Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2026

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The following table presents the Company’s oil, natural gas, and NGL revenues disaggregated by revenue stream:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2026			2025		2026		2025 (1)
	(In thousands)
Crude oil sales	$	93,458		$	57,941	$	161,296	$	68,729
Natural gas sales (2) (3)		(4,292	)		1,981		4,664		2,545
NGL sales (3)		9,693			8,178		16,316		9,641
Total revenues	$	98,859		$	68,100	$	182,276	$	80,915

⁽¹⁾ Total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2025, include revenue from the assets acquired from Bayswater beginning on March 26, 2025, the closing date of the Bayswater Acquisition (as defined below), through June 30, 2025.

⁽²⁾ For the three months ended June 30, 2026, the Company realized negative natural gas sales revenue due to lower gross sales, driven by decreased pricing during the quarter, compared to gathering and processing fees.

⁽³⁾ The Company has reclassified certain gathering and processing fees presented net within natural gas and NGL sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 to conform with the allocation used during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026. This reallocation has no impact on the Company’s total revenues or net income (loss) attributable to Prairie Operating Co. as reported on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company recognizes revenue from the sales of crude oil, natural gas, and NGLs at the point that control of the produced crude oil, natural gas, and NGL volumes are transferred to the purchaser, which may differ depending on the applicable contractual terms.

The Company considers the transfer of control to have occurred when the production is delivered to the purchaser because at that time, the purchaser has the ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, the crude oil, natural gas, or NGL production. Transfer of control dictates the presentation of the Company’s transportation and processing expenses within its condensed consolidated statements of operations. Transportation and processing expenses incurred prior to the transfer of control are recorded gross within transportation and processing expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Gathering, transportation, and processing expenses incurred subsequent to the transfer of control are recorded net within crude oil, natural gas, and NGL sales revenues.

Additionally, the Company has made an accounting election to exclude certain qualifying taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities from its reported revenues and is presenting those amounts as a component of operating expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The amounts due from purchasers are reflected in oil, natural gas, and NGL accrued revenue on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and consists of uncollateralized accrued crude oil, natural gas, and NGL revenue due under normal trade terms, generally requiring payment within 30 days of production. The Company records the differences between its estimates and the actual amounts received for product sales in the month that payment is received from the purchaser. Additionally, the Company has determined that product returns or refunds are very rare and therefore, the Company accounts for them as they occur, and it generally provides no warranty.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, the Company recognized income tax expense of $19.8 million and an income tax benefit of $18.6 million, respectively, resulting in effective income tax rates of 15.4% and 29.9%, respectively. The difference between the Company’s effective income tax rates and the statutory blended rates for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 relates to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation awards and tax deduction limitations on the compensation of covered individuals. The Company did not recognize any income tax benefit or expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information

The following table presents non–cash investing and financing activities and supplemental cash flow disclosures relating to the cash paid for interest for the periods presented:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2026		2025
	(In thousands)
Non–cash investing activities:
Increase in capital expenditure accrued liabilities and accounts payable	$	12,441	$	15,692
Non–cash financing activities:
Common Stock issued upon conversion of Series F Preferred Stock	$	45,858	$	4,772
Common Stock issued for Series F Preferred Stock dividends (1)	$	6,014	$	3,289
Common Stock issued to Bayswater as part of Bayswater Acquisition purchase price (2)	$	—	$	16,000
Common Stock issuance costs included in accrued liabilities	$	—	$	292
Bayswater transaction costs included in accrued liabilities	$	—	$	6,035
Series F Preferred Stock agreement amendment fees and issuance costs included in accrued liabilities and accounts payable	$	381	$	1,113
Common Stock issued upon conversion of Series D Preferred Stock	$	33	$	8,475
Common Stock issued upon option exercise	$	42	$	—
Common Stock issued upon conversion of Senior Convertible Note (3)	$	—	$	18,164
Supplemental disclosure:
Cash paid for interest	$	9,798	$	6,971

⁽¹⁾ The Company elected to issue shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”) for the Series F Preferred Stock dividends payable on June 1, 2025, March 1, 2026, and June 1, 2026. Refer to Note 12 – Mezzanine Equity for a discussion of the Series F Preferred Stock.

⁽²⁾ The Company issued approximately 3.7 million shares of Common Stock to Bayswater (as defined herein) as part of the Bayswater Purchase Price (as defined herein). Refer to Note 3 – Acquisitions for a discussion of the Bayswater Acquisition (as defined herein).

⁽³⁾ During the six months ended June 30, 2025, YA II PN, LTD. (“Yorkville”), converted the remaining $11.3 million of the initial $15.0 million convertible promissory note (the “Senior Convertible Note”) in exchange for 2.1 million shares of Common Stock. Refer to Note 9 – Debt for a discussion of the Senior Convertible Note.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024–03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220–40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024–03”), which requires the disclosure of specific information about certain costs and expenses. ASU 2024–03 is effective for annual periods beginning January 1, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential effect that the updated standard will have on its financial statement disclosures.