0001171843-22-000315.txt : 20220118 0001171843-22-000315.hdr.sgml : 20220118 20220118172020 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001171843-22-000315 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 424B5 PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 2 FILED AS OF DATE: 20220118 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20220118 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: Tanzanian Gold Corp CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001173643 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: GOLD & SILVER ORES [1040] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: A0 FISCAL YEAR END: 0831 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B5 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-255526 FILM NUMBER: 22536005 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: BAY ADELAIDE CENTRE, EAST TOWER STREET 2: 22 ADELAIDE STREET WEST, SUITE 3400 CITY: TORONTO STATE: A6 ZIP: M5H 4E3 BUSINESS PHONE: 604-696-4236 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: BAY ADELAIDE CENTRE, EAST TOWER STREET 2: 22 ADELAIDE STREET WEST, SUITE 3400 CITY: TORONTO STATE: A6 ZIP: M5H 4E3 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: TANZANIAN ROYALTY EXPLORATION CORP DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20060309 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: TAN RANGE EXPLORATION CORP DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20020516 424B5 1 f424b5_011822.htm 424B5
Prospectus Supplement  Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
(To Prospectus Dated May 14, 2021)  File No. 333-255526

 

 

 

Up to $10,000,000

Common Shares and 909,901 Common Shares

 

 

This prospectus supplement relates to the issuance and sale of up to $10,000,000 of our common shares, or the Purchase Shares, that we may sell to Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, or Lincoln Park, from time to time pursuant to the Purchase Agreement dated January 13, 2022 with Lincoln Park, or the Purchase Agreement, and an additional 909,901 common shares being issued to Lincoln Park as commitment shares under the Purchase Agreement. See “Lincoln Park Transaction” for a description of the Purchase Agreement and additional information regarding Lincoln Park.

 

Lincoln Park is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. Unless otherwise indicated, reference to dollars in this prospectus supplement shall mean United States dollars.

 

The purchase price for the Purchase Shares will be based upon formulas set forth in the Purchase Agreement depending on the type of purchase notice we submit to Lincoln Park from time to time. We will pay the expenses incurred in registering the common shares, including legal and accounting fees. See “Plan of Distribution.”

 

Our common shares are listed on NYSE American under the symbol “TRX.” On January 14, 2022, the last reported sale price for a common share on NYSE American was $0.40.

 

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment decision, please read “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-5 of this prospectus supplement and any other risk factor included in our base prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and base prospectus.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The date of this prospectus supplement is January 18, 2022.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT  Page
    
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS   S-1
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT   S-1
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY   S-3
THE OFFERING   S-4
RISK FACTORS   S-5
CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS   S-7
USE OF PROCEEDS   S-7
DILUTION   S-8
LINCOLN PARK TRANSACTION   S-8
MARKET FOR OUR COMMON SHARES   S-13
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES   S-13
CERTAIN UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS   S-13
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION   S-20
EXPENSES   S-21
MATERIAL CHANGES   S-21
LEGAL MATTERS   S-21
EXPERTS   S-21
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE   S-21
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION   S-22

 

PROSPECTUS    
     
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS   1
CAUTIONARY NOTE TO UNITED STATES INVESTORS CONCERNING TERMINOLOGY OF MINERAL RESOURCES   1
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS   2
ABOUT TANZANIAN GOLD CORPORATION   3
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION   3
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE   4
RISK FACTORS   6
CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS   6
MARKET FOR OUR COMMON SHARES   7
OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE   7
USE OF PROCEEDS   8
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION   8
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER   10
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES   10
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES   19
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS   19
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS   21
COMPARISON OF ALBERTA AND DELAWARE CORPORATE LAW COMPARISON OF SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS   22
CERTAIN UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS   31
EXPENSE OF THE ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION   32
MATERIAL CHANGES   32
LISTING   32
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR   32
LEGAL MATTERS   32
EXPERTS   32
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES   32

 

 S-i 

 

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus supplement and the documents we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements reflect our current view about future plans, intentions or expectations. These forward-looking statements may be included herein or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and include, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and prospects and may be identified by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “scheduled,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “aim,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of those terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations are reasonable, we may not achieve our plans, intentions or expectations.

 

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements we make in this prospectus supplement are set forth in this prospectus supplement under the caption “Risk Factors” and in the reports we have filed or will file with the SEC and which are incorporated by reference herein, including statements under the caption “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements” in such reports. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this prospectus supplement under the caption “Risk Factors” and in the reports we have filed or will file with the SEC and which are incorporated by reference herein, including statements under the caption “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements” in such reports, in which we have disclosed the material risks related to our business. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, and the cautionary statements identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those predicted in any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus supplement to conform those statements to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by applicable law. You should read this prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference completely and with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

 

This prospectus supplement is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under the shelf registration statement process, we may from time to time offer our debt securities, common shares, and various series of warrants to purchase common shares, either individually or in units, in one or more offerings, in amounts we will determine from time to time, up to a total dollar amount of $100,000,000.

 

We provide information to you about this offering of our common shares in two separate documents that are bound together: (1) this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific details regarding this offering of common shares relating to the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park; and (2) the accompanying base prospectus dated May 14, 2021, included in our registration statement on Form F-3 (SEC File No. 333-255526), which provides general information regarding our debt securities, common shares, and various series of warrants to purchase common shares, either individually or in units and other information some of which may not apply to this offering. Generally, when we refer to this “prospectus,” we are referring to both documents combined. If information in this prospectus supplement is inconsistent with the accompanying base prospectus, you should rely on this prospectus supplement. However, if any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date-for example, a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement as our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since the earlier dates.

 

You should read this prospectus supplement, together with the accompanying base prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the base prospectus and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering before making an investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents referred to in the sections of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus entitled “Where You Can Find Additional Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference.” When we refer to this “prospectus,” we are referring to both this prospectus supplement and the base prospectus combined.

 

 S-1 

 

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it.

 

We are not making an offer to sell the securities covered by this prospectus supplement in any jurisdiction in which an offer or solicitation is not permitted or in which the person making the offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make an offer or solicitation.

 

The information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, and in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering is accurate only as of its respective date, regardless of the time of delivery of the respective document or of any sale of securities covered by this prospectus supplement. You should not assume that the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering, is accurate as of any date other than the respective dates thereof.

 

Purchasers of our common shares are advised that none of the common shares will be qualified for distribution in any jurisdiction of Canada and may not be traded through the facilities of the Toronto Stock Exchange or any other Canadian stock exchange, or otherwise in a jurisdiction of Canada.

 

In this prospectus supplement, “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” and “TanGold” refers to Tanzanian Gold Corporation and its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 S-2 

 

 

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY

 

This summary highlights certain information about us, this offering and information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus supplement and in the documents we incorporate by reference in this prospectus supplement. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our securities. After you read this summary, to fully understand our company and this offering and its consequences to you, you should read this entire prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus carefully, including the information referred to under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus supplement beginning on page S-5, and any related free writing prospectus as well as the other documents that we incorporate by reference into this prospectus supplement including our financial statements and the exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement is a part.

 

Our Company

 

Tanzanian Gold Corporation was originally incorporated under the name “424547 Alberta Ltd.” in the Province of Alberta on July 5, 1990, under the Business Corporations Act (Alberta). The name was changed to “Tan Range Exploration Corporation” on August 13, 1991. The name of the Company was again changed to “Tanzanian Royalty Exploration Corporation” on February 28, 2006. Subsequently, at the 2019 Annual Meeting, the shareholders approved a change of name to Tanzanian Gold Corporation. The Company is also registered in the Province of British Columbia as an extra-provincial company under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) and in the Province of Ontario as an extra-provincial company under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario).

 

The principal executive office of the Company is located at Tanzanian Gold Corporation, 150 King Street West, Suite 200, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5H 1J9 and its telephone number is (844) 364-1830. We maintain a website at http://www.tangoldcorp.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus.

 

Business Overview

 

TanGold along with its joint venture partner, STAMICO is advancing a significant gold project at Buckreef in Tanzania. Buckreef is anchored by an expanded Mineral Resource published in May 2020. Measured Mineral Resource is 19.98 million tonnes (“MT”) at 1.99 grams per tonne (“g/t”) gold (“Au”) containing 1,281,161 ounces (“oz”) of gold and Indicated Mineral Resource is 15.89 MT at 1.48 g/t gold containing 755,119 ounces of gold for a combined tonnage of 35.88 MT at 1.77 g/t gold containing 2,036,280 oz of gold. The Buckreef Gold Project also contains an Inferred Mineral Resource of 17.8 MT at 1.11g/t gold for contained gold of 635,540 oz of gold. The Company is actively investigating and assessing multiple exploration targets on its property. Please refer to the Company’s Updated Mineral Resources Estimate for Buckreef Gold Project, dated May 15, 2020 and filed under the Company’s profile on SEDAR on June 23, 2020 (the “Technical Report”), for more information. Buckreef is being advanced in a value accretive sustainable manner through:

 

Expanding Production Profile: A 360 tonne per day (“tpd”) processing plant is being expanded to 1,000+ tpd, enabling a near term production profile of 15,000 - 20,000 oz of gold per year. Positive operating cash flow will be utilized for value enhancing activities, including exploration and Sulphide Project Development.

 

Exploration: Continuing with a drilling program with the goal of expanding resources, discovering new resources and converting resources to reserves, by: (i) step-out drilling in the northeast extension of Buckreef Main; (ii) infill drilling to upgrade Mineral Resources currently in the Inferred category in Buckreef Main; (iii) infill drilling program of Buckreef West; (iv) develop exploration program for the newly discovered Anfield Zone; (v) upgrade historical mineral resources at Bingwa and Tembo; (vi) identification of new prospects at Buckreef Gold Project, and in the East African region.

 

Sulphide Development Project: Unlocking the value of the Sulphide Project in which the ‘sulphide ore’ encompasses approximately 90% of the Resources. It is the goal of the Company to substantially exceed all metrics as outlined in the Technical Report, including annual production and strip ratio. 

 

 

 S-3 

 

 

THE OFFERING

 

Common Shares offered by us

Up to $10,000,000 of our common shares we may sell to Lincoln Park from time to time over the next thirty-six (36) months, at our sole discretion, in accordance with the Purchase Agreement.

 

909,901 common shares being issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for its commitment to purchase common shares under the Purchase Agreement, or the Commitment Shares. We will not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of the Commitment Shares.

 

Common shares outstanding immediately before offering

 

255,036,445 common shares(1)

Common shares to be outstanding after this offering

 

Up to 280,946,346 common shares, assuming the sale of 25,000,000 common shares in this offering(1)(2) at an offering price of $0.40 per common share, which was the reported sale price of our common share on the NYSE American on January 14, 2022 and issuance of the Commitment Shares. The actual number of common shares issued will vary depending on the actual sales prices under this offering, but will not be greater than 50,981,000, representing 19.99% of our common shares outstanding on the date of the Purchase Agreement, unless in accordance with the NYSE American rules.

 

Plan of Distribution

Pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, we are offering up to $10,000,000 in shares of our common shares and 909,901 common shares are being issued to Lincoln Park as Commitment Shares pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus also cover the resale of these shares by Lincoln Park to the public. See “Plan of Distribution” on page S-20 of this prospectus supplement.

 

Use of Proceeds

We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the offering primarily for capital expenditures, continued exploration, working capital and other general corporate purposes. See ‘‘Use of Proceeds’’ on page S-7 of this prospectus supplement.

 

Risk Factors

Investing in our common shares involve a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-5 of this prospectus supplement, and under similar headings in other documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus for a discussion of factors you should consider carefully when making an investment decision.

 

Common Shares

NYSE American symbol

TRX

 

 

(1)As of January 10, 2022.

 

(2)The number of common shares to be outstanding immediately after this offering as shown above is based on 255,036,445 common shares outstanding as of January 10, 2022, but does not include the following:

 

·(i) 7,251,000 common shares underlying stock options outstanding under our stock plans, at a weighted average exercise price of Cdn$0.41 per share; and (ii) 12,639,644 common shares available for future grant or issuance pursuant to our omnibus equity compensation plan; and

 

·3,002,037; 2,777,268; and 17,613,847 common shares underlying outstanding warrants with exercise prices of $0.8718; $1.2125; $1.50; and $0.80, respectively.

 

 S-4 

 

RISK FACTORS

 

Investment in our common shares involves risks. Before deciding whether to invest in our common shares, you should consider carefully the risk factors discussed below and those contained in “Part I. Item 3. Key Information – D. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC on December 3, 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, as well as any amendment or update to our risk factors reflected in subsequent filings with the SEC. If any of the risks or uncertainties described in our SEC filings actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be materially and adversely affected. This could cause the trading price of our common shares to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business operations.

 

Sales of a significant number of shares of our common shares in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress the market price of our common share.

 

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common shares in the public market could depress the market price of our common shares and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We cannot predict the effect that future sales of our common shares would have on the market price of our common shares.

 

The sale or issuance of our common shares to Lincoln Park may cause dilution and the sale of the common shares acquired by Lincoln Park, or the perception that such sales may occur, could cause the price of our common shares to fall.

 

On January 13, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, pursuant to which Lincoln Park has committed to purchase up to $10,000,000 of our common shares subject to the terms therein. Upon the filing of this prospectus supplement, we are issuing the Commitment Shares to Lincoln Park as a fee for its commitment to purchase shares of our common shares under the Purchase Agreement. The remaining shares of our common shares that may be issued under the Purchase Agreement may be sold by us to Lincoln Park at our discretion from time to time over a thirty-six (36) month period commencing after the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement, including that the registration statement that includes this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus is effective. The purchase price for the shares that we may sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement will fluctuate based on the price of our common shares. Depending on market liquidity at the time, sales of such shares may cause the trading price of our common shares to fall.

 

We generally have the right to control the timing and amount of any future sales of our shares to Lincoln Park. Additional sales of our common shares, if any, to Lincoln Park will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to Lincoln Park all, some or none of the additional shares of our common shares that may be available for us to sell pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. If and when we do sell shares to Lincoln Park, after Lincoln Park has acquired the shares, Lincoln Park may resell all, some or none of those shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. Therefore, sales to Lincoln Park by us could result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our common shares. Additionally, the sale of a substantial number of shares of our common shares to Lincoln Park, or the anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales.

 

 S-5 

 

You may experience an immediate and substantial dilution in the offering price of the common shares you purchased in the offering.

 

The offering price per share in this offering will exceed the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our outstanding common shares prior to this offering. Assuming that an aggregate of 25,000,000 common shares are sold at a price of $0.40 per common share for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $10,000,000 and after the issuance of the Commitment Shares and deducting estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us, you will experience immediate dilution of $0.20 per common share, representing the difference between the offering price of $0.40 per common share and our pro forma net tangible book value per share of $0.20 as of November 30, 2021, after giving effect to this offering at the assumed offering price. The exercise of outstanding stock options and convertible loans may result in further dilution of your investment. See the section below entitled “Dilution” for a more detailed illustration of the dilution you would incur if you participate in this offering.

 

Our management might apply the net proceeds from this offering in ways with which you do not agree and in ways that may impair the value of your investment.

 

We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering primarily for capital expenditures, continued exploration, working capital and other general corporate purposes. Our management has broad discretion as to the use of these proceeds and you will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of these proceeds. We might apply these proceeds in ways with which you do not agree, or in ways that do not yield a favorable return. If our management applies these proceeds in a manner that does not yield a significant return, if any, on our investment of these net proceeds, it could compromise our ability to pursue our growth strategy and adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

 

Our common shares may become the target of a “short squeeze.”

 

In 2021, the securities of several companies have increasingly experienced significant and extreme volatility in stock price due to short sellers of common shares and buy-and-hold decisions of longer investors, resulting in what is sometimes described as a “short squeeze.” Short squeezes have caused extreme volatility in those companies and in the market and have led to the price per share of those companies to trade at a significantly inflated rate that is disconnected from the underlying value of the company. Sharp rises in a company’s stock price may force traders in a short position to buy the shares to avoid even greater losses. Many investors who have purchased shares in those companies at an inflated rate face the risk of losing a significant portion of their original investment as the price per share has declined steadily as interest in those shares have abated. We may be a target of a short squeeze, and investors may lose a significant portion or all of their investment if they purchase our common shares at a rate that is significantly disconnected from our underlying value.

