Derivative Instruments

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to certain risks arising from business operations and economic factors, including fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currencies. To manage the volatility related to exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currencies, the Company uses derivative instruments. The objective of the derivative instruments is to reduce fluctuations in earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency rates and interest rates. These financial instruments are not used for trading or other speculative purposes. The Company has not historically incurred, and does not expect to incur in the future, any losses as a result of counterparty default.

The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes linking cash flow hedges to specific forecasted transactions or variability of cash flow to be paid. The Company also formally assesses, both at the hedge's inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the designated derivative instruments that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flow of hedged items. When a derivative instrument is determined not to be highly effective as a hedge or the underlying hedged transaction is no longer probable, hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. See Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of the consolidated financial statements for the Company's accounting policies for derivative instruments.

Hedge of Net Investments in Foreign Operations

In connection with the issuance of the Senior Notes due 2022, the Company entered into certain cross-currency swap agreements with a notional amount of $730.9 million to manage the related foreign currency exchange risk by effectively converting a portion of the fixed-rate USD-denominated Senior Notes due 2022, including the semi-annual interest payments, to fixed-rate, EUR-denominated debt. The risk management objective is to manage foreign currency risk relating to net investments in subsidiaries denominated in foreign currencies and reduce the variability in the functional currency equivalent cash flows of a portion of the Senior Notes due 2022. During the term of the swap contracts, the Company will receive semi-annual interest payments in June and December of each year from the counterparties based on USD fixed interest rates, and the Company will make semi-annual interest payments in June and December of each year to the counterparties based on EUR fixed interest rates. At maturity, the Company will repay the original principal amount in EUR and receive the principal amount in USD. The Company has designated the cross-currency swap agreements as qualifying hedging instruments and is accounting for these as net investment hedges. The gains and losses resulting from fair value adjustments to the cross-currency swap agreements are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income to the extent that the cross-currency swaps are effective in hedging the designated risk. The Company did not record any ineffectiveness for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015. Cash flows related to the cross-currency swaps are included in operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company does not expect amounts that are currently deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income to be reclassified to income during the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company did not have cross-currency swap agreements in 2014 or 2013.

In addition to the cross-currency swaps, the Company uses foreign currency denominated notes as nonderivative hedging instruments of its net investments in foreign operations. During the second quarter of 2015, the Company designated $235.8 million of its Senior Notes due 2021 included in long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets as a net investment hedge of its investments in international subsidiaries that use the EUR as their functional currency. During the period that the Senior Notes due 2021 were designated as a net investment hedge, the gains and losses resulting from exchange rate adjustments to the foreign currency denominated notes are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income to the extent that the foreign currency denominated notes are effective in hedging the designated risk. As of December 31, 2015, there is no amount of Senior Notes due 2021 that is designated as a net investment hedge of its investments in international subsidiaries that use the EUR as their functional currency. The de-designation occurred in August 2015 and the $4.7 million gain recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income during the period that the Senior Notes due 2021 were designated as a net investment hedge remains in accumulated other comprehensive income as of December 31, 2015 and will remain in accumulated other comprehensive income until the subsidiary is sold, completely liquidated, or deconsolidated due to a change in control. From the de-designation date through December 31, 2015, the gains and losses resulting from exchange rate adjustments to the foreign currency denominated notes are recorded in the statement of operations in other expense. The Company did not record any ineffectiveness for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015. The Company does not expect amounts that are currently deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income to be reclassified to income during the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company did not have foreign currency denominated notes in 2014 or 2013.

Interest Rate Hedging

In order to mitigate variability in forecasted interest payments on the Company’s EUR-denominated asset financings that are based on benchmark interest rates (e.g., Euribor), the Company has entered into interest rate swaps. The objective is for the cash flows of the interest rate swaps to offset any changes in cash flows of the forecasted interest payments attributable to changes in the benchmark interest rate. The interest rate swaps convert floating rate interest payments into fixed rate interest payments. The Company has designated the interest rate swaps as qualifying hedging instruments and is accounting for these as cash flow hedges of the forecasted obligations. The gains and losses resulting from fair value adjustments to the interest rate swaps are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income to the extent that the interest rate swaps are effective in hedging the designated risk. The gains and losses will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to interest expense on the dates that interest payments accrue, or when the hedged item becomes probable not to occur. The Company is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecasted interest payments through December 2017. The Company did not have interest rate swaps in 2014 or 2013. During 2015, $43.5 million notional amount of the Company's interest rate swaps were discontinued as cash flow hedges and are classified as derivatives not designated as hedges as of December 31, 2015, with an inconsequential loss recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015. Cash flows related to the interest rate swaps are included in operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company expects an inconsequential amount that is currently deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income to be reclassified to income during the year ended December 31, 2016.

Foreign Currency Forward Contract

In order to manage the short-term effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in connection with a portion of the cash consideration paid in EUR to acquire a majority interest in the outstanding share capital of ND, the Company entered into a $1,864.5 million short-term foreign currency forward contract in the second quarter of 2015. The foreign currency forward contract allowed the Company to purchase fixed amounts of EUR in the future at an exchange rate of €1.00 to $1.13. The Company did not designate the foreign currency forward contract as a qualifying hedging instrument. Gains or losses on the foreign exchange forward contract are recorded in other expense in the consolidated statements of operations. During 2015 the $1,864.5 million foreign currency forward contract was settled and the loss recorded in the consolidated statements of operations related to the foreign currency forward contract was $9.7 million. Cash flows related to the foreign currency forward contract are included in investing activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company did not have foreign currency forward contracts in 2014 or 2013.

Foreign Currency Option Contracts

In order to mitigate against the risk of a reduction in the value of foreign currency earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) from the Company’s international operations with the EUR and GBP as the functional currency, the Company entered into foreign currency option contracts in the fourth quarter of 2015. The option contracts are not designated as qualifying hedging instruments as of December 31, 2015. The option contracts are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and other identified risks. The risk of loss associated with option contracts is limited to the premium amounts payable for the option contracts. The option contracts expire in 12 months or less. Gains or losses on the option contracts are recorded in other expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Cash flows related to the foreign currency option contracts are included in operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company did not have foreign currency option contracts in 2014 or 2013.

The following table presents the location on the consolidated balance sheets in which the Company’s derivative instruments have been recognized, the fair value hierarchy level applicable to each type of derivative instrument, and the related notional amounts and fair values as of December 31, 2015:



(Dollars in millions)	Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Notional Amount		Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Cross-currency swap agreements	Other long-term assets	Level 2	$	730.9	$	0.2
Interest rate swaps	Other current liabilities Other long-term liabilities	Level 2	228.6		(7.3		)
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Interest rate swaps	Other current liabilities Other long-term liabilities	Level 2	43.5		(0.7		)
Foreign currency option contracts	Other current liabilities	Level 2	235.2		(1.0		)
Total					$	(8.8	)

The following table indicates the amount of gains/(losses) that have been recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated balance sheets and gains/(losses) recognized in earnings in the consolidated statements of operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 for derivative and nonderivative instruments:



	Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss							Recognized in Earnings
(Dollars in millions)	2015			2014		2013		2015			2014		2013
Derivatives designated as hedges:
Cross-currency swap agreements	$	4.9		$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—
Interest rate swaps	(1.4		)	—		—		—			—		—
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Foreign currency option contracts	—			—		—		(1.0		)	—		—
Foreign currency forward contracts	—			—		—		(9.7		)	—		—
Nonderivatives designated as hedges:
Foreign currency denominated notes	4.7			—		—		—			—		—
Total	$	8.2		$	—	$	—	$	(10.7	)	$	—	$	—