Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying financial statements of the Company were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

Effective January 21, 2021, the Company enacted a 1-for-3 reverse stock split (the “Split”) of the Company’s common stock. These consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes give effect to the reverse stock split as if it occurred at the beginning of the first period presented. 

Effective February 10, 2023, the Company enacted a 1-for-100 reverse stock split (the “2023 Split”) of the Company’s common stock. These consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes give effect to the reverse stock split as if it occurred at the beginning of the first period presented. 

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period financial statement presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported results of operations or loss per share.

Principle of Consolidation

Principle of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries listed below. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated.

● AZCOMS, LLC, an Arizona limited liability company.

● COMS Global Telecommunications, LLC, a Texas limited liability company.

● COMS Government Systems, LLC, a Texas limited liability company.

● COMS Science and Technology, LLC, a Texas limited liability company.

● COMS Site Solutions, LLC, a Texas limited liability company.

● Dragonwave Corp., a Delaware corporation.

● Dragonwave-X, LLC, an Arizona limited liability company.

● InduraPower, Inc., a Delaware corporation. (Idled on or about May 2022).

● Innovation Digital, LLC, a California limited liability company.

● Lextrum, Inc., a California corporation.

● Lighter Than Air Systems Corp., (d/b/a Drone Aviation Corp) a Florida corporation.

● RF Engineering & Energy Resource, LLC, a Michigan limited liability company. (Idled on or about January 2023).

● RVision, Inc., a Nevada corporation. (Sold on December 29, 2022).

● SAGUNA Networks Ltd., an Israeli company. (Idled on or about June 2022).

● Silver Bullet Technology, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

● Sky Sapience Ltd., an Israeli company. (Sold on March 20, 2023).

● Sky Sovereign, Inc., a Nevada.

● Skyline Partners Technology, LLC, (d/b/a Fastback) a Colorado limited liability company.

● VEO Photonics, Inc., a California corporation. (Idled on or about June 2022).

● Virtual NetCom, LLC, a Virginia limited liability company.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s significant estimates consist of the valuation of stock-based compensation; the valuation of the assets and liabilities acquired; the valuation of the Company’s equity securities issued in transactions; the valuation of inventory; the allowance for credit losses; the valuation of equity securities; the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets; and impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill.

Acquisitions

Acquisitions

The Company accounts for business combinations under the acquisition method of accounting, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, Business Combinations, which requires assets acquired and liabilities assumed to be recognized at their fair values on the acquisition date. Any excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair value of the assets acquired less liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were determined with the assistance of a third-party valuation firm and involves management making significant estimates and assumptions.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are represented by operating accounts or money market accounts maintained with insured financial institutions, including all short-term, highly-liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Accounts Receivable and Credit Policies

Accounts Receivable and Credit Policies

Trade accounts receivable consist of amounts due from the sale of the Company’s products and services. Such accounts receivable are uncollateralized customer obligations due under normal trade terms requiring payment within 30 to 45 days of receipt of the invoice. The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts based on historical collection experience and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded a reserve in the amount of $1.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively, for estimated uncollectible accounts.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and trade accounts receivables. The Company places its cash with high-credit-quality financial institutions. At times, such cash may be in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance coverage limit of $250,000 per depositor. As a result, there could be a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. The Company has not experienced any losses due to these excess deposits and believes the risk is not significant. With respect to net trade receivables, management routinely assesses the financial strength of its customers and, as a consequence, believes that the receivable credit risk exposure is limited.

Related Parties

Related Parties

The Company accounts for and discloses related party transactions in accordance with FASB ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures. A party is considered to be related to the Company if the party directly or indirectly or through one or more intermediaries’ controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. A party which can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or if it has an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests is also a related party.

Inventory

Inventory

Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value (“NRV”). The cost of inventory is calculated on a standard cost basis, which approximates weighted average actual cost. NRV is determined as the market value for finished goods, replacement cost for raw materials and finished goods market value less cost to complete for work in progress inventory. The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on hand and records an impairment for excess and obsolete inventory, when necessary, based on factors including its estimated forecast of product demand, the stage of the product life cycle and production requirements for the units in question. Indirect manufacturing costs and direct labor expenses are allocated systematically to the total production inventory.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost when acquired. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets as follows:

Asset Type	Useful Life
Shop machinery and equipment	3–5 years
Computers and electronics	2 years
Office furniture and fixtures	3–5 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of remaining lease term or 5 years

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, whereas expenditures for major renewals and betterments that extend the useful lives of property and equipment are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gains or loss is included in the results of operations for the respective period.

Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill

Long-Lived Assets and Goodwill

The Company accounts for long-lived assets in accordance with the provisions of ASC 360-10-35, Property, Plant and Equipment, Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets. This accounting standard requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.

The Company accounts for goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an entity over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. ASC 350 requires that goodwill and other intangibles with indefinite lives be tested for impairment annually or on an interim basis if events or circumstances indicate that the fair value of an asset has decreased below its carrying value. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company determined that it was more likely than not that certain reporting unit’s fair value was below their reporting unit’s carrying amount due to a decline in the Company’s market capitalization and lack of performance of the business units. Accordingly, it was necessary to perform impairment testing. See Note 12 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for further discussion related to triggering events.

In determining whether a quantitative assessment is required, the Company will evaluate relevant events or circumstances to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after performing the qualitative assessment, an entity concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the entity would perform the quantitative impairment test described in ASC 350. However, if, after applying the qualitative assessment, the entity concludes that it is not more than likely that the fair value is less than the carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test is not required. The Company bases these assumptions on its historical data and experience, industry projections, micro and macro general economic condition projections, and its expectations.

The Company calculates the estimated fair value of a reporting unit using a weighting of the income and market approaches and compares it to the carrying values. For the income approach, the Company uses internally developed discounted cash flow models that include the following assumptions, among others: projections of revenues, expenses, and related cash flows based on assumed long-term growth rates and demand trends; expected future investments to grow new units; and estimated discount rates. For the market approach, the Company uses internal analyses based primarily on market comparables. The Company bases these assumptions on its historical data and experience, third party appraisals, industry projections, micro and macro general economic condition projections, and its expectations. There are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and management’s judgment in applying them to the analysis of goodwill impairment. See Note 12 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets for further discussion related to impairment.

Beneficial Conversion Features and Warrants

Beneficial Conversion Features and Warrants

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company evaluated the conversion feature of convertible debt instruments to determine whether the conversion feature was beneficial as described in ASC 470-30, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. The Company recorded a beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) related to the issuance of convertible debt that had conversion features at fixed or adjustable rates that are in-the-money when issued and recorded the relative fair value of any warrants issued with those instruments. The BCF for the convertible instruments was recognized and measured by allocating a portion of the proceeds to the warrants and as a reduction to the carrying amount of the convertible instrument equal to the intrinsic value of the conversion features, both of which were credited to additional paid-in capital. The Company calculated the fair value of warrants issued with the convertible instruments using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model involves the use of significant estimates, including the risk-free interest rate, expected stock price volatility, expected dividend yield, and contractual life of the award.

Under these guidelines, the Company first allocates the value of the proceeds received from a convertible debt transaction between the convertible debt instrument and any other detachable instruments included in the transaction (such as warrants) on a relative fair value basis. A BCF is then measured as the intrinsic value of the conversion option at the commitment date, representing the difference between the effective conversion price and the Company’s stock price on the commitment date multiplied by the number of shares into which the debt instrument is convertible. The allocated value of the BCF and warrants are recorded as a debt discount and accreted over the expected term of the convertible debt as interest expense. If the intrinsic value of the BCF is greater than the proceeds allocated to the convertible debt instrument, the amount of the discount assigned to the BCF is limited to the amount of the proceeds allocated to the convertible debt instrument. During the year ended December 31, 2021, there was no material impact resulting from conversion features.

Beginning on January 1, 2022, with the adoption of ASU 2020-06, it was no longer necessary to evaluate whether a conversion feature was beneficial.

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued Operations

On June 21, 2022, the Company completed the sale of its Sovereign Plastics business unit to TheLandersCompanies LLC for total consideration of $2.0 million in a secured note with interest of 5% and a maturity date of May 31, 2025. The assets and liabilities of Sovereign Plastics are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as “Assets of discontinued operations” and “Liabilities of discontinued operations”, respectively. The results of operations of Sovereign Plastics are included in “Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For comparative purposes, all prior periods presented have been reclassified to reflect the classifications on a consistent basis (see Note 3 – Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale for additional information). 

