UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 1-31719

MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	13-4204626
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

200 Oceangate, Suite 100, Long Beach, California 90802

(Address of principal executive offices)

(562) 435-3666

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value	MOH	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    ☒  Yes    ☐  No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    ☐  Yes     ☒  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒  Yes    ☐  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒  Yes    ☐  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ☐  Yes    ☒  No

The aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2021, the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $14.7 billion (based upon the closing price for shares of the registrant’s Common Stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. on June 30, 2021).

As of February 11, 2022, approximately 58,400,000 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 4, 2022, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K, to the extent described therein.

MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC. 2021 FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
Part I
Item Number
1.	Business	3
1A.	Risk Factors	18
1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	Not Applicable.
2.	Properties	31
3.	Legal Proceedings	31
4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	Not Applicable.
Part II
5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	31
6.	[Reserved]	Not Applicable.
7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34
7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47
8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	48
9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	Not Applicable.
9A.	Controls and Procedures	86
9B.	Other Information	90
9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	Not Applicable.
Part III
10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	90
11.	Executive Compensation	90
12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	90
13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	90
14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	90
Part IV
15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	91
16.	Form 10-K Summary	Not Applicable.

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Form 10-K”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks and uncertainties. Many of the forward-looking statements are located under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by words such as “guidance,” “future,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “growth,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “projects,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may,” and similar terms. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, as forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and the Company’s actual results may differ significantly due to numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Those known risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risk factors identified in the section of this Form 10-K titled “Risk Factors,” as well as the following:

•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated or indirect effects on our business, operations, and financial results, including without limitation the duration of the Public Health Emergency Declaration (“PHE”) and associated suspension in redeterminations, and the potential impact on our workforce or contractors of federal or state vaccine mandates;

•significant budget pressures on state governments from diminished tax revenues incidental to the COVID-19 pandemic and their efforts to reduce rates or limit rate increases, to impose profit caps or risk corridors, or to recoup previously paid premium amounts on a retroactive basis;

•the numerous political, judicial, and market-based uncertainties associated with the Affordable Care Act (the “ACA”);

•the market dynamics surrounding the ACA Marketplaces, including issues impacting enrollment, risk adjustment estimates and results, the potential for disproportionate enrollment of higher acuity members, and the discontinuation of premium tax credits;

•the outcome of the legal proceedings in Kentucky with regard to the Medicaid contract award to our Kentucky health plan and our acquisition of certain assets of Passport;

•the success of our efforts to retain existing or awarded government contracts, and the success of any bid submissions in response to requests for proposal, including our contracts in California and Texas;

•subsequent adjustments to reported premium revenue based upon subsequent developments or new information, including changes to estimated amounts payable or receivable related to Marketplace risk adjustment;

•our ability to consummate, integrate, and realize benefits from acquisitions, including the completed acquisitions of Magellan Complete Care, Passport, Affinity, and the Medicaid assets of Cigna in Texas, and the announced acquisition of AgeWell New York;

•effective management of our medical costs;

•our ability to predict with a reasonable degree of accuracy utilization rates, including utilization rates associated with COVID-19;

•cyber-attacks, ransomware attacks, or other privacy or data security incidents resulting in an inadvertent unauthorized disclosure of protected information;

•the ability to manage our operations, including maintaining and creating adequate internal systems and controls relating to authorizations, approvals, provider payments, and the overall success of our care management initiatives;

•our receipt of adequate premium rates to support increasing pharmacy costs, including costs associated with specialty drugs and costs resulting from formulary changes that allow the option of higher-priced non-generic drugs;

•our ability to operate profitably in an environment where the trend in premium rate increases lags behind the trend in increasing medical costs;

•the interpretation and implementation of federal or state medical cost expenditure floors, administrative cost and profit ceilings, premium stabilization programs, profit-sharing arrangements, and risk adjustment provisions and requirements;

•our estimates of amounts owed for such cost expenditure floors, administrative cost and profit ceilings, premium stabilization programs, profit-sharing arrangements, and risk adjustment provisions and requirements;

•the Medicaid expansion medical cost corridor, and any other retroactive adjustment to revenue where methodologies and procedures are subject to interpretation or dependent upon information about the health status of participants other than Molina members;

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 1

•the interpretation and implementation of at-risk premium rules and state contract performance requirements regarding the achievement of certain quality measures, and our ability to recognize revenue amounts associated therewith;

•the success and renewal of our duals demonstration programs in California, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, South Carolina, and Texas;

•the accurate estimation of incurred but not reported or paid medical costs across our health plans;

•efforts by states to recoup previously paid and recognized premium amounts;

•changes in our annual effective tax rate, due to federal and/or state legislation, or changes in our mix of earnings and other factors;

•complications, member confusion, eligibility redeterminations, or enrollment backlogs related to the renewal of Medicaid coverage;

•fraud, waste and abuse matters, government audits or reviews, comment letters, or potential investigations, and any fine, sanction, enrollment freeze, corrective action plan, monitoring program, or premium recovery that may result therefrom;

•our exit from Puerto Rico, including the payment in full of our outstanding accounts receivable, the effective run-out of claims, the return of our capital, and the outcome of the claims filed against our Puerto Rico health plan and us by the Puerto Rico Health Insurance Administration, or ASES;

•changes with respect to our provider contracts and the loss of providers;

•approval by state regulators of dividends and distributions by our health plan subsidiaries;

•changes in funding under our contracts as a result of regulatory changes, programmatic adjustments, or other reforms;

•high dollar claims related to catastrophic illness;

•the resolution, favorable or unfavorable, of litigation, arbitration, or administrative proceedings;

•the relatively small number of states in which we operate health plans, including the greater scale and revenues of our California, Ohio, Texas, and Washington health plans;

•the failure to comply with the financial or other covenants in our credit agreement or the indentures governing our outstanding notes;

•the availability of adequate financing on acceptable terms to fund and capitalize our expansion and growth, repay our outstanding indebtedness at maturity, and meet our general liquidity needs;

•the sufficiency of funds on hand to pay the amounts due upon maturity of our outstanding notes;

•the failure of a state in which we operate to renew its federal Medicaid waiver;

•changes generally affecting the managed care industry;

•increases in government surcharges, taxes, and assessments;

•the unexpected loss of the leadership of one or more of our senior executives; and

•increasing competition and consolidation in the Medicaid industry.

Each of the terms “Molina Healthcare, Inc.” “Molina Healthcare,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us,” as used herein, refers collectively to Molina Healthcare, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated. The Company assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 2

OVERVIEW

ABOUT MOLINA HEALTHCARE

Molina Healthcare, Inc., a FORTUNE 500 company (currently ranked 155), provides managed healthcare services under the Medicaid and Medicare programs, and through the state insurance marketplaces (the “Marketplace”). Molina was founded in 1980 as a provider organization serving low-income families in Southern California. We were originally organized in California as a health plan holding company and reincorporated in Delaware in 2002. We served approximately 5.2 million members as of December 31, 2021, located across 18 states.

Our business footprint, as of December 31, 2021, is illustrated below.

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

	2021	2020
	(Dollars in millions, except per-share amounts)
Premium Revenue	$26,855	$18,299
Total Revenue	$27,771	$19,423
Medical Care Ratio (“MCR”) (1)	88.3%	86.5%
After-Tax Margin (2)	2.4%	3.5%
Net Income per Diluted Share	$11.25	$11.23

_______________________

(1)Medical care ratio represents medical care costs as a percentage of premium revenue.

(2)After-tax margin represents net income as a percentage of total revenue.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 3

OUR SEGMENTS

In the first quarter of 2021, we realigned our reportable operating segments to reflect recent changes in our internal operating and reporting structure, which is now organized by government program. These reportable segments consist of: 1) Medicaid; 2) Medicare; 3) Marketplace; and 4) Other.

The Medicaid, Medicare, and Marketplace segments represent the government-funded or sponsored programs under which we offer managed healthcare services. The Other segment, which is insignificant to our consolidated results of operations, includes certain corporate amounts not associated with or allocated to the Medicaid, Medicare, or Marketplace segments. Additionally, the Other segment includes service revenues and service costs associated with the long-term services and supports consultative services we now provide in Wisconsin, as a result of the Magellan Complete Care acquisition on December 31, 2020.

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 16, “Segments,” for further information, including segment revenue and profit information.

SEGMENT MEMBERSHIP

The following table summarizes our membership by segment as of the dates indicated:

	As of December 31,
	2021	2020
Medicaid	4,329,000	3,599,000
Medicare	142,000	115,000
Marketplace	728,000	318,000
Total (1)	5,199,000	4,032,000

____________________

(1)Approximately 200,000 members, from the Magellan Complete Care acquisition that closed on December 31, 2020, are not included in the totals as of December 31, 2020.

MISSION

We improve the health and lives of our members by delivering high-quality healthcare.

VISION

We will distinguish ourselves as the low-cost, most effective and reliable health plan delivering government-sponsored care.

STRATEGY

Our growth strategy continues to be anchored by our capital allocation priorities: first, organic growth of our core businesses by growing with new state procurement opportunities, retaining existing contracts, increasing market share in current service areas and pursuing carve-in opportunities; second, inorganic growth through accretive acquisitions; third, programmatically returning excess capital to shareholders, for example, in the form of targeted share repurchase programs; and fourth, strong MCR and general and administrative (“G&A”) management to drive attractive and sustainable margins. We are a pure-play government managed care business with synergistic segments and are committed to our core business. The key capabilities that enable our growth strategy follow:

Low-Cost: We provide low-cost health plans to our state customers for Medicaid, and to our members in the Medicare-Medicaid Plan (“MMP”) and Marketplace programs.

High Quality and Appropriate Access to Care: We provide our members effective and appropriate access to care at the right time and in the right setting.

Reliable Service and Seamless Experience: We offer our state customers, members, and providers reliable service and a seamless experience.

Strong Capital Foundation: We have a strong balance sheet that provides a foundation for stability and growth.

Right Management Team to Execute on our Growth Strategy: We have an accountable performance driven culture and a proven industry-leading team with over 20 decades of experience.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 4

Committed to Building Future Capabilities: We are building capabilities that include, but are not limited to, complex care management, scalable and agile technology infrastructure, and advanced data analytics.

KEY DEVELOPMENTS

Presented below are key recent developments and accomplishments relating to progress on our growth strategy:

New York Acquisition—Medicaid. On October 25, 2021, we closed on our acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Affinity Health Plan, Inc., a Medicaid health plan in New York. As a result, we added approximately 310,000 members in New York.

New York Acquisition—Medicaid. On October 7, 2021, we announced a definitive agreement to acquire the Medicaid Managed Long Term Care business of AgeWell New York (“AgeWell”). As of August 31, 2021, AgeWell served approximately 13,000 managed long-term services and supports members, with full-year 2020 premium revenue of approximately $700 million. The transaction is subject to applicable federal and state regulatory approvals and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions. We currently expect the transaction to close by the third quarter of 2022.

Nevada Procurement—Medicaid. On August 17, 2021, we announced that our Nevada health plan subsidiary was selected as an awardee in Clark and Washoe Counties. This new contract commenced on January 1, 2022, and offers health coverage to TANF, CHIP and Medicaid Expansion beneficiaries. The four-year contract with a possible two-year extension was ratified in September 2021.

Texas Acquisition—Medicaid and Medicare. On January 1, 2022, we closed on our acquisition of Cigna Corporation’s Texas Medicaid and MMP contracts, along with certain operating assets.

Arizona, Virginia, Florida, Wisconsin, New York and Massachusetts. On December 31, 2020, we closed on the acquisition of Magellan Complete Care (“MCC”), a managed care organization serving members in six states, including Medicaid members in Arizona and statewide in Virginia, and Integrated Acute Care members in Florida. Through its Senior Whole Health branded plans, MCC provides fully integrated plans for Medicaid and Medicare dual beneficiaries in Massachusetts, as well as Managed Long-Term Care in New York. MCC also provides consultative services to participants who self-direct their care through Wisconsin’s long-term services and supports (“LTSS”) program. As a result, we added approximately 200,000 members in managed care plans and 25,000 LTSS program participants in Wisconsin.

Continued management of our cash, investments, and capital structure is enabling us to meet the short- and long-term objectives and obligations of our business while maintaining liquidity and financial flexibility. We have continued to execute a capital plan that has produced a strong and stable balance sheet, with a simplified capital structure, which resulted in the following accomplishments in 2021:

•In November 2021, we completed the private offering of $750 million aggregate principal amount of 3.875% senior notes due 2032. We used approximately $725 million of the net proceeds from this offering to redeem the entire $700 million outstanding principal amount of the 5.375% Notes due 2022 and to pay related fees and expenses. We intend to use the remaining net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, which may include repayment of indebtedness, share repurchases, funding for acquisitions, capital expenditures, additions to working capital and capital contributions to our health plan subsidiaries to meet statutory requirements in new or existing states.

•In September 2021, our board of directors authorized the purchase of up to $500 million, in the aggregate, of our common stock. This new program immediately supersedes the stock purchase program previously approved by our board of directors in September 2020. This new program will be funded with cash on hand and extends through December 31, 2022. The exact timing and amount of any repurchase will be determined by management based on market conditions and share price, in addition to other factors, and subject to the restrictions relating to volume, price and timing under applicable law.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 5

OUR BUSINESS

MEDICAID

Overview

Medicaid was established in 1965 under the U.S. Social Security Act to provide healthcare and long-term care services and support to low-income Americans. Although jointly funded by federal and state governments, Medicaid is a state-operated and state-implemented program. Subject to federal laws and regulations, states have significant flexibility to structure their own programs in terms of eligibility, benefits, delivery of services, and provider payments. As a result, there are 56 separate Medicaid programs—one for each U.S. state, each U.S. territory, and the District of Columbia.

The federal government guarantees matching funds to states for qualifying Medicaid expenditures based on each state’s federal medical assistance percentage (“FMAP”). A state’s FMAP is calculated annually and varies inversely with average personal income in the state. The approximate average FMAP across all jurisdictions is currently 66%, and currently ranges from a federally established FMAP floor of 56% to as high as 85%. See further discussion regarding the FMAP below in “COVID-19 Pandemic—Federal Economic Stabilization and Other Programs.”

We participate in the following Medicaid programs:

•Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (“TANF”) - This is the most common Medicaid program. It primarily covers low-income families with children.

•Medicaid Aged, Blind or Disabled (“ABD”) - ABD programs cover low-income persons with chronic physical disabilities or behavioral health impairments. ABD beneficiaries typically use more services than those served by other Medicaid programs because of their critical health issues.

•Children’s Health Insurance Program (“CHIP”) - CHIP is a joint federal and state matching program that provides healthcare coverage to children whose families earn too much to qualify for Medicaid coverage. States have the option of administering CHIP through their Medicaid programs.

•Medicaid Expansion - In states that have elected to participate, Medicaid Expansion provides eligibility to nearly all low-income individuals under age 65 with incomes at or below 138% of the federal poverty line.

Our state Medicaid contracts typically have terms of three to five years, contain renewal options exercisable by the state Medicaid agency, and allow either the state or the health plan to terminate the contract with or without cause. Such contracts are subject to risk of loss in states that issue requests for proposal (“RFP”) open to competitive bidding by other health plans. If one of our health plans is not a successful responsive bidder to a state RFP, its contract may not be renewed.

In addition to contract renewal, our state Medicaid contracts may be periodically amended to include or exclude certain health benefits (such as pharmacy services, behavioral health services, or long-term care services); populations such as the aged, blind or disabled (“ABD”); and regions or service areas.

Status of Significant Contracts

Our consolidated Medicaid premium revenue constituted 74% of our total revenue in the year ended December 31, 2021. Our Medicaid contracts with each of the states of California, Ohio, Texas and Washington accounted for approximately 10% or more of our consolidated Medicaid premium revenues in each of the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020. The current status of each of these contracts is described below.

California. Our managed care contracts with the California Department of Health Care Services (“DHCS”) cover six regions in northern and southern California (including Los Angeles County, California, as a subcontractor to another health plan holding a direct contract with the state). These contracts are effective through December 31, 2022, which we expect to be renewed annually until the effectiveness of new forms of contract following RFP awards. DHCS released the Medicaid RFP in early February 2022, for implementation in January 2024. Our California Medicaid contracts represented premium revenue of approximately $1,978 million, or 10%, of our consolidated Medicaid premium revenue in 2021.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 6

Ohio. On April 13, 2021, we announced that our Ohio health plan subsidiary was selected as an awardee in all three regions across the state pursuant to the Medicaid managed care request for application issued on September 30, 2020, by the Ohio Department of Medicaid. This new contract is expected to begin July 1, 2022, and will offer health care coverage to Medicaid beneficiaries through the state of Ohio’s Covered Family and Children, Expansion, and ABD programs. Our Ohio Medicaid contract represented approximately $2,308 million, or 11%, of our consolidated Medicaid premium revenue in 2021.

Texas. In March 2020, the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (“HHSC”) notified our Texas health plan that our protest was upheld and HHSC was canceling all October 2019 awarded contracts associated with the re-procurement for the ABD program (known in Texas as “STAR+PLUS”). In addition, HHSC canceled the pending re-procurement associated with the TANF and CHIP programs (known in Texas as “STAR/CHIP”). HHSC has indicated that the STAR+PLUS RFP will be posted in early 2022, with awards estimated to be announced in the third or fourth quarter of 2022, and start of operations in the second half of 2023. HHSC has also indicated that the STAR/CHIP RFP will be posted in the third or fourth quarter of 2022, with awards estimated to be announced in mid-2023, and start of operations in mid-2024. Our Texas Medicaid contracts represented approximately $2,158 million, or 11%, of consolidated Medicaid premium revenue in 2021.

