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Revenue
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Revenue
    The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue.

    Instructional services. Instructional services revenue includes tuition, contract training, technology, and laboratory fees. The Company generally recognizes revenue ratably as instructional services are provided over the course or term, which is, for APUS, either an eight- or sixteen-week course, for RU and HCN, a quarterly term, and for GSUSA, the length of the training program. Tuition is charged by course or term, technology fees are charged to APUS students on a per course basis, and technology and laboratory fees are charged to RU and HCN students on a per term basis, when applicable. Generally, instructional services are billed when a course or term begins and paid within thirty days of the bill date.

    Graduation fees. APUS graduation fee revenue represents a one-time, non-refundable $100 fee per degree, charged to students upon submission of a program graduation application. The fee covers administrative costs associated with completing a review of the student’s academic and financial standing prior to graduation. The Company recognizes revenue once graduation review services are completed. Generally, graduation fees are billed and paid when the student submits the graduation application.

    Textbook and other course material fees. Textbook and other course materials revenue represent fees related to the sale of textbooks and other course materials to RU and HCN students. Revenue is recognized at the beginning of the term when the textbooks and other course materials fees are billed. Payment is generally received within thirty days of the bill date. Sales tax collected from students on the sale of textbooks and other course materials is excluded from revenue.

    Other fees. Other fees revenue represents one-time, non-refundable fees such as application, enrollment, transcript, and other miscellaneous fees. Generally, other fees revenue is recognized when the fee is charged to the student, which coincides with the completion of the specific performance obligation to the student.

    APUS provides an APUS-funded tuition grant to support students who are U.S. Military active-duty service members, National Guard members, reservists, military spouses and dependents, and, until January 2020, veterans, as well as a grant to cover the technology fee for students using TA.

RU also provides an RU-funded tuition grant to support students who are U.S. Military active-duty service members, National Guard, Reserve, retired military and veterans enrolling in a degree, Diploma or Certificate program. RU also extends the grant to eligible spouses and dependents of active-duty military, retired military, and veterans.

APUS, RU, and HCN also provide grants and scholarships to certain students to assist them financially with their educational goals.
Disaggregation of Revenue
    In the following table, revenue, shown net of grants and scholarships, is disaggregated by type of service provided. The table also includes a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue with the reportable segments (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31, 2020
APUSRUHCNCorporate and OtherConsolidated
Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships$283,827 $— $30,346 $(243)$313,930 
Graduation fees1,336 — — — 1,336 
Textbook and other course materials— — 5,197 — 5,197 
Other fees775 — 548 (1)1,322 
Total Revenue$285,938 $— $36,091 $(244)$321,785 

Year Ended December 31, 2021
APUSRUHCNCorporate and OtherConsolidated
Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships$281,689 $74,515 $38,569 $(183)$394,590 
Graduation fees1,309 — — — 1,309 
Textbook and other course materials— 13,461 6,695 — 20,156 
Other fees702 1,507 539 — 2,748 
Total Revenue$283,700 $89,483 $45,803 $(183)$418,803 

Year Ended December 31, 2022
APUSRUHCNCorporate and OtherConsolidated
Instructional services, net of grants and scholarships$283,079 $211,253 $39,505 $20,865 $554,702 
Graduation fees1,348 — — — 1,348 
Textbook and other course materials— 38,740 6,964 — 45,704 
Other fees701 3,264 609 — 4,574 
Total Revenue$285,128 $253,257 $47,078 $20,865 $606,328 
    
The RU Segment reflects the operations of RU, which was acquired on the RU Closing Date. The Company did not consolidate the financial results of the RU Segment prior to the RU Closing Date.

Corporate and Other includes tuition and contract training revenue earned by GSUSA from the GSUSA Closing Date through December 31, 2022, and the elimination of intersegment revenue. The APUS Segment charges the HCN Segment and corporate employees for the value of courses taken at APUS by HCN Segment employees and corporate employees.

Contract Balances and Performance Obligations

The Company has no contract assets or deferred contract costs as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2022.
    The Company recognizes a contract liability, or deferred revenue, when a student begins a course, in the case of APUS and GSUSA, or starts a term, in the case of RU and HCN. Deferred revenue at December 31, 2021 was $21.8 million and includes $12.9 million in future revenue that has not yet been earned for courses and terms that are in progress, as well as $8.9 million in consideration received in advance for future courses or terms, or student deposits, and represents the Company’s performance obligation to transfer future instructional services to students. Deferred revenue at December 31, 2022 was $23.8
million and includes $13.0 million in future revenue that has not yet been earned for courses and terms that are in progress as well as $10.8 million in student deposits.

    The Company has elected, as a practical expedient, not to disclose additional information about unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with students that have an expected duration of one year or less.

When the Company begins providing the performance obligations, a contract receivable is created, resulting in accounts receivable on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company uses the portfolio approach, a practical expedient, to evaluate if a contract exists and to assess collectability at the time of contract inception based on historical experience. Contracts are subsequently reviewed for collectability if significant events or circumstances indicate a change.
Refund Policies
The Company provides a stated period of time during which students may withdraw from a course for APUS, or a term for RU and HCN, without further financial obligation resulting in a refund liability. If a student withdraws during the academic term, the Company calculates the portion of tuition that is non-refundable based on the tuition refund policy and the applicable state laws and recognizes it as revenue in the period the withdrawal occur. For GSUSA, a refund is provided only if the student cancels before the start of a course.

Refund Liability
The Company uses the portfolio approach and applies the expected value method to determine if a refund liability exists. This requires management judgment and the use of estimates and historical data to assess the likelihood and magnitude of a revenue reversal due to a refund liability. Due to the short duration of the courses, and the refund policy described above, any uncertainty regarding a student’s withdrawal is resolved in a short time period. Based on measurement and analysis, the Company determined that a significant reversal in the cumulative amount of revenue recognized is not expected. The Company includes this estimate in the transaction price. The refund liabilities for APUS and GSUSA, which are included in deferred revenue, are not material for all periods presented. APUS and GSUSA update the measurement of the refund liability at the end of each reporting period for changes in expectations, and if the reversal becomes significant, recognizes corresponding adjustments to revenue.
Because RU and HCN’s terms coincide with the Company’s fiscal quarter periods, there are no refund liabilities as of December 31, 2021 and 2022 for RU or HCN.