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Note 8 - Stock-based Compensation
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Notes to Financial Statements  
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]
8.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 
In
2001,
the Company established a Stock Option Plan for which
no
shares of common stock remain reserved for issuance to employees and directors and
no
shares are available for future grants as of
March 31, 2019.
 
As of
March 31, 2019,
all remaining shares in this plan have vested and
no
compensation cost remains unrecognized.
 
A summary of the activity within the
2001
Stock Option Plan follows:
 
   
Shares
   
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
               
Options outstanding at January 1, 2019
   
6,193
    $
2.95
Options exercised
   
(6,193
)
   
2.95
Options outstanding at March 31, 2019
   
-
    $
-
 
In
May 2013,
the Company established the
2013
Stock Option Plan for which
425,400
shares of common stock are reserved and
236,100
shares are available for future grants as of
March 31, 2019.
The
2013
Plan requires that the option price
may
not
be less than the fair market value of the stock at the date the option is granted, and that the stock must be paid in full at the time the option is exercised. Payment in full for the option price must be made in cash, with Company common stock previously acquired by the optionee and held by the optionee for a period of at least
six
months, in options of the Optionee that are fully vested and exercisable or in any combination of the foregoing. The options expire on dates determined by the Board of Directors, but
not
later than
ten
years from the date of grant.
 
No
options were granted during the
three
months ended
March 31, 2019.
During the
three
months ended
March 31, 2018
the Company granted options to purchase
76,000
shares of common stock. The fair value of each option was estimated on the date of grant using the following assumptions.
 
   
2018
 
Expected life of stock options (in years)
   
5.1
 
Risk free interest rate
   
2.38
%
Volatility
   
30.4
%
Dividend yields
   
1.39
%
Weighted-average fair value of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2018
  $
6.54
 
 
The Company determines the fair value of options on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model that uses assumptions based on expected option life, expected stock volatility and the risk-free interest rate. The expected volatility assumptions used by the Company are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected life of the Company’s stock options. The Company bases its expected life assumption on its historical experience and on the terms and conditions of the stock options it grants to employees. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve for the periods within the contractual life of the options in effect at the time of the grant.
 
A summary of the activity within the
2013
Plan follows:
 
   
Shares
   
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
   
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
in Years
   
Intrinsic
Value
 
Options outstanding at January 1, 2019
   
196,500
    $
13.84
     
 
     
 
 
Options exercised
   
(7,200
)
   
7.94
     
 
     
 
 
Options outstanding at March 31, 2019
   
189,300
    $
14.07
     
5.2
    $
1,766,000
 
Options exercisable at March 31, 2019
   
113,175
    $
10.27
     
4.5
    $
1,446,000
 
Expected to vest after March 31, 2019
   
67,569
    $
19.71
     
6.3
    $
320,000
 
 
As of
March 31, 2019,
there was
$408,000
of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested, share-based compensation. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of
2.4
years.
 
Compensation cost related to stock options recognized in operating results under the
2013
plan was
$50,000
and
$47,000
for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2019
and
2018,
respectively. The associated income tax benefit recognized was
$3,000
and
$5,000
for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2019
and
March 31, 2018,
respectively.
 
The total fair value of options vested under the
2013
plan during the
three
months ended
March 31, 2019
and
2018
was
$197,000
and
$84,000,
respectively. The total intrinsic value of options at time of exercise under the plans was
$251,000
and
$351,000
for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2019
and
2018,
respectively.
 
Cash received from option exercises under the plans for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2019
and
2018
were
$76,000
and
$82,000,
respectively. The tax benefit realized for the tax deductions from option exercise totaled
$0
and
$65,000
for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2019
and
2018,
respectively.