Washington. Our managed care contract with the Washington State Health Care Authority (“HCA”) covers all ten regions of the state’s Apple Health Integrated Managed Care program, and is effective through December 31, 2021. HCA has exercised its renewal option for at least one year, through December 31, 2022. Our Washington Medicaid contract represented approximately $3,939 million, or 19%, of consolidated Medicaid premium revenue in 2021.

A loss of any of our significant Medicaid contracts could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations.

Member Enrollment and Marketing

Most states allow eligible Medicaid members to select the Medicaid plan of their choice. This opportunity to choose a plan is typically afforded to the member at the time of first enrollment and, at a minimum, annually thereafter. In some of the states in which we operate, a substantial majority of new Medicaid members voluntarily select a plan with the remainder subject to the auto-assignment process described below, while in other states less than half of new members voluntarily choose a plan.

Our Medicaid health plans may benefit from auto-assignment of individuals who do not choose a plan, but for whom participation in managed care programs is mandatory. Each state differs in its approach to auto-assignment, but one or more of the following criteria is typical in auto-assignment algorithms: a Medicaid beneficiary's previous enrollment with a health plan or experience with a particular provider contracted with a health plan, enrolling family members in the same plan, a plan's quality or performance status, a plan’s network and enrollment size, awarding all auto-assignments to a plan with the lowest bid in a county or region, and equal assignment of individuals who do not choose a plan in a specified county or region.

Our Medicaid marketing efforts are regulated by the states in which we operate, each of which imposes different requirements for, or restrictions on, Medicaid sales and marketing. These requirements and restrictions are revised from time to time. None of the jurisdictions in which we operate permit direct sales by Medicaid health plans.

MEDICARE

Overview

Medicare Advantage. Medicare is a federal program that provides eligible persons age 65 and over and some disabled persons with a variety of hospital, medical insurance, and prescription drug benefits. Medicare is funded by Congress, and administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”). Medicare beneficiaries may enroll in a Medicare Advantage plan, under which managed care plans contract with CMS to provide benefits that are comparable to original Medicare. Such benefits are provided in exchange for a fixed per-member per-month (“PMPM”) premium payment that varies based on the county in which a member resides, the demographics of the member, and the member’s health condition. Since 2006, Medicare beneficiaries have had the option of selecting a prescription drug benefit from an existing Medicare Advantage plan. The drug benefit, available to beneficiaries for a monthly premium, is subject to certain cost sharing depending upon the specific benefit design of the selected plan.

Medicare-Medicaid Plans, or MMPs. Over 12 million low-income elderly and disabled people qualify for both the Medicare and Medicaid programs (“dual eligible” individuals). These beneficiaries are more likely than other Medicare beneficiaries to be frail, live with multiple chronic conditions, and have functional and cognitive impairments. Medicare is their primary source of health insurance coverage. Medicaid supplements Medicare by paying for services not covered by Medicare, such as dental care and long-term care services and supports, and by

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 7

helping to cover Medicare’s premiums and cost-sharing requirements. Together, these two programs help to shield very low-income Medicare beneficiaries from potentially unaffordable out-of-pocket medical and long-term care costs. To coordinate care and deliver services in a more financially efficient manner, some states have undertaken demonstration programs to integrate Medicare and Medicaid services for dual-eligible individuals. The health plans participating in such demonstrations are referred to as MMPs. We operate MMPs in six states, as described further below.

Contracts

We enter into Medicare and MMP contracts with CMS, in partnership with each state’s department of health and human services. Such contracts typically have terms of one to three years.

Status of MMP Contracts

Our California and Ohio MMP contracts are effective through December 31, 2022, which represented aggregate premium revenue of approximately $812 million in 2021. Our Illinois, Michigan, South Carolina and Texas MMP contracts are effective through December 31, 2023, which represented aggregate premium revenue of approximately $987 million in 2021.

Member Enrollment and Marketing

Our Medicare members may be enrolled through auto-assignment, as described above in “Medicaid—Member Enrollment and Marketing,” or by enrolling in our plans with the assistance of insurance agents employed by Molina, outside brokers, or via the Internet.

Our Medicare marketing and sales activities are regulated by CMS and the states in which we operate. CMS has oversight over all marketing materials used by Medicare Advantage plans, and in some cases has imposed advance approval requirements. CMS generally limits sales activities to those conveying information regarding benefits, describing the operations of our managed care plans, and providing information about eligibility requirements.

We employ our own insurance agents and contract with independent, licensed insurance agents to market our Medicare Advantage products. We have continued to expand our use of independent agents because the cost of these agents is largely variable and we believe the use of independent, licensed agents is more conducive to the shortened Medicare selling season and the open enrollment period. The activities of our independent, licensed insurance agents are also regulated by CMS. We also use direct mail, mass media and the Internet to market our Medicare Advantage products.

MARKETPLACE

Overview

Effective January 1, 2014, the Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) authorized the creation of Marketplace insurance exchanges, allowing individuals and small groups to purchase federally subsidized health insurance. We offer Marketplace plans in many of the states where we offer Medicaid health plans. Our plans allow our Medicaid members to stay with their providers as they transition between Medicaid and the Marketplace. Additionally, our plans remove financial barriers to quality care and seek to minimize members' out-of-pocket expenses. In 2022, we are participating in the Marketplace in all our markets except New York, Nevada and the Magellan Complete Care markets in Arizona, Massachusetts, and Virginia.

We expect Marketplace enrollment to decrease by approximately 66% in 2022, to a total of 250,000 members by the end of the year. This would represent an estimated premium revenue decline of approximately 38% in 2022, and is in line with our product and pricing strategy to achieve our target margins in this business.

Contracts

We enter into contracts with CMS annually for the state Marketplace programs. These contracts have a one-year term ending on December 31, and must be renewed annually.

Other Developments

Special Enrollment Period. In January 2021, President Biden issued the Executive Order on Strengthening Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act. As a result of the order, a new three-month special enrollment period was launched to allow uninsured and under-insured individuals to obtain Marketplace coverage. The special enrollment period was initially open from February 15, 2021 to May 15, 2021, and then extended through August 15, 2021. This special enrollment period has now ended in all of our states.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 8

Member Enrollment and Marketing

Our Marketplace members enroll in our plans with the assistance of insurance agents employed by Molina, outside brokers, vendors, direct to consumer marketing and via the Internet.

While our Marketplace sales activities are regulated by CMS (such as eligibility determinations), our marketing activities are regulated by the individual states in which we operate. Some states require us to obtain prior approval of our marketing materials, others simply require us to provide them with copies of our marketing materials, and some states do not request our marketing materials. We are able to freely contact our members and provide them with marketing materials as long as those materials are fair and do not discriminate.

Our Marketplace sales and marketing strategy is to provide high quality, affordable, compliant and consumer centric Marketplace products through a variety of distribution channels. Our Marketplace products are displayed on the Federally Facilitated Marketplace (“FFM”) and the State Based Marketplace (“SBM”) in the states in which we participate in the Marketplace. We also contract with independent, licensed insurance agents to market our Marketplace products. The activities of our independently licensed insurance agents are also regulated by both CMS and the departments of insurance in the states in which we participate. Our sales cycle typically peaks during the annual Open Enrollment Period (“OEP”) as defined and regulated by CMS and the applicable FFM and SBM.

BASIS FOR PREMIUM RATES

The following table presents our consolidated premium revenue by program for the periods indicated:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020
	(In millions)
Medicaid	$	20,461	$	14,265
Medicare	3,361		2,512
Marketplace	3,033		1,522
Total	$	26,855	$	18,299

Medicaid

Under our Medicaid contracts, state government agencies pay our health plans fixed PMPM rates that vary by state, line of business, demographics and, in most instances, health risk factors. CMS requires these rates to be actuarially sound. In exchange for the payment received, Molina arranges, pays for, and manages healthcare services provided to Medicaid beneficiaries. Therefore, our health plans are at risk for the medical costs associated with their members’ healthcare. Payments to us under each of our Medicaid contracts are subject to each state’s annual appropriation process. The amount of the premiums paid to our health plans may vary substantially between states and among various government programs. For the year ended December 31, 2021, Medicaid program PMPM premium revenues ranged from $170.00 to $1,580.00.

Medicare

Under Medicare Advantage, managed care plans contract with CMS to provide benefits in exchange for a fixed PMPM premium payment that varies based on health plan star rating and member demographics, including county residence and health risk factors. CMS also considers inflation, changes in utilization patterns and average per capita fee-for-service Medicare costs in the calculation of the fixed PMPM premium payment. Amounts payable to us under the Medicare Advantage contracts are subject to annual revision by CMS, including any federal budget cuts or tax changes applicable to Medicare. We elect to participate in each Medicare service area or region on an annual basis. Medicare Advantage premiums paid to us are subject to federal government reviews and audits which can result, and have resulted, in retroactive and prospective premium adjustments. Compared with our Medicaid plans, Medicare Advantage and MMP contracts generate higher average PMPM revenues and healthcare costs. For the year ended December 31, 2021, Medicare program PMPM premium revenues ranged from $1,090.00 to $3,270.00.

Marketplace

For Marketplace, we develop each state’s premium rates during the spring of each year for policies effective in the following calendar year. Premium rates are based on our estimates of utilization of services and unit costs, anticipated member risk acuity and related federal risk adjustment transfer amounts, and non-benefit expenses such as administrative costs, taxes, and fees. The premium rates are filed for approval with the various state and

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 9

federal authorities in accordance with the rules and regulations applicable to the ACA individual market, including, but not limited to, minimum loss ratio thresholds and adjustments for permissible rate variations by age, geographic area, and variations in plan design. In the year ended December 31, 2021, Marketplace program PMPM premium revenues ranged from $330.00 to $590.00.

COVID-19 PANDEMIC

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, its ultimate impact to our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows is uncertain and difficult to predict. Specific trends and uncertainties related to our health plans follow.

Federal Economic Stabilization and Other Programs

In addition to various programs enacted in 2020 and described in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 was enacted on March 11, 2021. This legislation includes several components to assist in COVID-19 vaccine testing and deployment, as well as provisions relating to the opening of schools; direct immediate relief to working families; and additional support for communities struggling in the wake of the pandemic. Among its specific provisions:

•$350 billion in state and local funding;

•Funding for Medicaid and CHIP COVID-19 vaccines and treatment to be matched at 100% of the FMAP;

•Incentives for states that have not expanded Medicaid to do so;

•State flexibility to extend Medicaid eligibility to women for 12 months postpartum;

•A temporary 10% FMAP increase for states to improve Medicaid home- and community-based services for one year; and

•An increase to the ACA Marketplace premium subsidies for 2021 and 2022.

In addition, effective January 16, 2022, the Biden Administration extended the COVID-19 related PHE, which, among other things, continues the suspension in state Medicaid eligibility redeterminations for at least 90 days. The PHE will remain in effect until April 16, 2022, unless earlier extended.

Also, President Biden’s January 2021 executive order providing for a three-month Marketplace special enrollment period from February 15, 2021 to May 15, 2021, was extended through August 15, 2021. This special enrollment period has now ended in all of our states.

Due to the uncertainty as to the duration and breadth of the pandemic, we are unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate impact of the economic stabilization and other programs to our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Operations

Enrollment and Premium Revenue

Excluding acquisitions and our exit from Puerto Rico, we have added approximately 750,000 new Medicaid members since March 31, 2020, when we first began to report on the impacts of the pandemic. We believe this membership increase was mainly due to the suspension of redeterminations for Medicaid eligibility. We expect Medicaid enrollment to continue to benefit from the extension of the PHE period, and the associated pause on membership redeterminations, at least through mid-April 2022.

Marketplace revenue growth was 99% in 2021, and we ended 2021 with 728,000 members, an increase of 129% compared to December 31, 2020. The growth was partially driven by the special enrollment period discussed above.

The current rate environment is stable and rational. We continue to believe that the risk-sharing corridors previously introduced are related to the declared PHE and will likely be eliminated as the COVID pandemic subsides. However, the risk corridors continue to contribute an added level of variability to our results of operations. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized approximately $323 million for the impact of risk corridors enacted in several states beginning in the second quarter of 2020, in response to the lower utilization of medical services resulting from COVID-19. Approximately $564 million was recognized in 2020 related to these COVID-related risk corridors.

It is possible that certain states could change the structure of existing risk corridors, implement new risk corridors in the future or discontinue existing risk corridors. Due to these uncertainties, the ultimate outcomes could differ materially from our estimates as a result of changes in facts or further developments, which could have an adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 10

Medical Care Costs

We expect continued uncertainty regarding utilization trends as the pandemic continues. The speed and extent to which utilization rebounds will be greatly impacted by the economy and consumer behavior, provider capacity, and the recent resurgence of COVID-19 infection rates. We believe that some portion of the utilization curtailment experienced in the year ended December 31, 2021 is likely the result of service deferrals, which will likely be provided to members over the upcoming year.

Capital and Financial Resources

We continue to monitor and assess the estimated operating and financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and as it evolves, we continue to process, assemble, and assess member utilization information. We believe that our cash resources, borrowing capacity available under the Credit Agreement, and cash flow generated from operations will be sufficient to withstand the financial impact of the pandemic, and will enable us to continue to support our operations, regulatory requirements, debt repayment obligations, and capital expenditures for the foreseeable future. Refer to “Liquidity and Financial Condition” below for a discussion of our capital and financial resources.

LEGISLATIVE AND POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT

PRESSURES ON MEDICAID FUNDING

Due to states’ budget challenges, including shortfalls resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, and political agendas at both the state and federal levels, there are a number of different legislative proposals being considered, some of which would involve significantly reduced federal or state spending on the Medicaid program, constitute a fundamental change to the federal role in healthcare and, if enacted, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations. These proposals include elements such as the following, as well as numerous other potential changes and reforms:

•Changes in the entitlement nature of Medicaid (and perhaps Medicare as well) by capping future increases in federal health spending for these programs, and shifting much more of the risk for health costs in the future to states and consumers;

•Reversing the ACA’s expansion of Medicaid that enables states to cover low-income childless adults;

•Changing Medicaid to a state block grant program, including potentially capping spending on a per-enrollee basis;

•Requiring Medicaid beneficiaries to work; and

•Limiting the amount of lifetime benefits for Medicaid beneficiaries.

AFFORDABLE CARE ACT

Status of Constitutionality Court Case

In December 2018, a federal judge in Texas held that the individual mandate of the Affordable Care Act (the “ACA”) and thus the entire ACA, is unconstitutional. On appeal, in December 2019, a three-judge panel of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeal, in a two to one decision, affirmed the District Court’s ruling that the individual mandate is unconstitutional, but remanded the case back to the District Court for further consideration of the severability issue. The intervenor defendant states led by California subsequently appealed the case to the U.S. Supreme Court, and the Supreme Court heard oral arguments in the case on November 10, 2020. In June 2021, the Supreme Court held in a 7-2 opinion that the states and individuals that brought the lawsuit challenging the ACA’s individual mandate did not have standing to challenge the law. Although the Supreme Court did not reach the merits of the challenge, it vacated the District Court’s judgment and remanded the case with instructions to dismiss—effectively ending the case. There are no changes to our business as a result of the decision.

Other Proposed Changes and Reforms

Other proposed changes and reforms to the ACA have included, or may include the following:

•Prohibiting the federal government from operating Marketplaces;

•Eliminating the advanced premium tax credits, and cost sharing reductions for low income individuals who purchase their health insurance through the Marketplaces;

•Expanding and encouraging the use of private health savings accounts;

•Providing for insurance plans that offer fewer and less extensive health insurance benefits than under the ACA’s essential health benefits package, including broader use of catastrophic coverage plans, or short-

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 11

term health insurance;

•Establishing and funding high risk pools or reinsurance programs for individuals with chronic or high cost conditions; and

•Allowing insurers to sell insurance across state lines.

The passage of any of these changes or other reforms could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

CORPORATE TAX REFORM

Recent proposals related to corporate tax reform propose raising corporate taxes, among other things. Some proposed reforms could have a material impact on our future results of operations. We will continue to monitor developments.

OPERATIONS

QUALITY

Our long-term success depends, to a significant degree, on the quality of the services we provide. As of December 31, 2021, 13 of our health plans were accredited by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (“NCQA”), of which 12 of those health plans also received the Multicultural Health Care Distinction, which is awarded to organizations that meet or exceed NCQA’s rigorous requirements for multicultural healthcare.

For the states where our health plans are accredited by the NCQA and/or have Medicare Star Ratings, the table below presents such health plans’ NCQA status, as well as their current scores as part of the Medicare Star Ratings, which measures the quality of Medicare plans across the country using a 5-star rating system.

We believe that these objective measures of quality are important to state Medicaid agencies, as a growing number of states link reimbursement and patient assignment to quality scores. Additionally, Medicare pays quality bonuses to health plans that achieve high quality.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 12

PROVIDERS

We arrange healthcare services for our members through contracts with a vast network of providers, including independent physicians and physician groups, hospitals, ancillary providers, and pharmacies. We strive to ensure that our providers have the appropriate expertise and cultural and linguistic experience.

The quality, depth and scope of our provider network are essential if we are to ensure quality, cost-effective care for our members. In partnering with quality, cost-effective providers, we utilize clinical and financial information derived by our medical informatics function, as well as the experience we have gained in serving Medicaid members, to gain insight into the needs of both our members and our providers.

Physicians

We contract with both primary care physicians and specialists, many of whom are organized into medical groups or independent practice associations. Primary care physicians provide office-based primary care services. Primary care physicians may be paid under capitation or fee-for-service contracts and may receive additional compensation by providing certain preventive care services. Under capitation payment arrangements, healthcare providers receive fixed, pre-arranged monthly payments per enrolled member, whereas under fee-for-service payment arrangements, healthcare providers are paid a fee for each particular service rendered. Our specialists care for patients for a specific episode or condition, usually upon referral from a primary care physician, and are usually compensated on a fee-for-service basis. When we contract with groups of physicians on a capitated basis, we monitor their solvency.

