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Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Organization, Consolidation, Basis of Presentation, Business Description and Accounting Policies [Text Block]
Note
1.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Description of Operations and Principles of Consolidation
 
Cutera, Inc. (“
the “Company”) is a global provider of laser and other energy-based aesthetic systems for practitioners worldwide. The Company designs, develops, manufactures, and markets laser and other energy-based product platforms for use by physicians and other qualified practitioners which enable them to offer safe and effective aesthetic treatments to their customers. The Company currently markets the following key system platforms:
enlighten
®
, excel HR
®
, truSculpt
®
, excel V
®
, and xeo
®
.
The Company’s systems offer multiple hand pieces and applications, which allow customers to upgrade their systems. The sales of (i) systems, system upgrades and hand pieces (classified as “Systems” revenue); (ii) hand piece refills applicable to
Titan
®
and
truSculpt
(classified as “Hand Piece Refills”); and (iii) the distribution of
third
party manufactured skincare products (classified as "Skincare” revenue); and collectively classified as “Products” revenue. In addition to Products revenue, the Company generates revenue from the sale of post-warranty service contracts, parts, detachable hand piece replacements (except for
Titan
and
truSculpt
) and service labor for the repair and maintenance of products that are out of warranty, all of which is classified as “Service” revenue.
 
Headquartered in Brisbane, California, the Company has wholly-owned subsidiaries that are currently operational in Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Hong Kong, Japan, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. These subsidiaries market, sell and service the Company
’s products outside of the United States. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts, transactions and balances have been eliminated.
 
Unaudited Interim Financial Information
 
The interim financial information filed included in this report is unaudited. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that the Company considers necessary for the fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods covered and of the financial condition of the Company at the date of the interim balance sheet. The
December 31, 2016
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was derived from audited financial statements, but does
not
include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The results for interim periods are
not
necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year or any other interim period. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company
’s previously filed audited financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form
10
-K for the year ended
December 31, 2016
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on
March 15, 2017.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company
’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes. These estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions we
may
undertake in the future. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates these estimates, including those related to revenue elements, warranty obligations, sales commissions, accounts receivable and sales allowances, provision for excess and obsolete inventories, fair values of marketable investments, useful lives of property and equipment, fair values of performance stock units and options to purchase the Company’s stock, recoverability of deferred tax assets, legal matters and claims, and effective income tax rates, among others. Management bases these estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Not
Yet Adopted
 
Revenue Recognition
 
In
May 2014,
the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB”), jointly with the International Accounting Standards Board, issued
Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
No.
2014
-
09,
Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This new standard will replace most of the existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective and permits the use of either the retrospective or the modified retrospective method (or cumulative effect transition method).
 
 
The standard's core principle is that a reporting entity will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In applying this new guidance to contracts within its scope, an entity will: (
1
) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (
2
) identify the performance obligation in the contract, (
3
) determine the transaction price, (
4
) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (
5
) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. Additionally, this new guidance would require significantly expanded disclosures about revenue. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods (including interim reporting periods within those annual periods) beginning after
December 15, 2017.
Entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt this new standard.
 
While the Company has
not
completed its evaluation,
the Company currently plans to adopt this accounting standard in the
first
quarter of fiscal year
2018
using the modified retrospective method. Based on the
analysis performed through the
third
quarter of
2017,
t
he Company believes that the timing and measurement of revenue recognition under its contracts with customers for its
Product and Service revenue
will
not
change significantly. 
However, the basis of revenue recognition will change to
one
based on the transfer of control of products and services. Also based on the analysis performed,
the Company expects that incremental contract acquisition costs of obtaining revenue generating contracts, such as sales commissions paid in connection with system sales with multi-year post-warranty service contracts, would be capitalized and amortized over the
customer relationship period
. Under the current guidance, the Company expenses such costs when incurred. The Company is in the process of calculating the adjustment that would be required for capitalizing the sales commissions to accumulated deficit
and completing the analysis and documentation required for the implementation of ASC
606
upon adoption of the standard on
January 1, 2018.
 
The new revenue standard is principle-based and interpretation of those principles
may
vary from company to company based on their unique circumstances. It is possible that interpretation, industry practice, and guidance
may
evolve as companies and the accounting profession work to implement this new standard.
As the Company completes its evaluation of this new standard, new information
may
arise that could change the Company’s current understanding of the impact to revenue and expense recognized. Additionally, the Company will continue to monitor industry activities and any additional guidance provided by regulators, standards setters, or the accounting profession and adjust the Company’s assessment and implementation plans accordingly.
 
The new standard requires comprehensive disclosures of quantitative and qualitative information that enables users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Company is in the process of preparing the expanded disclosure required under ASC
606.
 
Accounting for Leases
 
In
February 2016,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2016
-
02,
Leases (Topic
842
), which amends the existing accounting standards for leases. The new standard requires lessees to record a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet (with the exception of short-term leases). The new standard also requires expanded disclosures regarding leasing arrangements. The new standard becomes effective for the Company in the
first
quarter of fiscal year
2019
and early adoption is permitted. The new standard is required to be adopted using the modified retrospective approach and requires application of the new standard at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented. The Company generally does
not
finance purchases of equipment or other capital, but does lease some of its facilities. Several of the Company
’s customers finance purchases of its system products through
third
party lease companies and
not
directly with the Company. The Company does
not
believe that the new standard will change customer buying patterns or behaviors for its products. T
he Company expects that upon adoption, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities will be recognized in the balance sheet in amounts that will be material.
 
Accounting for Income Taxes
 
In
October 2016,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2016
-
16,
Income Taxes (Topic
740
): Intra-Entity Transfer of Assets Other than Inventory, which requires the recognition of the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. This ASU will be effective for the Company in the
first
quarter of
2018.
This ASU is required to be adopted using the modified retrospective approach, with a cumulative catch-up adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company does
not
believe that adopting this ASU will have a material impact on the financial Statements.
 
Adopted Accounting Pronouncement
 
Beginning fiscal year
2017,
the Company adopted ASU
No.
2016
-
09,
Improvements to Employee Share-based Payment Accounting, which changes among other things, how the tax effects of share-based awards are recognized. ASU
No.
2016
-
09
requires excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies to be recognized in the provision for income taxes as discrete items in the period when the awards vest or are settled, whereas previously such income tax effects were generally recorded as part of additional paid-in capital. The provision for income taxes for the
three
and
nine
months ended
September 30, 2017,
included excess tax benefits
of
$50,000
and
$160,000,
respectively. The recognized excess tax benefits resulted from share-based compensation awards primarily associated with employee equity plans that were vested or settled in the
three
and
nine
months ended
September 30, 2017.
This ASU also eliminates the requirement to reclassify cash flows related to excess tax benefits from operating activities to financing activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company also excluded the related tax benefits when applying the treasury stock method for computing diluted shares outstanding on a prospective basis as required by this ASU. In addition, the Company elected to continue its current practice of estimating expected forfeitures. The amount of excess tax benefits and deficiencies recognized in the provision for income taxes will fluctuate from period to period based on the price of the Company’s stock, the volume of share-based instruments settled or vested, and the value assigned to share-based instruments under GAAP.
 
 
Significant Accounting Policies
 
There have been
no
additional new or material changes to the significant accounting policies discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form
10
-K for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2016,
that are of significance or potential significance to the Company.