Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Investment securities available for sale and marketable equity securities: Fair values are based on quoted market prices, where available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments.

Servicing rights: MSR and CSR are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are classified as Level 3 as quoted prices are not available. In order to determine the fair value of MSR and CSR, the present value of net expected future cash flows is estimated. Assumptions used include market discount rates, anticipated prepayment speeds, escrow calculations,

delinquency rates, and ancillary fee income net of servicing costs. The model assumptions are also compared to publicly filed information from several large MSR holders, as available.

Derivative instruments: The fair value of the interest rate lock commitments are estimated using quoted or published market prices for similar instruments, adjusted for factors such as pull-through rate assumptions based on historical information, where appropriate. The pull-through rate assumptions are considered Level 3 valuation inputs and are significant to the interest rate lock commitment valuation; as such, the interest rate lock commitment derivatives are classified as Level 3. Interest rate contracts are valued in a model, which uses as its basis a discounted cash flow technique incorporating credit valuation adjustments to reflect nonperformance risk in the measurement of fair value. Although the Company has determined that the majority of inputs used to value its interest rate derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. However, as of December 31, 2021, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of these adjustments on the overall valuation of its interest rate positions and has determined that they are not significant to the overall valuation of its interest rate derivatives. As a result, the Company has classified its interest rate derivative valuations in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit: The fair value of commitments is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value of letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligation with the counterparties at the reporting date.

Assets Subject to Nonrecurring Adjustment to Fair Value:

The Company is also required to measure certain assets such as equity method investments, goodwill, intangible assets, loans held for sale, impaired loans, and OREO at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Any nonrecurring adjustments to fair value usually result from the writedown of individual assets.

The Company uses either in-house evaluations or external appraisals to estimate the fair value of OREO and loan individually evaluated for credit losses as of each reporting date. In-house appraisals are considered Level 3 inputs and external appraisals are considered Level 2 inputs. The Company’s determination of which method to use is based upon several factors. The Company takes into account compliance with legal and regulatory guidelines, the amount of the loan, the size of the assets, the location and type of property to be valued and how critical the timing of completion of the analysis is to the assessment of value. Those factors are balanced with the level of internal expertise, internal experience and market information available, versus external expertise available such as qualified appraisers, brokers, auctioneers and equipment specialists.

The Company uses external sources to estimate fair value for projects that are not fully constructed as of the date of valuation. These projects are generally valued as if complete, with an appropriate allowance for cost of completion, including contingencies developed from external sources such as vendors, engineers and contractors. The Company believes that recording other real estate owned that is not fully constructed based on as if complete values is more appropriate than recording other real estate owned that is not fully constructed using as is values. We concluded that as-is-complete values are appropriate for these types of projects based on the accounting guidance for capitalization of project costs and subsequent measurement of the value of real estate. GAAP specifically states that estimates and cost allocations must be reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reallocated based on revised estimates. The Company adjusts the carrying value of other real estate owned in accordance with this guidance for increases in estimated cost to complete that exceed the fair value of the real estate at the end of each reporting period.

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Estimated fair values as of the periods indicated are as follows:


	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
(In Thousands)	Carrying Amount	Fair Value	Carrying Amount	Fair Value
Financial assets:
Level 1 inputs:
Cash, due from banks and deposits in other banks	$645,827	$645,827	$115,965	$115,965
Investment securities available for sale	141,531	141,531	58,865	58,865
Marketable equity securities	8,420	8,420	9,052	9,052

Level 2 inputs:
Investment securities available for sale	285,153	285,153	188,768	188,768
Investment in Federal Home Loan Bank Stock	3,107	3,107	2,551	2,551
Loans held for sale	73,650	73,650	146,178	146,178
Accrued interest receivable	6,846	6,846	7,979	7,979
Interest rate swaps	6,030	6,030	7,387	7,387
Retail interest rate contracts	166	166	—	—

Level 3 inputs:
Investment securities held to maturity	20,000	19,164	10,000	10,000
Loans	1,413,886	1,396,486	1,444,051	1,414,179
Purchased receivables, net	6,987	6,987	13,922	13,922
Interest rate lock commitments	1,387	1,387	4,034	4,034
Mortgage servicing rights	13,724	13,724	11,218	11,218
Commercial servicing rights	1,084	1,084	1,310	1,310

Financial liabilities:
Level 2 inputs:
Deposits	$2,421,631	2,422,215	$1,824,981	$1,826,990

Borrowings	14,508	14,727	14,817	15,538
Accrued interest payable	31	31	65	65
Interest rate swaps	6,985	6,985	9,122	9,122
Retail interest rate contracts	—	—	880	880
Level 3 inputs:

Junior subordinated debentures	10,310	9,727	10,310	10,475

The following table sets forth the balances as of the periods indicated of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


