secured revolving loan facility in an aggregate commitment amount of $20.0 million, or the Revolving Credit Facility, which together with the Term Loan is referred to as the Facilities, with a scheduled maturity date of September 1, 2026, the full capacity of which may be utilized for the issuance of letters of credit. The Revolving Credit Facility also includes a $5.0 million sub-facility for swing line loans. The Term Loan, the proceeds of which were used as part of the cash consideration for the Rasmussen Acquisition, was fully funded

on the Closing Date and is presented net of deferred financing fees on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Deferred financing fees are being amortized using the effective interest method over the term of the Term Loan. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the remaining unamortized deferred financing fees were $5.5 million and $5.9 million, respectively. Deferred financing fees of $0.5 million related to the Revolving Credit Facility were recorded as an asset and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Revolving Credit Facility. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Outstanding borrowings under the Facilities bear interest at a per annum rate equal to LIBOR (subject to a 0.75% floor) plus 5.50%, which shall increase by an additional 2.00% on all past due obligations if APEI fails to pay any amount when due. As of March 31, 2023, the Facilities borrowing rate was 10.13%, excluding any offset from the interest rate cap agreement described below. An unused commitment fee in the amount of 0.50% is payable quarterly in arrears based on the average daily unused amount of the commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility.

In December 2022, APEI made prepayments totaling $65.0 million on the Term Loan. With this prepayment, APEI is not required to make quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan until payment of the outstanding principal amount at maturity in September 2027.

The Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on APEI’s and its subsidiaries’ abilities, among other things, to incur additional debt, grant or permit additional liens, make investments and acquisitions, merge or consolidate with others, dispose of assets, pay dividends and distributions, and enter into affiliate transactions, in each case, subject to certain exceptions, as well as customary representations, warranties, events of default, and remedies upon default, including acceleration and rights to foreclose on the collateral securing the Facilities. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant that requires APEI to maintain a Total Net Leverage Ratio of no greater than 2.0 to 1.0. As of March 31, 2023, APEI was in compliance with all debt covenants.

For additional information on certain restrictions placed on the Company’s indebtedness pursuant to the terms of the Company’s Series A Senior Preferred stock, please refer to “Note 12. Preferred Stock” in these Consolidated Financial Statements.

Long-term debt consists of the following as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Credit agreement	$	99,063	$	99,063
Deferred financing fees	(5,506)		(5,912)
Total debt	93,557		93,151
Less: Current portion	—		—
Long-Term Debt	$	93,557	$	93,151

Scheduled maturities of long-term debt at March 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

Maturities of Long-Term Debt (Unaudited)	Loan Payments
2027	99,063
Total	99,063

Derivatives and Hedging

The Company is subject to interest rate risk, as all outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement are subject to a variable rate of interest. On September 30, 2021, the Company entered into an interest rate cap agreement to manage its exposure to the variable rate of interest with a total notional value of $87.5 million. This interest rate cap agreement, designated as a cash flow hedge, provides the Company with interest rate protection in the event the LIBOR rate exceeds 2.0%. The interest rate cap was effective October 1, 2021 and will expire on January 1, 2025.

Changes in the fair value of the interest rate cap designated as a hedging instrument that effectively offset the variability of cash flows associated with the Company’s variable-rate long-term debt obligations are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income. These amounts subsequently are reclassified into interest expense as a yield adjustment of the hedged interest payments in the same period in which the related interest affects earnings.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of the interest rate cap totaled $3.9 million and $4.5 million, respectively, and was recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The unrealized loss of $22,000, net of taxes, is included in accumulated other comprehensive income. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company reclassified approximately $0.6 million from other comprehensive income to interest expense. The Company estimates that approximately $2.6 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into interest expense during the next twelve months.

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Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

The Company has three reportable segments: the APUS Segment, the RU Segment, and the HCN Segment. GSUSA does not meet the quantitative thresholds to qualify as a reportable segment, and does not have other requisite characteristics as a reportable segment, therefore, its operational activities are presented below within “Corporate and Other”. Adjustments to reconcile segment results to the Consolidated Financial Statements, including unallocated corporate activity and eliminations, are also included in “Corporate and Other”.

In accordance with FASB ASC 280, Segment Reporting, the chief operating decision-maker has been identified as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the APUS, RU, and HCN Segments.

A summary of financial information by reportable segment is as follows (in thousands):    

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Revenue:
APUS Segment	$	73,978	$	73,090
RU Segment	57,467		67,099
HCN Segment	13,140		11,541
Corporate and Other	5,104		3,017
Total Revenue	$	149,689	$	154,747
Depreciation and amortization:
APUS Segment	$	1,400	$	1,701
RU Segment	5,927		6,079
HCN Segment	290		222
Corporate and Other	139		146
Total Depreciation and amortization	$	7,756	$	8,148
Income (loss) from operations before interest and income taxes:
APUS Segment	$	17,074	$	13,182
RU Segment	(12,864)		891
HCN Segment	(1,303)		(995)
Corporate and Other	(8,277)		(7,878)
Total (loss) income from operations before interest and income taxes	$	(5,370)	$	5,200
Interest income (expense):
APUS Segment	$	160	$	39
RU Segment	1		3
HCN Segment	19		2
Corporate and Other	(1,959)		(3,399)
Total Interest expense	$	(1,779)	$	(3,355)
Income tax expense (benefit):
APUS Segment	$	5,513	$	4,674
RU Segment	(3,954)		306
HCN Segment	(345)		(316)
Corporate and Other	(2,628)		(3,624)
Total Income tax (benefit) expense	$	(1,414)	$	1,040
Capital expenditures:
APUS Segment	$	300	$	441
RU Segment	2,006		1,924
HCN Segment	827		500
Corporate and Other	73		100
Total Capital Expenditures	$	3,206	$	2,965