 

 S-6 

 

CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS

 

The table below sets forth our capitalization and indebtedness as of November 30, 2021.

 

·on an actual basis; and

 

·assuming that an aggregate of 25,000,000 common shares are sold at a price of $0.40 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $10,000,000, estimated aggregate offering expenses of $110,000.

 

Dollars in Thousands  Actual  Pro forma
   $US  US$
       
Liabilities  $8,623   $8,623 
           
Authorized Capital          
Share capital   158,227    168,117 
Share based payment reserve   6,660    6,660 
Warrants Reserve   1,606    1,606 
Accumulated Deficit   (119,479)   (119,497)
Equity attributable to owners of the Company   47,014    56,904 
Non-controlling interests   (1,669)   (1,669)
Total shareholder’s equity  $45,345   $55,235 

 

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

 

We may receive up to $10,000,000 in aggregate gross proceeds under the Purchase Agreement from any sales we make to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement after the date of this prospectus supplement. We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of our common shares to Lincoln Park pursuant to the Purchase Agreement will be up to $9,890,000 over an approximately thirty-six (36) month period, assuming that we sell the full amount of our common share that we have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement, and after other estimated fees and expenses. We may sell fewer than all of the shares offered by this prospectus supplement, in which case our net offering proceeds will be less. Because we are not obligated to sell any shares of our common share under the Purchase Agreement, other than the Commitment Shares, the actual total offering amount and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. There can be no assurance that we will receive any proceeds under or fully utilize the Purchase Agreement. See “Plan of Distribution” elsewhere in this prospectus supplement for more information.

 

We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering primarily for capital expenditures, continued exploration, working capital and other general corporate purposes.

 

Although we intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for the foregoing purposes, the planned expenditures may change significantly. As a result, our management will have broad discretion in the allocation of any net proceeds. Pending use of any net proceeds, we may invest any proceeds in a variety of capital preservation instruments, including short-term, investment-grade, and interest-bearing instruments.

 

 

 S-7 

 

DILUTION

 

If you invest in our common shares which are part of this offering, you will experience dilution to the extent of the difference between the price per share you pay in this offering and the pro forma net tangible book value per common share immediately after this offering. Our pro forma net tangible book value as of November 30, 2021, after giving effect to the proceeds from the sale of our common shares in the aggregate amount of $10,000,000 in this offering at an offering price of $0.40 per share, after deducting estimated offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted pro forma net tangible book value would have been approximately $55,235,000 or approximately $0.20 per common share, as of November 30, 2021. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of approximately $0.02 per share to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution of approximately $0.20 per share to investors in this offering. The following table illustrates this calculation on a per share basis.

 

Offering price per common share       $0.40 
Net tangible book value per share as of November 30, 2021  $0.18      
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering  $0.02      
Net tangible book value per share after this offering       $0.20 
Dilution per share to new investors purchasing shares in this offering       $0.20 

 

The table above assumes for illustrative purposes that an aggregate of 25,000,000 common shares are sold at a price of $0.40 per common share the last reported sale price of our common shares on the NYSE American on January 14, 2022, for aggregate gross proceeds of $10,000,000 less expenses of $110,000. The common shares sold in this offering, if any, will be sold from time to time at various prices. This information is supplied for illustrative purposes only.

 

The information above is based on 254,983,579 common shares outstanding as of November 30, 2021, and does not include the following:

 

 ·909,901 Commitment Shares;
·7,351,000 common shares issuable upon exercise of stock options outstanding under our stock plans, at a weighted average exercise price of Cdn$0.41 per share;
·12,529,645 common shares available for future grant or issuance pursuant to our omnibus equity compensation plan; and
·3,002,037; 2,777,268; and 17,613,847 common shares underlying outstanding warrants with exercise prices of $1.2125; $1.50; and $0.80, respectively.

 

 

LINCOLN PARK TRANSACTION

 

General

 

On January 13, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park. In connection with the Purchase Agreement, on January 13, 2022, we also entered into a registration rights agreement, or the Registration Rights Agreement, with Lincoln Park, pursuant to which we agreed to take specified actions to maintain the registration of the common shares subject to the offering described in this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to $10,000,000 of our common shares (subject to certain limitations) from time to time during the term of the Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement and Registration Rights Agreement, we have filed with the SEC this prospectus supplement regarding the sale under the Securities Act of the shares issuable to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, on the date of this prospectus supplement, we are issuing 909,901 common shares, also referred to as the Commitment Shares, to Lincoln Park as consideration for its commitment to purchase common shares under the Purchase Agreement.

 

We may, from time to time and at our sole discretion, direct Lincoln Park to purchase shares of our common share upon the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement at a purchase price per share based on the market price of our common share at the time of sale as computed under the Purchase Agreement. Lincoln Park may not assign or transfer its rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement.

 

 S-8 

 

Under applicable rules of the NYSE American, in no event may we issue or sell to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement shares of our common share in excess of 50,981,000 shares (including the Commitment Shares), which represents 19.99% of our common shares outstanding immediately prior to the execution of the Purchase Agreement, or the Exchange Cap, unless we obtain shareholder approval to issue common shares in excess of the Exchange Cap, such that the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement are exempt from the Exchange Cap limitation under applicable NYSE American rules. In any event, the Purchase Agreement specifically provides that we may not issue or sell any of our common shares under the Purchase Agreement if such issuance or sale would breach any applicable rules or regulations of the Exchange.

 

The Purchase Agreement also prohibits us from directing Lincoln Park to purchase any of our common shares if those shares, when aggregated with all of our other common shares then beneficially owned by Lincoln Park, would result in Lincoln Park and its affiliates exceeding 4.9% of the then issued and outstanding common shares (“Beneficial Ownership Limitation”).

 

Purchase of Shares under the Purchase Agreement

 

Regular Purchases

 

Under the Purchase Agreement, on any business day selected by us, if the closing sale price of our common share on NYSE American is not below $0.10, we may direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to 125,000 common shares on such business day (or the purchase date), which we refer to as a Regular Purchase, provided, however, that (i) a Regular Purchase may be increased to up to 200,000 shares if the closing sale price of our common share on NYSE American is not below $0.50 on the applicable purchase date, (ii) a Regular Purchase may be increased to up to 300,000 shares if the closing sale price of our common share on NYSE American is not below $0.75 on the applicable purchase date, provided however, Lincoln Park’s commitment obligation under any single Regular Purchase shall not exceed $500,000. We may direct Lincoln Park to purchase shares in Regular Purchases as often as every business day.  The foregoing share amounts and per share prices will be adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction occurring after the date of the Purchase Agreement.

 

The purchase price per share for each such Regular Purchase will be equal to the lesser of:

 

·the lowest sale price for our common share on NYSE American on the purchase date of such shares; and

 

·the average of the three lowest closing sale prices for our common share on NYSE American during the 10 consecutive business days prior to the purchase date of such shares.

 

Accelerated Purchases

 

We may also direct Lincoln Park, on any business day on which we have properly submitted a Regular Purchase notice for the maximum amount allowed for such Regular Purchase, to purchase an additional amount of our common share, which we refer to as an Accelerated Purchase, of up to the lesser of:

 

·300% of the number of shares purchased pursuant to such Regular Purchase; and

 

·20% of the aggregate shares of our common share traded on NYSE American during all or, if certain trading volume or market price thresholds specified in the Purchase Agreement are crossed on the applicable Accelerated Purchase date, the portion of the normal trading hours on the applicable Accelerated Purchase date prior to such time that any one of such thresholds is crossed, which period of time on the applicable Accelerated Purchase date we refer to as the “Accelerated Purchase Measurement Period”.

 

The purchase price per share for each such Accelerated Purchase will be equal to 95% of the lower of:

 

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·the volume-weighted average price of our common share on NYSE American during the applicable Accelerated Purchase Measurement Period on the applicable Accelerated Purchase date; and

 

·the closing sale price of our common share on NYSE American on the applicable Accelerated Purchase date.

 

Additional Accelerated Purchases

 

We may also direct Lincoln Park on any business day on which an Accelerated Purchase has been completed and all of the shares to be purchased thereunder have been properly delivered to Lincoln Park in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, to purchase an additional amount of our common share, which we refer to as an Additional Accelerated Purchase, of up to the lesser of:

 

·300% of the number of shares purchased pursuant to the applicable corresponding Regular Purchase; and

 

·20% of the aggregate shares of our common share traded on NYSE American during a certain portion of the normal trading hours on the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase date as determined in accordance with the Purchase Agreement, which period of time on the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase date we refer to as the Additional Accelerated Purchase Measurement Period.

 

We may, in our sole discretion, submit multiple Additional Accelerated Purchase notices to Lincoln Park on a single Accelerated Purchase date, provided that all prior Accelerated Purchases and Additional Accelerated Purchases (including those that have occurred earlier on the same day) have been completed and all of the shares to be purchased thereunder have been properly delivered to Lincoln Park in accordance with the Purchase Agreement.

 

The purchase price per share for each such Additional Accelerated Purchase will be equal to 95% of the lower of:

 

·the volume-weighted average price of our common share on NYSE American during the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase Measurement Period on the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase date; and

 

·the closing sale price of our common share on NYSE American on the applicable Additional Accelerated Purchase date.

 

In the case of Regular Purchases, Accelerated Purchases and Additional Accelerated Purchases, the purchase price per share will be equitably adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction occurring during the business days used to compute the purchase price.

 

Other than as described above, there are no trading volume requirements or restrictions under the Purchase Agreement, and we will control the timing and amount of any sales of our common share to Lincoln Park.

 

Events of Suspension

 

Events of Suspension under the Purchase Agreement include the following:

 

·the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus form a part lapses for any reason (including, without limitation, the issuance of a stop order), or any required prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus are unavailable for the resale by Lincoln Park of our common share offered hereby, and such lapse or unavailability continues for a period of 10 consecutive business days or for more than an aggregate of 30 business days in any 365-day period, but excluding a lapse or unavailability where (i)  we terminate a registration statement after Lincoln Park has confirmed in writing that all of the shares of our common share covered thereby have been resold or (ii) we supersede one registration statement with another registration statement, including (without limitation) by terminating a prior registration statement when it is effectively replaced with a new registration statement covering the shares of our common share covered by the Purchase Agreement (provided in the case of this clause (ii) that all of the shares of our common share covered by the superseded (or terminated) registration statement that have not theretofore been resold are included in the superseding (or new) registration statement);

 

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·suspension by the principal market of our common share from trading for a period of one business day;

 

·the delisting of our common share from NYSE America, unless our common share is immediately thereafter trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the NYSE Arca, the OTC Bulletin Board or the OTC Markets (or nationally recognized successor to any of the foregoing);

 

·the failure for any reason by our transfer agent to issue shares of our common share to Lincoln Park within two business day after any Regular Purchase date, Accelerated Purchase date or Additional Accelerated Purchase date, as applicable, on which Lincoln Park is entitled to receive such shares;

 

·any breach of the representations, warranties, covenants or other terms or conditions contained in the Purchase Agreement or Registration Rights Agreement that has or could have a Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) and, in the case of a breach of a covenant that is reasonably curable, that is not cured within a period of at least five business days;

 

·our common share ceases to be DTC authorized and ceases to participate in the DWAC/FAST systems;

 

·if at any time the Exchange Cap is reached and our shareholders have not approved the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the Exchange, to the extent applicable; or

 

·any voluntary or involuntary participation or threatened participation in insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings by or against us.

 

Upon and during an Event of Suspension and if the Exchange Cap is reached, the Company cannot deliver any notices to Lincoln Park directing it to purchase any common shares under the Purchase Agreement. In addition, upon an Event of Suspension, Lincoln Park does not have the right to terminate the Purchase Agreement, provided however, the Purchase Agreement will automatically terminate upon initiation of insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings by or against us.

 

Our Termination Rights

 

We have the unconditional right, at any time, for any reason and without any payment or liability to us, to give notice to Lincoln Park to terminate the Purchase Agreement.

 

No Short-Selling or Hedging by Lincoln Park

 

Lincoln Park has agreed that neither it nor any of its affiliates shall engage in any direct or indirect short-selling or hedging of our common share during any time prior to the termination of the Purchase Agreement.

 

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Prohibitions on Financings

 

Subject to specified exceptions included in the Purchase Agreement, we are limited in our ability to enter into any new “equity line” or similar transaction whereby an investor is irrevocably bound to purchase securities over a period of time from the Company at a price based on the market price of the Common share at the time of such purchase.

 

Effect of Performance of the Purchase Agreement on our Shareholders

 

All common shares registered in this offering that have been or may be issued or sold by us to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement are expected to be freely tradable. Common shares registered in this offering may be sold over a period of up to 36 months commencing on the date of this prospectus supplement. The sale by Lincoln Park of a significant number of common shares registered in this offering at any given time could cause the market price of our common shares to decline and to be highly volatile. Sales of our common shares to Lincoln Park, if any, will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by us. We may ultimately decide to sell to Lincoln Park all, some or none of the of our common shares that may be available for us to sell pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. If and when we do sell common shares to Lincoln Park, after Lincoln Park has acquired the common shares, Lincoln Park may resell all, some or none of those common shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. Therefore, sales to Lincoln Park by us under the Purchase Agreement may result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our common shares. In addition, if we sell a substantial number of common shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement, or if investors expect that we will do so, the actual sales of common shares or the mere existence of our arrangement with Lincoln Park may make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect such sales. However, we have the right to control the timing and amount of any sales of our common shares to Lincoln Park and the Purchase Agreement may be terminated by us at any time at our discretion without any cost to us.

 

Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, we have the right, but not the obligation, to direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to $10,000,000 of our common shares, exclusive of the Commitment Shares being issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for its commitment to purchase our common shares under the Purchase Agreement. The Purchase Agreement prohibits us from issuing or selling to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement our common shares (i) in excess of the Exchange Cap, unless we obtain shareholder approval to issue common shares in excess of the Exchange Cap, such that the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement are exempt from the Exchange Cap limitation under applicable NYSE American rules and (ii) if those shares, when aggregated with all other shares of our common share then beneficially owned by Lincoln Park, would exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation.

 

The following table sets forth the amount of gross proceeds we would receive from Lincoln Park from our sale of common shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement at varying purchase prices:

 

Assumed Average
Purchase Price Per Share
  Number of Registered
Shares to be Issued if
Full Purchase (1)
  Percentage of
Outstanding Shares
After Giving Effect to
the Issuance to
Lincoln Park(2)
  Gross Proceeds from the Sale
of Shares to Lincoln
Park Under the
Purchase Agreement
 
$   0.30   33,333,333   11.8%   $ 10,000,000  
 0.40 (3)   25,000,000   9.2      10,000,000  
 0.50   20,000,000   7.6      10,000,000  
$   0.75   13,333,333   5.3%   $ 10,000,000  

 


(1) Includes the total number of shares of common share that we would have sold under the Purchase Agreement at the corresponding assumed average purchase price set forth in the first column, up to the aggregate purchase price of $10,000,000, if available, while giving effect to the Exchange Cap and without regard for the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and excludes the Commitment Shares.

 

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(2) The denominator is based on 255,036,445 shares outstanding as of January 10, 2022, adjusted to include the issuance of (i) 909,901 Commitment Shares being issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for its commitment to purchase shares of our common share under the Purchase Agreement and (ii) the number of shares set forth in the adjacent column that we would have sold to Lincoln Park, assuming the average purchase price in the first column. The numerator is based on the number of shares issuable under the Purchase Agreement (that are the subject of this offering) at the corresponding assumed average purchase price set forth in the first column plus the Commitment Shares. Immediately prior to the date of the Purchase Agreement, Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, beneficially owned zero Common Shares. Josh Scheinfeld and Jonathan Cope, the Managing Members of Lincoln Park Capital, LLC, the manager of Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, are deemed to be beneficial owners of all of the Common Shares owned by Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC. Messrs. Cope and Scheinfeld have shared voting and investment power over the shares being offered under the prospectus supplement filed with the SEC in connection with the transactions contemplated under the Purchase Agreement. Lincoln Park Capital, LLC is not a licensed broker dealer or an affiliate of a licensed broker dealer.
(3) The closing sale price of our common share on NYSE American on January 14, 2022.

 

MARKET FOR OUR COMMON SHARES

 

The common shares of the Company are listed on the TSX under the symbol “TNX”. The common shares of the Company are also listed on the NYSE American LLC, or NYSE American under the symbol “TRX.”

