EX-3.4 4 dex34.htm AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS OF KNOBIAS, INC. Amended and Restated Bylaws of Knobias, Inc.

 

Exhibit 3.4

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

 

OF

 

KNOBIAS, INC.

 

(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)

 

Effective as of November 15, 2004

 

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

 

Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware shall be at The Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle. The name of the Corporation’s registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.

 

Section 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

 

ARTICLE II

STOCKHOLDER MEETINGS

 

Section 1. Annual Meeting. Annual meetings of stockholders of the Corporation for the purpose of electing directors and for the transaction of such other proper business as may come before such meetings may be held at such time, date and place as the Board of Directors shall determine by resolution. If the election of directors shall not be held on the day designated for the annual meeting or at any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors shall cause such election to be held at a special meeting of stockholders as soon thereafter as convenient. At such meeting the stockholders may elect directors and transact other business with the same force and effect as at an annual meeting duly called and held.

 

Section 2. Business at Annual or Special Meeting. No business may be transacted at any meeting of stockholders, other than business that is either (a) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), (b) otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (c) otherwise properly brought

 

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before any meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in Article II, Section 7 of these Bylaws and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at any such meeting of stockholders as determined in accordance with Article II, Section 6 hereof and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2. In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business to be properly brought before a meeting by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the Corporation.

 

To be timely, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than sixty (60) calendar days nor more than ninety (90) calendar days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) calendar days before or thirty (30) calendar days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the later of the thirtieth (30th) calendar day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth (10th) calendar day following the day on which notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever first occurs. For purposes of this Section 2, the date of a public disclosure shall include, but not be limited to, the date on which such disclosure is made in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Services, the Associated Press or any comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) (or the rules and regulations thereunder) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

 

To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must set forth as to each matter such stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii) the name and record address of such stockholder, (iii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such stockholder, (iv) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder and any material interest of such stockholder in such business and (v) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting.

 

No business shall be conducted at the annual meeting of stockholders except business brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 2, provided, however, that, once business has been properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with such procedures, nothing in this Section 2 shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any such business. If the chairman of a meeting determines that business was not properly brought before the meeting in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chairman shall declare to the meeting that the business was not properly brought before the meeting and such business shall not be transacted.

 

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Section 3. Nomination of Directors. Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation, except as may be otherwise provided in the Corporation’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, with respect to the right, if any, of holders of preferred stock of the Corporation to nominate and elect a specified number of directors in certain circumstances. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at any annual meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, (a) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (b) by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 3 and on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 3.

 

In addition to any other applicable requirements, for a nomination to be made by a stockholder, such stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of the Corporation.

 

To be timely, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation, (a) in the case of an annual meeting, not less than sixty (60) calendar days nor more than ninety (90) calendar days prior to the anniversary date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting is called for a date that is not within thirty (30) calendar days before or thirty (30) calendar days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder in order to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the later of the thirtieth (30th) calendar day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth (10th) calendar day following the day on which notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made, whichever first occurs; and (b) in the case of a special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which notice of the date of the special meeting was mailed or public disclosure of the date of the special meeting was made, whichever first occurs. For purposes of this Section 3, the date of a public disclosure shall include, but not be limited to, the date on which such disclosure is made in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Services, the Associated Press or any comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Sections 13, 14 or 15(d) (or the rules and regulations thereunder) of the Exchange Act.

 

To be in proper written form, a stockholder’s notice to the Secretary must set forth (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director (i) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (ii) the principal occupation or employment of the person, (iii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by the person and (iv) any other information relating to the person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; and (b) as to the stockholder

 

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giving the notice (i) the name and record address of such stockholder, (ii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such stockholder, (iii) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made by such stockholder, (iv) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice and (v) any other information relating to such stockholder that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Such notice must be accompanied by a written consent of each proposed nominee to being named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected.

 

No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 3. If the chairman of the meeting determines that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chairman shall declare to the meeting that the nomination was defective and such defective nomination shall be disregarded.

 

Section 4. Special Meeting. Subject to the rights of the holders of any class or series of preferred stock, special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, special meetings of stockholders, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation, may only be called, at any time, by (i) the Board of Directors of the Corporation, (ii) the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, or (iii) the Chief Executive Officer (or, in the absence of a Chief Executive Officer, the President) of the Corporation.