A summary of the Company’s consolidated assets by reportable segment is as follows (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Assets:
APUS Segment	$	125,170	$	113,551
RU Segment	297,980		300,625
HCN Segment	64,109		59,820
Corporate and Other	131,263		141,060
Total Assets	$	618,522	$	615,056

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

The Company accrues for costs associated with contingencies, including, but not limited to, regulatory compliance and legal matters, when such costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Liabilities established to provide for contingencies are adjusted as further information develops, circumstances change, or contingencies are resolved. The Company bases these accruals on management’s estimate of such costs, which may vary from the ultimate costs and expenses, associated with any such contingency.

     From time to time, the Company is involved in legal matters in the normal course of its business.

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Concentration

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Concentration

Concentration

    The Company’s students utilize various payment sources and programs to finance their education expenses, including funds from: the U.S. Department of Defense, or DoD, tuition assistance programs, or TA; education benefit programs administered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or VA; federal student aid from Title IV programs; and cash and other sources.

     A summary of APUS Segment revenue derived from students by primary funding source is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	(Unaudited)
	2023	2022
DoD tuition assistance programs	49%	48%
VA education benefits	21%	21%
Title IV programs	16%	18%
Cash and other sources	14%	13%

A summary of RU Segment revenue derived from students by primary funding source is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	(Unaudited)
	2023	2022
Title IV programs	74%	74%
Cash and other sources	24%	24%
VA education benefits	2%	2%

    A summary of HCN Segment revenue derived from students by primary funding source is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	(Unaudited)
	2023	2022
Title IV programs	79%	79%
Cash and other sources	20%	19%
VA education benefits	1%	2%

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Preferred Stock

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Preferred Stock

Preferred Stock

On December 28, 2022, APEI issued $40 million of the Series A Senior Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, to affiliates of existing common stockholders of the Company.

The Series A Senior Preferred Stock has cumulative dividends that accrue daily at the initial annual rate, which is equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR (selected by the Company for each divided period), plus 10.00%, or an initial rate of 14.55% for the first dividend period, a quarterly dividend period. On the 30-month anniversary of issuance, the dividend rate spread shall increase by 2.00% per annum and shall increase by 0.50% per annum at the beginning of each full fiscal quarter thereafter. The dividend rate spread increases 6% in the event of default, a change of control, or other non-compliance as noted in the related Certificate of Designation and the purchase agreement for the shares of Series A Senior Preferred Stock, or the Purchase Agreement. Other than an increase in the dividend rate spread relating to default, in no event will the dividend rate spread exceed SOFR plus 25.00%. As of March 31, 2023, the dividend rate was 14.88% based on a three-month dividend period. Dividend periods will be monthly, every three months or every six months, at the Company’s option, and the Company currently anticipates using a three-month period. Dividends will be paid, after declaration by the Company’s Board of Directors, for each dividend period. If the Company selects a six-month dividend period, an interim dividend payment will be required for each three-month period therein. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2023, $1.5 million of dividends were declared and paid on preferred stock.

The Series A Senior Preferred Stock has no stated maturity, is not convertible, is not subject to any mandatory redemption, sinking fund or other similar provisions, and will remain outstanding unless redeemed at the Company’s option. The Company has the right to redeem the preferred stock pro rata in whole or in part at the price per share equal to the liquidation preference, or the Liquidation Preference, plus any applicable early premium amount noted in the Certificate of Designation and Purchase Agreement.

The Liquidation Preference of $60.8 million and $62.2 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. respectively, is based on the occurrence of a liquidation event, which is also considered an event of default as defined in the Certificate of Designation, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Liquidation Preference includes an early redemption premium amount and a make-whole payment for any redemption of the securities prior to June 30, 2025. As of March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the make-whole payment included in the Liquidation Preference was $17.8 million and $19.3 million, respectively. The make-whole payment included in the Liquidation Preference will be reduced quarterly until June 30, 2025 at which time it will be eliminated. Events of default include an increase of the dividend rate spread of 6.00% and an early premium amount, as defined in the Certificate of Designation.

The Series A Senior Preferred Stock has no voting rights for directors or otherwise, except as required by law or with respect to certain protective provisions. Without the consent of at least 60% of the then outstanding shares of Series A Senior Preferred Stock, with certain exceptions, the Company may not, among other things, (i) incur any indebtedness if such incurrence would cause the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) to exceed 0.75:1, (ii) issue any capital stock senior to or pari passu with the Series A Senior Preferred Stock, (iii) declare or pay any cash dividends on the Company’s common stock, or (iv) repurchase more than an aggregate of $30 million of the Company’s common stock.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Accounting

Basis of Presentation and AccountingThe accompanying unaudited, interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP.