(In Thousands)	Total	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2021
Assets:
Available for sale securities
U.S. Treasury and government sponsored entities	$341,480	$115,686	$225,794	$—
Municipal securities	840	—	840	—

Corporate bonds	32,946	25,845	7,101	—
Collateralized loan obligations	51,418	—	51,418	—
Total available for sale securities	$426,684	$141,531	$285,153	$—
Marketable equity securities	$8,420	$8,420	$—	$—
Total marketable equity securities	$8,420	$8,420	$—	$—
Interest rate swaps	$6,030	$—	$6,030	$—
Interest rate lock commitments	1,387	—	—	1,387
Mortgage servicing rights	13,724	—	—	13,724
Commercial servicing rights	1,084	—	—	1,084
Retail interest rate contracts	166	—	166	—
Total other assets	$22,225	$—	$6,030	$16,195
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$6,985	$—	$6,985	$—

Total other liabilities	$6,985	$—	$6,985	$—
December 31, 2020
Assets:
Available for sale securities
U.S. Treasury and government sponsored entities	$174,601	$37,548	$137,053	$—
Municipal securities	856	—	856	—

Corporate bonds	30,492	21,317	9,175	—
Collateralized loan obligations	41,684	—	41,684	—
Total available for sale securities	$247,633	$58,865	$188,768	$—
Marketable equity securities	$9,052	$9,052	$—	$—
Total marketable equity securities	$9,052	$9,052	$—	$—
Interest rate swaps	$7,387	$—	$7,387	$—
Interest rate lock commitments	4,034	—	—	4,034
Mortgage servicing rights	11,218	—	—	11,218
Commercial servicing rights	1,310	—	—	1,310
Total other assets	$23,949	$—	$7,387	$16,562
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$9,122	$—	$9,122	$—
Retail interest rate contracts	880	—	880	—
Total other liabilities	$10,002	$—	$10,002	$—

The following table provides a reconciliation of the assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) on a recurring basis during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:


(In Thousands)	Beginning balance	Change included in earnings	Purchases and issuances	Sales and settlements	Ending balance
December 31, 2021
Interest rate lock commitments	$4,034	($3,389)	$28,229	($27,487)	$1,387
Mortgage servicing rights	11,218	(3,582)	6,088	—	13,724
Commercial servicing rights	1,310	(437)	211	—	1,084
Total	$16,562	($7,408)	$34,528	($27,487)	$16,195
December 31, 2020
Interest rate lock commitments	$810	($5,680)	$49,186	($40,282)	$4,034
Mortgage servicing rights	11,920	(5,526)	4,824	—	11,218
Commercial servicing rights	1,214	(99)	195	—	1,310
Total	$13,944	($11,305)	$54,205	($40,282)	$16,562

As of and for the years ending December 31, 2021 and 2020, except for certain assets as shown in the following table, no impairment or valuation adjustment was recognized for assets recognized at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. For loans individually measured for credit losses, the Company classifies fair value measurements using observable inputs, such as external appraisals, as Level 2 valuations in the fair value hierarchy, and unobservable inputs, such as in-house evaluations, as Level 3 valuations in the fair value hierarchy.


(In Thousands)	Total	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2021
Loans individually measured for credit losses	$—	$—	$—	$—


Total	$—	$—	$—	$—
December 31, 2020
Loans individually measured for credit losses	$308	$—	$—	$308


Total	$308	$—	$—	$308

The following table presents the (gains) losses resulting from nonrecurring fair value adjustments for the periods ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively:


(In Thousands)	2021	2020	2019
Loans individually measured for credit losses	($13)	($4)	$3


Total (income) loss from nonrecurring measurements	($13)	($4)	$3

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

The following table provides a description of the valuation technique, unobservable input, and qualitative information about the unobservable inputs for the Company’s assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 and measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2021 and 2020:


Financial Instrument	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Weighted Average or Rate Range
December 31, 2021



Interest rate lock commitment	External pricing model	Pull through rate	93.27	%
Mortgage servicing rights	Discounted cash flow	Constant prepayment rate	9.25% - 14.21%
		Discount rate	8.00%
Commercial servicing rights	Discounted cash flow	Constant prepayment rate	12.30% - 16.57%
		Discount rate	9.94	%
December 31, 2020
Loans individually measured for credit losses	In-house valuation of collateral	Discount rate	30	%


Interest rate lock commitment	External pricing model	Pull through rate	90.65	%
Mortgage servicing rights	Discounted cash flow	Constant prepayment rate	7.77% - 13.17%
		Discount rate	7.75%
Commercial servicing rights	Discounted cash flow	Constant prepayment rate	7.38% - 9.94%
		Discount rate	9.46	%

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details