 

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

 

Common Shares

 

Our Articles authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of common shares, without par value. As of January 10, 2022, we had 255,036,445 common shares outstanding.

 

A description of the common shares we are offering pursuant to this prospectus supplement is set forth under the heading “Description of Common Shares,” starting on page 19 of the accompanying base prospectus. The description of our capital shares is a summary and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our Articles of Incorporation, as amended or restated (“Articles”). For a complete description, you should refer to our Articles a copy of which is on file with the SEC.

 

CERTAIN UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

The following is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to a U.S. Holder (as defined below) arising from the acquisition of common shares pursuant to the offering and the ownership and disposition of the common shares. This summary applies only to U.S. Holders who hold common shares as capital assets (generally, property held for investment) and who acquire common shares at their original issuance pursuant to the offering, and does not apply to any subsequent U.S. Holder of a common share.

 

This summary is for general information purposes only and does not purport to be a complete analysis or listing of all potential U.S. federal income tax considerations that may apply to a U.S. Holder as a result of the ownership and disposition of common shares. In addition, this summary does not take into account the individual facts and circumstances of any particular U.S. Holder that may affect the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such U.S. Holder, including specific tax consequences to a U.S. Holder under an applicable tax treaty. Accordingly, this summary is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, legal or U.S. federal income tax advice with respect to any particular U.S. Holder. In addition, this summary does not address the U.S. federal alternative minimum, U.S. federal estate and gift, U.S. Medicare contribution, U.S. state and local, or non-U.S. tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership or disposition of common shares. Except as specifically set forth below, this summary does not discuss applicable tax reporting requirements. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding all U.S. federal, U.S. state and local and non-U.S. tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, or disposition of common shares.

 

No opinion from U.S. legal counsel or ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) has been requested, or will be obtained, regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership or disposition of common shares. This summary is not binding on the IRS, and the IRS is not precluded from taking a position that is different from, and contrary to, any position taken in this summary. In addition, because the authorities upon which this summary is based are subject to various interpretations, the IRS and the U.S. courts could disagree with one or more of the positions taken in this summary.

 

 

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Scope of This Disclosure

 

Authorities This summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Treasury Regulations (whether final, temporary, or proposed), published rulings of the IRS, published administrative positions of the IRS, the Convention Between Canada and the United States of America with Respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital, signed September 26, 1980, as amended (the “Canada-U.S. Tax Convention”), and U.S. court decisions that are applicable and, in each case, as in effect and available, as of the date hereof. Any of the authorities on which this summary is based could be changed in a material and adverse manner at any time, and any such change could be applied on a retroactive or prospective basis which could affect the U.S. federal income tax considerations described in this summary. This summary does not discuss the potential effects, whether adverse or beneficial, of any proposed legislation that, if enacted, could be applied on a retroactive or prospective basis.

 

U.S. Holders. For purposes of this summary, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of common shares that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

·An individual who is a citizen or resident of the U.S.;
·A corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the U.S., any state thereof or the District of Columbia;
·An estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
·A trust that (a) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the U.S. and the control of one or more U.S. persons for all substantial decisions or (b) has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

 

Non-U.S. Holders. For purposes of this summary, a “non-U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of common shares that is not a partnership (or other “pass-through” entity) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and is not a U.S. Holder. This summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to non-U.S. Holders arising from the acquisition, ownership or disposition of common shares.

 

Accordingly, a non-U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding all U.S. federal, U.S. state and local, and non-U.S. tax consequences (including the potential application of and operation of any income tax treaties) relating to the purchase of the common shares pursuant to the offering and the acquisition, ownership or disposition of common shares.

 

Transactions Not Addressed. This summary does not address the tax consequences of transactions effected prior or subsequent to, or concurrently with, any purchase of the securities (whether or not any such transactions are undertaken in connection with the purchase of the securities), other than the U.S. federal income tax considerations to U.S. Holders of the acquisition of common shares and the ownership and disposition of such common shares.

 

U.S. Holders Subject to Special U.S. Federal Income Tax Rules Not Addressed

 

This summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations of the acquisition, ownership, or disposition of common shares by U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions under the Code, including, but not limited to, the following: (a) tax-exempt organizations, qualified retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, or other tax-deferred accounts; (b) financial institutions, underwriters, insurance companies, real estate investment trusts, or regulated investment companies; (c) broker-dealers, dealers, or traders in securities or currencies that elect to apply a “mark-to-market” accounting method; (d) U.S. Holders that have a “functional currency” other than the U.S. dollar; (e) U.S. Holders that own common shares as part of a straddle, hedging transaction, conversion transaction, constructive sale, or other arrangement involving more than one position; (f) U.S. Holders that acquire common shares in connection with the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation for services; (g) U.S. Holders that hold common shares other than as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment purposes); (h) U.S. Holders that own directly, indirectly, or by attribution, 10% or more, by voting power or value, of the outstanding stock of the Company; and (i) U.S. Holders subject to Section 451(b) of the Code. This summary also does not address the U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to U.S. Holders who are: (a) U.S. expatriates or former long-term residents of the U.S.; (b) persons that have been, are, or will be a resident or deemed to be a resident in Canada for purposes of the Tax Act; (c) persons that use or hold, will use or hold, or that are or will be deemed to use or hold common shares in connection with carrying on a business in Canada; (d) persons whose common shares constitute “taxable Canadian property” under the Tax Act; or (e) persons that have a permanent establishment in Canada for purposes of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention. U.S. Holders that are subject to special provisions under the Code, including U.S. Holders described immediately above, should consult their own tax advisors regarding all U.S. federal, U.S. state and local, and non-U.S. tax consequences (including the potential application and operation of any income tax treaties) relating to the acquisition, ownership, or disposition of common shares.

 

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If an entity or arrangement that is classified as a partnership (or other “pass-through” entity) for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds common shares, the U.S. federal income tax consequences to such partnership and the partners (or other owners) of such partnership of the acquisition, ownership, or disposition of the common shares generally will depend on the activities of the partnership and the status of such partners (or other owners). This summary does not address the U.S. federal income tax consequences for any such partner or partnership (or other “pass-through” entity or its owners). Owners of entities and arrangements that are classified as partnerships (or other “pass-through” entities) for U.S. federal income tax purposes should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, or disposition of common shares.

 

Distributions on Common Shares

 

As stated above, we have never paid a dividend and have no intention of paying a dividend. Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder that receives a distribution, including a constructive distribution, with respect to Common Shares will be required to include the amount of such distribution in gross income as a dividend (without reduction for any Canadian income tax withheld from such distribution) to the extent of the current or accumulated “earnings and profits” of the Company, as computed for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To the extent that a distribution exceeds the current and accumulated “earnings and profits” of the Company, such distribution will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common shares and thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of such common shares. See “Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares” below. However, the Company may not maintain calculations of earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles, and each U.S. Holder should therefore assume that any distribution by the Company with respect to the common shares will be reported to them as a dividend. Dividends received on the common shares generally will not be eligible for the “dividends received deduction” available to U.S. corporate shareholders receiving dividends from U.S. corporations. If the Company is eligible for the benefits of the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention, or another qualifying income tax treaty with the United States that includes an exchange of information program which the U.S. Treasury Department has determined is satisfactory for these purposes, or its shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S., dividends paid by the Company to non-corporate U.S. Holders generally will be eligible for the preferential tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided certain holding period and other conditions are satisfied, including that the Company not be classified as a PFIC in the tax year of distribution or in the preceding tax year. The dividend rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the application of such rules.

 

Sale or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Shares

 

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, upon the sale or other taxable disposition of common shares, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize a capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash plus the fair market value of any property received and such U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the common shares sold or otherwise disposed of. Such capital gain or loss will generally be a long-term capital gain or loss if, at the time of the sale or other taxable disposition, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common shares is more than one year. Preferential tax rates apply to long-term capital gains of non-corporate U.S. Holders. Deductions for capital losses are subject to significant limitations under the Code. A U.S. Holder’s tax basis in common shares generally will be such U.S. Holder’s U.S. dollar cost for such common shares.

 

PFIC Status of the Company

 

The Company had no revenues for its taxable year ended August 31, 2021, and has not performed an analysis of whether or not it was or will be deemed a PFIC for its prior and current taxable years. If the Company is or becomes a PFIC, the foregoing description of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders of the ownership of Common Shares will be different. The U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of common shares if the Company is or becomes a PFIC are described below under the heading “Tax Consequences if the Company is a PFIC.”

 

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A non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC for each tax year in which (i) 75% or more of its gross income is passive income (as defined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) (the “income test”) or (ii) 50% or more (by value) of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during such tax year) either produce or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). For purposes of the PFIC provisions, “gross income” generally includes sales revenues less cost of goods sold, plus income from investments and from incidental or other operations or sources, and “passive income” generally includes dividends, interest, certain rents and royalties, certain gains from commodities or securities transactions and the excess of gains over losses from the disposition of certain assets which product passive income. If a non-U.S. corporation owns at least 25% (by value) of the stock of another corporation, the non-U.S. corporation is treated, for purposes of the income test and asset test, as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation and as receiving directly its proportionate share of the other corporation’s income.

 

Under certain attribution and indirect ownership rules, if the Company is a PFIC, U.S. Holders will generally be deemed to own their proportionate share of the Company’s direct or indirect equity interest in any company that is also a PFIC (a “Subsidiary PFIC”), and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on their proportionate share of (a) any “excess distributions,” as described below, on the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC and (b) a disposition or deemed disposition of the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC by the Company or another Subsidiary PFIC, both as if such U.S. Holders directly held the shares of such Subsidiary PFIC. In addition, U.S. Holders may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any indirect gain realized on the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC on the sale or disposition of common shares. Accordingly, U.S. Holders should be aware that they could be subject to tax even if no distributions are received and no redemptions or other dispositions of the Company’s common shares are made.

 

The determination of PFIC status is inherently factual, is subject to a number of uncertainties, and can be determined only annually at the close of the tax year in question. Additionally, the analysis depends, in part, on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are subject to differing interpretations. There can be no assurance that the Company will or will not be determined to be a PFIC for the current tax year or any prior or future tax year, and no opinion of legal counsel or ruling from the IRS concerning the status of the Company as a PFIC has been obtained or will be requested. U.S. Holders should consult their own U.S. tax advisors regarding the PFIC status of the Company.

 

Tax Consequences if the Company is a PFIC

 

If the Company is a PFIC for any tax year during which a U.S. Holder holds common shares, special rules may increase such U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability with respect to the ownership and disposition of such common shares. If the Company is a PFIC for any tax year during which a U.S. Holder owns common shares, the Company will be treated as a PFIC with respect to such U.S. Holder for that tax year and for all subsequent tax years, regardless of whether the Company meets the income test or the asset test for such subsequent tax years, unless the U.S. Holder makes a “deemed sale” election with respect to the common shares. If the election is made, the U.S. Holder will be deemed to sell the common shares it holds at their fair market value on the last day of the last taxable year in which we qualified as a PFIC, and any gain recognized from such deemed sale would be taxed under the PFIC excess distribution regime. After the deemed sale election, the U.S. Holder’s common shares would not be treated as shares of a PFIC unless the Company subsequently becomes a PFIC. U.S. Holders should consult their own U.S. tax advisors regarding the availability and desirability of a deemed sale election.

 

Under the default PFIC rules:

 

·Any gain realized on the sale or other disposition (including dispositions and certain other events that would not otherwise be treated as taxable events) of common shares (including an indirect disposition of the stock of any Subsidiary PFIC) and any “excess distribution” (defined as a distribution to the extent it (together with all other distributions received in the relevant tax year) exceeds 125% of the average annual distribution received during the shorter of the preceding three years or the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common shares) received on common shares or with respect to the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC will be allocated ratably to each day of such U.S. Holder’s holding period for the common shares;

 

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·The amount allocated to the current tax year and any year prior to the first year in which the Company was a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income in the current year;
·The amount allocated to each of the other tax years (the “Prior PFIC Years”) will be subject to tax at the highest ordinary income tax rate in effect for the applicable class of taxpayer for that year; and
·An interest charge will be imposed with respect to the resulting tax attributable to each Prior PFIC Year.

 

A U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective “mark-to-market” election under Section 1296 of the Code (a “Mark-to-Market Election”) or a timely and effective election to treat the Company and each Subsidiary PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (a “QEF”) under Section 1295 of the Code (a “QEF Election”) may generally mitigate or avoid the default PFIC rules described above with respect to common shares U.S. Holders should be aware that there can be no assurance that the Company has satisfied or will satisfy the recordkeeping requirements that apply to a QEF or that the Company has supplied or will supply U.S. Holders with information such U.S. Holders require to report under the QEF rules in the event that the Company is a PFIC for any tax year.

 

A timely and effective QEF Election requires a U.S. Holder to include currently in gross income each year its pro rata share of the Company’s ordinary earnings and net capital gains, regardless of whether such earnings and gains are actually distributed. Thus, a U.S. Holder could have a tax liability with respect to such ordinary earnings or gains without a corresponding receipt of cash from the Company. If the Company is a QEF with respect to a U.S. Holder, the U.S. Holder’s basis in the common shares will be increased to reflect the amount of the taxed but undistributed income. Distributions of income that had previously been taxed will result in a corresponding reduction of basis in the common shares and will not be taxed again as a distribution to a U.S. Holder. Taxable gains on the disposition of common shares by a U.S. Holder that has made a timely and effective QEF Election are generally capital gains. A U.S. Holder must make a QEF Election for the Company and each Subsidiary PFIC if it wishes to have this treatment. To make a QEF Election, a U.S. Holder will need to have an annual information statement from the Company setting forth the ordinary earnings and net capital gains for the year and the Company may not provide this statement, in which case a QEF Election cannot be made. In general, a U.S. Holder must make a QEF Election on or before the due date for filing its income tax return for the first year to which the QEF Election will apply. Under applicable Treasury Regulations, a U.S. Holder will be permitted to make retroactive elections in particular, but limited, circumstances, including if it had a reasonable belief that the Company was not a PFIC and did not file a protective election. If a U.S. Holder owns PFIC stock indirectly through another PFIC, separate QEF Elections must be made for the PFIC in which the U.S. Holder is a direct shareholder and the Subsidiary PFIC for the QEF rules to apply to both PFICs.

 

Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the availability and desirability of, and procedure for, making a timely and effective QEF Election (including a “pedigreed” QEF election where necessary) for the Company and any Subsidiary PFIC.

 

Alternatively, a Mark-to-Market Election may be made with respect to “marketable stock” in a PFIC if which is stock that is “regularly traded” on a “qualified exchange or other market” (within the meaning of the Code and the applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations). A class of stock that is traded on one or more qualified exchanges or other markets is considered to be “regularly traded” for any calendar year during which such class of stock is traded in other than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. If the common shares are considered to be “regularly traded” within this meaning, then a U.S. Holder generally will be eligible to make a Mark-to-Market Election with respect to its common shares. However, there is no assurance that the common shares will be or remain “regularly traded” for this purpose. A Mark-to-Market Election may not be made with respect to the stock of any Subsidiary PFIC. Hence, a Mark-to-Market Election will not be effective to eliminate the application of the default PFIC rules, described above, with respect to deemed dispositions of Subsidiary PFIC stock, or excess distributions with respect to a Subsidiary PFIC.

 

A U.S. Holder that makes a timely and effective Mark-to-Market Election with respect to common shares generally will be required to recognize as ordinary income in each tax year in which the Company is a PFIC an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of such shares as of the close of such taxable year over the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such shares as of the close of such taxable year. A U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common shares generally will be increased by the amount of ordinary income recognized with respect to such shares. If the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common shares as of the close of a tax year exceeds the fair market value of such shares as of the close of such taxable year, the U.S. Holder generally will recognize an ordinary loss, but only to the extent of net mark-to-market income recognized with respect to such shares for all prior taxable years. A U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its common shares generally will be decreased by the amount of ordinary loss recognized with respect to such shares. Any gain recognized upon a disposition of the common shares generally will be treated as ordinary income, and any loss recognized upon a disposition generally will be treated as an ordinary loss to the extent of net mark-to-market income recognized for all prior taxable years. Any loss recognized in excess thereof will be taxed as a capital loss. Capital losses are subject to significant limitations under the Code.