Business Combinations

Business CombinationsThe Company accounts for business combinations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations, or FASB ASC 805, which requires the acquisition method to be used for all business combinations. Under ASC 805, the assets and liabilities of an acquired company are reported at business fair value along with the fair value of acquired intangible assets at the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the amount assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and the fair value assigned to identifiable intangible assets.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of APEI and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The unaudited interim Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all the information and notes required by GAAP for audited annual financial statement presentations. In the opinion of management, these statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes in its audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, or the Annual Report.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with GAAP, the Company is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company evaluates these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis and bases its estimates on experience, current and expected future conditions and various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions, and the impact of such differences may be material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of demand deposits with financial institutions, money market funds, and U.S. Treasury bills. Cash and cash equivalents are Level 1 assets in the fair value reporting hierarchy.

Restricted Cash

Restricted Cash Restricted cash includes funds held for students for unbilled educational services that were received from Title IV programs. As a trustee of these Title IV program funds, the Company is required to maintain and restrict these funds pursuant to the terms of the program participation agreement with ED. Restricted cash also includes amounts to secure letters of credit, including $24.2 million in a restricted certificate of deposit account to secure a letter of credit for the benefit of ED on behalf of RU in connection with RU’s 2020 composite score, which is used by ED for determining compliance with financial responsibility standards, being below the minimum required, and a $0.7 million restricted certificate of deposit to secure a letter of credit in lieu of a security deposit for a RU leased campus.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the amount assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized. The Company accounts for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets in accordance with FASB ASC 350, Intangibles Goodwill and Other, and Accounting Standards Update, or ASU

2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The Company’s goodwill and intangible assets are deductible for tax purposes.

The Company annually assesses goodwill for impairment, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. Impairment testing consists of an optional qualitative assessment as well as a quantitative test. The quantitative test compares the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit is greater than zero and its fair value is greater than its carrying amount, there is no impairment. If the carrying value is greater than the fair value, the difference between the two values is recorded as an impairment.

Finite-lived intangible assets acquired in business combinations are recorded at fair value on their acquisition date and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset.

The Company reviews its indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If such assets are not recoverable, a potential impairment loss is recognized to the extent the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

For additional details regarding goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, please refer to “Note 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets” in these Consolidated Financial Statements.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Stock Compensation, which requires companies to expense share-based compensation based on fair value, and ASU 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Stock-based payments may include incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights, performance shares, performance units, cash-based awards, other stock-based awards, including unrestricted shares, or any combination of the foregoing.

    Stock-based compensation cost is recognized as expense generally over a three-year vesting period using the straight-line method for employees and the graded-vesting method for members of the Company’s Board of Directors. It is measured using the Company’s closing stock price on the date of the grant. An accelerated one-year period is used to recognize stock-based compensation cost for employees who have reached certain service and retirement eligibility criteria on the date of grant. The fair value of each option award is estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model that uses certain assumptions. The Company makes assumptions with respect to expected stock price volatility based on the average historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. In addition, the Company determines the risk-free interest rate by selecting the U.S. Treasury constant maturity for the same maturity as the estimated life of the option quoted on an investment basis in effect at the time of grant for that business day.

Judgment is required in estimating the percentage of share-based awards that are expected to vest, and in the case of performance stock units, or PSUs, the level of performance that will be achieved and the number of shares that will be earned. The Company estimates forfeitures of share-based awards at the time of grant and revises such estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from original estimates. The forfeiture assumption is ultimately adjusted to the actual forfeiture rate. If actual results differ significantly from these estimates, stock-based compensation expense could be higher and have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Estimates of fair value are subjective and are not intended to predict actual future events, and subsequent events are not indicative of the reasonableness of the original estimates of fair value made under ASC 718.

Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Instructional costs and services	$	279	$	459
Selling and promotional	229		296
General and administrative	1,716		1,601
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,224	$	2,356

Incentive-based Compensation

The Company provides incentive-based compensation opportunities to certain employees through cash incentive and equity awards. The expense associated with these awards is reflected within the Company’s operating expenses. For the years ending December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Management Development and Compensation Committee of the Board approved an annual incentive arrangement for senior management employees. The aggregate amount of awards payable, if any, is dependent upon the achievement of certain Company financial and operational goals and the satisfaction of individual performance goals. Given that the awards are generally contingent upon achieving annual objectives, final determination of the current year incentive awards cannot be made until after the results for the year are finalized. The Company recognizes the estimated fair value of performance-based restricted stock units by assuming the satisfaction of any performance-based objectives at the “target” level, which is the most probable outcome determined for accounting purposes at the time of grant, and multiplying the corresponding number of shares earned based upon such achievement by the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant. To the extent performance goals are not met, compensation cost is not ultimately recognized against the goals and, to the extent previously recognized, compensation cost is reversed. Amounts accrued are subject to change in future interim periods if actual future financial results or operational performance are better or worse than expected. The Company recognized an aggregate expense associated with the Company’s current year annual incentive-based compensation plans of approximately $2.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to an aggregate expense of approximately $1.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company determines its interim tax provision by applying the estimated income tax rate expected for the full calendar year to income before income taxes for the period adjusted for discrete items.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs issued by the FASB. All ASUs issued subsequent to the filing of the Annual Report on March 14, 2023 were assessed and determined to be either inapplicable or not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position and/or results of operations.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