 

Section 5. Place and Time. Annual meetings and special meetings shall be held at such place, within or without the State of Delaware, and such time as the Board of Directors may, from time to time, fix. Whenever the Board of Directors or the officer of the Corporation calling a meeting shall fail to fix such place or time, the meeting shall be held at the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware at four o’clock in the afternoon.

 

Section 6. Fixing of Record Date. The Board of Directors may set a record date for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of the stockholders. The record date, which may not be prior to the close of business on the day the record date is fixed, shall be not more than 60 days nor less than 10 days before the date of the meeting of the stockholders. All persons who were holders of record of shares at such time, and not others, shall be entitled to vote at such meeting and any adjournment thereof.

 

Section 7. Notice. Notice of the place, date and time of the holding of each stockholders’ meeting and, if the meeting is a special meeting, the purpose or purposes of the special meeting, shall be given personally or by mail or transmitted to the stockholder by electronic mail to any electronic mail address of the stockholder or by any other electronic means, not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of such meeting, to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting and to each

 

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other stockholder entitled to notice of the meeting. Notice by mail shall be deemed to be duly given when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the stockholder at his or her address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid. Notice of any meeting of stockholders shall be deemed waived by any stockholder who shall attend such meeting, in person or by proxy, or who, either before or after the meeting, shall submit a signed waiver of notice which is filed with the records of the meeting.

 

Section 8. Adjourned Meeting. No notice need be given of any adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken, except that if the adjournment is for more than 30 days, or if a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record on the new record date entitled thereto. At any adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted on the original date of the meeting.

 

Section 9. Conduct of Meetings. Meetings of the stockholders shall be presided over by the Chairman of the Board, who shall be an independent director. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board at any meeting of stockholders, another independent director chosen by the directors present shall chair the meeting. The Secretary of the Corporation, or in his absence, any Assistant Secretary, shall act as secretary of every meeting, but if neither the Secretary nor an Assistant Secretary is present, the chairman of the meeting shall appoint a Secretary of the meeting. The order of business at all meetings of the stockholders shall be as determined by the chairman of the meeting.

 

Section 10. Appointment of Inspectors. The Board of Directors, in advance of any meeting, may, but need not, appoint one or more inspectors, who need not be stockholders, to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. If an inspector or inspectors are not appointed, the person presiding at the meeting may, but need not, appoint one or more inspectors. In case any person who may be appointed as an inspector fails to appear or act, the vacancy may be filled by appointment made at the meeting by the person presiding thereat. Each inspector, if any, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of his ability. The inspectors, if any, shall determine the number of shares of stock outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares of stock represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the validity and effect of proxies, and shall receive votes, ballots or consents, hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, determine the result, and do such acts as are proper to conduct the election or vote with fairness to all stockholders. On request of the person presiding at the meeting or any stockholder, the inspector or inspectors, if any, shall make a report in writing of any challenge, question or matter determined by him or them and execute a certificate of any fact found by him or them.

 

Section 11. List of Stockholders. The Secretary or such other officer of the Corporation having charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each

 

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stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city or other municipality or community where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.

 

Section 12. Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, the presence, in person or by proxy, of the holders of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote thereat shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of stockholders for the transaction of any business. When a quorum is once present to organize a meeting, it is not broken by the subsequent withdrawal of any stockholders. The stockholders present may adjourn a meeting despite the absence of a quorum.

 

Section 13. Proxy Representation. Any stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy in all matters in which a stockholder is entitled to participate, whether by waiving notice of any meeting, voting or participating at a meeting, or expressing consent or dissent without a meeting. Every proxy must be signed by the stockholder or by his attorney-in-fact. No proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date unless such proxy provides for a longer period. A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and, if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A proxy may be made irrevocable regardless of whether the interest with which it is coupled is an interest in the stock itself or an interest in the Corporation generally.

 

Section 14. Voting. Except as otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, each holder of record of shares of stock of the Corporation having voting rights shall be entitled at each meeting of stockholders to one vote for each share of stock of the Corporation standing in his name on the records of the Corporation on the date fixed as the record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at such meeting. Except as otherwise provided herein, by statute, or by the Certificate of Incorporation, any corporate action (including the election of directors) to be taken by vote of the stockholders shall require the approval of the holders of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote on such action. Unless required by statute, or determined by the chairman of the meeting to be advisable, the vote on any question need not be by ballot. On a vote by ballot, each ballot shall be signed by the stockholder voting, or by his or her proxy, if there be such proxy, and shall state the number of shares voted. If authorized by the Board of Directors, such requirement of a written ballot shall be satisfied by a ballot submitted by electronic submission, provided that any such electronic submission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder or proxy holder.

