XML 28 R17.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT

Financing receivables

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2013

9. Financing receivables:

In the normal course of business, Nomura extends financing to clients primarily in the form of collateralized agreements such as reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowing transactions and loans. These financing receivables are recognized as assets on Nomura’s consolidated balance sheets and provide a contractual right to receive money either on demand or on future fixed or determinable dates.

Collateralized agreements

Collateralized agreements consist of reverse repurchase agreements disclosed as Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities borrowing transactions disclosed as Securities borrowed in the consolidated balance sheets, including those executed under Gensaki Repo agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowing transactions principally involve the buying of government and government agency securities from customers under agreements that also require Nomura to resell these securities to those customers. Nomura monitors the value of the underlying securities on a daily basis to the related receivables, including accrued interest, and requests or returns additional collateral when appropriate. Reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowing transactions are generally recorded in the consolidated balance sheets at the amount at which the securities are purchased with applicable accrued interest. No allowance for credit losses is generally recorded on these transactions due to the strict collateralization requirements.

Loans receivable

The key types of loans receivable recognized by Nomura are loans at banks, short-term secured margin loans, inter-bank money market loans and corporate loans.

Loans at banks include both retail and commercial secured and unsecured loans extended by licensed banking entities within Nomura such as The Nomura Trust & Banking Co., Ltd and Nomura Bank International plc. For both retail and commercial loans secured by real estate or securities, Nomura is exposed to the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying collateral. Loans at banks also include unsecured commercial loans provided to investment banking clients for relationship purposes. Nomura is exposed to risk of default of the counterparty, although these counterparties usually have high credit ratings. Where loans are secured by guarantees, Nomura is also exposed to the risk of default by the guarantor.

Short-term secured margin loans are loans provided to clients in connection with securities brokerage business. These loans provide funding for clients in order to purchase securities. Nomura requests initial margin in the form of acceptable collateral securities or deposits against these loans and holds the purchased securities as collateral through the life of the loans. If the value of the securities declines by more than specified amounts, Nomura can make additional margin calls in order to maintain a specified ratio of loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio. For these reasons, the risk to Nomura of providing these loans is limited.

Inter-bank money market loans are loans to financial institutions in the inter-bank money market, where overnight and intra-day financings are traded through money market dealers. The risk to Nomura of making these loans is not significant as only qualified financial institutions can participate in these markets and these loans are usually overnight or short-term in nature.

Corporate loans are primarily commercial loans provided to corporate clients extended by non-licensed banking entities within Nomura. Corporate loans include loans secured by real estate or securities, as well as unsecured commercial loans provided to investment banking clients for relationship purposes. The risk to Nomura of making these loans is similar to those risks arising from commercial loans reported in loans at banks.

In addition to the loans above, Nomura has advances to affiliated companies which are loans provided to related parties of Nomura. As these loans are generally not secured, Nomura is exposed to the risk of default of the counterparty.

The following tables present a summary of loans receivable reported within Loans receivable or Investments in and advances to affiliated companies in the consolidated balance sheets by portfolio segment.


	Millions of yen
	March 31, 2012
	Carried at amortized cost		Carried at fair value⁽¹⁾		Total
Loans receivable
Loans at banks	¥	235,407	¥	50,109	¥	285,516
Short-term secured margin loans		165,246		—		165,246
Inter-bank money market loans		95,461		—		95,461
Corporate loans		338,906		408,243		747,149

Total loans receivable	¥	835,020	¥	458,352	¥	1,293,372

Advances to affiliated companies		10,649		—		10,649

Total	¥	845,669	¥	458,352	¥	1,304,021


	Millions of yen
	March 31, 2013
	Carried at amortized cost		Carried at fair value⁽¹⁾		Total
Loans receivable
Loans at banks	¥	263,608	¥	153	¥	263,761
Short-term secured margin loans		288,574		—		288,574
Inter-bank money market loans		76,968		—		76,968
Corporate loans		422,295		523,896		946,191

Total loans receivable	¥	1,051,445	¥	524,049	¥	1,575,494

Advances to affiliated companies		12,376		—		12,376

Total	¥	1,063,821	¥	524,049	¥	1,587,870

(1)	Includes loans receivable and loan commitments carried at fair value through election of the fair value option.

There were no significant purchases or sales of loans receivable and no reclassifications of loans receivable to trading assets during the years ended March 31, 2012 and 2013.

Allowance for loan losses

Management establishes an allowance for loan losses for loans carried at amortized cost which reflects management’s best estimate of probable losses incurred. The allowance for loan losses which is reported in the consolidated balance sheets within Allowance for doubtful accounts comprises two components:

•

A specific component for loans which have been individually evaluated for impairment; and

•

A general component for loans which, while not individually evaluated for impairment, have been collectively evaluated for impairment based on historical loss experience

The specific component of the allowance for loan losses reflects probable losses incurred within loans which have been individually evaluated for impairment. A loan is defined as being impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include an assessment of the ability of borrowers to pay by considering various factors such as the nature of the loan, prior loan loss experience, current economic conditions, the current financial situation of the borrower and the fair value of any underlying collateral. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays or insignificant payment shortfalls are not classified as impaired. The impairment is measured on a loan by loan basis by adjusting the carrying value of the loan to either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

The general component of the allowance for loan losses is for loans not individually evaluated for impairment and includes judgment about collectability based on available information at the balance sheet date and the uncertainties inherent in those underlying assumptions. The allowance is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors such as current economic conditions.