 

 S-17 

 

Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the availability and desirability of, and procedure for, making a timely and effective Mark-to-Market Election with respect to the common shares.

 

Foreign Tax Credit

 

A U.S. Holder that pays (whether directly or through withholding) Canadian income tax in connection with the ownership or disposition of common shares may (under certain circumstances) be entitled to receive either a deduction or a credit for such Canadian income tax paid generally at the election of such U.S. Holder. Generally, a credit will reduce a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability on a dollar-for-dollar basis, whereas a deduction will reduce a U.S. Holder’s income subject to U.S. federal income tax. This election is made on a year-by-year basis and applies to all creditable foreign taxes paid (whether directly or through withholding) by a U.S. Holder during a year.

 

Complex limitations apply to the foreign tax credit, including the general limitation that the credit cannot exceed the proportionate share of a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability that such U.S. Holder’s “foreign source” taxable income bears to such U.S. Holder’s worldwide taxable income. In applying this limitation, a U.S. Holder’s various items of income and deduction must be classified, under complex rules, as either “foreign source” or “U.S. source.” Generally, dividends paid by a non-U.S. corporation should be treated as foreign source for this purpose, and gains recognized on the sale of securities of a non-U.S. corporation by a U.S. Holder should be treated as U.S. source for this purpose, except as otherwise provided in an applicable income tax treaty and if an election is properly made under the Code. However, the amount of a distribution with respect to the common shares that is treated as a “dividend” may be lower for U.S. federal income tax purposes than it is for Canadian federal income tax purposes, resulting in a reduced foreign tax credit allowance to a U.S. Holder. In addition, this limitation is calculated separately with respect to specific categories of income. The foreign tax credit rules are complex, and each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisor regarding the foreign tax credit rules.

 

Special rules apply to the amount of foreign tax credit that a U.S. Holder may claim on a distribution, including a constructive distribution, from a PFIC. Subject to such special rules, non-U.S. taxes paid with respect to any distribution in respect of stock in a PFIC are generally eligible for the foreign tax credit. The rules relating to distributions by a PFIC and their eligibility for the foreign tax credit are complicated, and a U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding their application to the U.S. Holder.

 

Receipt of Foreign Currency

 

The amount of any distribution or proceeds paid in Canadian dollars to a U.S. Holder in connection with the ownership of common shares, or on the sale or other taxable disposition of common shares will be included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as translated into U.S. dollars calculated by reference to the exchange rate prevailing on the date of actual or constructive receipt of the payment, regardless of whether the Canadian dollars are converted into U.S. dollars at that time. If the Canadian dollars received are not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder will have a basis in the Canadian dollars equal to their U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any U.S. Holder who receives payment in Canadian dollars and engages in a subsequent conversion or other disposition of the Canadian dollars may have a foreign currency exchange gain or loss that would generally be treated as ordinary income or loss, and generally will be U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit purposes. Different rules apply to U.S. Holders who use the accrual method with respect to foreign currency.

 

 S-18 

 

Each U.S. Holder should consult its own U.S. tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of receiving, owning, and disposing of Canadian dollars.

 

Information Reporting; Backup Withholding

 

Under U.S. federal income tax law, certain categories of U.S. Holders must file information returns with respect to their investment in, or involvement in, a non-U.S. corporation. For example, U.S. return disclosure obligations (and related penalties) are imposed on individuals who are U.S. Holders that hold certain specified foreign financial assets in excess of certain threshold amounts. The definition of “specified foreign financial assets” includes not only financial accounts maintained in non-U.S. financial institutions, but also, if held for investment and not in an account maintained by certain financial institutions, any stock or security issued by a non-U.S. person, any financial instrument or contract that has an issuer or counterparty other than a U.S. person and any interest in a non-U.S. entity. A U.S. Holder may be subject to these reporting requirements unless such U.S. Holder’s common shares are held in an account at certain financial institutions. Penalties for failure to file certain of these information returns are substantial. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding the requirements of filing information returns on IRS Form 8938, and, if applicable, filing obligations relating to the PFIC rules, including possible reporting on an IRS Form 8621.

 

Payments made within the U.S. or by a U.S. payor or U.S. middleman of (a) distributions on the common shares, and (b) proceeds arising from the sale or other taxable disposition of common shares generally will be subject to information reporting. In addition, backup withholding, currently at a rate of 24%, may apply to such payments if a U.S. Holder (a) fails to furnish such U.S. Holder’s correct U.S. taxpayer identification number (generally on IRS Form W-9), (b) furnishes an incorrect U.S. taxpayer identification number, (c) is notified by the IRS that such U.S. Holder has previously failed to properly report items subject to backup withholding, or (d) fails to certify, under penalty of perjury, that such U.S. Holder has furnished its correct U.S. taxpayer identification number and that the IRS has not notified such U.S. Holder that it is subject to backup withholding. Certain exempt persons generally are excluded from these information reporting and backup withholding rules. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the U.S. backup withholding rules will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, or will be refunded, if such U.S. Holder furnishes required information to the IRS in a timely manner. The information reporting and backup withholding rules may apply even if, under the Canada-U.S. Tax Convention, payments are eligible for a reduced withholding rate.

 

The discussion of reporting requirements set forth above is not intended to constitute an exhaustive description of all reporting requirements that may apply to a U.S. Holder. A failure to satisfy certain reporting requirements may result in an extension of the time period during which the IRS can assess a tax, and, under certain circumstances, such an extension may apply to assessments of amounts unrelated to any unsatisfied reporting requirement. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the information reporting and backup withholding rules.

 

THE ABOVE SUMMARY IS NOT INTENDED TO CONSTITUTE A COMPLETE ANALYSIS OF ALL U.S. TAX CONSIDERATIONS APPLICABLE TO U.S. HOLDERS WITH RESPECT TO THE OWNERSHIP, EXERCISE OR DISPOSITION OF COMMON SHARES. U.S. HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE TAX CONSIDERATIONS APPLICABLE TO THEM IN THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES.

 

 

 S-19 

 

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

Pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, we are offering up to $10,000,000 of our common shares and 909,901 common shares are being issued to Lincoln Park as Commitment Shares pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus also cover the resale of these shares by Lincoln Park to the public.

 

We may, from time to time and at our sole discretion, direct Lincoln Park to purchase our common shares in amounts up to 125,000 shares on any single business day from and after the Commencement, which amounts may be increased to up to 300,000 shares of our common share depending on the market price of our common share at the time of sale. The foregoing share amounts and related market prices will be adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, non-cash dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or other similar transaction occurring after the date of the Purchase Agreement. In addition, upon notice to Lincoln Park, we may, from time to time and at our sole discretion, direct Lincoln Park to purchase additional common shares in “accelerated purchases,” and/or “additional accelerated purchases” as set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The purchase price per share is based on the market price of our common share at the time of sale as computed under the Purchase Agreement. Lincoln Park may not assign or transfer its rights and obligations under the Purchase Agreement. See “Lincoln Park Transaction—Purchases of Shares under the Purchase Agreement.”

 

Lincoln Park is an “underwriter” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act.

 

We will pay the expenses incident to the registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of the shares covered by this prospectus supplement to Lincoln Park. We have agreed to indemnify Lincoln Park and certain other persons against certain liabilities in connection with the offering of shares of our common share offered hereby, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities. Lincoln Park has agreed to indemnify us against liabilities under the Securities Act that may arise from certain written information furnished to us by Lincoln Park specifically for use in this prospectus supplement or, if such indemnity is unavailable, to contribute amounts required to be paid in respect of such liabilities.

 

Lincoln Park has represented to us that at no time prior to the Purchase Agreement has Lincoln Park or its agents, representatives or affiliates engaged in or effected, in any manner whatsoever, directly or indirectly, any short sale (as such term is defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO of the Exchange Act) of our common share or any hedging transaction, which establishes a net short position with respect to our common share. Lincoln Park agreed that during the term of the Purchase Agreement, it, its agents, representatives or affiliates will not enter into or effect, directly or indirectly, any of the foregoing transactions.

 

We have advised Lincoln Park that it is required to comply with Regulation M promulgated under the Exchange Act. With certain exceptions, Regulation M precludes Lincoln Park, any affiliated purchasers, and any broker-dealer or other person who participates in the distribution from bidding for or purchasing, or attempting to induce any person to bid for or purchase any security which is the subject of the distribution until the entire distribution is complete. Regulation M also prohibits any bids or purchases made in order to stabilize the price of a security in connection with the distribution of that security. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the securities offered by this prospectus supplement.

 

This offering will terminate on the date that all shares offered by this prospectus supplement have been sold to Lincoln Park.

 

The transfer agent of our common share is Odyssey Trust Company, Stock Exchange Tower 350, 300 5th Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta Canada T2P 3C4; 888-290-1175.

 

 

 S-20 

 

EXPENSES

 

We estimate that the total expenses of this offering payable by us will be approximately $110,000 as follows:

 

SEC registration fee   12,500 
Legal fees and expenses   65,000 
Accounting fees and expenses   1,000 
Miscellaneous   31,500 
Total   110,000 

 

MATERIAL CHANGES

 

Except as otherwise described in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, in our Reports on Form 6-K filed or submitted under the Exchange Act and incorporated by reference herein and as disclosed in this prospectus supplement, no reportable material changes have occurred since August 31, 2021.

 

LEGAL MATTERS

 

Certain legal matters in connection with the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Miller Thomson, LLP, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith, LLP, San Francisco, California with respect to matters of United States law. Lincoln Park is being represented in connection with this offering by K&L Gates, LLP, Miami, Florida.

 

EXPERTS

 

The consolidated financial statements of the Company appearing in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F, for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021 as filed with the SEC, have been audited by Dale Matheson Carr-Hilton LaBonte LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon, and incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

Information relating to the Company’s mineral properties in this prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein has been derived from reports, statements or opinions prepared or certified by Crundwell Metallurgy (Crundwell) and Virimai Projects (Virimai) and this information has been included in reliance on such companies’ expertise.

 

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE

 

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus supplement and information we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. The documents we are incorporating by reference as of their respective dates of filing are:

 

·Our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on December 3, 2021;
·Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 to our Form 6-K for January 2022, filed with the SEC on January 14, 2022, regarding Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements for the three months November 30, 2021 and 2020 and Management Discussion and Analysis; and
·Our Form 6-K for January 2022, filed with the SEC on January 18, 2022, regarding the offering transaction with Lincoln Park Capital Fund;

 

All subsequent annual reports on Form 20-F filed by us and all subsequent reports on Form 6-K filed by us that are identified by us as being incorporated by reference shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and deemed to be a part hereof after the date of this prospectus supplement but before the termination of the offering by this prospectus supplement.

 

 S-21 

 

Any statement contained in a document incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for all purposes to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus supplement, or in any other subsequently filed document which is also incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus supplement.

 

Each person, including any beneficial owner to whom this prospectus supplement is delivered, may request, orally or in writing, a copy of these documents, which will be provided at no cost, by contacting:

 

Corporate Secretary

Tanzanian Gold Corporation

50 King Street West, Suite 200

Toronto, Ontario M5H 1J9

Canada

Telephone number: (844) 364-1830

 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

This prospectus supplement is part of a registration statement on Form F-3 (File Number 333-255526) that we filed with the SEC relating to the securities offered by this prospectus supplement, which includes additional information. You should refer to the registration statement and its exhibits for additional information. Whenever we make reference in this prospectus supplement to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the references are not necessarily complete and you should refer to the exhibits attached to the registration statement for copies of the actual contract, agreements or other document.

 

We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to foreign private issuers. We, as a “foreign private issuer,” are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing certain disclosure and procedural requirements for proxy solicitations, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act, with respect to their purchases and sales of shares. In addition, we are not required to file annual, quarterly and current reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. However, we anticipate filing with the SEC, within four months after the end of each fiscal year, an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent accounting firm.

 

You can review our SEC filings and the registration statement by accessing the SEC’s internet site at http://www.sec.gov. We also maintain a website at http://www.tangoldcorp.com, through which you can access our SEC filings. The information on our web site is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and should not be considered to be a part of this prospectus supplement.

 

 S-22 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

 

 

$100,000,000

Senior or Subordinated Debt Securities

Common Shares
Warrants

Units

 

From time to time, we may offer up to $100,000,000 of our debt securities, common shares, warrants to purchase common shares and/or units consisting of debt securities, common shares and warrants or any combination of these securities in one or more transactions. The debt securities, warrants and units may be convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for common shares or other securities of ours. Unless otherwise indicated, dollar amounts shall mean United States dollars.

 

We will provide specific terms of these offerings and securities in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you in connection with these offerings. The prospectus supplement, and any documents incorporated by reference, may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement, any documents incorporated by reference and any related free writing prospectus carefully before buying any of the securities being offered.

 

We may offer and sell these securities to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers, on a continuous or delayed basis.

 

We have registered $100,000,000 of our securities. Our common shares are listed on the NYSE American under the symbol TRX and the closing sale price of our common share on May 14, 2021 was $0.51.

 

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment decision, please read “Risk Factors” beginning on page 6 of this prospectus and any other risk factor included in any accompanying prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any prospectus supplement.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The date of this prospectus is May 14, 2021.

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PAGE

 

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS   1
CAUTIONARY NOTE TO UNITED STATES INVESTORS CONCERNING TERMINOLOGY OF MINERAL RESOURCES   1
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS   2
ABOUT TANZANIAN GOLD CORPORATION   3
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION   3
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE   4
RISK FACTORS   6
CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS   6
MARKET FOR OUR COMMON SHARES   7
OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE   7
USE OF PROCEEDS   8
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION   8
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER   10
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES   10
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES   19
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS   19
DESCRIPTION OF UNITS   21
COMPARISON OF ALBERTA AND DELAWARE CORPORATE LAW COMPARISON OF SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS   22
CERTAIN UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS   31
EXPENSE OF THE ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION   32
MATERIAL CHANGES   32
LISTING   32
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR   32
LEGAL MATTERS   32
EXPERTS   32
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES   32

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

i

 

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Some of the statements in this prospectus and in any prospectus supplement we may file constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”). These statements relate to future events concerning our business and to our potential revenues, operating results, and financial condition. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may”, “will”, “could”, “would”, “should”, “expect”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “believe”, “estimate”, “forecast”, “predict”, “propose”, “potential”, or “continue” or the negative of those terms or other comparable terminology.

 

Any forward looking statements contained in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement are only estimates or predictions of future events based on information currently available to our management and management’s current beliefs about the potential outcome of future events. Whether these future events will occur as management anticipates, whether we will achieve our business objectives, and whether our potential revenues, operating results, or financial condition will improve in future periods are subject to numerous risks. There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated by these forward-looking statements. These important factors include those that we discuss under the heading “Risk Factors” and in other sections of our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2020, as amended, as well as in our other reports filed from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus. You should read these factors and the other cautionary statements made in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference into this prospectus as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this prospectus or the documents we incorporate by reference into this prospectus. If one or more of these factors materialize, or if any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results, performance or achievements may vary materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

 

CAUTIONARY NOTE TO UNITED STATES INVESTORS CONCERNING
TERMINOLOGY OF MINERAL RESOURCES

 

As an Alberta corporation, Tanzanian Gold Corporation (the “Company”) is subject to certain rules and regulations issued by Canadian Securities Administrators. The Company files an Annual Report on Form 20-F as its Annual Information Form (“AIF”) with the British Columbia, Alberta and Ontario Securities Commissions via the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (“SEDAR”). Under the filing requirements for an AIF, the Company is required to provide detailed information regarding its properties including mineralization, drilling, sampling and analysis, security of samples, and mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates, if any. Further, the Company may describe its properties utilizing terminology such as “Proven Mineral Reserve” or “Probable Mineral Reserve” or “Measured Mineral Resources,” “Indicated Mineral Resources” and “Inferred Mineral Resources” that are permitted by Canadian securities regulations.

 

United States investors are cautioned not to assume that any part of the mineral deposits, if any, in the “Proven Mineral Reserve” or “Probable Mineral Reserve” or “Measured Mineral Resources,” “Indicated Mineral Resources” and “Inferred Mineral Resources” categories will ever be converted into reserves. On October 31, 2018, the SEC adopted Item 1300 of Regulation S-K (“Item 1300”) to modernize the property disclosure requirements for mining registrants, and related guidance, under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. All registrants are required to comply with Item 1300 for fiscal years ending after January 1, 2021. Item 1300 uses the Committee for Mineral Reserves International Reporting Standards (“CRIRSCO”) based classification scheme for mineral resources and mineral reserves, that includes definitions for inferred, indicated, and measured mineral resources.