The Company accrues for costs associated with contingencies, including, but not limited to, regulatory compliance and legal matters, when such costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Liabilities established to provide for contingencies are adjusted as further information develops, circumstances change, or contingencies are resolved. The Company bases these accruals on management’s estimate of such costs, which may vary from the ultimate costs and expenses, associated with any such contingency.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Stock-based Compensation Cost Charged Against Income

Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Instructional costs and services	$	279	$	459
Selling and promotional	229		296
General and administrative	1,716		1,601
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	2,224	$	2,356

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Acquisition Activity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Schedule of Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed Based on the Fair Values

The following table summarizes the components of the estimated consideration along with the purchase price allocation (in thousands):

Purchase Price Allocation	Amount
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,000
Working capital adjustment	(2,450)
Total consideration	(1,450)
Assets acquired:
Accounts receivable	4,282
Prepaid expenses	1,096
Property and equipment, net	400
Operating lease assets	31,635
Intangible assets	965
Total assets acquired	38,378
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	810
Deferred revenue	1,969
Lease liabilities, current	1,179
Lease liabilities, long-term	30,779
Deferred income taxes	1,263
Total liabilities assumed	36,000
Net assets acquired	2,378
Gain on acquisition	$	3,828

Schedule of Finite-Lived and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets Acquired as Part of Business Combination

The fair values of the customer contracts and relationships and trade name intangible assets were determined using the income-based approach. The fair values of the curricula and accreditation and licensing identified intangible assets were determined using the cost approach. The table below presents a summary of intangible assets acquired and the useful lives of these assets (in thousands):

Intangible Assets	Useful life	Amount
Customer contracts and relationships	2.5 years	$	744
Curricula	3 years	158
Trade name	1 year	35
Accreditation and licenses	2.5 years	28
		$	965

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Revenue (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

In the following table, revenue, shown net of grants and scholarships, is disaggregated by type of service provided. The table also includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the reportable segments (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	(Unaudited)
	APUS		RU		HCN		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships	$	73,422	$	48,196	$	10,981	$	5,104	$	137,703
Graduation fees	369		—		—		—		369
Textbook and other course materials	—		8,707		1,994		—		10,701
Other fees	187		564		165		—		916
Total Revenue	$	73,978	$	57,467	$	13,140	$	5,104	$	149,689

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
	APUS		RU		HCN		Corporate and Other		Consolidated
Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships	$	72,585	$	55,917	$	9,733	$	3,017	$	141,252
Graduation fees	335		—		—		—		335
Textbook and other course materials	—		10,294		1,663		—		11,957
Other fees	170		888		145		—		1,203
Total Revenue	$	73,090	$	67,099	$	11,541	$	3,017	$	154,747

Corporate and Other includes tuition and contract training revenue earned by GSUSA and the elimination of intersegment revenue for courses taken by employees of one segment at other segments.

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Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Minimum Rental Commitments

The following tables present information about the amount and timing of cash flows arising from the Company’s operating and finance leases as of March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

Maturity of Lease Liabilities (Unaudited)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2023 (remaining)	$	13,292	$	86
2024	17,851		113
2025	16,323		—
2026	15,782		—
2027	15,183		—
2028	13,990		—
2029 and beyond	52,480		—
Total future minimum lease payments	$	144,901	$	199
Less: imputed interest	(28,850)		(7)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	116,051	$	192
Less: lease liabilities, current	(13,409)		(108)
Lease liabilities, long-term	$	102,642	$	84

Balance Sheet Classification (Unaudited)
Current
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	13,409
Finance lease liabilities, current	108
Long-term
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	102,642
Finance lease liabilities, long-term	84
Total lease liabilities	$	116,243

Schedule of Information Related to Leases

Other Information (Unaudited)
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)
Operating leases	8.86
Finance leases	1.75
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases	4.4	%
Finance leases	3.8	%

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reportable segment for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	APUS Segment		RU Segment		HCN Segment		Total Goodwill
	(Unaudited)
Goodwill as of December 31, 2022	$	—	$	86,030	$	26,563	$	112,593
Goodwill acquired	—		—		—		—
Impairment	—		—		—		—
Adjustments	—		—		—		—
Goodwill as of March 31, 2023	$	—	$	86,030	$	26,563	$	112,593

Schedule of Intangible Assets and Goodwill

The following table represents the balance of the Company’s intangible assets as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands):

	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Impairment		Net Carrying Amount
	(Unaudited)
Finite-lived intangible assets
Student roster	$	20,000	$	15,833	$	—	$	4,167
Curricula	14,563		7,860		—		6,703
Student and customer contracts and relationships	4,614		4,242		—		372
Lead conversions	1,500		1,187		—		313
Non-compete agreements	86		86		—		—
Tradename	35		35		—		—
Accreditation and licenses	28		14		—		14
Total finite-lived intangible assets	$	40,826	$	29,257	$	—	$	11,569
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trade name	28,498		—		—		28,498
Accreditation, licensing, and Title IV	26,186		—		15,500		10,686
Affiliation agreements	37		—		—		37
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	54,721		—		15,500		39,221
Total intangible assets	$	95,547	$	29,257	$	15,500	$	50,790

The following table represents the balance of the Company’s intangible assets as of December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Impairment		Net Carrying Amount
Finite-lived intangible assets
Student roster	$	20,000	$	13,333	$	—	$	6,667
Curricula	14,563		6,680		—		7,883
Student contracts and relationships	4,614		4,168		—		446
Lead conversions	1,500		1,000		—		500
Non-compete agreements	86		86		—		—
Tradename	35		35		—		—
Accreditation and licenses	28		11		—		17
Total finite-lived intangible assets	$	40,826	$	25,313	$	—	$	15,513
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Trade name	28,498		—		—		28,498
Accreditation, licensing, and Title IV	26,186		—		15,500		10,686
Affiliation agreements	37		—		—		37
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	54,721		—		15,500		39,221
Total intangible assets	$	95,547	$	25,313	$	15,500	$	54,734

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Earnings Per Common Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share

The table below reflects the calculation of earnings per common share and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, on an as if converted basis, used in computing basic and diluted earnings per common share (in thousands, expect per share amounts).