While management has based its estimate of the allowance for loan losses on the best information available, future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary as a result of changes in the economic environment or variances between actual results and original assumptions.

Loans are charged-off when Nomura determines that the loans are uncollectible. This determination is based on factors such as the occurrence of significant changes in the borrower’s financial position such that the borrower can no longer pay the obligation or that the proceeds from collateral will not be sufficient to pay the loans.

The following tables present changes in the allowance for losses for the years ended March 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013.


	Millions of yen
	Year ended March 31, 2011
	Allowance for loan losses
	Loans at banks			Short-term secured margin loans			Inter-bank money market loans			Corporate loans			Advances to affiliated companies		Subtotal			Allowance for receivables other than loans			Total allowance for doubtful accounts
Opening balance	¥	783		¥	25		¥	5		¥	3,576		¥	—	¥	4,389		¥	1,036		¥	5,425
Provision for losses		(253	)		13			(5	)		(599	)		11		(833	)		143			(690	)
Charge-offs		(32	)		—			—			—			—		(32	)		(59	)		(91	)
Other⁽¹⁾		(159	)		(1	)		—			445			—		285			(69	)		216

Ending balance	¥	339		¥	37		¥	—		¥	3,422		¥	11	¥	3,809		¥	1,051		¥	4,860


	Millions of yen
	Year ended March 31, 2012
	Allowance for loan losses
	Loans at banks		Short-term secured margin loans			Inter-bank money market loans		Corporate loans			Advances to affiliated companies		Subtotal			Allowance for receivables other than loans			Total allowance for doubtful accounts
Opening balance	¥	339	¥	37		¥	—	¥	3,422		¥	11	¥	3,809		¥	1,051		¥	4,860
Provision for losses		213		(11	)		—		(592	)		40		(350	)		20			(330	)
Charge-offs		—		(2	)		—		—			—		(2	)		(1	)		(3	)
Other⁽¹⁾		—		(0	)		—		(72	)		—		(72	)		433			361

Ending balance	¥	552	¥	24		¥	—	¥	2,758		¥	51	¥	3,385		¥	1,503		¥	4,888


	Millions of yen
	Year ended March 31, 2013
	Allowance for loan losses
	Loans at banks			Short-term secured margin loans			Inter-bank money market loans		Corporate loans			Advances to affiliated companies			Subtotal			Allowance for receivables other than loans			Total allowance for doubtful accounts
Opening balance	¥	552		¥	24		¥	—	¥	2,758		¥	51		¥	3,385		¥	1,503		¥	4,888
Provision for losses		238			13			—		(2,630	)		(22	)		(2,401	)		(13	)		(2,414	)
Charge-offs		(1	)		(11	)		—		(26	)		—			(38	)		—			(38	)
Other⁽¹⁾		—			0			—		(7	)		—			(7	)		(171	)		(178	)

Ending balance	¥	789		¥	26		¥	—	¥	95		¥	29		¥	939		¥	1,319		¥	2,258

(1)	Includes the effect of foreign exchange movements.

The following tables present the allowance for loan losses and loans by impairment methodology and type of loans as of March 31, 2012 and 2013.


	Millions of yen
	March 31, 2012
	Loans at banks		Short-term secured margin loans		Inter-bank money market loans		Corporate loans		Advances to affiliated companies		Total
Allowance by impairment methodology
Evaluated individually	¥	14	¥	10	¥	—	¥	2,680	¥	—	¥	2,704
Evaluated collectively		538		14		—		78		51		681

Total allowance for loan losses	¥	552	¥	24	¥	—	¥	2,758	¥	51	¥	3,385


Loans by impairment methodology
Evaluated individually	¥	212	¥	58,636	¥	95,461	¥	329,312	¥	394	¥	484,015
Evaluated collectively		235,195		106,610		—		9,594		10,255		361,654

Total loans	¥	235,407	¥	165,246	¥	95,461	¥	338,906	¥	10,649	¥	845,669


	Millions of yen
	March 31, 2013
	Loans at banks		Short-term secured margin loans		Inter-bank money market loans		Corporate loans		Advances to affiliated companies		Total
Allowance by impairment methodology
Evaluated individually	¥	6	¥	—	¥	—	¥	7	¥	—	¥	13
Evaluated collectively		783		26		—		88		29		926

Total allowance for loan losses	¥	789	¥	26	¥	—	¥	95	¥	29	¥	939


Loans by impairment methodology
Evaluated individually	¥	76	¥	83,399	¥	76,968	¥	412,675	¥	5,595	¥	578,713
Evaluated collectively		263,532		205,175		—		9,620		6,781		485,108

Total loans	¥	263,608	¥	288,574	¥	76,968	¥	422,295	¥	12,376	¥	1,063,821

Nonaccrual and past due loans

Loans which are individually evaluated as impaired are assessed for nonaccrual status in accordance with Nomura’s policy. When it is determined to suspend interest accrual as a result of an assessment, any accrued but unpaid interest is reversed. Loans are generally only returned to an accrual status if the loan is brought contractually current, i.e. all overdue principal and interest amounts are paid. In limited circumstances, a loan which has not been brought contractually current will also be returned to an accrual status if all principal and interest amounts contractually due are reasonably assured of repayment within a reasonable period of time or there has been a sustained period of repayment performance by the borrower.

As of March 31, 2012, there were ¥40,565 million of loans which were on a nonaccrual status, primarily unsecured corporate loans. The amount of loans which were 90 days past due was not significant.

As of March 31, 2013, there were ¥5,855 million of loans which were on a nonaccrual status, primarily secured corporate loans. The amount of loans which were 90 days past due was not significant.

Once a loan is impaired and placed on a nonaccrual status, interest income is subsequently recognized using the cash basis method.

Loan impairment and troubled debt restructurings

In the ordinary course of business, Nomura may choose to recognize impairment and also restructure a loan classified as held for investment either because of financial difficulties of the borrower, or simply as a result of market conditions or relationship reasons. A troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) occurs when Nomura (as lender) for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties grants a concession to the borrower that Nomura would not otherwise consider.

Any loan being restructured under a TDR will generally already be identified as impaired with an applicable allowance recognized in the allowance for loan losses. If not (for example if the loan is collectively assessed for impairment with other loans), the restructuring of the loan under a TDR will immediately result in the loan as being classified as impaired. An impairment loss for a loan restructuring under a TDR which only involves modification of the loan’s terms (rather than receipt of assets in full or partial settlement) is calculated in the same way as any other impaired loan. Assets received in full or partial satisfaction of a loan in a TDR are recognized at fair value.

As of March 31, 2012, the amount of loans which were classified as impaired but against which no allowance for loan losses had been recognized was not significant. For impaired loans with a related allowance, the amount of recorded investment was ¥35,721 million, the total unpaid principal balance was ¥38,103 million and the related allowance was ¥2,693 million, primarily for unsecured corporate loans.

As of March 31, 2013, the amount of loans which were classified as impaired but against which no allowance for loan losses had been recognized was not significant. For impaired loans with a related allowance, the amount of recorded investment, the total unpaid principal balance and the related allowance was not significant.

The amount of TDRs which occurred during the years ended March 31, 2012 and 2013, was not significant.

Credit quality indicators

Nomura is exposed to credit risks deriving from a decline in the value of loans or a default caused by deterioration of creditworthiness or bankruptcy of the borrower. Nomura’s risk management framework for such credit risks is based on a risk assessment through an internal credit rating process, in depth pre-financing credit analysis of each individual loan and continuous post-financing monitoring of borrower’s creditworthiness. Loans considered as collateralized transactions are not subject to an internal credit rating process as Nomura monitors the value of posted collateral closely and understands means to prevent potential losses.

The following tables present an analysis of each class of loans not carried at fair value using Nomura’s internal ratings or equivalent credit quality indicators applied by subsidiaries as of March 31, 2012 and 2013.


	Millions of yen
	March 31, 2012
	AAA-BBB		BB-CCC		CC-D		Others⁽¹⁾		Total
Secured loans at banks	¥	92,207	¥	29,169	¥	—	¥	33,511	¥	154,887
Unsecured loans at banks		80,507		—		13		—		80,520
Short-term secured margin loans		—		—		—		165,246		165,246
Secured inter-bank money market loans		1,461		—		—		—		1,461
Unsecured inter-bank money market loans		94,000		—		—		—		94,000
Secured corporate loans		131,767		93,331		4,232		70,657		299,987
Unsecured corporate loans		1,339		37,580		—		—		38,919
Advances to affiliated companies		10,255		—		—		394		10,649


Total	¥	411,536	¥	160,080	¥	4,245	¥	269,808	¥	845,669


	Millions of yen
	March 31, 2013
	AAA-BBB		BB-CCC		CC-D		Others⁽¹⁾		Total
Secured loans at banks	¥	105,199	¥	30,826	¥	—	¥	33,208	¥	169,233
Unsecured loans at banks		93,266		1,103		6		—		94,375
Short-term secured margin loans		—		—		—		288,574		288,574
Secured inter-bank money market loans		1,968		—		—		—		1,968
Unsecured inter-bank money market loans		75,000		—		—		—		75,000
Secured corporate loans		220,189		164,205		7,969		3,570		395,933
Unsecured corporate loans		—		26,362		—		—		26,362
Advances to affiliated companies		6,781		527		—		5,068		12,376


Total	¥	502,403	¥	223,023	¥	7,975	¥	330,420	¥	1,063,821

(1)	Relate to collateralized exposures where a specified ratio of LTV is maintained.

Nomura reviews internal counterparty credit ratings at least once a year by using available borrower’s credit information including financial statements and other information. Internal counterparty credit ratings are also reviewed more frequently for high-risk borrowers or problematic exposures and any significant credit event of a counterparty will trigger an immediate credit review process.