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Income taxes	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income taxes
Income taxes	13. Income taxes Income tax expense of $109 and $143 reflects an effective tax rate of 3.7% and 357.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Income tax expense of $225 and $254 reflect effective tax rates of 1.6% and 5.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to our valuation allowance and minimum state taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. We operate within federal, state and international taxing jurisdictions and are subject to audit in these jurisdictions. These audits can involve complex issues which may require an extended period to resolve. We are subject to taxation in the United States and in various states. Our tax years 2016 and forward are subject to examination by the IRS and our tax years 2015 and forward are subject to examination by material state jurisdictions. However, due to prior year loss carryovers, the IRS and state tax authorities may examine any tax years for which the carryovers are used to offset future taxable income.

Income taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

13. Income taxes

Income tax expense of $109 and $143 reflects an effective tax rate of 3.7% and 357.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Income tax expense of $225 and $254 reflect effective tax rates of 1.6% and 5.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily due to our valuation allowance and minimum state taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

We operate within federal, state and international taxing jurisdictions and are subject to audit in these jurisdictions. These audits can involve complex issues which may require an extended period to resolve. We are subject to taxation in the United States and in various states. Our tax years 2016 and forward are subject to examination by the IRS and our tax years 2015 and forward are subject to examination by material state jurisdictions. However, due to prior year loss carryovers, the IRS and state tax authorities may examine any tax years for which the carryovers are used to offset future taxable income.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

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