Hospitals

We generally contract with hospitals that have significant experience dealing with the medical needs of the Medicaid population. We reimburse hospitals under a variety of payment methods, including fee-for-service, per diems, diagnostic-related groups, capitation, and case rates.

Ancillary Providers

Our ancillary agreements provide coverage of medically-necessary care, including laboratory services, home health, physical, speech and occupational therapy, durable medical equipment, radiology, ambulance and transportation services, and are reimbursed on a capitation and fee-for-service basis.

Pharmacy

We outsource pharmacy benefit management services, including claims processing, pharmacy network contracting, rebate processing and mail and specialty pharmacy fulfillment services.

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Our mission is to improve the health and lives of our members by delivering high-quality healthcare. We believe our singular focus on government-sponsored healthcare enables us to identify and implement efficiencies that distinguish us as the low-cost, high-quality health plan of choice. We emphasize primary care physicians as the central point of delivery for routine and preventive care, coordination of referrals to specialists, and appropriate assessment of the need for hospital care. This model has proved to be an effective method of coordinating medical care for our members.

Utilization Management

Our goal is to optimize access to low-cost, high-quality care. This is achieved by sound clinical policy based on current evidence-based practices. Additionally, we continuously monitor utilization patterns and strive to identify new opportunities to reduce cost and improve quality of care. Our utilization management process serves as a bridge to identify at-risk members for referral into internally developed case management programs such as “Transitions of Care,” which facilitates post-discharge safety and appropriate outcomes.

Population Management

We believe high-quality, affordable care is achieved through a variety of programs tailored to our members’ emerging needs. Individuals are identified for interventions, and programs are customized, based on predictive analytics and our member assessment process. These tools ensure that the appropriate level of services and support are provided to address physical health, behavioral health, and social determinants of health. This comprehensive and customized approach is designed to help members achieve their goals and improve their overall quality of life.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 13

Pharmacy Management

Our pharmacy programs are designed to make us a trusted partner in improving member health and healthcare affordability. We strategically partner with physicians and other healthcare providers who treat our members. This collaboration results in drug formularies and clinical initiatives that promote improved patient care. We employ full-time pharmacists and pharmacy technicians who work closely with providers to educate them about our formulary products, clinical programs, and the importance of cost-effective care.

Medical Cost Management

We use various strategies to mitigate the negative effects of healthcare cost inflation. Specifically, our health plans try to control medical care costs through contracts with independent providers of healthcare services. Through these contracted providers, our health plans emphasize preventive healthcare and appropriate use of specialty and hospital services. There can be no assurance, however, that our strategies to mitigate medical care cost inflation will be successful. Competitive pressures, new healthcare and pharmaceutical product introductions, demands from healthcare providers and customers, applicable regulations, or other factors may affect our ability to control medical care costs.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Our business is dependent on effective and secure information systems that assist us in processing provider claims, monitoring utilization and other cost factors, supporting our medical management techniques, providing data to our regulators, and implementing our data security measures. Our members and providers also depend upon our information systems for enrollment, premium processing, primary care and specialist physician roster access, membership verifications, claims status, provider payments, and other information.

We have partnered with third parties to support our information technology systems. This makes our operations vulnerable to adverse effects if such third parties fail to perform adequately. In 2019, we entered into an agreement with a third-party vendor who manages certain of our information technology services including, among other things, our infrastructure operations, end-user services, data centers, public cloud and application management. As a result of the agreement, we were able to reduce our administrative expenses, while improving the reliability of our information technology functions, and maintain targeted levels of service and operating performance. A portion of these services are provided on our premises, while other portions of the services are performed at the vendor’s facilities.

Our information systems require an ongoing commitment of significant resources to maintain, protect, and enhance existing systems and develop new systems to keep pace with continuing changes in information processing technology, evolving systems and regulatory standards, changing customer preferences, acquisitions and increased security risks.

CENTRALIZED SERVICES

We provide certain centralized medical and administrative services to our subsidiaries pursuant to administrative services agreements that include, but are not limited to, information technology, product development and administration, underwriting, claims processing, customer service, certain care management services, human resources, marketing, purchasing, risk management, actuarial, finance, accounting, compliance, legal and public relations.

COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS AND ENVIRONMENT

We face varying levels of competition. Healthcare reform proposals may cause organizations to enter or exit the market for government-sponsored health programs. However, the licensing requirements and bidding and contracting procedures in some states may present partial barriers to entry into our industry.

We compete for government contracts, renewals of those government contracts, members, and providers. State agencies consider many factors in awarding contracts to health plans. Among such factors are the health plan’s provider network, quality scores, medical management, degree of member satisfaction, timeliness of claims payment, and financial resources. Potential members typically choose a health plan based on a specific provider being a part of the network, the quality of care and services available, accessibility of services, and reputation or name recognition of the health plan. We believe factors that providers consider in deciding whether to contract with a health plan include potential member volume, payment methods, timeliness and accuracy of claims payment, and administrative service capabilities.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 14

Medicaid

The Medicaid managed care industry is subject to ongoing changes as a result of healthcare reform, business consolidations and new strategic alliances. We compete with national, regional, and local Medicaid service providers, principally on the basis of size, location, quality of the provider network, quality of service, and reputation. Our primary competitors in the Medicaid managed care industry include Centene Corporation, UnitedHealth Group Incorporated, Anthem, Inc., Aetna Inc., and other large not-for-profit healthcare organizations. Competition can vary considerably from state to state.

Medicare

The Medicare market is highly competitive across the country, with large competitors, such as UnitedHealth Group Incorporated, Humana Inc., and Aetna Inc., holding significant market share.

Marketplace

Low-income members who receive government subsidies comprise the vast majority of Marketplace membership, which is served by a limited number of health plans. Our primary competitor for low-income Marketplace membership is Centene Corporation.

REGULATION

Our health plans are highly regulated by both state and federal government agencies. Regulation of managed care products and healthcare services varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and changes in applicable laws and rules occur frequently. Regulatory agencies generally have discretion to issue regulations and interpret and enforce laws and rules. Compliance with such laws and rules may lead to additional costs related to the implementation of additional systems, procedures and programs that we have not yet identified. Such agencies have become increasingly active in recent years in their review and scrutiny of health insurers and managed care organizations, including those operating in the Medicaid and Medicare programs.

HIPAA AND THE HITECH ACT

In 1996, Congress enacted the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”). All health plans are subject to HIPAA, including ours. HIPAA generally requires health plans to:

•Establish the capability to receive and transmit electronically certain administrative healthcare transactions, such as claims payments, in a standardized format;

•Afford privacy to patient health information; and

•Protect the privacy of patient health information through physical and electronic security measures.

In 2009, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”) imposed requirements on uses and disclosures of health information; included requirements for HIPAA business associate agreements; extended parts of HIPAA privacy and security provisions to business associates; added data breach notification requirements for covered entities and business associates and reporting requirements to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) and, in some cases, to the media; strengthened enforcement; and imposed higher financial penalties for HIPAA violations. In the conduct of our business, depending on the circumstances, we may act as either a covered entity and/or a business associate. HIPAA privacy regulations do not preempt more stringent state laws and regulations that may apply to us.

We maintain a HIPAA compliance program, which we believe complies with HIPAA privacy and security regulations, and have dedicated resources to monitor compliance with this program.

Healthcare reform created additional tools for fraud prevention, including increased oversight of providers and suppliers participating or enrolling in Medicaid, CHIP, and Medicare. Those enhancements included mandatory licensure for all providers, and site visits, fingerprinting, and criminal background checks for higher risk providers.

FRAUD AND ABUSE LAWS AND THE FALSE CLAIMS ACT

Because we receive payments from federal and state governmental agencies, we are subject to various laws commonly referred to as “fraud and abuse” laws, including federal and state anti-kickback statutes, prohibited referrals, and the federal False Claims Act, which permit agencies and enforcement authorities to institute a suit against us for violations and, in some cases, to seek treble damages, criminal and civil fines, penalties, and assessments. Violations of these laws can also result in exclusion, debarment, temporary or permanent suspension

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 15

from participation in government healthcare programs, or the institution of corporate integrity agreements. Liability under such federal and state statutes and regulations may arise if we know, or it is determined that we should have known, that information we provide to form the basis for a claim for government payment is false or fraudulent, and some courts have permitted False Claims Act suits to proceed if the claimant was out of compliance with program requirements.

Fraud, waste and abuse prohibitions encompass a wide range of operating activities, including kickbacks or other inducements for referral of members or for the coverage of products (such as prescription drugs) by a plan, billing for unnecessary medical services by a provider, upcoding, payments made to excluded providers, improper marketing, and the violation of patient privacy rights. In particular, there has recently been increased scrutiny by the Department of Justice on health plans’ risk adjustment practices, particularly in the Medicare program. Companies involved in public healthcare programs such as Medicaid and Medicare are required to maintain compliance programs to detect and deter fraud, waste and abuse, and are often the subject of fraud, waste and abuse investigations and audits.

The federal government has taken the position that claims presented in violation of the federal anti-kickback statute may be considered a violation of the federal False Claims Act. In addition, under the federal civil monetary penalty statute, the HHS Office of Inspector General has the authority to impose civil penalties against any person who, among other things, knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, certain false or otherwise improper claims. Qui tam actions under federal and state law are brought by a private individual, known as a relator, on behalf of the government. A relator who brings a successful qui tam lawsuit can receive 15 to 30 percent of the damages the government recovers from the defendants, which damages are trebled under the False Claims Act. Because of these financial inducements offered to plaintiffs, qui tam actions have increased significantly in recent years, causing greater numbers of healthcare companies to incur the costs of having to defend false claims actions, many of which are spurious and without merit. In addition, meritorious false claims actions could result in fines, or debarment from the Medicare, Medicaid, or other state or federal healthcare programs.

LICENSING AND SOLVENCY

Our health plans are generally licensed by the insurance departments in the states in which they operate, except the following: our California health plan is licensed by the California Department of Managed Health Care; one of our New York health plans is licensed as a prepaid health services plan by the New York State Department of Health; and our Massachusetts health plan acquired on December 31, 2020, is regulated as a risk-bearing entity by the Massachusetts Executive Office of Health and Human Services.

Our health plans are subject to stringent requirements to maintain a minimum amount of statutory capital determined by statute or regulation, and restrictions that limit their ability to pay dividends to us. For further information, refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies—Regulatory Capital Requirements and Dividend Restrictions.”

HUMAN CAPITAL

As of December 31, 2021, we had nearly 14,000 employees. This includes over 2,600 employees we onboarded through the acquisitions of Magellan Complete Care, Passport, Evolent and Affinity Health Plan. Our diverse employee population reflects the diversity of the members and communities we serve.

Over the last couple of years, we have increased our focus on the health and safety of our employees. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have offered a number of new benefits to our employees, including but not limited to supplemental compensation, paid time away and resources to support changing work-life needs.

As part of our workplace modernization program, we continue to introduce improvements focused on employee development, diversity, equity and inclusion, total rewards offerings and human capital policies and practices. We believe these improvements help us to achieve our goal to become a destination employer in the government-sponsored healthcare industry.

Annually, we invite all employees to participate in our engagement survey. The purpose of our survey is to obtain honest, comprehensive feedback on what is going well and which strategic, operational or cultural concerns are top of mind for our employees. Our results compare favorably to the benchmark data about all other employers.

Succession planning and managing our talent pipelines are key to our human capital strategy. We regularly monitor high performer retention and development. Our performance management practices and pay and recognition

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 16

programs are aligned with meeting and exceeding our corporate objectives. The board of directors has purview to our employee engagement results, key executive performance and succession planning.

We offer formal leadership development programs such as new leader orientation, executive onboarding, front- line leadership essentials, and experienced leader training. We have targeted development plans for critical roles with an emphasis on leadership and business acumen.

We invest in our workforce through market competitive total rewards including, pay, benefits and time-off. Our pay and recognition program is designed to engage, motivate and reward top performers and attract new employees. To foster ownership and align the interests of employees with shareholders, we offer an employee stock purchase plan and grant equity-based compensation under our long-term incentive plan to eligible employees.

We also offer a comprehensive suite of benefits to all eligible employees, including, among others:

•Comprehensive health insurance coverage for employees working 30 hours or more per week;

•401(k) matching contributions of up to 100% on the first 4% contributed by the employee;

•Personal time off that provides employees with paid time away from work, combining vacation and sick leave;

•Volunteer time off that provides employees with paid time away from work to build strong community partnerships and connect with the people we serve;

•Employee wellness programs that provide tools and incentives to live a healthy life focusing on physical, emotional, financial and work well-being;

•Up to ten dependent-care back-up visits per year for a low co-pay, and five hours of homework and tutoring support per child per month at no cost;

•Employee assistance program benefits that provides up to six confidential counseling sessions per rolling 12-month period and includes assistance with physical, emotional, and financial related matters; and

•Employee discount and other programs, including tuition reimbursement.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Our principal executive offices are located at 200 Oceangate, Suite 100, Long Beach, California 90802, and our telephone number is (562) 435-3666. We also maintain corporate offices in New York City, New York. 

You can access our website at www.molinahealthcare.com to learn more about our Company. From that site, you can download and print copies of our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K, along with amendments to those reports. You can also download our Corporate Governance Guidelines, board of director’s committee charters, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and Environmental, Social and Governance Report. We make periodic reports and amendments available, free of charge, as soon as reasonably practicable after we file or furnish these reports to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We will also provide a copy of any of our corporate governance policies published on our website free of charge, upon request. To request a copy of any of these documents, please submit your request to: Molina Healthcare, Inc., 200 Oceangate, Suite 100, Long Beach, California 90802, Attn: Investor Relations. Information on or linked to our website is neither part of nor incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K or any other SEC filings.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 17

RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider the risks described below and all of the other information set forth in this Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These risks and other factors may affect our forward-looking statements, including those we make in this Form 10-K or elsewhere, such as in press releases, presentations to securities analysts or investors, or other communications made by or with the approval of one of our executive officers.

The risks described in the following section are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that adversely affect our business. In addition to the risks relating to the COVID-19 pandemic that are specifically described in these risk factors, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may also have the effect of significantly heightening many of the other risks associated with our business, including those described below. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and future prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, among other effects, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY

Our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations will continue to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the extent of such impact cannot be reasonably foreseen at this time.

We currently expect that the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impact our business, financial condition, cash flows, and results of operations in a number of ways, including the following:

•It will have an adverse impact on the health of an indeterminate number of our members, resulting in increases in their medical care costs, as well as increased costs related to testing and vaccination protocols;

•Spikes in hospitalizations and positive COVID-19 cases due to the continued emergence of variants, such as Delta, Omicron, and any new variants of potentially greater transmissibility and virulence that may emerge in 2022 and beyond could also increase the cost of caring for our members;

•Uncertainty and variability associated with the demand for medical services may lead states to pursue retroactive rate refunds (as has already occurred in certain instances), or to impose medical cost risk corridors or rate cuts that exceed the ultimate demand for medical services;

•Disrupted care patterns, as a result of the pandemic, may temporarily affect the ability to obtain complete member health status information, impacting future revenue in our Medicare and Marketplace lines of business, which utilize risk adjustment methodologies;

•As a result of the pandemic’s impact on the national economy, state tax revenues have declined significantly and may not recover in 2022, resulting in the extension of risk corridors or rate cuts, and also threatening the ability of states to make timely monthly capitation payments to us;

•The reduced demand for certain routine and non-critical medical services has created financial stress for certain providers and could result in the insolvency of such providers;

•The pandemic may continue to cause increased volatility in the capital markets and such volatility could have a negative impact on our ability to access those markets on acceptable terms;

•We will continue to incur increased costs associated with the measures we are currently implementing and planning to implement to mitigate the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic;

•The continuing work-from-home status of our workforce may heighten the risk of a cybersecurity incident or HIPAA (as defined below) breach;

•The pandemic may impact the ability of our outsourced information technology service providers, and other third-party vendors, to perform contracted services; and

•The PHE and associated suspension in redeterminations, and the potential impact on our workforce or contractors of federal or state vaccine mandates, could adversely affect our business.

Due to the uncertainty around the duration and breadth of the COVID-19 pandemic and its broad cascading effects, the ultimate impact on our business, financial condition, cash flows, and operating results cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 18

State and federal budget deficits may result in Medicaid, CHIP, or Medicare funding cuts which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

Nearly all of our premium revenues come from the joint federal and state funding of the Medicaid, Medicare, and CHIP programs. The states in which we operate regularly face significant budgetary pressures. State budgetary pressures may result in unexpected Medicaid, CHIP, or Medicare rate cuts which could reduce our revenues and profit margins. For example, in 2020, and continuing through December 31, 2021, various states enacted temporary risk corridors in response to the reduced demand for medical services stemming from COVID-19, which have resulted in a reduction of our medical margin. In some cases, these risk corridors were retroactive to earlier periods in 2020, or as early as the beginning of the states’ fiscal years in 2019. Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, we have recognized retroactive risk corridors that we believe to be probable, and where the ultimate premium amount is reasonably estimable. We recognized approximately $323 million related to such risk corridors in 2021, primarily in the Medicaid segment. It is possible that certain states could change the structure of existing risk corridors, implement new risk corridors in the future or discontinue existing risk corridors. Due to these uncertainties, the ultimate outcomes could differ materially from our estimates as a result of changes in facts or further developments, which could have an adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

The Medicare-Medicaid Duals Demonstration Pilot Programs could be discontinued or altered, resulting in a loss of premium revenue.