 

United States investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of the mineral deposits identified as an “inferred mineral resource,” “indicated mineral resource,” or “measured mineral resource” will ever be converted to probable mineral reserves or proven mineral reserves as defined by Item 1300 of the SEC regulations. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that part or all of an inferred mineral resource, indicated mineral resource or measured mineral resource is economically mineable.

 

 1 

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

 

This document is called a prospectus and is part of a registration statement that we have filed with the SEC using a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may, from time to time, offer our debt securities, common shares, and various series of warrants to purchase common shares, either individually or in units, in one or more offerings, in amounts we will determine from time to time, up to a total dollar amount of $100,000,000.

 

This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we offer a type or series of securities described in this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement, or information that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus, containing more specific information about the terms of the securities that we are offering. We may also authorize one or more free writing prospectuses to be provided to you that may contain material information relating to these offerings and securities. This prospectus, together with applicable prospectus supplement, any information incorporated by reference and any related free writing prospectuses, includes all material information relating to these offerings and securities. We may also add, update or change in the prospectus supplement any of the information contained in this prospectus or in the documents that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including, without limitation, a discussion of any risk factors or other special considerations that apply to these offerings or securities or the specific plan of distribution. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and a prospectus supplement or information incorporated by reference having a later date, you should rely on the information in that prospectus supplement or incorporated information having a later date. We urge you to read carefully this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus, together with the information incorporated herein by reference as described under the heading “Where You Can Find Additional Information”, before buying any of the securities being offered.

 

You should rely only on the information we have provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus.

 

Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any sale made under it implies that there has been no change in our affairs or that the information in this prospectus is correct as of any date after the date of this prospectus. You should assume that the information in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front of the document and that any information we have incorporated by reference is accurate only as of the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any related free writing prospectus, or any sale of a security.

 

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed will be filed or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under “Where You Can Find Additional Information”. THIS PROSPECTUS MAY NOT BE USED TO CONSUMMATE A SALE OF SECURITIES, UNLESS IT IS ACCOMPANIED BY A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.

 

In this prospectus, “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company,” refer to Tanzanian Gold Corporation and its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. In addition, references to dollar amounts in this prospectus shall mean United States dollars, unless otherwise indicated.

 

 

 

 

 2 

 

ABOUT TANZANIAN GOLD CORPORATION

 

Tanzanian Gold Corporation was originally incorporated under the name “424547 Alberta Ltd.” in the Province of Alberta on July 5, 1990, under the Business Corporations Act (Alberta). The name was changed to “Tan Range Exploration Corporation” on August 13, 1991. The name of the Company was again changed to “Tanzanian Royalty Exploration Corporation” on February 28, 2006. Subsequently, at the 2019 Annual Meeting, the shareholders approved a change of name to Tanzanian Gold Corporation. The Company is also registered in the Province of British Columbia as an extra-provincial company under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) and in the Province of Ontario as an extra-provincial company under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario).

 

The principal executive office of the Company is located at Tanzanian Gold Corporation #202, 5226 Larch Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6M 4E1, and its telephone number is (844) 364-1830. We maintain a website at http://www.tangoldcorp.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus.

 

Business Overview

 

The Company along with its joint venture partner, State Mining Company (“Stamico”), a 100% owned entity of the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania (“Tanzania”), is building a significant gold project at Buckreef (“Buckreef” or the “Buckreef Project”) in Tanzania that is based on a significant Mineral Resource base and the treatment of its mineable Mineral Reserves in two standalone plants. The Measured Mineral Resource is 19.98MT at 1.99 g/t gold containing 1,281,161 ounces of gold. The Indicated Mineral Resource is 15.89MT at 1.48g/t gold containing 755,119 ounces of gold for a combined M&I tonnage of 35.88MT at 1.77g/t gold, containing 2,036,280 ounces of gold. The Buckreef Project also contains an Inferred Mineral Resource of 17.8MT at 1.11g/t gold for contained gold of 635,540 ounces of gold. The Company is actively investigating and assessing multiple exploration targets on its property. Please refer to the Company’s Updated Mineral Resources Estimate for Buckreef Gold Project, dated May 15, 2020, for more information.

 

The Company is advancing on three value-creation tracks:

 

·Strengthening its balance sheet by expanding near-term production to 15,000 - 20,000 oz. of gold per year from the processing of oxide material from an expanded oxide plant;
·Advancing the Final Feasibility Study for a stand-alone sulphide treating plant that is substantially larger than previously modelled and targeting significant annual gold production; and
·Continuing with a drilling program to further test the potential of its property, Exploration Targets and Mineral Resource base by: (i) identifying new prospects; (ii) drilling new oxide/sulphide targets; (iii) infill drilling to upgrade Mineral Resources currently in the Inferred category; and (iv) a step-out drilling program in the Northeast & South Extensions.

 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form F-3 under the Securities Act, with respect to the securities covered by this prospectus. This prospectus, which is a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement or the exhibits and schedules filed therewith. For further information with respect to us and the securities covered by this prospectus, please see the registration statement and the exhibits filed with the registration statement. The SEC also maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC. The address of the website is http://www.sec.gov.

 

We are subject to the information and periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and, in accordance therewith, we file certain reports and other information with the SEC. Such reports and other information are available at the website of the SEC referred to above. We maintain a website at http://www.tangoldcorp.com. You may access our Annual Report on Form 20-F and other reports that we file pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act with the SEC free of charge at our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Our website and the information contained on that site, or connected to that site, are not incorporated into and are not a part of this prospectus.

 

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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE

 

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information we incorporate by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and certain information that we will later file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below as well as certain filings made with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), or 15(d) of the Exchange Act from the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of this registration statement, and any filings made after the date of this prospectus until we sell all of the securities under this prospectus, except that we do not incorporate any document or portion of a document that was furnished and deemed by the rules of the SEC not to have been filed:

 

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus and information we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. The documents we are incorporating by reference as of their respective dates of filing are:

 

  Our Registration Statement of common shares pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 on Form 8-A;
  Our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on December 2, 2020; as amended pursuant to Annual Report on Form 20-F/A filed with the SEC on February 9, 2021;
  Our Form 6-K for December 2020, filed with the SEC on December 2, 2020, regarding appointment of our new Chief Executive Officer;
  Form 6-K for December 2020, filed with the SEC on December 21, 2020 regarding the sale of our common shares and warrants in a registered direct offering;
  Form 6-K for January 2021, filed with the SEC on January 8, 2021, regarding update on Buckreef Gold Project;
  Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 to our Form 6-K for January 2021, filed with the SEC on January 15, 2021, regarding Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements for the three months November 30, 2020 and 2019 and Management Discussion and Analysis, as amended by our Form 6-K/A filed with the SEC on February 9, 2021;
  Our Form 6-K for January 2021 filed with the SEC on January 21, 2021, regarding resignation of one of our directors and change in committee;
  Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 to our Form 6-K for January 2021 filed with the SEC on January 26, 2021, containing our Notice of Meeting and Management Information Circular related to our Annual General and Special Meeting to be held on February 25, 2021;
  Exhibits 4.1, 4.2 and 10.1 of our Form 6-K for February 2021 filed with the SEC on February 9, 2021, regarding the announcement of our sale of common shares in a registered direct offering and warrants in a private placement;
  Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 to our Form 6-K for February 2021 filed with the SEC on February 25, 2021, regarding certain results at the Buckreef Gold Project and Exploration Target Clarification;
  Exhibit 99.1 March 2021 filed with the SEC on March 4, 2021, regarding senior management changes at the Buckreef Gold Project;

 

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  Exhibit 99.1 March 2021 filed with the SEC on March 17, 2021, regarding the appointment of Shubo Rakhit as Director;
  Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 to our Form 6-K for April 2021, filed with the SEC on April 15, 2021, regarding Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements for the six months February 28, 2021 and 2020 and Management Discussion and Analysis; and
  Our Form 6-K for April 2021, filed with the SEC on April 23, 2021, regarding our Chief Financial Officer.

 

All subsequent annual reports on Form 20-F filed by us and all subsequent reports on Form 6-K filed by us that are identified by us as being incorporated by reference shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and deemed to be a part hereof after the date of this prospectus but before the termination of the offering by this prospectus.

 

Any statement contained in a document incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for all purposes to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus, or in any other subsequently filed document which is also incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.

 

Each person, including any beneficial owner to whom this prospectus is delivered, may request, orally or in writing, a copy of these documents, which will be provided at no cost, by contacting:

 

Corporate Secretary

Tanzanian Gold Corporation

#202, 5226 Larch Street

Vancouver, British Columbia

Canada V6M 4E1

Telephone number: (844) 364-1830

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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RISK FACTORS

 

Investment in our securities involves risks. Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should consider carefully the risk factors discussed below and those contained in “Part I. Item 3. Key Information- D. Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2020, as amended, as filed with the SEC which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, as well as any amendment or update to our risk factors reflected in subsequent filings with the SEC. If any of the risks or uncertainties described in our SEC filings actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be materially and adversely affected. This could cause the trading price of our common shares to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business operations.

 

You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.

 

In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional common shares or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common shares at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in this offering. We may sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is less than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing shareholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common shares, or securities convertible or exchangeable into common shares, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by investors in this offering.

 

Sales of a significant number of our common shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress the market price of our common shares.

 

Sales of a substantial number of our common shares in the public market could depress the market price of our common shares and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We cannot predict the effect that future sales of our common shares would have on the market price of our common shares.

 

The exercise price of our outstanding warrants and options may be below market and may have the effect of suppressing the price for our common shares.

 

In connection with our prior financings and the engagement of employees and advisors, we have issued warrants and options some of which may have exercise prices that are below the current market price for our common shares. These exercise prices may have the effect of suppressing the price of our common shares until such warrants and stock options have been exercise and sold. The exercise of warrants and options into common shares and future sales may further dilute the common shares and adversely impact the price of our common shares. In addition, the sale of a substantial number of common shares on the open market could decrease the market price of our common shares and the value of your investment.

 

CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS

 

The table below sets forth our capitalization and indebtedness as of November 30, 2020:

 

  on an actual basis with 201,807,540 common shares outstanding as of November 30, 2020; and
 

on a pro forma basis giving effect to (i) the sale and issuance of 5,554,588 common shares in December 2020 pursuant to our registered direct offering for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $2,998,367, (ii) the conversion of Tranche A convertible debentures in the aggregate amount of approximately $5,718,472 for 10,318,029 common shares; and (iii) the sale and issuance of 16,461,539 common shares for aggregate gross proceeds of $21,400,000 less commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses.

 

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The amounts shown below are unaudited. The information in this table should be read in conjunction with and is qualified by reference to our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and other financial information incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

 

   As of November 30, 2020
   Actual  Pro Forma
          
   $Cdn  $US(1)  Cdn$  US$(1)
             
Total Liabilities  $17,468,259   $13,474,167   $10,055,259   $7,755,695 
                     
Authorized Capital                    
Share capital   179,765,820    138,654,701    216,643,257    167,098,540 
Share based payment reserve   3,449,269    2,660,447    3,449,269    2,660,447 
Warrants Reserve   1,033,037    796,789    1,033,037    796,789 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss   (1,299,226)   (1,002,103)   (1,299,226)   (1,002,103)
Accumulated Deficit   (150,380,774)   (115,989,799)   (150,380,774)   (115,989,799)
Equity attributable to owners of the Company   32,568,126    25,120,035    69,445,563    53,563,874 
Non-controlling interests   (1,046,590)   (807,243)   (1,046,590)   (807,243)
Total Shareholder’s Equity  $31,521,536   $24,312,793   $68,398,973   $52,756,632 

 

(1)       Based on an exchange rate (Bank of Canada) of Cdn$1.2965 for US$1.00 as of November 30, 2020.

 

MARKET FOR OUR COMMON SHARES

 

The common shares of the Company are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “TNX”. The common shares of the Company are also listed on the NYSE American under the symbol “TRX.”

 

OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

 

We may offer debt securities, common shares, warrants to purchase common shares and/or units consisting of a combination of any or all of these securities at an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000. The warrants that we may offer will consist of warrants to purchase any of the other securities that may be sold under this prospectus. The securities offered under this prospectus may be offered separately, together, or in separate series, and in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at the time of sale. The actual per share price of the securities that we will offer pursuant hereto will depend on a number of factors that may be relevant as of the time of offer (see “Plan of Distribution” below).

 

This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities under this shelf registration, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain certain specific information about the terms of that offering, including a description of any risks related to the offering, if those terms and risks are not described in this prospectus. A prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement. The registration statement we filed with the SEC includes exhibits that provide more details on the matters discussed in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the related exhibits filed with the SEC together with additional information described under the headings “Incorporation of Certain Information By Reference” before investing in any of the securities offered.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

 

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities for capital expenditures, continued exploration, general corporate purposes and working capital.

 

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

We may sell the securities offered by this prospectus from time to time in one or more transactions, including, without limitation:

 

·through agents;

·to or through underwriters;

·through broker-dealers (acting as agent or principal);

·directly by us to purchasers (including our affiliates and shareholders), through a specific bidding or auction process, a rights offering, or other method;

·through a combination of any such methods of sale; or

·through any other methods described in a prospectus supplement.

 

The distribution of securities may be effected, from time to time, in one or more transactions, including:

 

·block transactions (which may involve crosses) and transactions on the NYSE American or Toronto Stock Exchange or any other organized market where the securities may be traded;

·purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its own account pursuant to a prospectus supplement;

·ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which a broker-dealer solicits purchasers;

·sales “at the market” to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market, on an exchange or otherwise;

·directly to a purchaser pursuant to an “equity line of credit”; and

·sales in other ways not involving market makers or established trading markets, including direct sales to purchasers.

 

The securities may be sold at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices relating to the prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. The consideration may be cash, debt or another form negotiated by the parties. Agents, underwriters or broker-dealers may be paid compensation for offering and selling the securities. That compensation may be in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions to be received from us or from the purchasers of the securities. Dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and compensation received by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. If such dealers or agents were deemed to be underwriters, they may be subject to statutory liabilities under the Securities Act.

 

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We may also make direct sales through subscription rights distributed to our existing shareholders on a pro rata basis, which may or may not be transferable. In any distribution of subscription rights to our shareholders, if all of the underlying securities are not subscribed for, we may then sell the unsubscribed securities directly to third parties or may engage the services of one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, including standby underwriters, to sell the unsubscribed securities to third parties.

 

Some or all of the securities that we offer through this prospectus may be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters to whom we sell our securities for public offering and sale may make a market in those securities, but they will not be obligated to do so and they may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. Accordingly, we cannot assure you of the liquidity of, or continued trading markets for, any securities that we offer.

 

Agents may, from time to time, solicit offers to purchase the securities. If required, we will name in the applicable prospectus supplement, document incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus, as applicable, any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities and set forth any compensation payable to the agent. Unless otherwise indicated, any agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment. Any agent selling the securities covered by this prospectus may be deemed to be an underwriter of the securities.

 

If underwriters are used in an offering, securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold, from time to time, in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or under delayed delivery contracts or other contractual commitments. Securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. If an underwriter or underwriters are used in the sale of securities, an underwriting agreement will be executed with the underwriter or underwriters at the time an agreement for the sale is reached. The applicable prospectus supplement will set forth the managing underwriter or underwriters, as well as any other underwriter or underwriters, with respect to a particular underwritten offering of securities, and will set forth the terms of the transactions, including compensation of the underwriters and dealers and the public offering price, if applicable. This prospectus, the applicable prospectus supplement and any applicable free writing prospectus will be used by the underwriters to resell the securities.

 

If a dealer is used in the sale of the securities, we, or an underwriter, will sell the securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale. To the extent required, we will set forth in the prospectus supplement, document incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus, as applicable, the name of the dealer and the terms of the transactions.

 

We may directly solicit offers to purchase the securities and may make sales of securities directly to institutional investors or others. These persons may be deemed to be underwriters with respect to any resale of the securities. To the extent required, the prospectus supplement, document incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus, as applicable, will describe the terms of any such sales, including the terms of any bidding or auction process, if used.