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Earnings per common share
Net (loss) income	$	(5,740)	$	5,333
Preferred Stock Dividend	1,457		—
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(7,197)	$	5,333
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	18,982		18,805
(Loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.38)	$	0.28
Diluted earnings per common share
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$	(7,197)	$	5,333
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	18,982		18,805
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and options	90		74
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	19,072		18,879
Diluted (loss) earnings per common share	$	(0.38)	$	0.28

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities

The table below reflects a summary of securities that could potentially dilute basic earnings per common share in future periods that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been antidilutive (in thousands).

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023	2022
	(Unaudited)
Antidilutive securities:
Stock options	136	103
Restricted shares	666	173
Total antidilutive securities	802	276

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Long-Term Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-term Debt Instruments

Long-term debt consists of the following as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Credit agreement	$	99,063	$	99,063
Deferred financing fees	(5,506)		(5,912)
Total debt	93,557		93,151
Less: Current portion	—		—
Long-Term Debt	$	93,557	$	93,151

Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt

Scheduled maturities of long-term debt at March 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):

Maturities of Long-Term Debt (Unaudited)	Loan Payments
2027	99,063
Total	99,063

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Segment Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Summary of Financial Information by Reportable Segment

A summary of financial information by reportable segment is as follows (in thousands):    

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
	(Unaudited)
Revenue:
APUS Segment	$	73,978	$	73,090
RU Segment	57,467		67,099
HCN Segment	13,140		11,541
Corporate and Other	5,104		3,017
Total Revenue	$	149,689	$	154,747
Depreciation and amortization:
APUS Segment	$	1,400	$	1,701
RU Segment	5,927		6,079
HCN Segment	290		222
Corporate and Other	139		146
Total Depreciation and amortization	$	7,756	$	8,148
Income (loss) from operations before interest and income taxes:
APUS Segment	$	17,074	$	13,182
RU Segment	(12,864)		891
HCN Segment	(1,303)		(995)
Corporate and Other	(8,277)		(7,878)
Total (loss) income from operations before interest and income taxes	$	(5,370)	$	5,200
Interest income (expense):
APUS Segment	$	160	$	39
RU Segment	1		3
HCN Segment	19		2
Corporate and Other	(1,959)		(3,399)
Total Interest expense	$	(1,779)	$	(3,355)
Income tax expense (benefit):
APUS Segment	$	5,513	$	4,674
RU Segment	(3,954)		306
HCN Segment	(345)		(316)
Corporate and Other	(2,628)		(3,624)
Total Income tax (benefit) expense	$	(1,414)	$	1,040
Capital expenditures:
APUS Segment	$	300	$	441
RU Segment	2,006		1,924
HCN Segment	827		500
Corporate and Other	73		100
Total Capital Expenditures	$	3,206	$	2,965

Summary of Consolidated Assets by Reportable Segment

A summary of the Company’s consolidated assets by reportable segment is as follows (in thousands):

	As of March 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Assets:
APUS Segment	$	125,170	$	113,551
RU Segment	297,980		300,625
HCN Segment	64,109		59,820
Corporate and Other	131,263		141,060
Total Assets	$	618,522	$	615,056

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Concentration (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Summary of segment revenues

A summary of APUS Segment revenue derived from students by primary funding source is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	(Unaudited)
	2023	2022
DoD tuition assistance programs	49%	48%
VA education benefits	21%	21%
Title IV programs	16%	18%
Cash and other sources	14%	13%

A summary of RU Segment revenue derived from students by primary funding source is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	(Unaudited)
	2023	2022
Title IV programs	74%	74%
Cash and other sources	24%	24%
VA education benefits	2%	2%

    A summary of HCN Segment revenue derived from students by primary funding source is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	(Unaudited)
	2023	2022
Title IV programs	79%	79%
Cash and other sources	20%	19%
VA education benefits	1%	2%

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Nature of the Business (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 segment campus state
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments | segment	3
RU Segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of campuses | campus	22
Number of states | state	6
HCN Segment | Ohio
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of campuses | campus	8
Number of states | state	3

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Escrow deposit	$ 24.2
Line of credit facility	0.7
Restricted cash, excluding certificates of deposit	2.2	$ 2.0
Restricted cash	$ 27.2	$ 26.9

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Stock-based Compensation Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Award vesting period	3 years
Period of accelerated service	1 year

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 2,224	$ 2,356
Instructional costs and services
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	279	459
Selling and promotional
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	229	296
General and administrative
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,716	$ 1,601

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Incentive-based Compensation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense in operating income	$ 2,224	$ 2,356
Incentive-Based Compensation Plan
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense in operating income	$ 2,000	$ 1,800