To coordinate care for those who qualify to receive both Medicare and Medicaid services (the “dual eligibles”), and to deliver services to these individuals in a more financially efficient manner, under the direction of CMS some states implemented demonstration pilot programs to integrate Medicare and Medicaid services for the dual eligibles. The health plans participating in such demonstrations are referred to as Medicare-Medicaid Plans (“MMPs”). We operate MMPs in six states: California, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, South Carolina, and Texas. At December 31, 2021, our membership included approximately 69,000 integrated MMP members, representing approximately 1% of our total membership. However, the capitation paid to us for dual eligibles is significantly higher than the capitation paid for other members, representing 7% of our total premium revenues in 2021. If the states running the MMP demonstration pilot programs where we have members conclude that the demonstration pilot programs are not delivering better coordinated care and reduced costs, or they perceive other lack of benefits in the pilot programs, they may decide to discontinue such programs. If an MMP pilot program were discontinued and not succeeded by a substitutive program in which we participated, our premium revenues could be reduced.

If state regulators do not approve payments of dividends and distributions by our subsidiaries, it may negatively affect our ability to meet our debt service and other obligations.

We are a corporate parent holding company and hold most of our assets in, and conduct most of our operations through, our direct subsidiaries. As a holding company, our results of operations depend on the results of operations of our subsidiaries. Moreover, we are dependent on dividends or other intercompany transfers of funds from our subsidiaries to meet our debt service and other obligations. The ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments or advances to us will depend on their operating results and will be subject to applicable laws and restrictions contained in agreements governing the debt of such subsidiaries. In addition, our health plan subsidiaries are subject to laws and regulations that limit the amount of ordinary dividends and distributions that they can pay to us without prior approval of, or notification to, state regulators. In general, our health plans must give thirty days’ advance notice and the opportunity to disapprove “extraordinary” dividends to the respective state departments of insurance for amounts that exceed either (a) ten percent of surplus or net worth at the prior year end or (b) the net income for the prior year, depending on the respective state statute. The discretion of the state regulators, if any, in approving or disapproving a dividend is not clearly defined. Our health plans generally must provide notice to the applicable state regulator prior to paying a dividend or other distribution to us. Our parent company received $564 million and $635 million in dividends from our regulated health plan subsidiaries during 2021 and 2020, respectively. If the regulators were to deny or significantly restrict our subsidiaries’ requests to pay dividends to us, the funds available to our Company as a whole would be limited, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

Our use and disclosure of personally identifiable information and other non-public information, including protected health information, is subject to federal and state privacy and security regulations, and our failure to comply with those regulations or to adequately secure the information we hold could result in significant liability or reputational harm.

State and federal laws and regulations including, but not limited to, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, and all regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, “HIPAA”), the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”) and the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, govern the collection, dissemination, use, privacy, confidentiality, security, availability,

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 19

and integrity of personally identifiable information (“PII”), including protected health information (“PHI”). HIPAA establishes basic national privacy and security standards for protection of PHI by covered entities and business associates, including health plans such as ours. HIPAA requires covered entities like us to develop and maintain policies and procedures regarding PHI, and to adopt administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect PHI.

HIPAA violations may result in significant civil penalties. HIPAA authorizes state attorneys general to file suit under HIPAA on behalf of state residents. Courts can award damages, costs, and attorneys’ fees related to violations of HIPAA in such cases. We have experienced HIPAA breaches in the past, including breaches affecting over 500 individuals.

Even when HIPAA does not apply, according to the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”), failing to take appropriate steps to keep consumers’ personal information secure constitutes unfair acts or practices in or affecting commerce in violation of Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C § 45(a). The FTC expects a company’s data security measures to be reasonable and appropriate in light of the sensitivity and volume of consumer information it holds, the size and complexity of its business, and the cost of available tools to improve security and reduce vulnerabilities. Individually identifiable health information is considered sensitive data that merits stronger safeguards. The FTC’s guidance for appropriately securing consumers’ personal information is similar to what is required by the HIPAA security regulations.

In addition, certain state laws govern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other in significant ways, thus complicating compliance efforts. For example, California enacted the CCPA, which became effective on January 1, 2020. The CCPA, among other things, creates new data privacy obligations for covered companies and provides new privacy rights to California residents, including the right to opt out of certain disclosures of their information. The CCPA also creates a private right of action with statutory damages for certain data breaches, thereby potentially increasing risks associated with a data breach.

If we do not comply with existing or new laws and regulations related to PHI, PII, or non-public information, we could be subject to criminal or civil sanctions. Any security breach involving the misappropriation, loss, or other unauthorized disclosure or use of confidential member information, whether by us or a third party, such as our vendors, could subject us to civil and criminal penalties, divert management’s time and energy, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

Unforeseen changes in pharmaceutical regulations or market conditions may impact our revenues and adversely affect our results of operations.

Pharmaceutical products and services are a significant component of our healthcare costs. Evolving regulations and state and federal mandates regarding coverage may impact the ability of our health plans to continue to receive existing price discounts on pharmaceutical products for our members. Other factors affecting our pharmaceutical costs include, but are not limited to, the price of pharmaceuticals, geographic variation in utilization of new and existing pharmaceuticals, and changes in discounts. The unpredictable nature of these factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

Increases in our pharmaceutical costs could have a material adverse effect on the level of our medical costs and our results of operations.

Introduction of new high cost specialty drugs and sudden cost spikes for existing drugs increase the risk that the pharmacy cost assumptions used to develop our capitation rates are not adequate to cover the actual pharmacy costs, which jeopardizes the overall actuarial soundness of our rates. Bearing the high costs of new specialty drugs or the high cost inflation of generic drugs without an appropriate rate adjustment or other reimbursement mechanism would have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, evolving regulations and state and federal mandates regarding coverage may impact the ability of our health plans to continue to receive existing price discounts on pharmaceutical products for our members. Other factors affecting our pharmaceutical costs include, but are not limited to, geographic variation in utilization of new and existing pharmaceuticals, changes in discounts, civil investigations, and litigation. Some of our competitors have been subject to substantial sanctions related to allegations of improper transfer pricing practices. Further, our principal pharmacy benefit manager, or PBM, CVS Caremark (“CVS”), is party to certain lawsuits and putative class actions regarding its drug pricing practices and its rebate arrangements with drug manufacturers. The ultimate outcome of these complaints may have an adverse impact on our pharmaceutical costs, or potentially could result in our becoming involved or impleaded into similar or related costly litigation. Although we will continue to work with state Medicaid agencies in an effort to ensure that we receive appropriate and actuarially sound reimbursement for all new drug therapies and pharmaceuticals trends, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in that regard.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 20

Large-scale medical emergencies in one or more states in which we operate our health plans could significantly increase utilization rates and medical costs.

Large-scale medical emergencies can take many forms and be associated with widespread illness or medical conditions. For example, natural disasters, such as a major earthquake or wildfire in California, or a major hurricane affecting Florida, South Carolina or Texas, could have a significant impact on the health of a large number of our covered members. Other conditions that could impact our members include a virulent flu season or epidemic, newly emergent mosquito-borne illnesses, such as the Zika virus, the West Nile virus, or the Chikungunya virus, or new viruses such as COVID-19, conditions for which vaccines may not exist, are not effective, or have not been widely administered.

In addition, federal and state law enforcement officials have issued warnings about potential terrorist activity involving biological or other weapons of mass destruction. All of these conditions, and others, could have a significant impact on the health of the population of wide-spread areas. If one of the states in which we operate were to experience a large-scale natural disaster, a significant terrorist attack, or some other large-scale event affecting the health of a large number of our members, our covered medical expenses in that state would rise, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

We face various risks inherent in the government contracting process that could materially and adversely affect our business and profitability, including periodic routine and non-routine reviews, audits, and investigations by government agencies.

We are subject to various risks inherent in the government contracting process. These risks include routine and non-routine governmental reviews, audits, and investigations, and compliance with government reporting requirements. Violation of the laws, regulations, or contract provisions governing our operations, or changes in interpretations of those laws and regulations, could result in the imposition of civil or criminal penalties, the cancellation of our government contracts, the suspension or revocation of our licenses, the exclusion from participation in government sponsored health programs, or the revision and recoupment of past payments made based on audit findings. If we are unable to correct any noted deficiencies, or become subject to material fines or other sanctions, we could suffer a substantial reduction in profitability, and could also lose one or more of our government contracts. In addition, government receivables are subject to government audit and negotiation, and government contracts are vulnerable to disagreements with the government. The final amounts we ultimately receive under government contracts may be different from the amounts we initially recognize in our financial statements.

Any changes to the laws and regulations governing our business, or the interpretation and enforcement of those laws or regulations, could require us to modify our operations and could negatively impact our operating results.

Our business is extensively regulated by the federal government and the states in which we operate. The laws and regulations governing our operations are generally intended to benefit and protect health plan members and providers rather than managed care organizations. The government agencies administering these laws and regulations have broad latitude in interpreting and applying them. Changes in the interpretation or application of our contracts could reduce our profitability if we have detrimentally relied on a prior interpretation or application. These laws and regulations, along with the terms of our government contracts, regulate how we do business, what services we offer, and how we interact with our members and the public. For instance, some states mandate minimum medical expense levels as a percentage of premium revenues. These laws and regulations, and their interpretations, are subject to frequent change. The interpretation of certain contract provisions by our governmental regulators may also change. Changes in existing laws or regulations, or their interpretations, or the enactment of new laws or regulations, could reduce our profitability by imposing additional capital requirements, increasing our liability, increasing our administrative and other costs, increasing mandated benefits, forcing us to restructure our relationships with providers, requiring us to implement additional or different programs and systems, or making it more difficult to predict future results. For example, on January 18, 2022, New York’s Governor unveiled the Executive Budget proposal for the fiscal year 2023 which, among other things, includes proposed changes to the procurement process with respect to procurement of managed care plans in certain of New York’s existing managed care lines. Among other things, if the Executive Budget proposal is approved in its current form, the State would be required to select two plans per product line, per region, but no more than five plans in a region. Currently, we operate our Medicaid Managed Care (“MMC”) and Health and Recovery Plans (“HARP”) plans in six of the eight CMS rating regions in New York. If the proposed Executive Budget is approved in its current form, our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations could be adversely affected.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 21

We are subject to extensive fraud and abuse laws that may give rise to lawsuits and claims against us, the outcome of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

Because we receive payments from federal and state governmental agencies, we are subject to various laws commonly referred to as “fraud and abuse” laws, including federal and state anti-kickback statutes, prohibited referrals, and the federal False Claims Act, which permit agencies and enforcement authorities to institute a suit against us for violations and, in some cases, to seek treble damages, criminal and civil fines, penalties, and assessments. Violations of these laws can also result in exclusion, debarment, temporary or permanent suspension from participation in government healthcare programs, or the institution of corporate integrity agreements. Liability under such federal and state statutes and regulations may arise if we know, or it is determined that we should have known, that information we provide to form the basis for a claim for government payment is false or fraudulent, and some courts have permitted False Claims Act suits to proceed if the claimant was out of compliance with program requirements.

Fraud, waste and abuse prohibitions encompass a wide range of operating activities, including kickbacks or other inducements for referral of members or for the coverage of products (such as prescription drugs) by a plan, billing for unnecessary medical services by a provider, upcoding, payments made to excluded providers, improper marketing, and the violation of patient privacy rights. In particular, there has recently been increased scrutiny by the Department of Justice on health plans’ risk adjustment practices, particularly in the Medicare program. Companies involved in public healthcare programs such as Medicaid and Medicare are required to maintain compliance programs to detect and deter fraud, waste and abuse, and are often the subject of fraud, waste and abuse investigations and audits.

The federal government has taken the position that claims presented in violation of the federal anti-kickback statute may be considered a violation of the federal False Claims Act. In addition, under the federal civil monetary penalty statute, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Inspector General has the authority to impose civil penalties against any person who, among other things, knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, certain false or otherwise improper claims. Qui tam actions under federal and state law are brought by a private individual, known as a relator, on behalf of the government. A relator who brings a successful qui tam lawsuit can receive 15 to 30 percent of the damages the government recovers from the defendants, which damages are trebled under the False Claims Act. Because of these financial inducements offered to plaintiffs, qui tam actions have increased significantly in recent years, causing greater numbers of healthcare companies to incur the costs of having to defend false claims actions, many of which are spurious and without merit. In addition, meritorious false claims actions could result in fines, or debarment from the Medicare, Medicaid, or other state or federal healthcare programs. If we are subject to liability under a qui tam or other actions, our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations could be adversely affected. Even if we are successful in defending qui tam actions against us, the fact that these actions were filed against us, even if ultimately determined to be without merit, could result in expensive defense costs, and also could have an adverse impact on our reputation and our ability to obtain regulatory approval for acquisitions that we may pursue.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS

The May 2020 contract award to our Kentucky Medicaid plan, and its acquisition of Passport, is the subject of a legal challenge.

On September 4, 2020, Anthem Kentucky Managed Care Plan, Inc. brought an action in Franklin County Circuit Court against the Kentucky Finance and Administration Cabinet, the Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, and all of the five winning bidder health plans, including our Kentucky health plan. This matter remains subject to additional legal and appellate proceedings, and no assurances can be given regarding the ultimate outcome. Under the Court’s June 16, 2021 final Order, our Kentucky health plan will continue to operate for the foreseeable future under its current Medicaid contract and provide care to Kentucky Medicaid members. In the event the contract award to our Kentucky health plan or the novation of the Passport Medicaid contract is overturned, the business and revenue of our Kentucky health plan may be materially and adversely affected.

If the responsive bids of our health plans for new or renewed Medicaid contracts are not successful, or if our government contracts are terminated or are not renewed on favorable terms, our premium revenues could be materially reduced and our operating results could be negatively impacted.

We currently derive our premium revenues from health plans that operate in 18 states. Our consolidated Medicaid premium revenue constituted 76% of our total premium revenue in the year ended December 31, 2021. Measured by Medicaid premium revenue by health plan, our top four health plans were in California, Ohio, Texas, and

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 22

Washington, with aggregate Medicaid premium revenue of $10.4 billion, or approximately 51% of consolidated Medicaid premium revenue, in the year ended December 31, 2021. If we are unable to continue to operate in any of our existing jurisdictions, or if our current operations in those jurisdictions or any portions of those jurisdictions are significantly curtailed or terminated entirely, our revenues could decrease materially.

Many of our government contracts are effective only for a fixed period of time and will only be extended for an additional period of time if the contracting entity elects to do so. For example, our contract in California is expected to be subject to re-procurement in February 2022, and our STAR+PLUS and STAR/CHIP contracts in Texas are expected to be subject to re-procurement in early 2022 and late 2022, respectively. When our government contracts expire, they may be opened for bidding by competing health plans, and there is no guarantee that the contracts will be renewed or extended. Even if our contracts are renewed or extended, there can be no assurance that they will be renewed or extended on the same terms or without a reduction in the applicable service areas.

Even if our responsive bids are successful, the bids may be based upon assumptions regarding enrollment, utilization, medical costs, or other factors which could result in the contract being less profitable than we had expected or could result in a net loss. Furthermore, our contracts contain certain provisions regarding, among other things, eligibility, enrollment and dis-enrollment processes for covered services, eligible providers, periodic financial and information reporting, quality assurance and timeliness of claims payment, and are subject to cancellation if we fail to perform in accordance with the standards set by regulatory agencies.

We are subject to risks associated with outsourcing services and functions to third parties.

We contract with third party vendors and service providers who provide services to us and our subsidiaries or to whom we delegate selected functions. Some of these third parties have direct access to our systems. Our arrangements with third party vendors and service providers may make our operations vulnerable if those third parties fail to satisfy their obligations to us, including their obligations to maintain and protect the security and confidentiality of our information and data or the information and data relating to our members or customers. We are also at risk of a data security incident involving a vendor or third party, which could result in a breakdown of such third party’s data protection processes or cyber-attackers gaining access to our infrastructure through the third party. To the extent that a vendor or third party suffers a data security incident that compromises its operations, we could incur significant costs and possible service interruption. Any contractual remedies and/or indemnification obligations we may have for vendor or service provider failures or incidents may not be adequate to fully compensate us for any losses suffered as a result of any vendor’s failure to satisfy its obligations to us or under applicable law. Violations of, or noncompliance with, laws and/or regulations governing our business or noncompliance with contract terms by third party vendors and service providers could increase our exposure to liability to our members, providers, or other third parties, or could result in sanctions and/or fines from the regulators that oversee our business. In turn, this could increase the costs associated with the operation of our business or have an adverse impact on our business and reputation. Moreover, if these vendor and service provider relationships were terminated for any reason, we may not be able to find alternative partners in a timely manner or on acceptable financial terms. This may incur significant costs and/or experience significant disruption to our operations in connection with any such vendor or service provider transition. As a result, we may not be able to meet the full demands of our members or customers and, in turn, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be harmed.

If we sustain a cyber-attack or suffer data privacy or security breaches that disrupt our information systems or operations, or result in the dissemination of sensitive personal or confidential information, we could suffer increased costs, exposure to significant liability, reputational harm, loss of business, and other serious negative consequences.

As part of our normal operations, we routinely collect, process, store, and transmit large amounts of data, including sensitive personal information as well as proprietary or confidential information relating to our business or third parties. To ensure information security, we have implemented controls designed to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of this data and the systems that store and transmit such data. However, our information technology systems and safety control systems are subject to a growing number of threats from computer programmers, hackers, and other adversaries that may be able to penetrate our network security and misappropriate our confidential information or that of third parties, create system disruptions, or cause damage, security issues, or shutdowns. They also may be able to develop and deploy viruses, worms, and other malicious software programs that attack our systems or otherwise exploit security vulnerabilities. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we may face increased cybersecurity risks due to our reliance on internet technology and the number of our employees who are working remotely, which may create additional opportunities for cybercriminals to exploit vulnerabilities. Because the techniques used to circumvent, gain access to, or sabotage security systems can be highly sophisticated and change frequently, they often are not recognized until launched against a target, and may originate from less regulated and remote areas around the world. We may be unable to anticipate these techniques

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 23

or implement adequate preventive measures, resulting in potential data loss and damage to our systems. Our systems are also subject to compromise from internal threats such as improper action by employees, including malicious insiders, or by vendors, counterparties, and other third parties with otherwise legitimate access to our systems. Our policies, employee training (including phishing prevention training), procedures and technical safeguards may not prevent all improper access to our network or proprietary or confidential information by employees, vendors, counterparties, or other third parties. Our facilities may also be vulnerable to security incidents or security attacks, acts of vandalism or theft, misplaced or lost data, human errors, or other similar events that could negatively affect our systems and our and our members’ data.