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

On March 20, 2023, the Company completed the sale of its Sky Sapience business unit to Titan Innovations Ltd. for total consideration of $1.8 million. Assets and liabilities of Sky Sapience are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as “Assets held for sale” and “Liabilities held for sale”, respectively, as of December 31, 2022 (see Note 3 – Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale and Note 22 – Subsequent Events – Business Developments for additional information).

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

On March 20, 2023, the Company completed the sale of its Sky Sapience business unit to Titan Innovations Ltd. for total consideration of $1.8 million. Assets and liabilities of Sky Sapience are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as “Assets held for sale” and “Liabilities held for sale”, respectively, as of December 31, 2022 (see Note 3 – Discontinued Operations and Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale and Note 22 – Subsequent Events – Business Developments for additional information).

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). ASC 820 established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurement) as follows:

Level 1 – Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and market corroborated inputs.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability being measured. These inputs may be used with standard pricing models or other valuation or internally-developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value.

The Company utilizes fair value measurements primarily in conjunction with the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. In addition, certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities are to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with applicable U.S. GAAP. In general, nonfinancial assets including goodwill, other intangible assets and property and equipment are measured at fair value when there is an indication of impairment and are recorded at fair value only when an impairment is recognized.

As allowed by applicable FASB guidance, the Company has elected not to apply the fair value option for financial assets and liabilities to any of its currently eligible financial assets or liabilities. The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and notes payable. The Company has determined that the book value of its outstanding financial instruments as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 approximated their fair value due to their short-term nature. 

Debt Discounts

Debt Discounts

The Company records debt discounts as a deduction from the carrying amount of the related indebtedness on its Consolidated Balance Sheet with the respective debt discount amortized in interest expense on its Consolidated Statement of Operations. In connection with the issuance of certain notes payable and senior convertible debentures, the Company, or its subsidiaries, issued warrants to purchase shares of its common stock and had BCFs prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, which was adopted on January 1, 2022. See Note 14 – Debt. The warrants are exercisable at various exercise prices per share. The Company evaluated the terms of these warrants at issuance and concluded that they should be treated as equity. The fair value of the warrants was determined by using the Black-Scholes model and was recorded as a debt discount offsetting the carrying value of the debt obligation in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Debt issuance costs

Debt Issuance Costs

The Company presents debt issuance costs as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related indebtedness on its Consolidated Balance Sheet and amortizes these costs over the term of the related debt liability using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. Amortization is recorded in interest expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s operations and balances denominated in foreign currencies, including those of its foreign Canadian subsidiary, DragonWave, and its Israeli subsidiaries, SKS and SAGUNA, that are primarily a direct and integral component or extension of the Company’s operations, are translated into U.S. dollars (“USD”) using the following: monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the period end exchange rate; non-monetary assets are translated at the historical exchange rate; and revenue and expense items are translated at the average exchange rate and records the translation adjustments in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Foreign currency transaction gains are included in foreign currency transaction gain in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”) and has since issued various amendments which provide additional clarification and implementation guidance on Topic 606. This guidance establishes principles for recognizing revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the expected consideration received in exchange for those goods or services. The Company accounts for revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Topic 606. This guidance sets forth a five-step revenue recognition model which replaced the prior revenue recognition guidance in its entirety and is intended to eliminate numerous industry-specific pieces of revenue recognition guidance and to require more detailed disclosures. The five steps of the revenue recognition model are: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in the contract with customers and identifies a performance obligation for each. To determine the performance obligation, the Company considers all products and services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or implied by customary business practices. The timing of satisfaction of the performance obligation is not subject to significant judgment. The Company measures revenue as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring goods and services. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers that are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Management has determined that it has performance obligations related to its products and services: telecom hardware, repairs, support and maintenance, drones, consulting, warranties and other. Revenue from telecom hardware, repairs, support and maintenance, drones, and other are all recognized at a point in time when control of the goods is transferred to the customer, generally occurring upon shipment or delivery dependent upon the terms of the underlying contract, or services is completed. Revenue from warranties is recognized over time using an input method that results in a straight-line basis recognition over the warranty period, as the contract usually provides the customer equal benefit throughout the warranty period. Revenue from consulting services is recognized over time using an input method of labor hours expensed, as it directly measures the efforts toward satisfying the performance obligation.