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Acquisition Activity - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Aug. 10, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill		$ 112,593,000			$ 112,593,000
Gain on the acquisition		$ 0		$ 4,533,000
Business Combination Bargain Purchase Gain Recognized Statement Of Income Or Comprehensive Income Extensible Enumeration Not Disclosed Flag				Consolidated Statements of Income
Graduate School USA
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Aggregate purchase price	$ 1,000,000
Net working capital	1,900,000
Initial cash payment	500,000
Consideration retained by acquirer	500,000
Purchase price consideration, liability	500,000
Goodwill	$ 0					$ 0
Gain on the acquisition			$ 3,800,000	$ 4,500,000
Reduction of gain on acquisition			$ 700,000

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Acquisition Activity - Assets Acquired and Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Jan. 01, 2022 USD ($)
Assets acquired:
Intangible assets	$ 965
Graduate School USA
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	1,000
Working capital adjustment	(2,450)
Total consideration	(1,450)
Assets acquired:
Accounts receivable	4,282
Prepaid expenses	1,096
Property and equipment, net	400
Operating lease assets	31,635
Intangible assets	965
Total assets acquired	38,378
Liabilities assumed:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	810
Deferred revenue	1,969
Lease liabilities, current	1,179
Lease liabilities, long-term	30,779
Deferred income taxes	1,263
Total liabilities assumed	36,000
Net assets acquired	2,378
Gain on acquisition	$ 3,828

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Acquisition Activity - Schedule of Fair Value of Identified Intangible Assets Acquired (Details) $ in Thousands	Jan. 01, 2022 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 965
Customer contracts and relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful life	2 years 6 months
Identified intangible assets with finite useful life	$ 744
Curricula
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful life	3 years
Identified intangible assets with finite useful life	$ 158
Trade name
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identified intangible assets with finite useful life	35
Accreditation and licenses
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Identified intangible assets with finite useful life	$ 28
Trade name
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful life	1 year
Accreditation and licenses
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Useful life	2 years 6 months

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Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	$ 149,689	$ 154,747
Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	137,703	141,252
Graduation fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	369	335
Textbook and other course materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	10,701	11,957
Other fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	916	1,203
Corporate and Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	5,104	3,017
Corporate and Other | Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	5,104	3,017
Corporate and Other | Graduation fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	0	0
Corporate and Other | Textbook and other course materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	0	0
Corporate and Other | Other fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	0	0
APUS | Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	73,978	73,090
APUS | Operating Segments | Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	73,422	72,585
APUS | Operating Segments | Graduation fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	369	335
APUS | Operating Segments | Textbook and other course materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	0	0
APUS | Operating Segments | Other fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	187	170
RU | Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	57,467	67,099
RU | Operating Segments | Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	48,196	55,917
RU | Operating Segments | Graduation fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	0	0
RU | Operating Segments | Textbook and other course materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	8,707	10,294
RU | Operating Segments | Other fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	564	888
HCN | Operating Segments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	13,140	11,541
HCN | Operating Segments | Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	10,981	9,733
HCN | Operating Segments | Graduation fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	0	0
HCN | Operating Segments | Textbook and other course materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	1,994	1,663
HCN | Operating Segments | Other fees
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total Revenue	$ 165	$ 145

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Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Contract assets	$ 0	$ 0
Deferred revenue	28,866,000	23,760,000
Courses in Progress
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Future revenue	17,100,000	13,000,000
Future Courses
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Future revenue	$ 11,800,000	$ 10,800,000

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Leases - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) campus state	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Extension term	1 year
Variable lease payments	$ 0
Lease expense	5,300,000	$ 5,000,000
Cash paid for amounts included in operating lease liabilities	4,900,000	4,800,000
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$ 192,000
Interest rate	3.75%
Finance lease expense	$ 30,000.00	$ 30,000.00
RU Segment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Number of campuses | campus	22
Number of states | state	6
HCN Segment | Ohio
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Number of campuses | campus	8
Number of states | state	3

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Leases - Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Operating Leases
2023 (remaining)	$ 13,292
2024	17,851
2025	16,323
2026	15,782
2027	15,183
2028	13,990
2029 and beyond	52,480
Total future minimum lease payments	144,901
Less: imputed interest	(28,850)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	116,051
Less: lease liabilities, current	(13,409)
Lease liabilities, long-term	102,642
Finance Leases
2023 (remaining)	86
2024	113
2025	0
2026	0
2027	0
2028	0
2029 and beyond	0
Total future minimum lease payments	199
Less: imputed interest	(7)
Present value of operating lease liabilities	192
Less: lease liabilities, current	(108)
Lease liabilities, long-term	$ 84

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Leases - Other Information (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Current
Operating lease liabilities, current	$ 13,409
Finance lease liabilities, current	108
Long-term
Operating lease liabilities, long-term	102,642
Finance lease liabilities, long-term	84
Total lease liabilities	$ 116,243
Operating leases, weighted average remaining lease term	8 years 10 months 9 days
Finance leases, weighted average remaining lease term	1 year 9 months
Operating lease weighted average discount rate percent	4.40%
Finance lease weighted average discount rate percent	3.80%
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Lease Liability, Current
Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Lease Liability, Current
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Lease liabilities, long-term
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Lease liabilities, long-term