Moreover, we face the ongoing challenge of managing access controls in a complex environment. The process of enhancing our protective measures can itself create a risk of systems disruptions and security issues. Given the breadth of our operations and the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks, a particular incident could occur and persist for an extended period of time before being detected. The extent of a particular cyberattack and the steps that we may need to take to investigate the attack may take a significant amount of time before such an investigation could be completed and full and reliable information about the incident is known. During such time, the extent of any harm or how best to remediate it might not be known, which could further increase the risks, costs, and consequences of a data security incident. In addition, our systems must be routinely updated, patched, and upgraded to protect against known vulnerabilities. The volume of new software vulnerabilities has increased substantially, as has the importance of patches and other remedial measures. In addition to remediating newly identified vulnerabilities, previously identified vulnerabilities must also be updated. We are at risk that cyber attackers exploit these known vulnerabilities before they have been addressed. The complexity of our systems and platforms, the increased frequency at which vendors are issuing security patches to their products, our need to test patches, and in some instances, coordinate with third-parties before they can be deployed, all could further increase our risks.

Where doing so is necessary in order to conduct our business, we also provide sensitive personal member information, as well as proprietary or confidential information relating to our business, to our third-party service providers. Although we obtain assurances from those third parties that they have systems and processes in place to protect such data, and that they will take steps to assure the protection of such data by other third parties, those third-party service providers may also be subject to data intrusion or data breach. Any compromise of the confidential data of our members, employees, or business, or the failure to prevent or mitigate the loss of or damage to this data through breach, could result in operational, reputational, competitive, or other business harm, as well as financial costs and regulatory action. The Company maintains cybersecurity insurance in the event of an information security or cyber incident. However, the coverage may not be sufficient to cover all financial losses.

We may be unable to successfully integrate our acquisitions or realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions.

Our growth strategy includes the pursuit of targeted inorganic growth opportunities that we believe will provide a strategic fit, leverage operational synergies, and lead to incremental earnings accretion. For example, on December 31, 2020, we closed on our acquisition of the Magellan Complete Care line of business of Magellan Health, Inc., in the fourth quarter of 2021, we closed on our acquisition of Affinity Health Plan, Inc. in New York and in January 2022, we closed on our acquisition of the Medicaid assets of Cigna Corporation in Texas. In October 2021, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the Medicaid Managed Long Term Care business of AgeWell New York. Subject to the receipt of applicable federal and state regulatory approvals and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, the closing of this transaction is expected to occur by the third quarter of 2022. The integration of acquired businesses with our existing business is a complex, costly and time-consuming process. The success of acquisitions we make will depend, in part, on our ability to successfully combine our existing business with such acquired businesses and realize the anticipated benefits, including synergies, cost savings, growth in earnings, innovation, and operational efficiencies, from the combinations. If we are unable to achieve these objectives within the anticipated time frame, or at all, the anticipated benefits may not be realized fully or at all, or may take longer to realize than expected.

Our acquisitions and the related integration activities involve a number of risks, including the following:

•The transition services that a seller may have agreed to provide following the closing, such as those Magellan Health, Inc. is currently providing in connection with the Magellan Complete Care transaction, may not be provided in a timely or efficient manner, or certain necessary transition services may not be provided at all;

•Unforeseen expenses or delays associated with the acquisition and/or integration;

•The assumptions underlying our expectations regarding the integration process or the expected benefits to be achieved from an acquisition may prove to be incorrect;

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 24

•Maintaining employee morale and retaining key management and other employees;

•Difficulties retaining the business and operational relationships of the acquired business, and attracting new business and operational relationships;

•Unanticipated attrition in the membership of the acquired business pending the completion of the proposed transaction or after the closing of the transaction;

•Unanticipated difficulties or costs in integrating information technology, communications and other systems, consolidating corporate and administrative infrastructures, and eliminating duplicative operations;

•Attention to integration activities may divert management’s attention from ongoing business concerns, which could result in performance shortfalls;

•Successfully addressing the challenges inherent in managing a larger company and coordinating geographically separate organizations; and

•Delays in obtaining, or inability to obtain, necessary state or federal regulatory approvals, or such approvals may impose conditions that were not anticipated.

Many of these factors are outside of our control and any one of them could result in delays, increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues, and diversion of management's time and energy, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in managing our expanded operations as a result of acquisitions or that we will realize the expected growth in earnings, operating efficiencies, cost savings, or other benefits.

If we lose contracts that constitute a significant amount of our premium revenue, we will lose the administrative cost efficiencies or cost leverage that is inherent in a larger revenue base. In such circumstances, we may not be able to reduce fixed costs proportionally with our lower revenue, and the financial impact of lost contracts may exceed the net income ascribed to those contracts.

We currently spread the cost of centralized services over a large revenue base. Many of our administrative costs are fixed in nature, and will be incurred at the same level regardless of the size of our revenue base. If we lose contracts that constitute a significant amount of our revenue, we may not be able to reduce the expense of centralized services in a manner that is proportional to that loss of revenue. In such circumstances, not only will our total dollar margins decline, but our percentage margins, measured as a percentage of revenue, will also decline. This loss of cost efficiency or cost leverage, and the resulting stranded administrative costs, could have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

Our health plans operate with very low profit margins, and small changes in operating performance or slight changes to our accounting estimates will have a disproportionate impact on our reported net income.

A substantial portion of our premium revenue is subject to contract provisions pertaining to medical cost expenditure floors and corridors, administrative cost and profit ceilings, premium stabilization programs, and cost-plus and performance-based reimbursement programs. Many of these contract provisions are complex, or are poorly or ambiguously drafted, and thus are subject to differing interpretations by us and the relevant government agency with whom we contract. If the applicable government agency disagrees with our interpretation or implementation of a particular contract provision, we could be required to adjust the amount of our obligation under that provision. Any such adjustment could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

In addition, many of our contracts contain provisions pertaining to at-risk premiums that require us to meet certain quality performance measures to earn all of our contract revenues. If we are unsuccessful in achieving the stated performance measure, we will be unable to recognize the revenue associated with that measure, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

Our Medicaid premium revenues could be adversely impacted by retroactive adjustments or states’ delays in processing rate changes.

The complexity of some of our Medicaid contract provisions, imprecise language in those contracts, the desire of state Medicaid agencies in some circumstances to retroactively adjust for the acuity of the medical needs of our members, and state delays in processing rate changes, can create uncertainty around the amount of revenue we should recognize. Any circumstance such as those described above could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 25

If, in the interest of long-term profitability, we decide to exit certain state contractual arrangements, make changes to our provider networks, or make changes to our administrative infrastructure, we may incur disruptions to our business that could in the short term materially reduce our premium revenues and our net income.

Decisions that we make with regard to retaining or exiting our portfolio of state or federal contracts, and changes to the manner in which we serve the members of those contracts, could generate substantial expenses associated with the run out of existing operations and the restructuring of those operations that remain. Such expenses could include, but would not be limited to, goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges, restructuring costs, additional medical costs incurred due to the inability to leverage long-term relationships with medical providers, and costs incurred to finish the run out of businesses that have ceased to generate revenue, all of which could materially reduce our premium revenues and net income. For example, following our exit from Puerto Rico in October 2020, significant accounts receivable under our Puerto Rico Medicaid contract remained, which we ultimately may never recover.

A failure to accurately estimate incurred but not paid medical care costs may negatively impact our results of operations.

Because of the lag in time between when medical services are actually rendered by our providers and when we receive, process, and pay a claim for those medical services, we must continually estimate our medical claims liability at particular points in time and establish claims reserves related to such estimates. Our estimated reserves for such incurred but not paid, or IBNP, medical care costs are based on numerous assumptions. We estimate our medical claims liabilities using actuarial methods based on historical data adjusted for claims receipt and payment experience (and variations in that experience), changes in membership, provider billing practices, healthcare service utilization trends, cost trends, product mix, seasonality, prior authorization of medical services, benefit changes, known incidence of disease, including COVID-19, or increased incidence of illness such as the flu, provider contract changes, changes to Medicaid fee schedules, and the incidence of high dollar or catastrophic claims. Our ability to accurately estimate claims for our newer lines of business or populations is negatively impacted by the more limited experience we have had with those newer lines of business or populations.

The IBNP estimation methods we use and the resulting reserves that we establish are reviewed and updated, and adjustments, if deemed necessary, are reflected in the current period. Given the numerous uncertainties inherent in such estimates, our actual claims liabilities for a particular quarter or other period could differ significantly from the amounts estimated and reserved for that quarter or period. Our actual claims liabilities have varied and will continue to vary from our estimates, particularly in times of significant changes in utilization, medical cost trends, and populations and markets served.

If our actual liability for claims payments is higher than previously estimated, our earnings in any particular quarter or annual period could be negatively affected. Our estimates of IBNP may be inadequate in the future, which would negatively affect our results of operations for the relevant time period. Furthermore, if we are unable to accurately estimate IBNP, our ability to take timely corrective actions may be limited, further exacerbating the extent of the negative impact on our results.

If we fail to accurately predict and effectively manage our medical care costs, our operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

Our profitability depends to a significant degree on our ability to accurately predict and effectively manage our medical care costs. Historically, our medical care ratio, meaning our medical care costs as a percentage of our premium revenue, has fluctuated substantially, and has varied across our health plans. Because the premium payments we receive are generally fixed in advance and we operate with a narrow profit margin, relatively small changes in our medical care ratio can create significant changes in our overall financial results. For example, if our overall medical care ratio of 88.3% for the year ended December 31, 2021, had been one percentage point higher, or 89.3%, our net income per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2021 would have been approximately $7.76 rather than our actual net income per diluted share of $11.25, a difference of $3.49.

Many factors may affect our medical care costs, including:

•the level of utilization of healthcare services;

•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic;

•changes in the underlying risk acuity of our membership;

•unexpected patterns in the annual flu season;

•increases in hospital costs;

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 26

•increased incidences or acuity of high dollar claims related to catastrophic illnesses or medical conditions for which we do not have adequate reinsurance coverage;

•increased maternity costs;

•changes in state eligibility certification methodologies;

•relatively low levels of hospital and specialty provider competition in certain geographic areas;

•increases in the cost of pharmaceutical products and services;

•changes in healthcare regulations and practices;

•epidemics;

•new medical technologies; and

•other various external factors.

Many of these factors are beyond our control. The inability to forecast and manage our medical care costs or to establish and maintain a satisfactory medical care ratio, either with respect to a particular health plan or across the consolidated entity, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

If we are unable to deliver quality care, and maintain good relations with the physicians, hospitals, and other providers with whom we contract, or if we are unable to enter into cost-effective contracts with such providers, our profitability could be adversely affected.

We contract with physicians, hospitals, and other providers as a means to ensure access to healthcare services for our members, to manage medical care costs and utilization, and to better monitor the quality of care being delivered. We compete with other health plans to contract with these providers. We believe providers select plans in which they participate based on criteria including reimbursement rates, timeliness and accuracy of claims payment, potential to deliver new patient volume and/or retain existing patients, effectiveness of resolution of calls and complaints, and other factors. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain providers to maintain a competitive network in the geographic areas we serve. In addition, in any particular market, providers could refuse to contract with us, demand higher payments, or take other actions which could result in higher medical care costs, disruption to provider access for current members, a decline in our growth rate, or difficulty in meeting regulatory or accreditation requirements.

The Medicaid program generally pays doctors and hospitals at levels well below those of Medicare and private insurance. Large numbers of doctors, therefore, do not accept Medicaid patients. In the face of fiscal pressures, some states may reduce rates paid to providers, which may further discourage participation in the Medicaid program.

In some markets, certain providers, particularly hospitals and some specialists, may have significant market positions or even monopolies. If these providers refuse to contract with us or utilize their market position to negotiate favorable contracts which are disadvantageous to us, our profitability in those areas could be adversely affected.

Some providers that render services to our members are not contracted with our health plans. In those cases, there is no pre-established understanding between the provider and our health plan about the amount of compensation that is due to the provider. In some states, the amount of compensation is defined by law or regulation, but in most instances it is either not defined or it is established by a standard that is not clearly translatable into dollars. In such instances, providers may claim they are underpaid for their services and may either litigate or arbitrate their dispute with our health plan. The uncertainty of the amount to pay to such providers and the possibility of subsequent adjustment of the payment or litigation with the provider that results in an adverse decision could adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

We rely on the accuracy of eligibility lists provided by state governments. Inaccuracies in those lists would negatively affect our results of operations.

Premium payments to our health plans are based upon eligibility lists produced by state governments. From time to time, states require us to reimburse them for premiums paid to us based on an eligibility list that a state later discovers contains individuals who are not in fact eligible for a government sponsored program or are eligible for a different premium category or a different program. Alternatively, a state could fail to pay us for members for whom we are entitled to payment. Our results of operations would be adversely affected as a result of such reimbursement to the state if we make or have made related payments to providers and are unable to recoup such payments from the providers. Further, when a state implements new programs to determine eligibility, establishes new processes to assign or enroll eligible members into health plans, or chooses new subcontractors, there is an increased potential for an unanticipated impact on the overall number of members assigned to managed care health plans. Whenever a state effects an eligibility redetermination for any reason, there is generally an associated

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 27

reduction in Medicaid membership, which could have an adverse effect on our premium revenues and results of operations.

The insolvency of a delegated provider could obligate us to pay its referral claims, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

Many of our primary care physicians and a small portion of our specialists and hospitals are paid on a capitated basis. Under capitation arrangements, we pay a fixed amount per member per month to the provider without regard to the frequency, extent, or nature of the medical services actually furnished. Due to insolvency or other circumstances, such providers may be unable or unwilling to pay claims they have incurred with third parties in connection with referral services provided to our members. The inability or unwillingness of delegated providers to pay referral claims presents us with both immediate financial risk and potential disruption to member care, as well as potential loss of members. Depending on states’ laws, we may be held liable for such unpaid referral claims even though the delegated provider has contractually assumed such risk. Additionally, competitive pressures or practical regulatory considerations may force us to pay such claims even when we have no legal obligation to do so; or we have already paid claims to a delegated provider and such payments cannot be recouped when the delegated provider becomes insolvent. Liabilities incurred or losses suffered as a result of provider insolvency or other circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

Receipt of inadequate or significantly delayed premiums could negatively affect our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

Our premium revenues consist of fixed monthly payments per member, and supplemental payments for other services such as maternity deliveries. These premiums are fixed by contract, and we are obligated during the contract periods to provide healthcare services as established by the state governments. We use a large portion of our revenues to pay the costs of healthcare services delivered to our members. If premiums do not increase when expenses related to healthcare services rise, our medical margins will be compressed, and our earnings will be negatively affected. A state could increase hospital or other provider rates without making a commensurate increase in the rates paid to us, could lower our rates without making a commensurate reduction in the rates paid to hospitals or other providers, or could delay the processing of rate changes. In addition, if the actuarial assumptions made by a state in implementing a rate or benefit change are incorrect or are at variance with the particular utilization patterns of the members of one or more of our health plans, our medical margins could be reduced. Any of these rate adjustments in one or more of the states in which we operate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

If a state fails to renew its federal waiver application for mandated Medicaid enrollment into managed care or such application is denied, our membership in that state will likely decrease.

States may only mandate Medicaid enrollment into managed care under federal waivers or demonstrations. Waivers and programs under demonstrations are approved for two- to five-year periods and can be renewed on an ongoing basis if the state applies and the waiver request is approved or renewed by CMS. We have no control over this renewal process. If a state in which we operate does not renew its mandated program or the federal government denies the state’s application for renewal, our business would suffer as a result of a likely decrease in membership.

Failure to attain profitability in any newly acquired health plans or new start-up operations could negatively affect our results of operations.

Start-up costs associated with a new business can be substantial. For example, to obtain a certificate of authority to operate as a health maintenance organization in most jurisdictions, we must first establish a provider network, have infrastructure and required systems in place, and demonstrate our ability to obtain a state contract and process claims. Often, we are also required to contribute significant capital to fund mandated net worth requirements, performance bonds or escrows, or contingency guaranties. If we are unsuccessful in obtaining the certificate of authority, winning the bid to provide services, or attracting members in sufficient numbers to cover our costs, the new business could fail.

The expenses associated with starting up a health plan in a new jurisdiction, expanding a health plan in an existing jurisdiction, or acquiring a new health plan, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 28

Our business depends on our information and medical management systems, and our inability to effectively integrate, manage, update, and keep secure our information and medical management systems could disrupt our operations.

Our business is dependent on effective and secure information systems that assist us in processing provider claims, monitoring utilization and other cost factors, supporting our medical management techniques, providing data to our regulators, and implementing our data security measures. Our members and providers also depend upon our information systems for enrollment, premium processing, primary care and specialist physician roster access, membership verifications, claims status, provider payments, and other information. If we experience a reduction in the performance, reliability, or availability of our information and medical management systems, our operations, ability to pay claims, ability to produce timely and accurate reports, and ability to maintain proper security measures could be adversely affected.