 

Agents, underwriters and dealers may be entitled under agreements which may be entered into with us to indemnification by us against specified liabilities, including liabilities incurred under the Securities Act, or to contribution by us to payments they may be required to make in respect of such liabilities. If required, the prospectus supplement, document incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus, as applicable, will describe the terms and conditions of such indemnification or contribution. Some of the agents, underwriters or dealers, or their affiliates may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us or our subsidiaries or affiliates in the ordinary course of business.

 

Under the securities laws of some states, the securities offered by this prospectus may be sold in those states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers.

 

Any person participating in the distribution of securities registered under the registration statement that includes this prospectus will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act, and the applicable SEC rules and regulations, including, among others, Regulation M, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of our securities by any such person. Furthermore, Regulation M may restrict the ability of any person engaged in the distribution of our securities to engage in market-making activities with respect to our securities.

 

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These restrictions may affect the marketability of our securities and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to our securities.

 

Certain persons participating in an offering may engage in over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short-covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the offered securities. If any such activities will occur, they will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

If more than ten percent (10%) of the net proceeds of any offering of securities made under this prospectus will be received by Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) members participating in the offering or affiliates or associated persons of such FINRA members, the offering will be conducted in accordance with FINRA Conduct Rule 5110(h).

 

To the extent required, this prospectus may be amended or supplemented from time to time to describe a specific plan of distribution.

 

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER

 

We may offer, from time to time, our debt securities, common shares and warrants to purchase common shares, either individually or in units in amounts we will determine from time to time, under this prospectus at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of offering. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. See “Description of Debt Securities”, “Description of Common Shares”, “Description of Warrants”, and “Description of Units” below. Each time we offer a type or series of securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific amounts, prices and other important terms of the securities, including, to the extent applicable:

 

·designation or classification;

·aggregate offering price;

·voting or other rights, if any; and

·important federal income tax considerations.

 

The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus also may supplement, or, as applicable, add, update or change information contained in this prospectus or in documents we have incorporated by reference. However, no prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus will offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

 

The terms of any particular offering, the offering price and the net proceeds to us will be contained in the prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus relating to such offering.

 

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

 

As used in this prospectus, debt securities means the debentures, notes, bonds and other evidences of indebtedness that we may issue from time to time. Debt securities offered by this prospectus may also be designated either senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. Senior debt securities may be issued under a “Senior Indenture” and subordinated debt securities may be issued under a “Subordinated Indenture.” This prospectus sometimes refers to the Senior Indenture and the Subordinated Indenture collectively as the “Indentures.”

 

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The form of Senior Indenture and the form of the Subordinated Indenture are filed as exhibits to the registration statement. The statements and descriptions in this prospectus or in any prospectus supplement regarding provisions of the Indentures and debt securities are summaries thereof, do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the Indentures and debt securities, including the definitions therein of certain terms.

 

General

 

Debt securities will be our direct unsecured obligations. Senior debt securities will rank equally with all of our other senior and unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of our present and future senior indebtedness.

 

Because we are primarily a holding company for our interest in Tanzania, our right to participate in any distribution of assets of our subsidiaries, upon such subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization or otherwise, is subject to the prior claims of creditors of the subsidiary, except to the extent we may be recognized as a creditor of that subsidiary. Accordingly, our obligations under debt securities will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and liabilities of our subsidiaries, and holders of debt securities should look only to our assets for payment thereunder.

 

The Indentures do not limit the aggregate principal amount of debt securities that we may issue and provide that we may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series, in each case with the same or various maturities, at par or at a discount. We may issue additional debt securities of a particular series without the consent of the holders of debt securities of such series outstanding at the time of the issuance. Any such additional debt securities, together with all other outstanding debt securities of that series, will constitute a single series of debt securities under the applicable Indenture. The Indentures also do not limit our ability to incur other debt, except as described under “Restrictive Covenants” herein.

 

Each prospectus supplement will describe the terms relating to the specific series of debt securities being offered. These terms will include some or all of the following:

 

the title of debt securities and whether they are subordinated debt securities or senior debt securities;

 

any limit on the aggregate principal amount of such debt securities;

 

the price or prices at which we will sell such debt securities;

 

the maturity date or dates of such debt securities;

 

the rate or rates of interest, if any, which may be fixed or variable, at which such debt securities will bear interest, or the method of determining such rate or rates, if any;

 

the date or dates from which any interest will accrue or the method by which such date or dates will be determined;

 

the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of any such deferral period, including the maximum consecutive period during which interest payment periods may be extended;

 

whether the amount of payments of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt securities may be determined with reference to any index, formula or other method, such as one or more currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices, and the manner of determining the amount of such payments;

 

the dates on which we will pay interest on such debt securities and the regular record date for determining who is entitled to the interest payable on any interest payment date;

 

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whether the debt securities will be secured or unsecured;

 

the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such debt securities will be payable;

 

if we possess the option to do so, the periods within which and the prices at which we may redeem such debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to optional redemption provisions, and the other terms and conditions of any such provisions;

 

our obligation, if any, to redeem, repay or purchase such debt securities by making periodic payments to a sinking fund or through an analogous provision or at the option of holders of the debt securities, and the period or periods within which and the price or prices at which we will redeem, repay or purchase such debt securities, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and the other terms and conditions of such obligation;

 

the denominations in which such debt securities will be issued, if other than denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000;

 

the portion, or methods of determining the portion, of the principal amount of such debt securities which we must pay upon the acceleration of the maturity of the debt securities in connection with an Event of Default (as described below), if other than the full principal amount;

 

the currency, currencies or currency unit in which we will pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest, if any, on such debt securities, if not United States dollars;

 

provisions, if any, granting special rights to holders of such debt securities upon the occurrence of specified events;

 

any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events of Default or our covenants with respect to the applicable series of debt securities, and whether or not such Events of Default or covenants are consistent with those contained in the applicable Indenture;

 

the application, if any, of the terms of the Indentures relating to defeasance and covenant defeasance (which terms are described below) to such debt securities;

 

whether the subordination provisions summarized below or different subordination provisions will apply to such debt securities;

 

the terms, if any, upon which the holders may convert or exchange such debt securities into or for our common shares or other securities or property;

 

whether any of such debt securities will be issued in global form and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which global debt securities may be exchanged for certificated debt securities;

 

any change in the right of the trustee or the requisite holders of such debt securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable because of an Event of Default;

 

the depositary for global or certificated debt securities;

 

any special tax implications of such debt securities;

 

any trustees, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars or other agents with respect to such debt securities; and

 

any other terms of such debt securities.

 

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Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, debt securities will not be listed on any securities exchange. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, debt securities will be issued in fully-registered form without coupons.

 

Debt securities may be sold at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount, bearing no interest or interest at a rate which at the time of issuance is below market rates. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the federal income tax consequences and special considerations applicable to any such debt securities. Debt securities may also be issued as indexed securities or securities denominated in foreign currencies, currency units or composite currencies, as described in more detail in the prospectus supplement relating to any of the particular debt securities. The prospectus supplement relating to specific debt securities will also describe any special considerations and certain additional tax considerations applicable to such debt securities.

 

Subordination

 

The prospectus supplement relating to any offering of subordinated debt securities will describe the specific subordination provisions. However, unless otherwise noted in the prospectus supplement, subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of our Senior Indebtedness, to the extent and in the manner set forth in the Subordinated Indenture.

 

Under the Subordinated Indenture, “Senior Indebtedness” means all of our obligations in respect of any of the following, whether outstanding at the date of execution of the Subordinated Indenture or thereafter incurred or created:

 

the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest due on our indebtedness for borrowed money;

 

all obligations guaranteed by us for the repayment of borrowed money, whether or not evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other written instruments;

 

all obligations guaranteed by us evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar written instruments, including obligations assumed or incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, assets or businesses (provided, however, that the deferred purchase price of any other business or property or assets shall not be considered indebtedness if the purchase price thereof is payable in full within 90 days from the date on which such indebtedness was created);

 

any obligations of our as lessee under leases required to be capitalized on the balance sheet of the lessee under generally accepted accounting principles;

 

all of our obligations for the reimbursement on any letter of credit, banker’s acceptance, security purchase facility or similar credit transaction;

 

all of our obligations in respect of interest rate swap, cap or other agreements, interest rate future or options contracts, currency swap agreements, currency future or option contracts and other similar agreements;

 

all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons for the payment of which we are responsible or liable as obligor, guarantor or otherwise; and

 

all obligations of the types referred to above of other persons secured by any lien on any of our property or assets (whether or not such obligation is assumed by us).

 

Senior Indebtedness does not include:

 

indebtedness or monetary obligations to trade creditors created or assumed by us in the ordinary course of business in connection with the obtaining of materials or services;

 

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indebtedness that is by its terms subordinated to or ranks equal with the subordinated debt securities; and

 

any indebtedness of ours to our affiliates (including all debt securities and guarantees in respect of those debt securities issued to any trust, partnership or other entity affiliated with us that is a financing vehicle of ours in connection with the issuance by such financing entity of securities guaranteed by us) unless otherwise expressly provided in the terms of any such indebtedness.

 

Senior Indebtedness shall continue to be Senior Indebtedness and be entitled to the benefits of the subordination provisions irrespective of any amendment, modification or waiver of any term of such Senior Indebtedness.

 

Unless otherwise noted in the accompanying prospectus supplement, if we default in the payment of any principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Senior Indebtedness when it becomes due and payable, whether at maturity or at a date fixed for prepayment or by declaration or otherwise, then, unless and until such default is cured or waived or ceases to exist, we will make no direct or indirect payment (in cash, property, securities, by set-off or otherwise) in respect of the principal of or interest on the subordinated debt securities or in respect of any redemption, retirement, purchase or other requisition of any of the subordinated debt securities.

 

In the event of the acceleration of the maturity of any subordinated debt securities, the holders of all senior debt securities outstanding at the time of such acceleration will first be entitled to receive payment in full of all amounts due on senior debt securities before the holders of subordinated debt securities will be entitled to receive any payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest on the subordinated debt securities.

 

If any of the following events occurs, we will pay in full all Senior Indebtedness before it makes any payment or distribution under subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, to any holder of subordinated debt securities:

 

any dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization of ours, whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency or receivership;

 

any general assignment by us for the benefit of creditors; or

 

any other marshaling of our assets or liabilities.

 

In such event, any payment or distribution under subordinated debt securities, whether in cash, securities or other property, which would otherwise (but for the subordination provisions) be payable or deliverable in respect of such subordinated debt securities, will be paid or delivered directly to the holders of Senior Indebtedness in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders until all Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full. If any payment or distribution under subordinated debt securities is received by the trustee of any subordinated debt securities in contravention of any of the terms of the Subordinated Indenture and before all the Senior Indebtedness has been paid in full, such payment or distribution or security will be received in trust for the benefit of, and paid over or delivered and transferred to, the holders of Senior Indebtedness at the time outstanding in accordance with the priorities then existing among such holders for application to the payment of all Senior Indebtedness remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to pay all such Senior Indebtedness in full.

 

The Subordinated Indenture does not limit the issuance of additional Senior Indebtedness.

 

If subordinated debt securities are issued to a trust in connection with the issuance of trust preferred securities, such subordinated debt securities may thereafter be distributed pro rata to the holders of such trust securities in connection with the dissolution of such trust upon the occurrence of certain events described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

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Restrictive Covenants

 

Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, the following restrictive covenant may apply to each series of senior debt securities which may be similar to other financings by comparable companies:

 

Consolidation, Merger, Sale of Assets and Other Transactions

 

We may not (i) merge with or into or consolidate with another person or sell, assign, transfer, lease or convey all or substantially all of its properties and assets to, any other person other than a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of ours, and (ii) no person may merge with or into or consolidate with us or, except for any direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of ours, sell, assign, transfer, lease or convey all or substantially all of its properties and assets to us unless:

 

we are the surviving corporation or the person formed by or surviving such merger or consolidation or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease or conveyance has been made, if other than us, has expressly assumed by supplemental indenture all the obligations of ours under such debt securities, the Indentures and any guarantees of preferred securities or common securities issued by certain trusts;

 

immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing; and

 

we deliver to the trustee an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that the supplemental indenture complies with the applicable Indenture.

 

Events of Default, Notice and Waiver

 

Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, the following shall constitute “Events of Default” under the Indentures with respect to each series of debt securities:

 

our failure to pay any interest on any debt security of such series when due and payable for a period of up to 90 days;

 

our failure to pay principal (or premium, if any) on any debt security of such series when due, regardless of whether such payment became due because of maturity, redemption, acceleration or otherwise, or is required by any sinking fund established with respect to such series;

 

our failure to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to such debt securities for period of 90 days after it receives notice of such failure;

 

certain defaults with respect to our debt (other than such debt securities or non-recourse debt) in any aggregate principal amount of $100 million consisting of the failure to make any payment at maturity or that results in acceleration of the maturity of such debt; and

 

certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of ours.

 

If an Event of Default with respect to any debt securities of any series outstanding under either of the Indentures shall occur and be continuing, the trustee under such Indenture or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series outstanding may declare, by notice as provided in the applicable Indenture, the principal amount (or such lesser amount as may be provided for in the debt securities of that series) of the debt securities of that series outstanding to be due and payable immediately; provided that, in the case of an Event of Default involving certain events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, acceleration is automatic; and, provided further, that after such acceleration, but before a judgment or decree based on acceleration, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may, under certain circumstances, rescind and annul such acceleration if all Events of Default, other than the nonpayment of accelerated principal, have been cured or waived.

 

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Upon the acceleration of the maturity of original issue discount securities, an amount less than the principal amount thereof will become due and payable.

 

Reference is made to the prospectus supplement relating to any original issue discount securities for the particular provisions relating to acceleration of maturity thereof. Any past default under either Indenture with respect to debt securities of any series, and any Event of Default arising therefrom, may be waived by the holders of a majority in principal amount of all debt securities of such series outstanding under such Indenture, except in the case of (i) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any debt securities of such series or (ii) default in respect of a covenant or provision which may not be amended or modified without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of such series affected.

 

The trustee is required, within 90 days after the occurrence of a default (which is known to the trustee and is continuing), with respect to the debt securities of any series (without regard to any grace period or notice requirements), to give to the holders of debt securities of such series notice of such default; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest, or in the payment of any sinking fund installment, on any debt securities of such series, the trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if it in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the holders of debt securities of such series.

 

The trustee, subject to its duties during default to act with the required standard of care, may require indemnification by the holders of debt securities of any series with respect to which a default has occurred before proceeding to exercise any right or power under the Indentures at the request of the holders of debt securities of such series. Subject to such right of indemnification and to certain other limitations, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series under either Indenture may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee with respect to debt securities of such series.

 

No holder of a debt security of any series may institute any action against us under either of the Indentures (except actions for payment of overdue principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt security or for the conversion or exchange of such debt security in accordance with its terms) unless (i) the holder has given to the trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof with respect to debt securities of such series specifying an Event of Default, as required under the applicable Indenture, (ii) the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of debt securities of that series then outstanding under such Indenture shall have requested the trustee to institute such action and offered to the trustee indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request and (iii) the trustee shall not have instituted such action within 60 days of such request.

 

We are required to furnish annually to the trustee statements as to its compliance with all conditions and covenants under each Indenture.

 

Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance

 

If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may discharge or defease its obligations under each Indenture as set forth below.

 

We may discharge certain obligations to holders of any series of debt securities issued under either the Senior Indenture or the Subordinated Indenture which have not already been delivered to the trustee for cancellation and which have either become due and payable or are by their terms due and payable within one year (or scheduled for redemption within one year) by irrevocably depositing with the trustee cash or, in the case of debt securities payable only in U.S. dollars, U.S. Government Obligations (as defined in either Indenture), as trust funds in an amount certified to be sufficient to pay when due, whether at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise, the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such debt securities.

