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Employee benefits (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Employee benefits [Abstract]  
Expenses Recognized for Employee Benefits
The expenses recognized for employee benefits are:
 
   
2023
    
2022
    
2021
  
Salaries and benefits
  
$
264,005
    
$
272,092
    
$
235,345
  
Pensions – defined benefit plans
    
10,949
      
13,224
      
17,790
  
   
$
274,954
    
$
285,316
    
$
253,135
  
Liabilities Recognized for Pensions and Other Remunerations
The long-term liabilities recognized for pensions and other employee remunerations in the consolidated statement of financial position are comprised as follows:
 
   
2023
    
2022
  
Long-term:
            
Pensions and seniority premium
  
$
53,714
    
$
69,738
  
Termination of employment
    
23,676
      
14,914
  
   
$
77,390
    
$
84,652
  
Details of Net Cost for the Period
The details of the net cost for the period for seniority premiums and termination of employment, and also the basic actuarial estimates for the calculation of these labor obligations were shown as follows:
 
 
2023
  
2022
  
 
Pensions and
seniority
premiums
  
Termination of
employment
  
Pensions and
seniority
premiums
  
Termination of
employment
  
Current service cost
  
$
(10,164
)
  
$
13,620
    
$
13,265
    
$
1,383
  
Interest cost
    
6,062
      
1,431
      
7,538
      
1,145
  
Net cost for the period
  
$
(4,102
)
  
$
15,051
    
$
20,803
    
$
2,528
  
Reserve for Pensions and Seniority Premiums
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the reserve for pensions and seniority premiums, and also for the termination of employment, were comprised as follows:

 
2023
  
2022
  
 
Pensions and
seniority
premiums
  
Termination of
employment
  
Pensions and
seniority
premiums
  
Termination of
employment
  
Defined benefit obligations
  
$
54,204
    
$
23,676
    
$
70,223
    
$
14,914
  
Assets plan
    
(490
)
    
-
      
(485
)
    
-
  
Total reserve
  
$
53,714
    
$
23,676
    
$
69,738
    
$
14,914
  
Defined Benefit Obligations
As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, the defined benefit obligations (DBO) for pensions and seniority premiums, and also for the reserve for termination of employment, were comprised as follows:
 
   
2023
    
2022
  
   
Pensions and
seniority
premiums
    
Termination of
employment
    
Pensions and
seniority
premiums
    
Termination of
employment
  
DBO at beginning of period
  
$
70,223
    
$
14,914
    
$
87,820
    
$
15,680
  
Current service cost
    
(10,164
)
    
13,620
      
13,265
      
1,383
  
Interest cost
    
6,062
      
1,431
      
7,538
      
1,145
  
Benefits paid
    
(1,297
)
    
(310
)
    
(1,338
)
    
(322
)
Benefits paid from plan assets
    
(6,674
)
    
-
      
(6,674
)
    
(1,497
)
Past service cost
    
(3,946
)
    
(5,979
)
     (30,388 )    
(1,475
)
DBO at end of period
  
$
54,204
    
$
23,676
    
$
70,223
    
$
14,914
  
 
The assets plan as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were comprised as follows:
 
   
2023
    
2022
  
Value of the fund at beginning of year
  
$
485
    
$
1,125
  
Expected return on assets
    
(39
)
    
(741
)
Plan contributions
    
5,647
      
8,171
  
Benefits paid
    
(5,647
)
    
(8,171
)
Interests on assets plan
    
44
      
101
  
Value of the fund at end of year
  
$
490
    
$
485
  
Effects of Changes to Actuarial Assumptions
The changes in the pension plan, seniority premium, and termination of employment plan as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
 
   
2023
    
2022
  
Reserve for obligations at the beginning of the period
  
$
84,652
    
$
102,375
  
Cost for the period
    
10,949
      
23,331
  
Interest income
    
(44
)
    
(101
)
Contributions to the plan
    
(5,647
)
    
(8,171
)
Benefits paid on pension plan
    
(4,028
)
    
(919
)
Miscellaneous
    
(39
)
    
(741
)
Actuarial gain or losses
    
(8,453
)
    
(31,122
)
Reserve for obligations at the end of the period
  
$
77,390
    
$
84,652
  
 
The significant actuarial assumptions used for the valuation were:
 
   
2023
    
2022
  
Discount rate
    
10.75
%
    
10.50
%
Salary increase rate
    
4.00
%
    
4.00
%
Inflation rate
    
3.50
%
    
3.50
%
Average working life expectancy
    
14.00
   
14.30
 
The following table summarizes the effects of changes to these actuarial assumptions on the defined benefits obligations at December 31, 2023:
 
   
1.0% increase
    
1.0% decrease
  
Discount rate
            
(Decrease) increase in the defined benefits obligation
    
(1,269
)
    
1,395
  
                 
Salary increase rate
                
Increase (decrease) in the defined benefits obligation
    
623
      
(1,053
)

    Increase in 1 year
    Decrease in ¡ year
 
Average life expectancies
            
(Decrease) increase in the defined benefits obligation
    
(69
)
    
25