We have partnered with third parties to support our information technology systems. This makes our operations vulnerable to adverse effects if such third parties fail to perform adequately. For example, in February 2019, we entered into a master services agreement with a third party vendor who manages certain of our information technology infrastructure services including, among other things, our information technology operations, end-user services, and data centers. If any licensor or vendor of any technology which is integral to our operations were to become insolvent or otherwise fail to support the technology sufficiently, our operations could be negatively affected. Additionally, our operations are vulnerable to adverse effects if such third parties are unable to perform due to forces outside of their control, such as a natural disaster or serious weather event. For example, in 2021, our third party call center, located in the province of Cebu in the Philippines, suffered significant disruptions as a result of the destruction caused by Super Typhoon Rai.

Our encounter data may be inaccurate or incomplete, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and ability to bid for, and continue to participate in, certain programs.

Our contracts require the submission of complete and correct encounter data. The accurate and timely reporting of encounter data is increasingly important to the success of our programs because more states are using encounter data to determine compliance with performance standards and to set premium rates. We have been, and continue to be, exposed to operating sanctions and financial fines and penalties for noncompliance. In some instances, our government clients have established retroactive requirements for the encounter data we must submit. There also may be periods of time in which we are unable to meet existing requirements. In either case, it may be prohibitively expensive or impossible for us to collect or reconstruct this historical data.

We have experienced challenges in obtaining complete and accurate encounter data, due to difficulties with providers and third-party vendors submitting claims in a timely fashion in the proper format, and with state agencies in coordinating such submissions. As states increase their reliance on encounter data, these difficulties could adversely affect the premium rates we receive and how membership is assigned to us and subject us to financial penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations, and on our ability to bid for, and continue to participate in, certain programs.

An impairment charge with respect to our recorded goodwill, or our finite-lived intangible assets, could have a material impact on our financial results.

As of December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of goodwill was $982 million, and intangible assets, net, were $270 million.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis and more frequently if impairment indicators are present. Impairment indicators may include experienced or expected operating cash-flow deterioration or losses, significant losses of membership, loss of state funding, loss of state contracts, and other factors. Goodwill is impaired if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. This excess is recorded as an impairment loss and adjusted if necessary for the impact of tax-deductible goodwill. The loss recognized may not exceed the total goodwill allocated to the reporting unit.

An event could occur that would cause us to revise our estimates and assumptions used in analyzing the value of our goodwill, and intangible assets, net. For example, if the responsive bid of one or more of our health plans is not successful, we will lose a contract in the applicable state or states and may be an indicator of impairment. If an event or events occur that would cause us to revise our estimates and assumptions used in analyzing the value of our goodwill and other intangible assets, such revision could result in a non-cash impairment charge that could have a material impact on our results of operations in the period in which the impairment occurs.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 29

GENERAL RISK FACTORS

We are dependent on the leadership of our chief executive officer and other executive officers and key employees.

The success of our business and the ability to execute our strategy are highly dependent on the efforts of Mr. Zubretsky, our chief executive officer, and our other key executive officers and employees. The loss of their leadership, expertise, and experience could negatively impact our operations. Our ability to replace them or any other key employee may be difficult and may take an extended period of time because of the limited number of individuals in the healthcare industry who have the breadth and depth of skills and experience necessary to operate and lead a business such as ours. Competition to hire from this limited pool is intense, and we may be unable to hire, train, retain, or motivate these personnel. If we are unsuccessful in recruiting, retaining, managing, and motivating such personnel, our business, financial condition, cash flows, or results of operations could be adversely affected.

We face claims related to litigation which could result in substantial monetary damages.

We are subject to a variety of legal actions, including provider claims, employment related disputes, healthcare regulatory law-based litigation and enforcement actions, breach of contract actions, qui tam or False Claims Act actions, and securities class actions. If we incur liability materially in excess of the amount for which we have insurance coverage, our profitability would suffer. Even if any claims brought against us are unsuccessful or without merit, we may have to defend ourselves against such claims. The defense of any such actions may be time-consuming and costly, and may distract our management’s attention. Such legal actions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Because our corporate headquarters are located in Southern California, our business operations may be significantly disrupted as a result of a major earthquake or wildfire.

Our corporate headquarters are located in Long Beach, California. In addition, some of our health plans’ claims are processed in Long Beach, California. Southern California is exposed to a statistically greater risk of a major earthquake and wildfires than most other parts of the United States. If a major earthquake or wildfire were to strike Southern California, our corporate functions and claims processing could be significantly impaired for a substantial period of time. If there is a major Southern California earthquake or wildfire, there can be no assurances that our disaster recovery plan will be successful or that the business operations of our health plans, including those that are remote from any such event, would not be substantially impacted.

Failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and stock price, and could subject us to sanctions by regulatory authorities.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the past, which have subsequently been remediated. If additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting are discovered or occur in the future, our consolidated financial statements may contain material misstatements and we could be required to restate our financial results.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 30

PROPERTIES

We own and lease certain real properties to support the business operations of our reportable segments. While we believe our current and anticipated facilities are adequate to meet our operational needs in the near term, we continually evaluate the adequacy of our properties for our anticipated future needs.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Kentucky RFP. On September 4, 2020, Anthem Kentucky Managed Care Plan, Inc. brought an action in Franklin County Circuit Court against the Kentucky Finance and Administration Cabinet, the Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services, and all of the five winning bidder health plans, including our Kentucky health plan. This matter remains subject to additional legal and appellate proceedings, and no assurances can be given regarding the ultimate outcome. Under the Court’s June 16, 2021 final Order, our Kentucky health plan will continue to operate for the foreseeable future under its current Medicaid contract and provide care to Kentucky Medicaid members.

Puerto Rico. On August 13, 2021, Molina Healthcare of Puerto, Inc. (“MHPR”) filed a complaint asserting, among other claims, breach of contract against Puerto Rico Health Insurance Administration (“ASES”). On September 13, 2021, in addition to filing its answer to MHPR’s complaint, ASES filed a counterclaim and a third-party complaint against MHPR and the Company. The counterclaim alleges that MHPR and the Company breached contractual obligations by failing to pay providers and, in addition to damages, seeks various equitable remedies. On October 8, 2021, MHPR filed its reply to the counterclaim, denying all the allegations, and on November 1, 2021, the Company filed its answer to the third-party complaint. On December 3, 2021, MHPR filed a request for disbursement of illegally withheld funds, and ASES filed its opposition. At a status hearing on January 19, 2022, the Company and ASES both argued MHPR’s request for disbursement. The court has not ruled. This matter is in its early stages, and no prediction can be made as to the outcome. No gain or loss is probable and reasonably estimable with regard to either MHPR’s complaint or the counterclaim of ASES.

Refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies—Legal Proceedings,” for further information.

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

STOCK REPURCHASE PROGRAMS

Purchases of common stock made by us, or on our behalf during the quarter ended December 31, 2021, including shares withheld by us to satisfy our employees’ income tax obligations, are set forth below:

	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
October 1 — October 31	2,000	$	273.61	—	$	500,000,000
November 1 — November 30	—	$	—	—	$	500,000,000
December 1 — December 31	—	$	—	—	$	500,000,000
	2,000	$	273.61	—

_______________________

(1)During the three months ended December 31, 2021, we withheld approximately 2,000 shares of common stock to settle employee income tax obligations, for releases of awards granted under the Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. For further information refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 13, “Stockholders' Equity.”

(2)For further information on our stock repurchase programs, refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 13, “Stockholders' Equity.”

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 31

STOCK PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The following graph and related discussion are being furnished solely to accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K pursuant to Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K and shall not be deemed to be “soliciting materials” or to be “filed” with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (other than as provided in Item 201) nor shall this information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language contained therein, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into a filing.

The following line graph compares the percentage change in the cumulative total return on our common stock against the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poor’s Corporation Composite 500 Index (the “S&P 500”) and a peer group index for the five-year period from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2021. The comparison assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2016, in our common stock and in each of the foregoing indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends. The stock performance shown on the graph below represents historical stock performance and is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

The peer group index consists of Acadia Healthcare Company, Inc. (ACHC), Anthem, Inc. (ANTM), Centene Corporation (CNC), Cigna Corporation (CI), Community Health Systems, Inc. (CYH), HCA Healthcare, Inc. (HCA), Humana, Inc. (HUM), Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LH), Magellan Health, Inc. (MGLN), Quest Diagnostics Incorporated (DGX), Tenet Healthcare Corporation (THC) and Universal Health Services, Inc. (UHS).

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 32

STOCK TRADING SYMBOL AND DIVIDENDS

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol “MOH.” As of February 11, 2022, there were 13 registered holders of record of our common stock, including Cede & Co. To date we have not paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund our projected business operations. However, we intend to periodically evaluate our cash position to determine whether to pay a cash dividend in the future. Our ability to pay dividends is partially dependent on, among other things, our receipt of cash dividends from our regulated subsidiaries. The ability of our regulated subsidiaries to pay dividends to us is limited by the state departments of insurance in the states in which we operate or may operate, as well as requirements of the government-sponsored health programs in which we participate. Additionally, the indentures governing our outstanding senior notes and credit agreement contain various covenants that limit our ability to pay dividends on our common stock. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other factors, our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements and contractual and regulatory restrictions. For more information regarding restrictions on the ability of our regulated subsidiaries to pay dividends to us, please see the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies—Regulatory Capital Requirements and Dividend Restrictions.”

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 33

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (“MD&A”)

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations as of and for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, are presented in the sections that follow. Our MD&A as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, may be found in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K, which prior disclosure is incorporated by reference herein.

OVERVIEW

Molina Healthcare, Inc., a FORTUNE 500 company (currently ranked 155), provides managed healthcare services under the Medicaid and Medicare programs, and through the state insurance marketplaces (the “Marketplace”). We served approximately 5.2 million members as of December 31, 2021, located across 18 states.

2021 HIGHLIGHTS

Highlights of our 2021 results included the following:

•Net income for 2021 was $659 million, or $11.25 per diluted share, compared to $673 million, or $11.23 per diluted share, in 2020;

•Total revenue of $27.8 billion, which increased 43% compared to 2020;

•Premium revenue of $26.9 billion, which increased 47% compared to 2020;

•Consolidated medical care ratio (“MCR”) of 88.3%, compared to 86.5% in 2020;

•Membership, increased 1.2 million members year-over-year to 5.2 million at December 31, 2021;

•General and administrative expense ratio (“G&A ratio”) improved to 7.4%, compared to 7.6% in 2020; and

•After-tax margin of 2.4%.

The net effect of COVID decreased 2021 net income per diluted share by $3.50 per diluted share and decreased 2020 net income per diluted share by $2.30. The net effect of COVID impacted all three lines of business and increased the 2021 consolidated MCR by approximately 90 basis points, compared to an increase of approximately 50 basis points to the consolidated MCR in 2020. The net effect of COVID reflects COVID-related inpatient costs and COVID-related risk corridors enacted by a number of our state customers beginning in the second quarter of 2020, partially offset by a decrease in medical costs due to COVID-related utilization curtailment.

Growth Initiatives

We have made major strides related to our growth strategy. On October 7, 2021, we signed a definitive agreement to acquire the Medicaid Managed Long Term Care business of AgeWell New York. On October 25, 2021, we closed on the acquisition of Affinity Health Plan in New York. On January 1, 2022, we closed the acquisition of Cigna Corporation’s Texas Medicaid and Medicare-Medicaid Plan contracts, along with certain operating assets. Each of these acquisitions involve financially underperforming health plans, but with stable membership and revenue bases. We believe they provide attractive opportunities for margin improvement, operating leverage and membership growth. Our growth initiatives continue to be anchored by our capital allocation priorities: first, organic growth; second, inorganic growth through accretive acquisitions; and third, programmatically returning excess capital to stockholders.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 34

FINANCIAL RESULTS SUMMARY

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2020
	(In millions, except per-share amounts)
Premium revenue	$	26,855		$	18,299
Less: medical care costs	23,704			15,820
Medical margin	3,151			2,479
MCR (1)	88.3		%	86.5		%
Other revenues:
Premium tax revenue	787			649
Health insurer fees reimbursed	—			271
Marketplace risk corridor judgment	—			128
Investment income	52			59
Other revenue	77			17
General and administrative expenses	2,068			1,480
G&A ratio (2)	7.4		%	7.6		%
Premium tax expenses	787			649
Health insurer fees	—			277
Depreciation and amortization	131			88
Other	61			31
Operating income	1,020			1,078
Interest expense	120			102
Other expenses (income), net	25			15
Income before income tax expense	875			961
Income tax expense	216			288
Net income	$	659		$	673
Net income per diluted share	$	11.25		$	11.23
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	58.6			59.9
Other Key Statistics:
Ending Membership (4)	5.2			4.0
Effective income tax rate	24.7		%	30.0		%
After-tax margin (3)	2.4		%	3.5		%

__________________

(1)MCR represents medical care costs as a percentage of premium revenue.

(2)G&A ratio represents general and administrative expenses as a percentage of total revenue.

(3)After-tax margin represents net income as a percentage of total revenue.

(4)Approximately 200,000 members, from the Magellan Complete Care acquisition that closed on December 31, 2020, are not included in the totals as of December 31, 2020.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 35

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

NET INCOME AND OPERATING INCOME

Net income amounted to $659 million, or $11.25 per diluted share in 2021, compared with net income of $673 million, or $11.23 per diluted share, in 2020. We estimate that the net effect of COVID decreased net income by approximately $3.50 per diluted share in 2021. In 2020, the net effect of COVID decreased net income by approximately $2.30 per diluted share.

Operating income was $1,020 million in 2021, compared with $1,078 million in 2020. The decrease in operating income was mainly due to the increase in MCR, reflecting increases in all our segments, and the $128 million Marketplace risk corridor judgment received in 2020, partially offset by the favorable impact of membership growth and higher premium revenues.

Net income per share in 2021 was favorably impacted by the reduction in common shares outstanding as a result of our share repurchase programs in 2020. See further discussion and information in “Liquidity and Financial Condition,” below, and in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 3, “Net Income Per Share.”

PREMIUM REVENUE

Premium revenue increased $8.6 billion, or 47%, in 2021, when compared with 2020. The higher premium revenue mainly reflects growth in membership across all segments in 2021.

Membership increased by 1.2 million compared with December 31, 2020, which mainly reflected the impact of acquisitions that closed in the second half of 2020, including Magellan Complete Care and the Affinity acquisition that closed in the fourth quarter of 2021, and organic increases in the Medicaid and Marketplace segments. The lower impact of COVID-related risk corridors in 2021, that were enacted in several states beginning in the second quarter of 2020 in response to COVID-related utilization curtailment, also contributed to increase in premium revenue.

MEDICAL CARE RATIO

The consolidated MCR in 2021 increased to 88.3%, compared to 86.5% in 2020, and reflects increases in all our segments. The net effect of COVID increased the consolidated MCR by approximately 90 basis points in 2021, and reflects higher COVID inpatient costs, and lower COVID-related utilization curtailment, partially offset by a lower impact of COVID-related risk corridors. The net effect of COVID impacted all our segments, but the year-over-year change was unfavorable for our Medicare and Marketplace segments. In 2020, the net effect of COVID increased our consolidated MCR by approximately 50 basis points.

The prior year reserve development in 2021 was modestly favorable, but its impact on earnings was mostly absorbed by the COVID-related risk corridors.

PREMIUM TAX REVENUE AND EXPENSES

The premium tax ratio decreased to 2.8% in 2021, compared with 3.4% in 2020. The current year ratio decrease was mainly due to the changes in business mix resulting from the Magellan Complete Care and other acquisitions closed in the second half of 2020.

MARKETPLACE RISK CORRIDOR JUDGMENT

In June 2020, the U.S. Court of Federal Claims granted us judgment in the amount of $128 million for 2014, 2015, and 2016 Marketplace risk corridor claims, following a favorable U.S. Supreme Court decision in April 2020 which held section 1342 of the Affordable Care Act obligated the federal government to pay participating insurers the full Marketplace risk corridor amounts calculated by that statute. We received the judgment in October 2020 and, consistent with the timing of the cash receipt, the gain was recognized in our fourth quarter 2020 financial results and reported in “Marketplace risk corridor judgment” in our consolidated statements of income. The judgment did not create additional Minimum MLR rebates.

INVESTMENT INCOME

Investment income decreased to $52 million in 2021, compared with $59 million in 2020. The year-over-year decrease was due to the continued low interest rate environment and a temporarily higher allocation in shorter-term invested assets during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was rescinded effective for the second quarter of 2021.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 36

OTHER REVENUE

Other revenue increased to $77 million in 2021, compared with $17 million in 2020. Beginning in the first quarter of 2021, other revenue includes service revenue associated with the long-term services and supports consultative services we now provide in Wisconsin, as a result of our Magellan Complete Care acquisition.

GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE (“G&A”) EXPENSES

The G&A expense ratio decreased slightly to 7.4% in 2021 compared with 7.6% in 2020. The year over year decrease reflects the benefits of scale produced by our growth and our disciplined cost management, partially offset by appropriate investments to support our business growth and increased acquisition-related expenses.

HEALTH INSURER FEES (“HIF”)

There were no HIF fees incurred or reimbursed in 2021, because the HIF was repealed effective for years after 2020.

DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION

Depreciation and amortization increased to $131 million in 2021, compared with $88 million in 2020. The increase was due primarily to amortization associated with acquisitions completed in the second half of 2020 and 2021.

OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES

Other operating expenses increased to $61 million in the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with $31 million in the year ended December 31, 2020. Beginning in the first quarter of 2021, other operating expenses include service costs associated with the long-term services and supports consultative services we now provide in Wisconsin, as noted above.

INTEREST EXPENSE

Interest expense increased to $120 million in 2021, compared with $102 million in 2020, mainly due to higher levels of average outstanding debt, resulting from the net impact of financing activities in both 2020 and 2021.

OTHER EXPENSES (INCOME), NET

In 2021, we recognized a loss on debt repayment of $25 million in connection with early redemption of our 5.375% Notes. In 2020, we recognized a loss on debt repayment of $15 million, in connection with repayment of our term loan facility and other financing transactions.

INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense amounted to $216 million in 2021, or 24.7% of pretax income, compared with income tax expense of $288 million in 2020, or 30.0% of the pretax income. The effective tax rate is lower in 2021 mainly because the nondeductible HIF was repealed for years after 2020.

REPORTABLE SEGMENTS

As of December 31, 2021, we served approximately 5.2 million members eligible for Medicaid, Medicare, and other government-sponsored healthcare programs for low-income families and individuals, including Marketplace members, most of whom receive government premium subsidies.

In the first quarter of 2021, we realigned our reportable operating segments to reflect recent changes in our internal operating and reporting structure, which is now organized by government program. These reportable segments consist of: 1) Medicaid; 2) Medicare; 3) Marketplace; and 4) Other.

The Medicaid, Medicare, and Marketplace segments represent the government-funded or sponsored programs under which we offer managed healthcare services. The Other segment, which is insignificant to our consolidated results of operations, includes certain corporate amounts not associated with or allocated to the Medicaid, Medicare, or Marketplace segments. Additionally, the Other segment includes service revenues and service costs associated with the long-term services and supports consultative services we now provide in Wisconsin, as a result of the Magellan Complete Care acquisition on December 31, 2020.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 37

HOW WE ASSESS PERFORMANCE

We derive our revenues primarily from health insurance premiums. Our primary customers are state Medicaid agencies and the federal government.

The key metrics used to assess the performance of our Medicaid, Medicare, and Marketplace segments are premium revenue, medical margin and MCR. MCR represents the amount of medical care costs as a percentage of premium revenue. Therefore, the underlying medical margin, or the amount earned by the Medicaid, Medicare, and Marketplace segments after medical costs are deducted from premium revenue, represents the most important measure of earnings reviewed by management, and is used by our chief executive officer to review results, assess performance, and allocate resources. The key metric used to assess the performance of our Other segment is service margin. The service margin is equal to service revenue minus cost of service revenue.

Management’s discussion and analysis of the change in medical margin is discussed below under “Segment Financial Performance.” For more information, see Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 16, “Segments.”

TRENDS AND UNCERTAINTIES

For a discussion of the trends, uncertainties and other developments that affected our reportable segments during the year, refer to “Item 1. Business—Our Business,” “—COVID-19 Pandemic,” “—Legislative and Political Environment,” “—Operations—Medical Management,” and “—Regulation.”

SEGMENT FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

The following table summarizes our membership by segment as of the dates indicated:

	As of December 31,
	2021	2020
Medicaid	4,329,000	3,599,000
Medicare	142,000	115,000
Marketplace	728,000	318,000
Total (1)	5,199,000	4,032,000

____________________

(1)Approximately 200,000 members, from the Magellan Complete Care acquisition that closed on December 31, 2020, are not included in the totals as of December 31, 2020.

The tables below summarize premium revenue, medical margin, and MCR by segment for the periods indicated (dollars in millions):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021						2020
	Premium Revenue		Medical Margin		MCR		Premium Revenue		Medical Margin		MCR
Medicaid	$	20,461	$	2,322	88.7	%	$	14,265	$	1,804	87.4	%
Medicare	3,361		430		87.2		2,512		351		86.0
Marketplace	3,033		399		86.9		1,522		324		78.7
Total	$	26,855	$	3,151	88.3	%	$	18,299	$	2,479	86.5	%

Medicaid

Medicaid premium revenue increased $6.2 billion in 2021, when compared with 2020, mainly due to the impact from the Magellan Complete Care, and other acquisitions closed in the second half of 2020, the Affinity acquisition that closed in the fourth quarter of 2021, and organic membership growth. Excluding acquisitions, membership growth occurred across nearly all our states and was mainly driven by the extension of the PHE period and the associated suspension of membership redeterminations. Also contributing to the overall premium revenue increase was a lower impact of COVID-related risk corridors in 2021 compared to 2020.

As described in “Item 1. Business—COVID-19 Pandemic,” we recognized approximately $323 million in 2021, for the impact of COVID-related risk corridors enacted in most states in 2020, mainly related to Medicaid, in response

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 38

to the lower utilization of medical services resulting from COVID-19. We recognized $564 million related to COVID-related risk corridors in 2020, mainly related to Medicaid.

The Medical Margin of our Medicaid program increased $518 million, or 29%, in 2021 when compared with 2020. The increase was driven by increased premium revenues and margin associated with the membership growth discussed above, partially offset by the MCR increase discussed below.

The Medicaid MCR increased to 88.7% in 2021, from 87.4% in 2020, or 130 basis points. The increase in the Medicaid MCR in 2021 was mainly due to business mix changes, partially offset by continued medical cost management and a year-over-year decrease in the net effect of COVID. The year-over-year change in impact of the net effect of COVID reflects the decrease in COVID-related risk corridors discussed above, partially offset by an increase in COVID-related inpatient costs, and lower COVID-related utilization curtailment. The Medicaid MCR is consistent with our long-term target despite the net effect of COVID.

Medicare

Medicare premium revenue increased $849 million in 2021, when compared with 2020, primarily due to the impact of higher membership, mainly from the Magellan Complete Care acquisition, and higher premium revenue PMPM.

The Medical Margin for Medicare increased $79 million, or 23%, in 2021 when compared with 2020. The year-over-year increase in margin is driven by the increase in premium revenue from higher volume, partially offset by the MCR increase discussed below.

The Medicare MCR increased to 87.2% in 2021, from 86.0% in 2020, or 120 basis points. The increase was primarily driven by the net effect of COVID, including higher direct COVID medical costs, resulting from higher infection rates in our Medicare population. The net effect of COVID had a negligible impact on the MCR in 2020. The Medicare MCR is in line with our long-term target despite the net effect of COVID.

Marketplace

Marketplace premium revenue increased $1.5 billion in 2021, when compared with 2020, mainly due to higher membership, partially offset by a decrease in premium revenue PMPM. Our Marketplace membership as of December 31, 2021, amounted to 728,000 members, representing growth of 410,000 members year over year, and substantially exceeding our expectations. This improvement resulted from several factors, including strong product design and competitive pricing, better than expected natural attrition rates, and the extended special enrollment period. The decrease in premium revenue PMPM was mainly driven by changes in business mix, with an increase of members in the bronze metal tier.

The Marketplace Medical Margin increased $75 million in 2021, primarily due to the increase in membership and premiums, mostly offset by an increase in the MCR compared to 2020.

The Marketplace MCR increased to 86.9% in 2021, compared to 78.7% in 2020, or 820 basis points. The increase in MCR resulted mainly from a higher net effect of COVID, due to continued COVID utilization pressure in our largest Marketplace geographies, and increased non-COVID medical costs by members enrolled through the special enrollment period. Special Enrollment Period membership grew to almost 40% of our Marketplace book by the fourth quarter, and many of the new members that we attracted in 2021 were in regions disproportionately affected by COVID, particularly in Texas. Moreover, we attracted a large number of members through the special enrollment period, and those members experienced higher non-COVID utilization in addition to COVID-related costs.

Other

The Other segment includes service revenues and costs associated with the long-term services and supports consultative services we now provide in Wisconsin as a result of our Magellan Complete Care acquisition, and also includes certain corporate amounts not allocated to the Medicaid, Medicare, or Marketplace segments. Such amounts were immaterial to our consolidated results of operations for 2021 and 2020.

LIQUIDITY AND FINANCIAL CONDITION

LIQUIDITY

We manage our cash, investments, and capital structure to meet the short- and long-term obligations of our business while maintaining liquidity and financial flexibility. We forecast, analyze, and monitor our cash flows to enable prudent investment management and financing within the confines of our financial strategy.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 39

We maintain liquidity at two levels: 1) the regulated health plan subsidiaries; and 2) the parent company.

Our regulated health plan subsidiaries’ primary liquidity requirements include payment of medical claims and other health care services; payment of certain settlements with our state and federal customers, such as MLR and risk corridors and Marketplace risk transfers on behalf of CMS; general and administrative costs directly incurred or paid through an administrative services agreement to the parent company; and federal tax payments to the parent company under an intercompany tax sharing agreement. Our regulated health plan subsidiaries meet their liquidity needs by generating cash flows from operating activities, primarily from premium revenue; cash flows from investing activities, including investment income and sales of investments; and capital contributions received from our parent company.

Our regulated health plan subsidiaries generally receive premiums in advance of payments of claims for medical and other health care services; however, cash and cash equivalents in regulated health plan subsidiaries can fluctuate significantly in a particular period depending on the timing of receipts for premiums from our government partners. Any decline or delay in receipt of premium revenue could have a negative impact on our liquidity. We did not experience noticeable delays to, or changes in, the timing or level of premium receipts in 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, but there can be no assurance that we will not experience such delays in the future. See further discussion below in “Future Sources and Uses of Liquidity—Future Uses—Potential Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic.”

Our regulated health plan subsidiaries are each subject to applicable state regulations that, among other things, require the maintenance of minimum levels of capital and surplus. We continue to maintain appropriate levels of aggregate excess statutory capital and surplus in our regulated health plan subsidiaries. See further discussion under “Regulatory Capital and Dividend Restrictions” below. When available and as permitted by applicable regulations, cash in excess of the capital needs of our regulated health plan subsidiaries is generally paid in the form of dividends to our parent company to be used for general corporate purposes. The regulated health plan subsidiaries paid dividends to the parent company amounting to $564 million in 2021 and $635 million in 2020.

Parent company liquidity requirements generally consist of payment of administrative costs not directly incurred by our regulated operations, including, but not limited to, staffing costs, lease payments, branding and certain information technology services; capital contributions paid to our regulated health plan subsidiaries, including funding for newer health plans; capital expenditures; debt service; funding for common stock purchases, acquisitions and other growth-related activities; and federal tax payments. The parent company contributed capital of $440 million and $107 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively, to our regulated health plan subsidiaries to satisfy statutory capital and surplus requirements. The increased contributions in 2021 were mainly attributed to fund growth in our New York and Kentucky health plans. Our parent company normally meets its liquidity requirements by earning administrative services fees under administrative services agreements; dividends received from our regulated subsidiaries; collecting federal tax payments from the regulated subsidiaries; proceeds from issuance of debt and equity securities; and cash flows from investing activities, including investment income and sales of investments.

Cash, cash equivalents and investments at the parent company amounted to $348 million and $644 million as of December 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The decrease in 2021 was due to cash used for acquisitions and share repurchases, partially offset by dividends received from regulated health plan subsidiaries. In the first quarter of 2021, we purchased an aggregate of approximately 577,000 shares for $122 million, and we also paid $6 million to settle shares purchased in late December 2020.

Investments

After considering expected cash flows from operating activities, we generally invest cash of regulated subsidiaries that exceeds our expected short-term obligations in longer term, investment-grade, and marketable debt securities to improve our overall investment return. These investments are made pursuant to board-approved investment policies which conform to applicable state laws and regulations.

Our investment policies are designed to provide liquidity, preserve capital, and maximize total return on invested assets, all in a manner consistent with state requirements that prescribe the types of instruments in which our subsidiaries may invest. These investment policies require that our investments have final maturities of less than 10 years, or less than 10 years average life for structured securities. Professional portfolio managers operating under documented guidelines manage our investments and a portion of our cash equivalents. Our portfolio managers must obtain our prior approval before selling investments where the loss position of those investments exceeds certain levels.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 40

We believe that the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic, as they relate to our investments, are minimal. The overall rating of our portfolio is AA. Our investment policy has directives in conjunction with state guidelines to minimize risks and exposures in volatile markets. Additionally, our portfolio managers assist us in navigating the current volatility in the capital markets.

Our restricted investments are invested principally in cash, cash equivalents, and U.S. Treasury securities; we have the ability to hold such restricted investments until maturity. All of our unrestricted investments are classified as current assets.

Cash Flow Activities

Our cash flows are summarized as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		Change
	(In millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	2,119	$	1,898	$	221
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,653)		(400)		(1,253)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(183)		217		(400)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents	$	283	$	1,715	$	(1,432)

Operating Activities

We typically receive capitation payments monthly, in advance of payments for medical claims; however, government payors may adjust their payment schedules, positively or negatively impacting our reported cash flows from operating activities in any given period. For example, government payors may delay our premium payments, or they may prepay the following month’s premium payment.

Net cash provided by operations was $2.1 billion in 2021, compared with $1.9 billion of net cash provided in 2020. The $221 million increase in cash flow was due to the growth in operations and the net impact of timing differences in government receivables and payables.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $1.7 billion in 2021, compared with $400 million of net cash used in 2020, a decrease in year-over-year cash flow of $1.3 billion. This change in cash flow was primarily due to increased purchases of investments in 2021, after a temporarily higher allocation in shorter-term invested assets during the COVID-19 pandemic was rescinded in the second quarter of 2021.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $183 million in 2021, compared with $217 million of net cash provided by 2020, a decrease in year-over-year cash flow of $400 million. In 2021, cash inflows included $740 million from the issuance of the 3.875% Notes due 2032, and cash outflows included $723 million in repayment of the 5.375% Notes due 2022, common stock purchases of $128 million and $53 million for common stock withheld to settle employee tax obligations. Additionally, we paid $23 million to settle contingent consideration liabilities relating to our Kentucky Passport acquisition that closed in 2020, $20 million of which has been presented as a financing cash outflow. In the year ended December 31, 2020, financing cash inflows included $1,429 million from the issuance of the 4.375% Notes due 2028 and 3.875% Notes due 2030 and $380 million borrowed under the term loan facility. Cash outflows included the $600 million repayment of the term loan facility, common stock purchases of $606 million, which included $7 million to settle shares purchased in late December 2019, and net cash paid for the senior notes-related transactions amounting to $380 million.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

We believe that our cash resources, borrowing capacity available under our Credit Agreement as discussed further below in “Future Sources and Uses of Liquidity—Future Sources,” and internally generated funds will be sufficient to support our operations, regulatory requirements, debt repayment obligations and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months.

On a consolidated basis, as of December 31, 2021, our working capital was $3.0 billion compared with $2.9 billion as of December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2021, our cash and investments amounted to $7.9 billion, compared with $6.2 billion of cash and investments at December 31, 2020.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 41

Because of the statutory restrictions that inhibit the ability of our health plan subsidiaries to transfer net assets to us, the amount of retained earnings readily available to pay dividends to our stockholders is generally limited to cash, cash equivalents and investments held by our unregulated parent. For more information, see the “Liquidity” discussion presented above.

Regulatory Capital and Dividend Restrictions

Each of our regulated, wholly owned subsidiaries must maintain a minimum amount of statutory capital determined by statute or regulations. Such statutes, regulations and capital requirements also restrict the timing, payment and amount of dividends and other distributions, loans or advances that may be paid to us as the sole stockholder. To the extent our subsidiaries must comply with these regulations, they may not have the financial flexibility to transfer funds to us. Based upon current statutes and regulations, the minimum capital and surplus requirement for these subsidiaries was estimated to be approximately $2.1 billion at December 31, 2021, compared with $1.5 billion at December 31, 2020. The aggregate capital and surplus of our wholly owned subsidiaries was in excess of these minimum capital requirements as of both dates.

Under applicable regulatory requirements, the amount of dividends that may be paid by our wholly owned subsidiaries without prior approval by regulatory authorities as of December 31, 2021, was approximately $197 million in the aggregate. The subsidiaries may pay dividends over this amount, but only after approval is granted by the regulatory authorities.

Based on our cash and investments balances as of December 31, 2021, management believes that our regulated wholly owned subsidiaries remain well capitalized and exceed their regulatory minimum requirements. We have the ability, and have committed to provide, additional capital to each of our health plans as necessary to ensure compliance with statutory capital and surplus requirements.

Capital Structure

In September 2021, our board of directors authorized the purchase of up to $500 million, in the aggregate, of our common stock. This new program immediately supersedes the stock purchase program previously approved by our board of directors in September 2020. This new program will be funded with cash on hand and extends through December 31, 2022.

As debt held by the parent company comes due, we typically engage in a new private offering of debt to retire and replace the prior issuance. Over the last several years we have seen a continued decline in interest rates, which has benefited our overall cost of capital during that time. There is no guarantee that the interest rate environment will continue to see declines in interest rates in the future, and future refinancing may occur at a higher rate than those we have achieved historically. This could increase our cost of capital in the future or cause us to pursue alternative financing sources, should the need arise.

We are not a party to any off-balance sheet financing arrangements.

Debt Ratings

Each of our senior notes is rated “BB-” by Standard & Poor’s, and “Ba3” by Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. A downgrade in our ratings could adversely affect our borrowing capacity and increase our borrowing costs.

Financial Covenants

The Credit Agreement contains customary non-financial and financial covenants, including a net leverage ratio and an interest coverage ratio. Such ratios are computed as defined by the terms of the Credit Agreement.

In addition, the indentures governing each of our outstanding senior notes contain cross-default provisions that are triggered upon default by us or any of our subsidiaries on any indebtedness in excess of the amount specified in the applicable indenture. As of December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants under the Credit Agreement and other long-term debt.

FUTURE SOURCES AND USES OF LIQUIDITY

Future Sources

Our regulated subsidiaries generate significant cash flows from premium revenue, which is generally received a short time before related healthcare services are paid. Premium revenue is our primary source of liquidity. Thus, any decline in the receipt of premium revenue, and our profitability, could have a negative impact on our liquidity.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 42

Potential Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic. Excluding acquisitions and our exit from Puerto Rico, we have added approximately 750,000 new Medicaid members since March 31, 2020, when we first began to report on the impacts of the pandemic. We believe this membership increase was mainly due to the suspension of redeterminations for Medicaid eligibility. We expect Medicaid enrollment to continue to benefit from the extension of the PHE period, and the associated pause on membership redeterminations, at least through mid-April 2022.