 

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If indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may elect either (i) to defease and be discharged from any and all obligations with respect to debt securities of or within any series (except as otherwise provided in the relevant Indenture) (“defeasance”) or (ii) to be released from its obligations with respect to certain covenants applicable to debt securities of or within any series (“covenant defeasance”), upon the deposit with the relevant Indenture trustee, in trust for such purpose, of money and/or government obligations which through the payment of principal and interest in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient, without reinvestment, to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such debt securities to maturity or redemption, as the case may be, and any mandatory sinking fund or analogous payments thereon. As a condition to defeasance or covenant defeasance, we must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the effect that the holders of such debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance or covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance or covenant defeasance had not occurred. Such opinion of counsel, in the case of defeasance under clause (i) above, must refer to and be based upon a ruling of the Internal Revenue Service or a change in applicable federal income tax law occurring after the date of the relevant Indenture. In addition, in the case of either defeasance or covenant defeasance, we shall have delivered to the trustee (i) an officers’ certificate to the effect that the relevant debt securities exchange(s) have informed it that neither such debt securities nor any other debt securities of the same series, if then listed on any securities exchange, will be delisted as a result of such deposit and (ii) an officers’ certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent with respect to such defeasance or covenant defeasance have been complied with. We may exercise its defeasance option with respect to such debt securities notwithstanding its prior exercise of its covenant defeasance option.

 

Modification and Waiver

 

Under the Indentures, we and the applicable trustee may supplement the Indentures for certain purposes which would not materially adversely affect the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities of a series without the consent of those holders. We and the applicable trustee may also modify the Indentures or any supplemental indenture in a manner that affects the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities with the consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each affected series issued under the Indenture. However, the Indentures require the consent of each holder of debt securities that would be affected by any modification which would:

 

extend the fixed maturity of any debt securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof;

 

reduce the amount of principal of an original issue discount debt security or any other debt security payable upon acceleration of the maturity thereof;

 

change the currency in which any debt security or any premium or interest is payable;

 

impair the right to institute suit for any payment on or with respect to any debt security;

 

reduce the percentage in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of any series, the consent of whose holders is required for modification or amendment of the Indentures or for waiver of compliance with certain provisions of the Indentures or for waiver of certain defaults;

 

reduce the requirements contained in the Indentures for quorum or voting; or

 

modify any of the above provisions.

 

If subordinated debt securities are held by a trust or a trustee of a trust, a supplemental indenture that affects the interests or rights of the holders of debt securities will not be effective until the holders of not less than a majority in liquidation preference of the common securities of the applicable trust, collectively, have consented to the supplemental indenture; provided, further, that if the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security is required, the supplemental indenture will not be effective until each holder of the preferred securities and the common securities of the applicable trust has consented to the supplemental indenture.

 

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The Indentures permit the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series issued under the Indentures which is affected by the modification or amendment to waive our compliance with certain covenants contained in the Indentures.

 

Payment and Paying Agents

 

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, payment of interest on a debt security on any interest payment date will be made to the person in whose name a debt security is registered at the close of business on the record date for the interest.

 

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, principal, interest and premium on the debt securities of a particular series will be payable at the office of such paying agent or paying agents as we may designate for such purpose from time to time.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, at our option, payment of any interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the person entitled thereto as such address appears in the security register.

 

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, a paying agent designated by us and located in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York will act as paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series. All paying agents initially designated by us for debt securities of a particular series will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. We may at any time designate additional paying agents or rescind the designation of any paying agent or approve a change in the office through which any paying agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for debt securities of a particular series.

 

All moneys paid by us to a paying agent for the payment of the principal, interest or premium on any debt security which remain unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, interest or premium has become due and payable will be repaid to us upon request, and the holder of such debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.

 

Denominations, Registrations and Transfer

 

Unless an accompanying prospectus supplement states otherwise, debt securities will be represented by one or more global certificates registered in the name of a nominee for The Depository Trust Company, or DTC. In such case, each holder’s beneficial interest in the global securities will be shown on the records of DTC and transfers of beneficial interests will only be effected through DTC’s records.

 

A holder of debt securities may only exchange a beneficial interest in a global security for certificated securities registered in the holder’s name if:

 

DTC notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue serving as the depositary for the relevant global securities;

 

DTC ceases to maintain certain qualifications under the Exchange Act and no successor depositary has been appointed for 90 days; or

 

we determine, in our sole discretion, that the global security shall be exchangeable.

 

If debt securities are issued in certificated form, they will only be issued in the minimum denomination specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement and integral multiples of such denomination. Transfers and exchanges of such debt securities will only be permitted in such minimum denomination. Transfers of debt securities in certificated form may be registered at the trustee’s corporate office or at the offices of any paying agent or trustee appointed by us under the Indentures. Exchanges of debt securities for an equal aggregate principal amount of debt securities in different denominations may also be made at such locations.

 

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Governing Law

 

The Senior Indenture, the Subordinated Indenture and debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to its principles of conflicts of laws.

 

Conversion or Exchange Rights

 

The prospectus supplement will describe the terms, if any, on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common shares or other debt securities. These terms will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. These provisions may allow or require the number of our common shares or other securities to be received by the holders of such series of debt securities to be adjusted.

 

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON SHARES

 

The description below of our capital shares is a summary and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our Articles of Incorporation (“Articles”). For a complete description, you should refer to our Articles a copy of which is on file with the SEC.

 

Our Articles authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of common shares, without par value.

 

Each holder of common shares is entitled to one vote for each share on all matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders, except matters that relate only to one or more of the series of preferred share, and each holder does not have cumulative voting rights. Accordingly, the holders of a majority of the common shares entitled to vote in any election of directors can elect all of the directors standing for election, if they so choose.

 

Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding preferred shares, holders of common shares are entitled to receive ratably those dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the board of directors out of legally available funds. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of common shares will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to shareholders after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities and the satisfaction of any liquidation preference granted to the holders of any outstanding preferred shares.

 

Holders of common shares have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common share. All outstanding common shares are, and the common shares offered by us in this offering, when issued and paid for, will be fully paid and nonassessable. The rights, preferences and privileges of the common shares are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred shares, if any, which we may designate in the future.

 

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS

General

 

We may issue warrants to purchase common shares. We may issue the warrants independently or together with any underlying securities, and the warrants may be attached or separate from the underlying securities. We may also issue a series of warrants under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a warrant agent. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants of such series and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency for or with holders or beneficial owners of warrants.

 

The following description is a summary of selected provisions relating to the warrants that we may issue. The summary is not complete. When warrants are offered in the future, a prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or a free writing prospectus, as applicable, will explain the particular terms of those securities and the extent to which these general provisions may apply. The specific terms of the warrants as described in a prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference, or free writing prospectus will supplement and, if applicable, may modify or replace the general terms described in this section.

 

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This summary and any description of warrants in the applicable prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus is subject to and is qualified in its entirety by reference to all the provisions of any specific warrant document or agreement. We will file each of these documents, as applicable, with the SEC and incorporate them by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part on or before the time we issue a series of warrants. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference” above for information on how to obtain a copy of a warrant document when it is filed.

 

When we refer to a series of warrants, we mean all warrants issued as part of the same series under the applicable warrant agreement.

 

Terms

 

The applicable prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus, may describe the terms of any warrants that we may offer, including, but not limited to, the following:

 

·the title of the warrants;

 

·the total number of warrants;

 

·the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued;

 

·the price or prices at which the warrants may be exercised;

 

·the currency or currencies that investors may use to pay for the warrants;

 

·the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and the date on which the right will expire;

 

·whether the warrants will be issued in registered form or bearer form;

 

·information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;

 

·if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of warrants that may be exercised at any one time;

 

·if applicable, the designation and terms of the underlying securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each underlying security;

 

·if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related underlying securities will be separately transferable;

 

·if applicable, a discussion of certain United States federal income tax considerations;

 

·if applicable, the terms of redemption of the warrants;

 

·the identity of the warrant agent, if any;

 

·the procedures and conditions relating to the exercise of the warrants; and

 

·any other terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures, and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants.

 

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Warrant Agreement

 

We may issue the warrants in one or more series under one or more warrant agreements, each to be entered into between us and a bank, trust company, or other financial institution as warrant agent. We may add, replace, or terminate warrant agents from time to time. We may also choose to act as our own warrant agent or may choose one of our subsidiaries to do so.

 

The warrant agent under a warrant agreement will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants issued under that agreement. Any holder of warrants may, without the consent of any other person, enforce by appropriate legal action, on its own behalf, its right to exercise those warrants in accordance with their terms.

 

Form, Exchange and Transfer

 

We may issue the warrants in registered form or bearer form. Warrants issued in registered form, i.e., book-entry form, will be represented by a global security registered in the name of a depository, which will be the holder of all the warrants represented by the global security. Those investors who own beneficial interests in a global warrant will do so through participants in the depository’s system, and the rights of these indirect owners will be governed solely by the applicable procedures of the depository and its participants. In addition, we may issue warrants in non-global form, i.e., bearer form. If any warrants are issued in non-global form, warrant certificates may be exchanged for new warrant certificates of different denominations, and holders may exchange, transfer, or exercise their warrants at the warrant agent’s office or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus.

 

Prior to the exercise of their warrants, holders of warrants exercisable for shares of common share will not have any rights of holders of common share and will not be entitled to dividend payments, if any, or voting rights of the common share.

 

Exercise of Warrants

 

A warrant will entitle the holder to purchase for cash an amount of securities at an exercise price that will be stated in, or that will be determinable as described in, the applicable prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus. Warrants may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date set forth in the applicable offering material. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void. Warrants may be redeemed as set forth in the applicable offering material.

 

Warrants may be exercised as set forth in the applicable offering material. Upon receipt of payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable offering material, we will forward, as soon as practicable, the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If less than all of the warrants represented by such warrant certificate are exercised, a new warrant certificate will be issued for the remaining warrants.

 

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS

 

We may issue units composed of any combination of our debt securities, common shares and warrants. We will issue each unit so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. As a result, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately, at any time or at any time before a specified date.

 

The following description is a summary of selected provisions relating to units that we may offer. The summary is not complete. When units are offered in the future, a prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or a free writing prospectus, as applicable, will explain the particular terms of those securities and the extent to which these general provisions may apply. The specific terms of the units as described in a prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference, or free writing prospectus will supplement and, if applicable, may modify or replace the general terms described in this section.

 

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This summary and any description of units in the applicable prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus is subject to and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the unit agreement, collateral arrangements and depositary arrangements, if applicable. We will file each of these documents, as applicable, with the SEC and incorporate them by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part on or before the time we issue a series of units. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information” and “Incorporation of Certain Information by Reference” above for information on how to obtain a copy of a document when it is filed.

 

The applicable prospectus supplement, information incorporated by reference or free writing prospectus may describe:

 

·the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;

 

·any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer, or exchange of the units or of the securities composing the units;

 

·whether the units will be issued in fully registered or global form; and

 

·any other terms of the units.

 

The applicable provisions described in this section, as well as those described under “Description of Common Shares” and “Description of Warrants” above, will apply to each unit and to each security included in each unit, respectively.

 

COMPARISON OF ALBERTA AND DELAWARE CORPORATE LAW
COMPARISON OF SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS

 

The Company is a corporation governed by the Business Corporations Act (Alberta) (“BCA”). The BCA differs in some material respects from the laws generally applicable to corporation in states within the United States. We are providing the following discussion, for illustration purposes only, a summary of certain material differences affecting Delaware corporations under the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) and the BCA. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the DGCL, the BCA, and the Company’s articles.

 

  Delaware Business Corporations Act (Alberta)
Stockholder/
Shareholder Approval
of Business
Combinations;
Fundamental Changes
Under the DGCL, certain fundamental changes, such as amendments to the certificate of incorporation, a merger, consolidation, sale, lease, exchange or other disposition of all or substantially all of the property of a corporation not in the usual and regular course of the corporation’s business, or a dissolution of the corporation, are generally required to be approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on the matter, unless a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or the bylaws require a higher percentage. Under the BCA and the Company’s articles, certain alterations, such as changes to authorized share structure, continuances, into or out of province, certain amalgamations, sales, leases or other dispositions of all or substantially all of the property of the company (other than in the ordinary course of business) liquidations, dissolutions, and certain arrangements are required to be approved by ordinary or special resolution as applicable.

 

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  Delaware Business Corporations Act (Alberta)
 

However, generally under the DGCL, stockholder approval is not required if the number of shares of common stock, including securities convertible into common stock, of a corporation issued in a merger does not exceed 20% of its stock outstanding immediately prior to the effective date of the merger. In certain situations, the approval of a business combination may require approval by a certain number of the holders of a class or series of shares. In addition, Section 251(h) of the DGCL provides that stockholders of a constituent corporation need not vote to approve a merger if: (i) the merger agreement permits or requires the merger to be effected under Section 251(h) and provides that the merger shall be effected as soon as practicable following the tender offer or exchange offer, (ii) a corporation consummates a tender or exchange offer for any and all of the outstanding stock of such constituent corporation that would otherwise be entitled to vote to approve the merger, (iii) immediately following the consummation of the offer, the stock accepted for purchase or exchanges plus the stock owned by the consummating corporation equals at least the percentage of stock that would be required to adopt the agreement of merger under the DGCL, (iv) the corporation consummating the offer merges with or into such constituent corporation and (v) each outstanding share of each class or series of stock of the constituent corporation that was the subject of and not irrevocably accepted for purchase or exchange in the offer is to be converted in the merger into, or the right to receive, the same consideration to be paid for the shares of such class or series of stock of the constituent corporation irrevocably purchased or exchanged in such offer.

The DGCL does not contain a procedure comparable to a plan of arrangement under BCA.

An ordinary resolution is a resolution (i) passed at a shareholders’ meeting by a simple majority of the votes cast by shareholders voting shares that carry the right to vote at general meetings, or (ii) passed, after being submitted to all of the shareholders holding shares that carry the right to vote at general meetings, by being consented to in writing all of the shareholders entitled to vote on the resolution.

 

A special resolution is a resolution (i) passed by not less than two-thirds of the votes cast by the shareholders voting shares that carry the right to vote at general meetings who voted in respect of the resolution at a meeting duly called and held for that purpose or (ii) passed by being consented to in writing by all shareholders entitled to vote on the resolution.

 

Holders of multiple voting shares and subordinate voting shares vote together at all meetings of shareholders except meetings at which only holders of a particular class are entitled to vote.

 

Under the BCA, an action that prejudices or interferes with a right or special right attached to issued shares of a class or series of shares must be approved by a separate special resolution of the holders of the class or series of shares being affected.

 

Arrangements are permitted under the BCA. In general, a plan of arrangement is approved by a corporation’s board of directors and then is submitted to a court for approval. It is customary for a corporation in such circumstances to apply to a court initially for an interim order governing various procedural matters prior to calling any security holder meeting to consider the proposed arrangement. Plans of arrangement involving shareholders must be approved by a special resolution of shareholders, including holders of shares not normally entitled to vote. The court may, in respect of an arrangement proposed with persons other than shareholders and creditors, require that those persons approve the arrangement in the manner and to the extent required by the court. The court determines, among other things, to whom notice shall be given and whether, and in what manner, approval of any person is to be obtained and also determines whether any shareholders may dissent from the proposed arrangement and receive payment of the fair value of their shares. Following compliance with the procedural steps contemplated in any such interim order (including as to obtaining security holder approval), the court would conduct a final hearing, which would, among other things, assess the fairness of the arrangement and approve or reject the proposed arrangement.

 

The BCA does not contain a provision comparable to Section 251(h) of the DGCL.

 

 23 

 

  Delaware Business Corporations Act (Alberta)
Special Vote Required
for Combinations with
Interested
Stockholders/
Shareholders

Unless a Delaware corporation’s certificate of incorporation provides that it elects not to be governed by Section 203 of the DGCL, a Delaware corporation may not engage in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the time of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless (i) the board of directors of the corporation, prior to the time of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, approves either the business combination or the transaction in which the stockholder becomes an interested stockholder; (ii) upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced (excluding shares owned by directors and officers of the corporation and shares held in certain types of employee stock plans); or (iii) the board of directors and the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock not owned by the interested stockholder approve the business combination on or after the time of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder.

 

For purposes of Section 203, the DGCL, subject to specified exceptions, generally defines an interested stockholder to include any person who, together with that person’s affiliates or associates, (i) owns 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation (including any rights to acquire stock pursuant to an option, warrant, agreement, arrangement or understanding, or upon the exercise of conversion or exchange rights, and stock with respect to which the person has voting rights only), or (ii) is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and owned 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation at any time within the previous three years.

The BCA does not contain a provision comparable to Section 203 of the DGCL with respect to business combinations.