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Jan. 01, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 01, 2021	Aug. 10, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 112,593,000		$ 112,593,000
Amortization	3,900,000	$ 4,000,000
RU Segment
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	86,000,000					$ 217,400,000
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets	0	0
Fair value exceeding carrying value			$ 10,000,000
Fair value exceeding carrying value (in percent)			5.00%
Indefinite-lived intangible assets acquired	35,500,000					$ 51,000,000
Identified intangible assets with finite useful life	35,500,000
HCN Segment
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	26,600,000				$ 38,600,000
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets	0	$ 0
Fair value exceeding carrying value			$ 4,900,000
Fair value exceeding carrying value (in percent)			13.00%
Indefinite-lived intangible assets acquired					$ 3,700,000
Identified intangible assets with finite useful life	4,400,000
Graduate School USA
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill				$ 0			$ 0
Identified intangible assets with finite useful life	$ 1,000,000

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Other Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 40,826	$ 40,826
Accumulated Amortization	29,257	25,313
Net Carrying Amount	11,569	15,513
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Gross carrying amount, before impairment	54,721	54,721
Impairment	15,500	15,500
Gross/net carrying amount	39,221	39,221
Total intangible assets, Gross	95,547	95,547
Total intangible assets, Impairment	15,500	15,500
Total intangible assets, net	50,790	54,734
Trade name
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Gross carrying amount, before impairment	28,498	28,498
Gross/net carrying amount	28,498	28,498
Accreditation, licensing, and Title IV
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Gross carrying amount, before impairment	26,186	26,186
Impairment	15,500	15,500
Gross/net carrying amount	10,686	10,686
Affiliation agreements
Intangible Assets, Net (Excluding Goodwill) [Abstract]
Gross carrying amount, before impairment	37	37
Gross/net carrying amount	37	37
Student roster
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Gross Carrying Amount	20,000	20,000
Accumulated Amortization	15,833	13,333
Net Carrying Amount	4,167	6,667
Curricula
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Gross Carrying Amount	14,563	14,563
Accumulated Amortization	7,860	6,680
Net Carrying Amount	6,703	7,883
Student and customer contracts and relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Gross Carrying Amount	4,614	4,614
Accumulated Amortization	4,242	4,168
Net Carrying Amount	372	446
Lead conversions
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Gross Carrying Amount	1,500	1,500
Accumulated Amortization	1,187	1,000
Net Carrying Amount	313	500
Non-compete agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Gross Carrying Amount	86	86
Accumulated Amortization	86	86
Net Carrying Amount	0	0
Tradename
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Gross Carrying Amount	35	35
Accumulated Amortization	35	35
Net Carrying Amount	0	0
Accreditation and licenses
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Gross Carrying Amount	28	28
Accumulated Amortization	14	11
Net Carrying Amount	$ 14	$ 17

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Reportable Segment (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 112,593
Goodwill acquired	0
Impairment	0
Adjustments	0
Ending balance	112,593
APUS Segment
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	0
Goodwill acquired	0
Impairment	0
Adjustments	0
Ending balance	0
RU Segment
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	86,030
Goodwill acquired	0
Impairment	0
Adjustments	0
Ending balance	86,030
HCN Segment
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	26,563
Goodwill acquired	0
Impairment	0
Adjustments	0
Ending balance	$ 26,563

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Earnings Per Common Share - Schedule of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Earnings per common share
Net (loss) income	$ (5,740)	$ 5,333
Preferred stock dividends	1,457	0
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$ (7,197)	$ 5,333
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	18,982	18,805
(Loss) earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.38)	$ 0.28
Diluted earnings per common share
Net (loss) income available to common shareholders	$ (7,197)	$ 5,333
Basic weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	18,982	18,805
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and options (in shares)	90	74
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	19,072	18,879
Diluted (loss) earnings per common share (in dollars per share)	$ (0.38)	$ 0.28

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Earnings Per Common Share - Antidilutive Securities (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive stock options (in shares)	802	276
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive stock options (in shares)	136	103
Restricted shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive stock options (in shares)	666	173

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Long-Term Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Debt Instrument, Redemption [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 700,000
Long-term debt	93,557,000		$ 93,151,000
Repayments of Long-Term Debt	$ 28,000	$ 2,216,000
Maximum total net leverage ratio	2.0
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Debt Instrument, Redemption [Line Items]
Interest expense	$ 600,000
Interest expense expected to be reclassified over the next 12 months	2,600,000
Interest Rate Cap
Debt Instrument, Redemption [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount				$ 87,500,000
Derivative asset, fair value	$ 3,900,000		4,500,000
Interest Rate Cap | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument, Redemption [Line Items]
Spread on derivative instrument				2.00%
Secured Debt
Debt Instrument, Redemption [Line Items]
Floor interest rate	10.13%
Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument, Redemption [Line Items]
Current borrowing capacity	$ 20,000,000
Deferred financing fees	500,000
Long-term debt	0		0
Senior Secured Term Loan Facility | Secured Debt
Debt Instrument, Redemption [Line Items]
Principal amount of debt	175,000,000
Deferred financing fees	$ 5,506,000		5,912,000
Floor interest rate	0.75%
Applicable interest rate	5.50%
Variable rate	2.00%
Commitment fee percentage	0.50%
Repayments of Long-Term Debt			$ 65,000,000
Subfacility For Swing Line Loans | Line of Credit | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument, Redemption [Line Items]
Principal amount	$ 5,000,000

