Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The following table details total stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, included in the consolidated statements of operations:


(In thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Costs of sales	$	990	$	1,474	$	2,040
Operating expenses	4,467		5,531		7,782
Pre-tax stock-based compensation expense	5,457		7,005		9,822
Less: income tax effect	(1,146)		(1,471)		(2,063)
Net (after tax) stock-based compensation expense	$	4,311	$	5,534	$	7,759

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Summary of Activity Under Restricted Stock Plans

A summary of performance share award activity under the Plans for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, is as follows, based on the target award amounts set forth in the performance share award agreements:


	Shares	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Performance share awards outstanding at January 1, 2019	184,776	$	30.15
Granted	110,310	30.95
Forfeited or unearned	44,189	29.77
Performance share awards converted to restricted stock	(138,566)	29.80
Performance share awards outstanding at December 31, 2019	200,709	$	30.75
Granted	107,298	26.96
Forfeited or unearned	(35,477)	30.15
Performance share awards converted to restricted stock	(19,678)	30.15
Performance share awards outstanding at December 31, 2020	252,852	$	29.27
Granted	93,444	31.26
Forfeited or unearned	(20,373)	29.92
Vested and issued	(75,971)	30.50
Performance share awards outstanding at December 31, 2021	249,952	$	29.59