For contracts with customers that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company accounts for the promised performance obligations separately as individual performance obligations if they are distinct. In determining whether performance obligations meet the criteria for being distinct, the Company considers several factors, including the degree of interrelation and interdependence between obligations and whether or not the good or service significantly modifies or transforms another good or service in the contract. After identifying the separate performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. The Company generally determines the standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers. Judgment may be used to determine the standalone selling prices for items that are not sold separately, including taking into consideration either historical pricing practices or an adjusted market assessment. Unsatisfied and partially unsatisfied performance obligations as of the end of the reporting period primarily consist of products and services for which customer purchase orders have been accepted and that are in the process of being delivered.

Transaction price is calculated as the selling price less any variable consideration, consisting of rebates and discounts. Discounts provided to customers are known at contract inception. Rebates are calculated on the “expected value” method where the Company (1) estimates the probability of each rebate amount which could be earned by the distributor, (2) multiplies each estimated amount by its assigned probability factor, and (3) calculates a final sum of each of the probability-weighted amounts calculated in step (2). The sum calculated in step (3) is the rebate amount, which along with discounts reduces the amount of revenue recognized.

The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer has obtained control of a good as a fulfillment cost rather than as an additional promised service. As a result, the Company accrues the costs of shipping and handling when the related revenue is recognized. Costs incurred for shipping and handling are included in costs of goods sold on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Amounts billed to a customer for shipping and handling are reported as revenue on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The Company records contract assets when it has a right to consideration and records accounts receivable when it has an unconditional right to consideration. The Company records contract liabilities when cash payments are received (or unconditional rights to receive cash) in advance of fulfilling its performance obligations. When the services have been performed or the goods delivered, revenue will be recognized, and contract liabilities will be reduced.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less. The majority of the Company’s performance obligations in its contracts with customers relate to contracts with durations of less than one year. The transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations included in contracts with durations of more than 12 months is reflected in contract liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had $3.4 million and $3.4 million of deferred revenue, respectively, from contracts with customers. The contract liabilities represent payments received from customers for which the Company had not yet satisfied its performance obligation under the contract.

Applying a practical expedient, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts, which primarily consist of sales commissions, as expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. If the service period, inclusive of any anticipated renewal, is longer than a year, the incremental direct costs are capitalized and amortized over the period of benefit. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were no such capitalized costs.

The Company also applies the practical expedient not to adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a financing component if the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between when the Company transfers a good or service to the customer and when the customer pays for the good or service will be one year or less. During fiscal 2022 and 2021, there were no such financing components.

Research and Development

Research and Development

Research costs are expensed as incurred. Development costs are expensed as incurred unless they meet generally accepted accounting criteria for deferral and amortization. Development costs incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility do not meet these criteria and are expensed as incurred.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based compensation costs in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation. ASC 718 requires companies to measure the cost of awards of equity instruments, including stock options and restricted stock awards, based on the grant-date fair value of the award and to recognize it as compensation expense over the employee’s requisite service period or the non-employee’s vesting period. An employee’s requisite service period is the period of time over which an employee must provide service in exchange for an award under a share-based payment arrangement and generally is presumed to be the vesting period.

Beginning in 2020, for employee awards, the Company elected to utilize the simplified method of estimating the expected life of options as allowed by U.S. Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 107. The Company believes this to be a better estimate of the expected life given the lack of historical information. For nonemployee awards, the Company will utilize the stated term of the award. Forfeitures will be accounted for as they occur for both employee and nonemployee awards. Upon exercise or conversion of any share-based payment transaction, the Company will issue shares, generally as new issuances.

Share-based compensation for employees and non-employees is recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a component of general and administrative expense with a corresponding increase to additional paid-in capital in stockholders’ (deficiency) equity.