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Long-Term Debt - Long term debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit agreement	$ 99,063
Total debt	93,557	$ 93,151
Less: Current portion	0	0
Long-Term Debt	93,557	93,151
Senior Secured Term Loan Facility | Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit agreement	99,063	99,063
Deferred financing fees	$ (5,506)	$ (5,912)

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Long-Term Debt - Maturities of long term debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
2027	$ 99,063
Total	$ 99,063

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Segment Information - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	3

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Segment Information - Summary of Financial Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Revenue:
Total Revenue	$ 149,689	$ 154,747
Depreciation and amortization:
Total Depreciation and amortization	7,756	8,148
Income (loss) from operations before interest and income taxes:
Total (loss) income from operations before interest and income taxes	(5,370)	5,200
Interest income (expense):
Total Interest expense	(1,779)	(3,355)
Income tax expense (benefit):
Total Income tax (benefit) expense	(1,414)	1,040
Capital expenditures:
Total Capital Expenditures	3,206	2,965
Corporate and Other
Revenue:
Total Revenue	5,104	3,017
Depreciation and amortization:
Total Depreciation and amortization	139	146
Income (loss) from operations before interest and income taxes:
Total (loss) income from operations before interest and income taxes	(8,277)	(7,878)
Interest income (expense):
Total Interest expense	(1,959)	(3,399)
Income tax expense (benefit):
Total Income tax (benefit) expense	(2,628)	(3,624)
Capital expenditures:
Total Capital Expenditures	73	100
APUS Segment | Operating Segments
Revenue:
Total Revenue	73,978	73,090
Depreciation and amortization:
Total Depreciation and amortization	1,400	1,701
Income (loss) from operations before interest and income taxes:
Total (loss) income from operations before interest and income taxes	17,074	13,182
Interest income (expense):
Total Interest expense	160	39
Income tax expense (benefit):
Total Income tax (benefit) expense	5,513	4,674
Capital expenditures:
Total Capital Expenditures	300	441
RU Segment | Operating Segments
Revenue:
Total Revenue	57,467	67,099
Depreciation and amortization:
Total Depreciation and amortization	5,927	6,079
Income (loss) from operations before interest and income taxes:
Total (loss) income from operations before interest and income taxes	(12,864)	891
Interest income (expense):
Total Interest expense	1	3
Income tax expense (benefit):
Total Income tax (benefit) expense	(3,954)	306
Capital expenditures:
Total Capital Expenditures	2,006	1,924
HCN Segment | Operating Segments
Revenue:
Total Revenue	13,140	11,541
Depreciation and amortization:
Total Depreciation and amortization	290	222
Income (loss) from operations before interest and income taxes:
Total (loss) income from operations before interest and income taxes	(1,303)	(995)
Interest income (expense):
Total Interest expense	19	2
Income tax expense (benefit):
Total Income tax (benefit) expense	(345)	(316)
Capital expenditures:
Total Capital Expenditures	$ 827	$ 500

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Segment Information - Summary of Consolidated Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets:
Total Assets	$ 618,522	$ 615,056
Corporate and Other
Assets:
Total Assets	131,263	141,060
APUS Segment | Operating Segments
Assets:
Total Assets	125,170	113,551
RU Segment | Operating Segments
Assets:
Total Assets	297,980	300,625
HCN Segment | Operating Segments
Assets:
Total Assets	$ 64,109	$ 59,820

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Concentration - Summary of Segment Revenue Derived from Students by Primary Funding Source (Details) - Revenue - Customer Concentration Risk	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
APUS Segment | DoD tuition assistance programs
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	49.00%	48.00%
APUS Segment | VA education benefits
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	21.00%	21.00%
APUS Segment | Title IV programs
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	16.00%	18.00%
APUS Segment | Cash and other sources
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	14.00%	13.00%
RU Segment | VA education benefits
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	2.00%	2.00%
RU Segment | Title IV programs
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	74.00%	74.00%
RU Segment | Cash and other sources
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	24.00%	24.00%
HCN Segment | VA education benefits
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	1.00%	2.00%
HCN Segment | Title IV programs
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	79.00%	79.00%
HCN Segment | Cash and other sources
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	20.00%	19.00%

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Preferred Stock (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, shares in Millions		3 Months Ended
	Dec. 28, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock dividend rate percentage		14.88%
Dividends, preferred stock		$ 1,500
Series A Preferred Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Preferred stock value issued | shares	40
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.01
Preferred stock dividend rate percentage	14.55%
Increase to annual preferred stock dividend rate	2.00%
Increase to quarterly preferred stock dividend rate	0.50%
Preferred stock liquidation preference		60,762	$ 62,235
Liquidation preference, make-whole payment		$ 17,800	$ 19,300
Preferred stock, liquidation preference, dividend rate spread			6.00%
Percentage of outstanding shares with certain exceptions	60.00%
Ratio of indebtedness to net capital	0.75
Payments for repurchase of common stock	$ 30,000
Series A Preferred Stock | Equipment Trust Certificate | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend, interest rate spread	10.00%
Series A Preferred Stock | Equipment Trust Certificate | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend, interest rate spread	6.00%
Series A Preferred Stock | Equipment Trust Certificate | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend, interest rate spread	25.00%