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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes  
 
The Company is subject to U.S. Federal income taxes as well as income taxes of multiple state jurisdictions. For Federal and state tax purposes, the tax years from 2013 to 2016 remain open to examination.

The Company recognized tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016 of $3.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, or effective tax rates of 43.0% and 20.7%, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, the Company recognized tax expense of $9.7 million and $10.5 million, respectively, or effective tax rates of and 43.2% and 37.9%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 includes approximately $0.5 million in additional income tax expense due to the implementation of ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718). Under ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies associated with stock based compensation must be recognized in the income statement and in operating activities on the statements of cash flows. Previously, the excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies were recorded in additional paid-in capital under stockholders’ equity on the balance sheet and under financing activities on the statements of cash flows. Because expiring stock options with an exercise price greater than the current stock price expired during the three months ended March 31, 2017, the reversal of the tax benefit that was reported when the stock options were issued is now recorded in the income statement.