 

 24 

 

  Delaware Business Corporations Act (Alberta)
Appraisal Rights;
Rights to Dissent

Under the DGCL, a stockholder of a corporation participating in some types of major corporate transactions may, under varying circumstances, be entitled to appraisal rights pursuant to which the stockholder may receive cash in the amount of the fair market value of his or her shares in lieu of the consideration he or she would otherwise receive in the transaction.

 

For example, a stockholder is entitled to appraisal rights in the case of a merger or consolidation if the shareholder is required to accept in exchange for the shares anything other than: (i) shares of stock of the corporation surviving or resulting from the merger or consolidation, or depository receipts in respect thereof; (ii) shares of any other corporation, or depository receipts in respect thereof, that on the effective date of the merger or consolidation will be either listed on a national securities exchange or held of record by more than 2,000 shareholders; (iii) cash instead of fractional shares of the corporation or fractional depository receipts of the corporation; or (iv) any combination of the foregoing.

The BCA provides that shareholders of a corporation are entitled to exercise dissent rights in respect of certain matters and to be paid the fair value of their shares in connection therewith. The dissent right is applicable where the corporation resolves to (i) alter its articles to alter the restrictions on the powers of the corporation or on the business it is permitted to carry on; (ii) approve certain amalgamations; (iii) approve an arrangement, where the terms of the arrangement or court orders relating thereto permit dissent; (iv) sell, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its property; or (v) continue the corporation into another jurisdiction.

 

Dissent may also be permitted if authorized by resolution. A court may also make an order permitting a shareholder to dissent in certain circumstances.

Stockholder/
Shareholder Consent
to Action Without
Meeting

Under the DGCL, unless otherwise provided in a corporation’s certificate of incorporation, any action that can be taken at a meeting of the stockholders may be taken without a meeting if written consent to the action is signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes necessary to authorize or take the action at a meeting of the stockholders.

 

Although it is not customary for public companies to do so, under the BCA, shareholder action without a meeting may be taken by a consent resolution of shareholders signed by all of the shareholders entitled to vote on that resolution. A consent resolution is as valid and effective as if it was a resolution passed at a meeting of shareholders.

 

 25 

 

  Delaware Business Corporations Act (Alberta)
Special Meetings of
Stockholders/
Shareholders

Under the DGCL, a special meeting of shareholders may be called by the board of directors or by such persons authorized in the certificate of incorporation or the bylaws.

 

Under the BCA, a special meeting of shareholders may be called by the board of directors.
Distributions and Dividends;
Repurchases and
Redemptions

Under the DGCL, subject to any restrictions contained in the certificate of incorporation, a corporation may pay dividends out of its capital surplus or, if there is no surplus, out of net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared or the preceding fiscal year, as long as the amount of capital of the corporation following the declaration and payment of the dividend is not less than the aggregate amount of the capital represented by issued and outstanding shares having a preference upon the distribution of assets. Surplus is defined in the DGCL as the excess of the net assets over capital, as such capital may be adjusted by the board.

 

A Delaware corporation may purchase or redeem shares of any class for cash or other property except when its capital is impaired or would be impaired by the purchase or redemption. A corporation may, however, purchase or redeem out of capital shares that are entitled, upon any distribution of its assets, to a preference over another class or series of its shares or, if no shares entitled to a preference are outstanding, any of its shares if such shares will be retired and the capital reduced.

Under the BCA, unless its charter or an enactment provides otherwise, a corporation may pay a dividend in money or other property (including by issuing shares by way of dividend) unless there are reasonable grounds for believing that the corporation is insolvent, or the payment of the dividend would render the corporation insolvent.

 

The BCA provides that no special rights or restrictions attached to a series of any class of shares confer on the series a priority in respect of dividends or return of capital over any other series of shares of the same class.

 

Under the BCA, the purchase or other acquisition by a corporation of its shares is generally subject to solvency tests similar to those applicable to the payment of dividends (as set out above). The Company is permitted, under its articles, to acquire any of its shares, subject to the special rights and restrictions attached to such class or series of shares and the approval of its board of directors.

 

Under the BCA, subject to solvency tests similar to those applicable to the payment of dividends (as set out above), a corporation may redeem, on the terms and in the manner provided in its articles, any of its shares that has a right of redemption attached to it.

Vacancies on Board of
Director
Under the DGCL, a vacancy or a newly created directorship may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining director, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws. Any newly elected director usually holds office for the remainder of the full term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders at which the term of the class of directors to which the newly elected director has been elected expires.

Under the BCA and the Company’s articles, a vacancy among the directors may be filled by a quorum of directors, except in the case of a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number of directors or from a failure to elect the minimum number of directors required by the Company’s articles.

 

If there is not a quorum of directors, or if there has been a failure to elect the minimum number of directors required by the Company’s articles, the directors then in office shall forthwith call a special meeting of shareholders to fill the vacancy and, if they fail to call a meeting or if there are no directors then in office, the meeting may be called by any shareholder.

 

Under the BCA and if permitted by a corporation’s articles, directors of the corporation may, between annual general meetings, appoint one or more additional directors to serve until the next annual general meeting, but the number of directors shall not at any time exceed 1/3 of the number of directors who held office at the expiration of the last annual meeting of the corporation.

 

 

 26 

 

  Delaware Business Corporations Act (Alberta)
Removal of Directors;
Terms of Directors

Under the DGCL, except in the case of a corporation with a classified board or with cumulative voting, any director or the entire board may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors. If a Delaware corporation has a classified board, unless its certificate of incorporation provides otherwise, any director or the entire board may only be removed by stockholders for cause.

 

The BCA provides for the removal of a director by ordinary resolution passed at a special meeting of the shareholders.

All directors are eligible for re-election or re-appointment.

Inspection of Books
and Records
Under the DGCL, any holder of record of stock or a person who is the beneficial owner of shares of such stock held either in a voting trust or by a nominee on behalf of such person has the right during usual business hours to inspect the corporation’s books and records for a proper purpose.

Under the BCA, directors and shareholders, including their agents and legal representatives, may, without charge, inspect certain of the records of a corporation.

Public corporations, upon payment of a reasonable fee, must provide any requesting person with certain information regarding the identity and holdings of its shareholders.

 

Amendment of
Governing Documents

Under the DGCL, a certificate of incorporation may be amended if: (i) the board of directors adopts a resolution setting forth the proposed amendment, declares the advisability of the amendment and directs that it be submitted to a vote at a meeting of shareholders; provided that, unless required by the certificate of incorporation, no meeting or vote is required to adopt an amendment for certain specified changes; and (ii) the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote on the matter approve the amendment, unless the certificate of incorporation requires the vote of a greater number of shares.

If a class vote on the amendment is required by the DGCL, a majority of the outstanding stock of the class is required, unless a greater proportion is specified in the certificate of incorporation or by other provisions of the DGCL.

 

Under the DGCL, the board of directors may amend a corporation’s bylaws if so authorized in the certificate of incorporation. The shareholders of a Delaware corporation also have the power to amend bylaws.

The BCA provides that substantive changes to a corporation’s articles (such as a change in the corporation’s authorized share structure or a change in the special rights or restrictions that may be attached to a certain class or series of shares) may be made only by special resolution of the shareholders of the corporation.

 

The BCA permits the directors to make amendments to any of a corporation’s bylaws that regulate the business or affairs of the corporation by resolution. Any such amendment is required to be submitted to the shareholders at the next shareholder meeting to be confirmed, rejected or amended by ordinary resolution.

 

Our articles provide that certain changes to the Company’s share structure and any creation or alteration of special rights and restrictions attached to a series or class of shares be done by way of ordinary resolution. However, if a right or special right attached to a class or series of shares would be prejudiced or interfered with by such an alteration, the BCA requires that holders of such class or series of shares must approve the alteration by a sperate special resolution of those shareholders.

 

 

 27 

 

  Delaware Business Corporations Act (Alberta)
Indemnification of
Directors and Officers

Under the DGCL, subject to specified limitations in the case of derivative suits brought by a corporation’s stockholders in its name, a corporation may indemnify any person who is made a party to any action, suit or proceeding on account of being a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation (or was serving at the request of the corporation in such capacity for another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise) against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with the action, suit or proceeding, provided that there is a determination that: (i) the individual acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation; and (ii) in a criminal action or proceeding, the individual had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.

Without court approval, however, no indemnification may be made in respect of any derivative action in which an individual is adjudged liable to the corporation, except to the extent the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity.

 

The DGCL requires indemnification of directors and officers for expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably relating to a successful defense on the merits or otherwise of a derivative or third-party action.

 

Under the DGCL, a corporation may advance expenses to any director or officer relating to the defense of any proceeding upon the receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified.

Under the BCA, a corporation may indemnify: (i) a current or former director or officer of that corporation; or (ii) a current or former director or officer of another corporation if, at the time such individual held such office, the corporation was an affiliate of the corporation, or if such individual held such office at the corporation’s request against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by him or her in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative or other legal proceeding or investigative action (whether current, threatened, pending or completed) in which he or she is involved because of that person’s position as an indemnifiable person, unless: (i) the individual did not act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of such corporation or the other entity, as the case may be; or (ii) in the case of a proceeding other than a civil proceeding, the individual did not have reasonable grounds for believing that the individual’s conduct was lawful. A corporation cannot indemnify an indemnifiable person if it is prohibited from doing so under its articles. In addition, a corporation must not indemnify an indemnifiable person in proceedings brought against the indemnifiable person by or on behalf of the corporation or an associated corporation, except where the indemnifiable person was substantially successful on the merits in their defense of the proceedings and would otherwise be entitled to indemnification. A corporation may pay, as they are incurred in advance of the final disposition of an eligible proceeding, the expenses actually and reasonably incurred by an indemnifiable person in respect of that proceeding, but if it is ultimately determined that the payment of expenses was prohibited, the indemnifiable person will repay any amounts advanced. On application from an indemnifiable person, a court may make any order the court considers appropriate in respect of an eligible proceeding.

 

As permitted by the BCA, the Company’s articles require it to indemnify its directors, officers, former directors or officers (and such individual’s respective heirs and legal representatives) and permit the Company to indemnify any person to the extent permitted by the BCA.

 

 

 28 

 

  Delaware Business Corporations Act (Alberta)
Limited Liability of
Directors
The DGCL permits the adoption of a provision in a corporation’s certificate of incorporation limiting or eliminating the monetary liability of a director to a corporation or its shareholders by reason of a director’s breach of the director’s fiduciary duties, except for (i) any breach the duty of loyalty to the corporation or its shareholders; (ii) any act or omission not in good faith or involving intentional misconduct or a known violation of law; (iii) any breach in which the director obtains an improper personal benefit from the corporation; or (iv) the unlawful payment of a dividend or the unlawful approval a stock repurchase.

Under the BCA, a director or officer of a corporation must (i) act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the corporation; (ii) exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances; (iii) act in accordance with the BCA and the regulations thereunder; and (iv) subject to (i) to (iii), act in accordance with the articles and bylaws of the corporation. These statutory duties are in addition to duties under common law and equity.

 

No provision in a contract or the articles of a company may relieve a director or officer of a company from the above duties.

 

Under the BCA, a director is not liable for certain acts if the director has otherwise complied with his or her duties and relied, in good faith, on (i) financial statements of the company represented to the director by an officer of the company or in a written report of the auditor of the company to fairly reflect the financial position of the company, (ii) a written report of a lawyer, accountant, engineer, appraiser or other person whose profession lends credibility to a statement made by that person, (iii) a statement of fact represented to the director by an officer of the company to be correct, or (iv) any record, information or representation that the court considers provides reasonable grounds for the actions of the director, whether or not that record was forged, fraudulently made or inaccurate or that information or representation was fraudulently made or inaccurate. Further, a director is not liable if the director did not know and could not reasonably have known that the act done by the director or authorized by the resolution voted for or consented to by the director was contrary to the BCA.

 

 

 

 

 29 

 

  Delaware Business Corporations Act (Alberta)
Blank Check
Preferred
Stock/Shares

Under the DGCL, the certificate of incorporation of a corporation may give the board the right to issue new classes of preferred shares with voting, conversion, dividend distribution, and other rights to be determined by the board at the time of issuance, which could prevent a takeover attempt and thereby preclude shareholders from realizing a potential premium over the market value of their shares.

 

In addition, the DGCL does not prohibit a corporation from adopting a shareholder rights plan, or “poison pill,” which could prevent a takeover attempt and also preclude shareholders from realizing a potential premium over the market value of their shares.

Under the Company’s articles, the preferred shares may be issued in one or more series. Accordingly, the Company’s board of directors is authorized, without shareholder approval, but subject to the provisions of the BCA, to determine the maximum number of shares of each series, create an identifying name for each series and attach such special rights or restrictions, including dividend, liquidation and voting rights, as the Company’s board of directors may determine, and such special rights or restrictions, including dividend, liquidation and voting rights, may be superior to those of the subordinate voting shares and multiple voting shares. The issuance of preferred shares, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of the Company and might adversely affect the market price of the Company’s subordinate voting shares and the voting and other rights of the holders of subordinate voting shares. Under the BCA, each share of a series of shares must have the same special rights or restrictions as are attached to every other share of that series of shares. In addition, the special rights or restrictions attached to shares of a series of shares must be consistent with the special rights or restrictions attached to the class of shares of which the series of shares is part.

 

In addition, the BCA does not prohibit a corporation from adopting a shareholder rights plan, or “poison pill,” which could prevent a takeover attempt and also preclude shareholders from realizing a potential premium over the market value of their shares.

 

 

 

 

 

 30 

 

CERTAIN UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

The material United States Federal income tax consequences relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of any of the securities offered by this prospectus will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to the offering of those securities.

 

EXPENSE OF THE ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION

 

The following table sets forth those expenses to be incurred by us in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered, other than underwriting discounts and commissions. All of the amounts shown are estimates, except the SEC registration fee.

 

SEC registration fee  $12,447 
Legal fees and expenses   (1)
Accounting fees and expenses   (1)
Printing and postage expenses   (1)
Miscellaneous expenses   (1)
Total   (1)

 

(1) These expenses are not presently known and cannot be estimated at this time as they are based upon the amount and type of security being offered, as well as the number of offerings. The aggregate amount of these expenses will be reflected in the applicable prospectus supplement.

 

MATERIAL CHANGES

 

Except as otherwise described in our Annual Report on Form 20-F, as amended, for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2020, as amended, and in our Reports on Form 6-K filed or submitted under the Exchange Act and incorporated by reference herein and as disclosed in this prospectus, no reportable material changes have occurred since August 31, 2020.

 

 31 

 

LISTING

 

Our common shares are listed on NYSE American and Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbols “TRX” and “TXN”.

 

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR

 

The transfer agent and registrar for our common shares is Odyssey Trust Company, Stock Exchange Tower 350, 300 5th Avenue SW, Calgary, Alberta Canada T2P 3C4; 888-290-1175.

 

LEGAL MATTERS

 

Certain legal matters in connection with the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Miller Thomson LLP, Vancouver, Canada and Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith, LLP San Francisco, California with respect to matters of United States law.

 

EXPERTS

 

The consolidated financial statements of the Company, incorporated by reference in the Company's Annual Report (Form 20-F), as amended, for the year ended August 31, 2020, have been audited by Dale Matheson Carr-Hilton Labonte LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon. Such consolidated financial statements are incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

Information relating to certain of the Company’s mineral properties in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein has been derived from reports, statements or opinions prepared or certified by Virimai Projects (Virimai) and Crundwell Metallurgy (Crundwell) and this information has been included in reliance on such company’s expertise.

 

ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

 

The enforcement by investors of civil liabilities under U.S. federal securities laws may be affected adversely by the fact that we are incorporated under the laws of the Province of Alberta, Canada, that many of our officers and directors are residents of countries other than the United States, that some of the experts named in this prospectus are residents of countries other than the United States, and that some of our assets and the assets of said persons are located outside the United States.

 

In particular, it may be difficult to bring and enforce suits against us or said persons under U.S. federal securities laws. It may be difficult for U.S. holders of our common shares to effect service of process on us or said persons within the United States or to enforce judgments obtained in the United States based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us or said persons. In addition, a shareholder should not assume that the courts of Canada (i) would enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions against us, our officers or directors, or other said persons, predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws or other laws of the United States, or (ii) would enforce, in original actions, liabilities against us, our officers or directors or other said persons predicated upon the U.S. federal securities laws or other laws of the United States.

 

32

 

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