Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-186545) pertaining to the LipoScience, Inc. 1997 Stock Option Plan, as amended, the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended, the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, and the 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of LipoScience, Inc. of our report dated March 28, 2014, with respect to the financial statements of LipoScience, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2013.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Raleigh, North Carolina

March 28, 2014