<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2017-06-30</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001544227</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>OvaScience, Inc.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>OVAS</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001185039</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>ALDRICH RICHARD</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>C/O OVASCIENCE, INC.</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>9 FOURTH AVE.</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>WALTHAM</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>MA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>02451</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>1</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle></officerTitle>
            <otherText></otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2017-06-30</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>A</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
                <footnoteId id="F1"/>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>6810</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>0.00</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>26781</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>330000</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By Little Eagles, LLC</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>668192</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By Richard H. Aldrich 2005 Revocable Trust</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F3"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
        <nonDerivativeHolding>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>962056</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>I</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
                <natureOfOwnership>
                    <value>By Longwood Fund III LP</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F4"/>
                </natureOfOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeHolding>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <derivativeTable></derivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">The shares reported on this Form 4 were issued to the Reporting Person, who elected to take shares in lieu of cash compensation for services as a director and committee member, pursuant to the Issuer's non-employee director compensation plan.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">The owners of Little Eagles, LLC are Richard H. Aldrich Irrevocable Trust of 2011 and trusts established for the benefit of the Mr. Aldrich's minor children. The trustees of Richard H. Aldrich Irrevocable Trust of 2011 are Mr. Aldrich's spouse, Nichole A. Aldrich, and Mr. Aldrich's brother, Caleb F. Aldrich. The beneficiaries of Richard H. Aldrich Irrevocable Trust of 2011 are Mr. Aldrich's minor children. Mr. Aldrich disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">The trustee of the Richard H. Aldrich 2005 Revocable Trust is the Reporting Person and he exercises sole voting and investment power over the shares of record held by the trust.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F4">The securities in this line are held directly by Longwood Fund III LP. Longwood Fund III GP, LLC is the general partner of Longwood Fund III LP. Voting and investment power with respect to the shares held by Longwood Fund III LP are vested in Richard Aldrich, Michelle Dipp, M.D., Ph.D. and Christoph Westphal, M.D., Ph.D. (collectively, the &quot;Managers&quot;), the managers of Longwood Fund III GP, LLC. Each of the Managers disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Longwood Fund III LP, except to the extent of their respective pecuniary interest therein, and the inclusion of these shares in the report shall not be deemed an admission of beneficial ownership of the shares for the purposes of Section 16 or for any other purpose.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ William C. Hicks, Attorney-in-Fact</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2017-07-05</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