Dividends from Subsidiaries. When available and as permitted by applicable regulations, cash in excess of the capital needs of our regulated health plans is generally paid in the form of dividends to our unregulated parent company to be used for general corporate purposes. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, state regulators could restrict the ability of our regulated health plan subsidiaries to pay dividends to the parent company, which could reduce the liquidity of the parent company. For more information on our regulatory capital requirements and dividend restrictions, refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies—Regulatory Capital Requirements and Dividend Restrictions,” and Note 17, “Condensed Financial Information of Registrant—Note C - Dividends and Capital Contributions.”

Credit Agreement Borrowing Capacity. As of December 31, 2021, we had available borrowing capacity of $1 billion under the revolving credit facility of our Credit Agreement. In addition, the Credit Agreement provides for a $15 million swingline sub-facility and a $100 million letter of credit sub-facility, as well as incremental term loans available to finance certain acquisitions up to $500 million, plus an unlimited amount of such term loans as long as we maintain a minimum consolidated net leverage ratio. See further discussion in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 11, “Debt.”

Future Uses

Common Stock Purchases. In September 2021, our board of directors authorized the purchase of up to $500 million, in the aggregate, of our common stock. This new program immediately supersedes the stock purchase program previously approved by our board of directors in September 2020. This new program will be funded with cash on hand and extends through December 31, 2022. The exact timing and amount of any repurchase is determined by management based on market conditions and share price, in addition to other factors, and subject to the restrictions relating to volume, price, and timing under applicable law. As of February 14, 2022, $500 million remained available to purchase our common stock under this program through December 31, 2022. See further information in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 13, “Stockholders' Equity.”

Acquisitions. We have a disciplined and steady approach to growth. Organic growth, which includes leveraging our existing health plan portfolio and winning new territories, is our highest priority. In addition to organic growth, we will consider targeted acquisitions that are a strategic fit that we believe will leverage operational synergies, and lead to incremental earnings accretion. For further information on our acquisitions, refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 4, “Business Combinations.”

On October 7, 2021, we announced a definitive agreement to acquire the Medicaid Managed Long Term Care business of AgeWell New York. As of August 31, 2021, AgeWell served approximately 13,000 managed long-term services and supports members, with full-year 2020 premium revenue of approximately $700 million. The purchase price for the transaction is approximately $106 million, net of certain tax benefits and target allocation of required regulatory capital, which we intend to fund with cash on hand. The transaction is subject to applicable federal and state regulatory approvals and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions. We currently expect the transaction to close by the third quarter of 2022.

Potential Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic. As described in “Item 1. Business—COVID-19 Pandemic,” we have been subject to Medicaid risk corridors as a result of the pandemic. Beginning in 2020, through December 31, 2021, various states enacted temporary risk corridors in response to the reduced demand for medical services stemming from COVID-19, which have resulted in a reduction of our medical margin, primarily in the Medicaid segment. In some cases, these risk corridors were retroactive to earlier periods in 2020, or as early as the beginning of the states’ fiscal years in 2019. Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, we have recognized retroactive risk corridors that we believe to be probable, and where the ultimate premium amount is reasonably estimable. We recognized approximately $323 million, in the aggregate, related to such risk corridors, in 2021, and approximately $564 million, in the aggregate, was recognized in 2020.

It is possible that certain states could change the structure of existing risk corridors, implement new risk corridors in the future or discontinue existing risk corridors. Due to these uncertainties, the ultimate outcomes could differ materially from our estimates as a result of changes in facts or further developments, which could have an adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 43

Regulatory Capital Requirements and Dividend Restrictions. We have the ability, and have committed to provide, additional capital to each of our health plans as necessary to ensure compliance with minimum statutory capital requirements.

The Molina Healthcare Charitable Foundation. In August 2020, we announced our commitment of $150 million to fund The Molina Healthcare Charitable Foundation (the “Foundation”), an independent not-for-profit charitable foundation. We contributed $15 million to the Foundation in the fourth quarter of 2020.

Contractual Obligations. We are party to various contractual obligations that we will be required to satisfy over the short and long term. The majority are discussed in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and primarily include the following: medical claims and benefits payable, amounts due to government agencies, principal and interest on our debt and leases. Some items are based on management’s estimates and assumptions about obligations, including duration, the possibility of renewal, anticipated actions by third parties, and other factors. Because these estimates and assumptions are necessarily subjective, the contractual obligations we will actually pay in future periods may vary. Additionally, we have a variety of other contractual agreements related to acquiring services used in our operations. However, we believe these other agreements do not contain material non-cancelable commitments.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

When we prepare our consolidated financial statements, we use estimates and assumptions that may affect reported amounts and disclosures. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and some differences could be material. Our most significant accounting estimates, which include a higher degree of judgment and/or complexity, include the following:

•Medical claims and benefits payable. See discussion below, and refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Notes 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” and 10, “Medical Claims and Benefits Payable” for more information.

•Contractual provisions that may adjust or limit revenue or profit. For a discussion of this topic, including amounts recorded in our consolidated financial statements, refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies.”

•Quality incentives. For a discussion of this topic, refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies.”

•Business Combinations, and Goodwill and intangible assets, net. For a comprehensive discussion of this topic, including amounts recorded in our consolidated financial statements, refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” Note 4, “Business Combinations,” and Note 9, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net.”

MEDICAL CARE COSTS, MEDICAL CLAIMS AND BENEFITS PAYABLE

Medical care costs are recognized in the period in which services are provided and include fee-for-service claims, pharmacy benefits, capitation payments to providers, and various other medically-related costs. Under fee-for-service claims arrangements with providers, we retain the financial responsibility for medical care provided and incur costs based on actual utilization of hospital and physician services. Such medical care costs include amounts paid by us as well as estimated medical claims and benefits payable for costs that were incurred but not paid as of the reporting date (“IBNP”). Pharmacy benefits represent payments for members' prescription drug costs, net of rebates from drug manufacturers. We estimate pharmacy rebates based on historical and current utilization of prescription drugs and contractual provisions. Capitation payments represent monthly contractual fees paid to providers, who are responsible for providing medical care to members, which could include medical or ancillary costs like dental, vision and other supplemental health benefits. Such capitation costs are fixed in advance of the periods covered and are not subject to significant accounting estimates. Other medical care costs include all medically-related administrative costs, amounts due to providers pursuant to risk-sharing or other incentive arrangements, provider claims, and other healthcare expenses. Examples of medically-related administrative costs include expenses relating to health education, quality assurance, case management, care coordination, disease management, and 24-hour on-call nurses. Additionally, we include an estimate for the cost of settling claims incurred through the reporting date in our medical claims and benefits payable liability.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 44

The following table illustrates consolidated medical care costs by type for the periods indicated:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021						2020
	Amount		PMPM		% of Total		Amount		PMPM		% of Total
	(In millions, except PMPM amounts)
Fee-for-service	$	17,433	$	303.80	73.5	%	$	11,590	$	261.30	73.3	%
Pharmacy	3,831		66.77		16.2		2,012		45.37		12.7
Capitation	1,471		25.64		6.2		1,459		32.88		9.2
Other	969		16.88		4.1		759		17.10		4.8
Total	$	23,704	$	413.09	100.0	%	$	15,820	$	356.65	100.0	%

Medical claims and benefits payable consist mainly of fee-for-service IBNP, unpaid pharmacy claims, capitation costs, other medical costs, including amounts payable to providers pursuant to risk-sharing or other incentive arrangements and amounts payable to providers on behalf of certain state agencies for certain state assessments in which we assume no financial risk. IBNP includes the costs of claims incurred as of the balance sheet date which have been reported to us, and our best estimate of the cost of claims incurred but not yet reported to us. We also include an additional reserve to ensure that our overall IBNP liability is sufficient under moderately adverse conditions. We reflect changes in these estimates in the consolidated results of operations in the period in which they are determined.

The estimation of the IBNP liability requires a significant degree of judgment in applying actuarial methods, determining the appropriate assumptions and considering numerous factors. Of those factors, we consider estimated completion factors (measures the cumulative percentage of claims expense that will ultimately be paid for a given month of service based on historical payment patterns) and the assumed healthcare cost trend (the year-over-year change in per-member per-month medical care costs) to be the most critical assumptions. Other relevant factors also include, but are not limited to, healthcare service utilization trends, claim inventory levels, changes in membership, product mix, seasonality, benefit changes or changes in fee schedules, provider contract changes, prior authorizations and the incidence of catastrophic or pandemic cases.

For claims incurred more than three months before the financial statement date, we mainly use estimated completion factors to estimate the ultimate cost of those claims. Completion factors measure the cumulative percentage of claims expense that will ultimately be paid for a given month of service based on historical claims payment patterns. We analyze historical claims payment patterns by comparing claim incurred dates to claim payment dates to estimate completion factors. The estimated completion factors are then applied to claims paid through the financial statement date to estimate the ultimate claims cost for a given month’s incurred claim activity. The difference between the estimated ultimate claims cost and the claims paid through the financial statement date represents our estimate of claims remaining to be paid as of the financial statement date and is included in our IBNP liability.

For claims incurred within three months before the financial statement date, actual claims paid are a less reliable measure of our ultimate cost since a large portion of medical claims are not submitted to us until several months after services have been submitted. Accordingly, we estimate our IBNP liability for claims incurred during these months based on a blend of estimated completion factors and assumed medical care cost trend. The assumed medical care cost trend represents the year-over-year change in per-member per-month medical care costs, which can be affected by many factors including, but not limited to, our ability and practices to manage medical and pharmaceutical costs, changes in level and mix of services utilized, mix of benefits offered, including the impact of co-pays and deductibles, changes in medical practices, changes in member demographics, catastrophes and epidemics, and other relevant factors.

Actuarial standards of practice generally require a level of confidence such that our overall best estimate of the IBNP liability has a greater probability of being adequate versus being insufficient, where the liability is sufficient to account for moderately adverse conditions. Adverse conditions are situations that may cause actual claims to be higher than the otherwise estimated value of such claims at the time of the estimate, such as changes in the magnitude or severity of claims, uncertainties related to our entry into new geographical markets or provision of services to new populations, changes in state-controlled fee schedules, and modifications or upgrades to our claims processing systems and practices. Therefore, in many situations, the claim amounts ultimately settled will be less than the estimate that satisfies the actuarial standards of practice.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 45

When subsequent actual claims payments are less than we estimated, we recognize a benefit for favorable prior period development that is reported as part of “Components of medical care costs related to: “Prior years” in the table presented in Note 10, “Medical Claims and Benefits Payable.” Our reserving practice is to consistently recognize the actuarial best estimate including a provision for moderately adverse conditions for each current period. This provision is reported as part of “Components of medical care costs related to: Current year” in the table presented in Note 10. Assuming stability in the size of our membership, the use of this consistent methodology, during any given period, usually results in the replenishment of reserves at a level that generally offsets the benefit of favorable prior period development in that period. In the case of material growth or decline of membership, replenishment can exceed or fall short of the favorable development, assuming all other factors remain unchanged.

Because of the significant degree of judgment involved in estimation of our IBNP liability, there is considerable variability and uncertainty inherent in such estimates. The following table reflects the hypothetical change in our estimate of claims liability as of December 31, 2021 that would result if we change our completion factors for the fourth through the twelfth months preceding December 31, 2021, by the percentages indicated. A reduction in the completion factor results in an increase in medical claims liabilities. Dollar amounts are in millions.

Increase (Decrease) in Estimated Completion Factors	Increase  (Decrease)  in Medical Claims and Benefits Payable
(6)%	$	811
(4)%	541
(2)%	270
2%	(270)
4%	(541)
6%	(811)

The following table reflects the hypothetical change in our estimate of claims liability as of December 31, 2021 that would result if we alter our assumed medical care cost trend factors by the percentages indicated. An increase in the PMPM costs results in an increase in medical claims liabilities. Dollar amounts are in millions.

(Decrease) Increase in Trended Per Member Per Month Cost Estimates	(Decrease)  Increase  in Medical Claims and Benefits Payable
(6)%	$	(285)
(4)%	(190)
(2)%	(95)
2%	95
4%	190
6%	285

There are many related factors working in conjunction with one another that determine the accuracy of our estimates, some of which are qualitative in nature rather than quantitative. Therefore, we are seldom able to quantify the impact that any single factor has on a change in estimate. Given the variability inherent in the reserving process, we will only be able to identify specific factors if they represent a significant departure from expectations. As a result, we do not expect to be able to fully quantify the impact of individual factors on changes in estimates.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements that affect us.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 46

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our earnings and financial position are exposed to financial market risk relating to changes in interest rates, and the resulting impact on investment income and interest expense.

Substantially all of our investments and restricted investments are subject to interest rate risk and will decrease in value if market interest rates increase. Assuming a hypothetical and immediate 1% increase in market interest rates at December 31, 2021, the fair value of our fixed income investments would decrease by approximately $69 million. Declines in interest rates over time will reduce our investment income.

For further information on fair value measurements and our investment portfolio, please refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 5, “Fair Value Measurements,” and Note 6, “Investments.”

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest based, at our election, on a base rate or other defined rate, plus, in each case, the applicable margin. For further information, see Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 11, “Debt.”

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 47

MOLINA HEALTHCARE, INC.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

	Page
Consolidated Statements of Income	49
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	49
Consolidated Balance Sheets	50
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	51
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	52
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	54

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 48

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
	(In millions, except per-share data)
Revenue:
Premium revenue	$	26,855	$	18,299	$	16,208
Premium tax revenue	787		649		489
Health insurer fees reimbursed	—		271		—
Marketplace risk corridor judgment	—		128		—
Investment income	52		59		115
Other revenue	77		17		17
Total revenue	27,771		19,423		16,829
Operating expenses:
Medical care costs	23,704		15,820		13,905
General and administrative expenses	2,068		1,480		1,296
Premium tax expenses	787		649		489
Health insurer fees	—		277		—
Depreciation and amortization	131		88		89
Other	61		31		6
Total operating expenses	26,751		18,345		15,785
Operating income	1,020		1,078		1,044
Other expenses, net:
Interest expense	120		102		87
Other expenses (income), net	25		15		(15)
Total other expenses, net	145		117		72
Income before income tax expense	875		961		972
Income tax expense	216		288		235
Net income	$	659	$	673	$	737
Net income per share:
Basic	$	11.40	$	11.40	$	11.85
Diluted	$	11.25	$	11.23	$	11.47
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic	57.8		59.0		62.2
Diluted	58.6		59.9		64.2

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
	(In millions)
Net income	$	659	$	673	$	737
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Unrealized investment (loss) income	(55)		44		16
Less: effect of income taxes	(13)		11		4
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(42)		33		12
Comprehensive income	$	617	$	706	$	749

See accompanying notes.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 49

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	December 31,
	2021		2020
	(Dollars in millions, except per-share amounts)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,438	$	4,154
Investments	3,202		1,875
Receivables	2,177		1,672
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	247		175
Total current assets	10,064		7,876
Property, equipment, and capitalized software, net	396		391
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	1,252		941
Restricted investments	212		136
Deferred income taxes	106		69
Other assets	179		119
Total assets	$	12,209	$	9,532
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Medical claims and benefits payable	$	3,363	$	2,696
Amounts due government agencies	2,472		1,253
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other	842		641
Deferred revenue	370		375
Total current liabilities	7,047		4,965
Long-term debt	2,173		2,127
Finance lease liabilities	219		225
Other long-term liabilities	140		119
Total liabilities	9,579		7,436
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 150 million shares authorized; outstanding: 58 million shares at December 31, 2021, and 59 million at December 31, 2020	—		—
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 20 million shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	236		199
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(5)		37
Retained earnings	2,399		1,860
Total stockholders’ equity	2,630		2,096
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	12,209	$	9,532

See accompanying notes.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 50

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Retained Earnings		Total
	Outstanding	Amount
	(In millions)
Balance at December 31, 2018	62	$	—	$	643	$	(8)	$	1,012	$	1,647
Net income	—	—		—		—		737		737
Common stock purchases	—	—		(1)		—		(53)		(54)
Adoption of new accounting standards	—	—		—		—		85		85
Partial termination of warrants	—	—		(514)		—		—		(514)
Other comprehensive income, net	—	—		—		12		—		12
Share-based compensation	—	—		47		—		—		47
Balance at December 31, 2019	62	—		175		4		1,781		1,960
Net income	—	—		—		—		673		673
Common stock purchases	(4)	—		(11)		—		(594)		(605)
Termination of warrants	—	—		(30)		—		—		(30)
Other comprehensive income, net	—	—		—		33		—		33
Share-based compensation	1	—		65		—		—		65
Balance at December 31, 2020	59	—		199		37		1,860		2,096
Net income	—	—		—		—		659		659
Common stock purchases	(1)	—		(2)		—		(120)		(122)
Other comprehensive loss, net	—	—		—		(42)		—		(42)
Share-based compensation	—	—		39		—		—		39
Balance at December 31, 2021	58	$	—	$	236	$	(5)	$	2,399	$	2,630

See accompanying notes.

Molina Healthcare, Inc. 2021 Form 10-K | 51

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
	(In millions)
Operating activities:
Net income	$	659	$	673	$	737
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	131		88		89
Deferred income taxes	(24)		(19)		10
Share-based compensation	72		57		39
Loss (gain) on debt repayment	25		15		(15)
Other, net	33		12		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effect of acquisitions:
Receivables	(415)		(100)		(76)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(19)		(16)		28
Medical claims and benefits payable	471		544		(107)
Amounts due government agencies	1,046		446		(303)
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other	138		86		9
Deferred revenue	(5)		126		38
Income taxes	7		(14)		(15)
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,119		1,898		434
Investing activities:
Purchases of investments	(2,713)		(670)		(2,536)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments