Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans Held for Sale

Loans held for sale are comprised entirely of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Loans Held for Investment

The following table presents amortized cost and unpaid principal balance of loans for the periods indicated:

	March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
(In Thousands)	Amortized Cost	Unpaid Principal	Difference	Amortized Cost	Unpaid Principal	Difference
Commercial & industrial loans	$404,789	$408,451	($3,662)	$448,338	$454,106	($5,768)
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied properties	304,595	306,070	(1,475)	300,200	301,623	(1,423)
Non-owner occupied and multifamily properties	428,618	431,855	(3,237)	435,311	438,631	(3,320)
Residential real estate:
1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens	31,241	31,300	(59)	32,542	32,602	(60)
1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens	19,523	19,400	123	19,610	19,489	121
1-4 family residential construction loans	38,836	39,146	(310)	36,222	36,542	(320)
Other construction, land development and raw land loans	91,328	91,819	(491)	88,094	88,604	(510)
Obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US	20,938	21,090	(152)	16,403	16,565	(162)
Agricultural production, including commercial fishing	29,217	29,358	(141)	27,959	28,082	(123)
Consumer loans	4,618	4,580	38	4,801	4,763	38
Other loans	3,684	3,699	(15)	4,406	4,422	(16)
Total	1,377,387	1,386,768	(9,381)	1,413,886	1,425,429	(11,543)
Allowance for credit losses	(11,310)			(11,739)
	$1,366,077	$1,386,768	($9,381)	$1,402,147	$1,425,429	($11,543)

The difference between the amortized cost and unpaid principal balance is net deferred origination fees totaling $9.4 million and $11.5 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost of loans held for investment, totaled $5.4 million and $5.5 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and was included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Amortized cost in the above table includes $64.3 million and $118.2 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, in Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") within the Commercial & industrial loan segment.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The activity in the ACL related to loans held for investment is as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31,	Beginning Balance	Credit Loss Expense (Benefit)	Charge-offs	Recoveries	Ending Balance
	(In Thousands)
2022
Commercial & industrial loans	$3,027	$156	($295)	$13	$2,901
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied properties	3,176	(663)	—	—	2,513
Non-owner occupied and multifamily properties	2,930	133	—	—	3,063
Residential real estate:
1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens	439	71	—	—	510
1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens	215	74	—	12	301
1-4 family residential construction loans	120	90	—	—	210
Other construction, land development and raw land loans	1,635	(85)	—	—	1,550
Obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US	32	20	—	—	52
Agricultural production, including commercial fishing	91	29	—	8	128
Consumer loans	67	8	—	—	75
Other loans	7	—	—	—	7
Total	$11,739	($167)	($295)	$33	$11,310
2021
Commercial & industrial loans	$4,348	($101)	($163)	$185	$4,269
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied properties	3,579	(215)	—	2	3,366
Non-owner occupied and multifamily properties	4,944	(1,240)	—	—	3,704
Residential real estate:
1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens	673	140	—	—	813
1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens	419	(87)	—	10	342
1-4 family residential construction loans	454	(194)	—	—	260
Other construction, land development and raw land loans	1,994	(173)	—	—	1,821
Obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US	44	(8)	—	—	36
Agricultural production, including commercial fishing	49	(11)	—	8	46
Consumer loans	118	(16)	—	2	104
Other loans	3	—	—	—	3
Total	$16,625	($1,905)	($163)	$207	$14,764

At March 31, 2022, as compared to December 31, 2021, the Company forecasted a significantly lower unemployment rate over the reasonable and supportable forecast period. For most loan segments, an increase in loan balances more than offset the decrease in the forecast for unemployment and changes in the characteristics of loans. However, increases in loan balances were more than offset by changes in the makeup of the underlying loans in the owner occupied commercial real estate and other construction segments. The primary reason for the decreases in the ACL in these segments is a shorter expected life, which results in a decrease in the ACL in a discounted cash flow ("DCF") Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL") model.

Credit Quality Information

As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management utilizes a loan risk grading system called the Asset Quality Rating (“AQR”) system to assign a risk classification to each of its loans. The risk classification is a dual rating system that contemplates both probability of default and risk of loss given default. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 10 and, loans graded 1 – 6 are considered “pass” grade loans. Loans graded 7 or higher are considered "classified" loans. A description of the general characteristics of the AQR risk classifications are as follows:

Pass grade loans – 1 through 6: The borrower demonstrates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service, including acceptable profit margins, cash flows, liquidity and other balance sheet ratios. Historic and projected performance indicates that the borrower is able to meet obligations under most economic circumstances. The Company has competent management with an acceptable track record. The category does not include loans with undue or unwarranted credit risks that constitute identifiable weaknesses.

Classified loans:

Special Mention – 7: A "special mention" credit has weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset at some future date.

Substandard – 8: A "substandard" credit is inadequately protected by the current worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that Northrim Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – 9: An asset classified "doubtful" has all the weaknesses inherent in one that is classified "substandard-8" with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The loan has substandard characteristics, and available information suggests that it is unlikely that the loan will be repaid in its entirety.

Loss – 10: An asset classified "loss" is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance on the books is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

The following tables present the Company's portfolio of risk-rated loans by grade and by year of origination. Management considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination. Generally, current period renewals of credit are re-underwritten at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the table below.

March 31, 2022	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	Prior	Total
	(In Thousands)
Commercial & industrial loans
Pass	$46,524	$171,908	$52,630	$30,871	$32,130	$62,733	$396,796
Classified	2,647	563	166	13	3,034	1,570	7,993
Total commercial & industrial loans	$49,171	$172,471	$52,796	$30,884	$35,164	$64,303	$404,789
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied properties
Pass	$8,232	$85,813	$79,996	$38,621	$14,219	$68,938	$295,819
Classified	—	—	1,364	—	510	6,902	8,776
Total commercial real estate owner occupied properties	$8,232	$85,813	$81,360	$38,621	$14,729	$75,840	$304,595
Non-owner occupied and multifamily properties
Pass	$6,610	$73,643	$75,974	$57,236	$34,050	$170,879	$418,392
Classified	—	—	—	—	8	10,218	10,226
Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied and multifamily properties	$6,610	$73,643	$75,974	$57,236	$34,058	$181,097	$428,618
Residential real estate:
1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens
Pass	$972	$11,979	$6,994	$3,433	$517	$6,238	$30,133
Classified	—	285	531	—	90	202	1,108
Total residential real estate 1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens	$972	$12,264	$7,525	$3,433	$607	$6,440	$31,241
1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens
Pass	$971	$5,500	$2,501	$3,110	$3,242	$3,934	$19,258
Classified	—	—	—	—	253	12	265

Total residential real estate 1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens	$971	$5,500	$2,501	$3,110	$3,495	$3,946	$19,523
1-4 family residential construction loans
Pass	$8,877	$16,208	$653	$1,137	$—	$11,852	$38,727
Classified	—	—	—	—	—	109	109
Total residential real estate 1-4 family residential construction loans	$8,877	$16,208	$653	$1,137	$—	$11,961	$38,836
Other construction, land development and raw land loans
Pass	$966	$44,143	$25,438	$9,915	$3,347	$5,563	$89,372
Classified	—	—	—	—	460	1,496	1,956
Total other construction, land development and raw land loans	$966	$44,143	$25,438	$9,915	$3,807	$7,059	$91,328
Obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US
Pass	$—	$7,829	$1,836	$1,868	$161	$9,244	$20,938
Classified	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US	$—	$7,829	$1,836	$1,868	$161	$9,244	$20,938
Agricultural production, including commercial fishing
Pass	$1,311	$19,958	$3,828	$806	$1,112	$2,202	$29,217
Classified	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total agricultural production, including commercial fishing	$1,311	$19,958	$3,828	$806	$1,112	$2,202	$29,217
Consumer loans
Pass	$373	$699	$765	$617	$337	$1,827	$4,618
Classified	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total consumer loans	$373	$699	$765	$617	$337	$1,827	$4,618
Other loans
Pass	$392	$1,110	$1,620	$417	$29	$116	$3,684
Classified	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total other loans	$392	$1,110	$1,620	$417	$29	$116	$3,684
Total loans
Pass	$75,228	$438,790	$252,235	$148,031	$89,144	$343,526	$1,346,954
Classified	2,647	848	2,061	13	4,355	20,509	30,433
Total loans	$77,875	$439,638	$254,296	$148,044	$93,499	$364,035	$1,377,387
Total pass loans	$75,228	$438,790	$252,235	$148,031	$89,144	$343,526	$1,346,954
Government guarantees	(869)	(94,725)	(11,664)	(13,422)	(3,222)	(3,795)	(127,697)
Total pass loans, net of government guarantees	$74,359	$344,065	$240,571	$134,609	$85,922	$339,731	$1,219,257
Total classified loans	$2,647	$848	$2,061	$13	$4,355	$20,509	$30,433
Government guarantees	(2,382)	(507)	(1,228)	—	—	(10,453)	(14,570)
Total classified loans, net government guarantees	$265	$341	$833	$13	$4,355	$10,056	$15,863

December 31, 2021	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	Prior	Total
	(In Thousands)
Commercial & industrial loans
Pass	$227,376	$54,478	$29,846	$37,339	$23,205	$44,554	$416,798
Classified	18,853	714	3,564	3,118	517	4,774	31,540
Total commercial & industrial loans	$246,229	$55,192	$33,410	$40,457	$23,722	$49,328	$448,338
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied properties
Pass	$81,533	$83,975	$39,254	$14,841	$14,452	$57,717	$291,772
Classified	—	1,399	—	522	—	6,507	8,428

Total commercial real estate owner occupied properties	$81,533	$85,374	$39,254	$15,363	$14,452	$64,224	$300,200
Non-owner occupied and multifamily properties
Pass	$77,205	$77,961	$61,147	$34,307	$19,833	$154,561	$425,014
Classified	—	—	—	10	10,286	1	10,297
Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied and multifamily properties	$77,205	$77,961	$61,147	$34,317	$30,119	$154,562	$435,311
Residential real estate:
1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens
Pass	$7,756	$8,023	$3,689	$531	$1,466	$8,812	$30,277
Classified	417	1,077	472	90	—	209	2,265
Total residential real estate 1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens	$8,173	$9,100	$4,161	$621	$1,466	$9,021	$32,542
1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens
Pass	$5,806	$2,535	$3,229	$3,464	$259	$4,046	$19,339
Classified	—	—	—	259	—	12	271
Total residential real estate 1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens	$5,806	$2,535	$3,229	$3,723	$259	$4,058	$19,610
1-4 family residential construction loans
Pass	$21,409	$1,056	$1,707	$62	$—	$11,879	$36,113
Classified	—	—	—	—	109	—	109
Total residential real estate 1-4 family residential construction loans	$21,409	$1,056	$1,707	$62	$109	$11,879	$36,222
Other construction, land development and raw land loans
Pass	$39,624	$26,458	$11,044	$3,315	$139	$5,544	$86,124
Classified	—	—	—	460	—	1,510	1,970
Total other construction, land development and raw land loans	$39,624	$26,458	$11,044	$3,775	$139	$7,054	$88,094
Obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US
Pass	$4,120	$812	$1,875	$343	$2,733	$6,520	$16,403
Classified	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US	$4,120	$812	$1,875	$343	$2,733	$6,520	$16,403
Agricultural production, including commercial fishing
Pass	$19,970	$3,929	$810	$1,118	$741	$1,391	$27,959
Classified	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total agricultural production, including commercial fishing	$19,970	$3,929	$810	$1,118	$741	$1,391	$27,959
Consumer loans
Pass	$873	$815	$653	$403	$291	$1,766	$4,801
Classified	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total consumer loans	$873	$815	$653	$403	$291	$1,766	$4,801
Other loans
Pass	$2,028	$1,645	$430	$95	$—	$208	$4,406
Classified	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total other loans	$2,028	$1,645	$430	$95	$—	$208	$4,406
Total loans
Pass	$487,700	$261,687	$153,684	$95,818	$63,119	$296,998	$1,359,006
Classified	19,270	3,190	4,036	4,459	10,912	13,013	54,880
Total loans	$506,970	$264,877	$157,720	$100,277	$74,031	$310,011	$1,413,886
Total pass loans	$487,700	$261,687	$153,684	$95,818	$63,119	$296,998	$1,359,006
Government guarantees	(145,713)	(12,725)	(14,429)	(3,299)	(306)	(6,562)	(183,034)
Total pass loans, net of government guarantees	$341,987	$248,962	$139,255	$92,519	$62,813	$290,436	$1,175,972
Total classified loans	$19,270	$3,190	$4,036	$4,459	$10,912	$13,013	$54,880

Government guarantees	(7,201)	(1,259)	—	—	—	(10,571)	(19,031)
Total classified loans, net government guarantees	$12,069	$1,931	$4,036	$4,459	$10,912	$2,442	$35,849

Past Due Loans: The following tables present an aging of contractually past due loans:

(In Thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due	60-89 Days Past Due	Greater Than 90 Days Past Due	Total Past Due	Current	Total	Greater Than 90 Days Past Due Still Accruing
March 31, 2022
Commercial & industrial loans	$305	$166	$418	$889	$403,900	$404,789	$—
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied properties	8	—	1,120	1,128	303,467	304,595	—
Non-owner occupied and multifamily properties	283	—	—	283	428,335	428,618	—
Residential real estate:
1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens	69	—	90	159	31,082	31,241	—
1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens	22	—	136	158	19,365	19,523	—
1-4 family residential construction loans	—	—	109	109	38,727	38,836	—
Other construction, land development and raw land loans	—	—	1,636	1,636	89,692	91,328	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US	—	—	—	—	20,938	20,938	—
Agricultural production, including commercial fishing	—	—	—	—	29,217	29,217	—
Consumer loans	11	—	—	11	4,607	4,618	—
Other loans	—	—	—	—	3,684	3,684	—
Total	$698	$166	$3,509	$4,373	$1,373,014	$1,377,387	$—
December 31, 2021
Commercial & industrial loans	$206	$51	$469	$726	$447,612	$448,338	$—
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied properties	12	—	1,176	1,188	299,012	300,200	—
Non-owner occupied and multifamily properties	—	—	—	—	435,311	435,311	—
Residential real estate:
1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens	—	—	90	90	32,452	32,542	—
1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens	—	—	139	139	19,471	19,610	—
1-4 family residential construction loans	—	—	109	109	36,113	36,222	—
Other construction, land development and raw land loans	—	—	1,636	1,636	86,458	88,094	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions in the US	—	—	—	—	16,403	16,403	—
Agricultural production, including commercial fishing	—	—	—	—	27,959	27,959	—
Consumer loans	—	—	—	—	4,801	4,801	—
Other loans	—	—	—	—	4,406	4,406	—
Total	$218	$51	$3,619	$3,888	$1,409,998	$1,413,886	$—

Nonaccrual loans: Nonaccrual loans net of government guarantees totaled $8.7 million and $10.7 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The following table presents loans on nonaccrual status and loans on nonaccrual

status for which there was no related allowance for credit losses. All loans with no allowance for credit losses are individually evaluated for credit losses in the Company's CECL methodology.

	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
(In  Thousands)	Nonaccrual	Nonaccrual With No ACL	Nonaccrual	Nonaccrual With No ACL
Commercial & industrial loans	$4,014	$3,847	$4,350	$4,298
Commercial real estate:
Owner occupied properties	3,362	3,362	3,506	3,506
Residential real estate:
1-4 family residential properties secured by first liens	223	223	1,778	1,778
1-4 family residential properties secured by junior liens       and revolving secured by 1-4 family first liens	265	211	271	215
1-4 family residential construction loans	109	109	109	109
Other construction, land development and raw land loans	1,636	1,636	1,636	1,636
Consumer loans	—	—	—	—
Total nonaccrual loans	9,609	9,388	11,650	11,542
Government guarantees on nonaccrual loans	(907)	(907)	(978)	(978)
Net nonaccrual loans	$8,702	$8,481	$10,672	$10,564

There was $2,000 in interest on nonaccrual loans reversed through interest income during three-month period ending March 31, 2022. There was no interest on nonaccrual loans reversed through interest income during the three-month period ending March 31, 2021.

There was no interest earned on nonaccrual loans with a principal balance during the three-month periods ending March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, respectively. However, the Company recognized interest income of $57,000 and $134,000 in the three-month periods ending March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to interest collected on nonaccrual loans whose principal had been paid down to zero.

Troubled Debt Restructurings: Loans classified as TDRs totaled $10.0 million and $10.6 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.  A TDR is a loan to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty that has been modified from its original terms and conditions in such a way that the Company is granting the borrower a concession that it would not grant otherwise. 

The provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act included an election to not apply the guidance on accounting for TDRs to loan modifications, such as extensions or deferrals, related to COVID-19 made between March 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. The relief can only be applied to modifications for borrowers that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The Company elected to adopt these provisions of the CARES Act. The Company has made the following types of loan modifications related to COVID-19, which are not classified as TDRs with principal balance outstanding of:

Loan Modifications due to COVID-19 as of March 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	Interest Only	Full Payment Deferral	Total
Portfolio loans	$45,074	$—	$45,074
Number of modifications	13	—	13

Loan Modifications due to COVID-19 as of December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)	Interest Only	Full Payment Deferral	Total
Portfolio loans	$49,219	$—	$49,219
Number of modifications	16	—	16

The Company has granted a variety of concessions to borrowers in the form of loan modifications.  The modifications granted can generally be described in the following categories:

Rate Modification:  A modification in which the interest rate is changed.

Term Modification:  A modification in which the maturity date, timing of payments, or frequency of payments is changed.

Payment Modification:  A modification in which the dollar amount of the payment is changed, or in which a loan is converted to interest only payments for a period of time is included in this category.

Combination Modification:  Any other type of modification, including the use of multiple categories above. 

AQR pass graded loans included above in the impaired loan data are loans classified as TDRs. By definition, TDRs are considered impaired loans. All of the Company's TDRs are included in impaired loans.

There were no newly restructured loans that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2022 or 2021, respectively. As discussed above, the CARES Act provided banks an option to elect to not account for certain loan modifications related to COVID-19 between March 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021 as TDRs as long as the borrowers were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The disclosed restructurings were not related to COVID-19 modifications.

	Accrual Status	Nonaccrual Status	Total Modifications
(In Thousands)
Existing Troubled Debt Restructurings	$2,978	$7,062	$10,040
Total	$2,978	$7,062	$10,040

The Company had no commitments to extend additional credit to borrowers whose terms have been modified in TDRs. There were no in charge-offs in the three months ended March 31, 2022 on loans that were newly classified as TDRs during the same period.

There were no loans that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, that were restructured in the previous twelve months.