Leases

Leases  

The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases and a series of related Accounting Standards Updates that followed (collectively referred to as “Topic 842”). Topic 842 requires organizations to recognize right-of-use (“ROU”) lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and to disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Operating leases are substantially similar to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases in the previous lease guidance. The FASB retained the distinction between finance leases and operating leases, leaving the effect of leases in the statement of comprehensive income and the statement of cash flows largely unchanged from previous U.S. GAAP. The Company utilized the transition method allowed under ASU 2018-11 in which an entity initially applies the new lease standard at the adoption date and recognizes a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit in the period of adoption, if any.

The Company determines, at contract inception, whether or not an arrangement contains a lease and evaluates the contract for classification as an operating or finance lease. For all leases, ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments, including annual rent increases, over the lease term at commencement date. If the Company’s lease does not provide an implicit rate in the contract, the Company uses its incremental, secured borrowing rate based on lease term information available as of the adoption date or lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Any renewal periods are considered in the analysis of each lease to the extent that the Company considers them to be reasonably certain of being exercised.

Costs associated with operating leases are recorded as a single lease cost on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease. The single lease cost includes the cost of amortizing the operating lease ROU asset and accretion expense related to the operating lease liability and is included in general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Costs associated with finance leases are recorded by amortizing the finance lease ROU asset, which is recorded as amortization on the Consolidated Statement of Operations, and the accretion of the finance lease liability, recognized as interest expense on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Loss on extinguishment of debt

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

The Company recorded loss on extinguishment of debt for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 of $7.3 million and $4.4 million, respectively. Gain or loss on extinguishment of debt consists of the difference between the fair value of the reacquisition consideration and the carrying amount of debt on the date it was paid off.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes utilizing ASC 740, Income Taxes. ASC 740 requires the measurement of deferred tax assets for deductible temporary differences and operating loss carry forwards and of deferred tax liabilities for taxable temporary differences. Measurement of current and deferred tax liabilities and assets is based on provisions of enacted tax law. The effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not included in the measurement. The Company recognizes the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and recognizes deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events and transactions that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company has recorded a 100% valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty of their ultimate realization. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company also follows the guidance for accounting for income tax uncertainties. In accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, the Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. No liability for unrecognized tax benefits was recorded as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. If the Company has to recognize any interest or penalties associated with its tax positions or returns, any interest or penalties will be recorded as income tax expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The Company has adopted ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740). This guidance simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles and also simplifies areas such as franchise taxes, step-up in tax basis goodwill, separate entity financial statements and interim recognition of enactment of tax laws and rate changes. ASU 2019-12 was effective for the Company in the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021.

Reportable Segments and Reporting Units

Reportable Segments and Reporting Units

The Company currently operates as one Segment. A reporting unit (“RU”) is a component of an operating segment that is a business activity for which discrete financial information is available and segment management regularly reviews the operating results of that component. The Company’s legal operating subsidiaries are not organized to qualify as a segment, however, through December 31, 2022, each operating entity has separate financial information and an operating manager, who oversees the business and financial activities, reporting to the Chief Operating Decision Maker. (“CODM”). Therefore, each legal entity is deemed to be a separate reporting unit.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 replaced the incurred loss impairment methodology under current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 requires use of a forward-looking expected credit loss model for accounts receivables, loans, and other financial instruments. ASU 2016-13 was originally effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. In October 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Effective Dates”, to finalize the effective date delays for private companies, not-for-profits, and smaller reporting companies applying the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) standards. The ASU is now effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this ASU on January 1, 2023 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, “Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity” which simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by eliminating certain accounting models when the conversion features are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in-capital. Under this ASU, certain debt instruments with embedded conversion features will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost. Additionally, this ASU eliminates the treasury stock method to calculate diluted earnings per share for convertible instruments. The new guidance is effective for smaller reporting companies during annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2022 which eliminates the need on a go forward basis to assess whether a beneficial conversion feature needs to be recognized upon either (a) the issuance of new convertible securities; or (b) the resolution of any prior period contingent beneficial conversion features. The early adoption did not have an immediate material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt—Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options. This new standard provides clarification and reduces diversity in an issuer’s accounting for modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options (such as warrants) that remain equity classified after modification or exchange. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Companies should apply the new standard prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring after the effective date of the new standard. This standard was adopted on January 1, 2022 and