 

Section 15. Stockholder Action Without Meeting. No action shall be taken by the stockholders except at an annual or special meeting of stockholders called in accordance with these Bylaws, and no action shall be taken by the stockholders by written consent or by electronic transmission.

 

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ARTICLE III

DIRECTORS

 

Section 1. Powers, Qualifications and Number. The property, business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, except as may be otherwise provided by statute or the Certificate of Incorporation. A director need not be a stockholder, a citizen of the United States, or a resident of the State of Delaware. The number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall not be less than three nor more than nine, the exact number of which shall be fixed from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors. A majority of the entire Board of Directors shall be “independent” directors. An “independent” director means a person other than an officer or employee of the Corporation or its subsidiaries or any other individual having a relationship which, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

 

Section 2. Election, Term and Vacancies. At each annual meeting of the stockholders, directors elected to succeed those directors whose terms then expire shall be elected for a term of office to expire at the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after their election, with each director to hold office until his or her successor shall have been duly elected and qualified. Directors who are elected in the interim prior to such a meeting to fill newly created directorships shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders, until their respective successors have been elected and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. In the interim prior to a meeting of stockholders for the election of directors, newly created directorships and any vacancies in the Board of Directors, including vacancies resulting from the removal of directors, may be filled only by the vote of a majority of the directors that the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies.

 

Section 3. Resignation and Removal. Any director may resign at any time by giving written notice of his resignation to the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if no time is specified, immediately upon receipt; unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any or all of the directors may be removed from office at any time, but only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least eighty percent (80%) of the voting power of the then issued and outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote, voting together as a single class.

 

Section 4. Compensation of Directors. The Board of Directors shall have authority to fix the compensation of directors for services to the Corporation in any capacity, including a fixed sum and reimbursement of expenses for attendance at meetings of the Board of Directors and committees thereof. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation, its subsidiaries or affiliates in any capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

 

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ARTICLE IV

COMMITTEES

 

Section 1. Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In addition, in the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he, she or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Each such committee shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and have such names and duties may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the Board of Directors. Each committee shall keep minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors.

 

Section 2. Audit Committee. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board, may designate one (1) or more directors to constitute an Audit Committee, all of whom shall be independent directors. The Audit Committee shall recommend the Corporation’s certified public accountants for approval by the Board, and shall monitor the effectiveness of the audit effort, the Corporation’s internal financial and accounting organization and controls and financial reporting. The duties and procedures of the Audit Committee shall be prescribed by the Board of Directors in the committee’s charter which may be amended by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion from time to time.

 

Section 3. Nominating Committee. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board, may designate one (1) or more directors to constitute a Nominating Committee, a majority of whom shall be independent directors. The Nominating Committee shall make recommendations to the Board regarding the size and composition of the Board, establish procedures for the nomination process, recommend candidates for election to the Board and nominate officers for election by the Board. The duties and procedures of the Nominating Committee shall be prescribed by the Board of Directors in the committee’s charter which shall be adopted and may be amended by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion from time to time.

 

Section 4. Executive Compensation Committee. The Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board, may designate one (1) or more directors to constitute an Executive Compensation Committee, all of whom shall be independent directors. The Human Resources Committee shall administer the Corporation’s stock plans, including the review and grant of stock options to all eligible employees under the Corporation’s existing stock option plans, and review and approve salaries and other matters relating to compensation of the executive officers of the Corporation. The duties and procedures of the Executive Compensation Committee shall be prescribed by the Board of Directors in the committee’s charter which shall be adopted and may be amended by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion from time to time.

 

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ARTICLE V

MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

 

Section 1. Place, Time, Call and Notice. Notice of each special meeting of the Board of Directors (and of each regular meeting for which notice shall be required) shall be given by the Secretary as hereinafter provided in this Section, in which notice shall be stated the time and place of the meeting. Except as otherwise required by these Bylaws, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or the Delaware General Corporation Law, such notice need not state the purposes of such meeting. Notice of each such meeting shall be mailed, postage prepaid, to each director, addressed to him or her at his or her residence or usual place of business, by first class mail, at least two (2) days before the day on which such meeting is to be held, or shall be sent addressed to him or her at such place by facsimile or other electronic means, or be delivered to him or her personally or be given to him or her by telephone or other similar means, at least twenty-four (24) hours before the time at which such meeting is to be held. Notice of any such meeting need not be given to any director who shall, either before or after the meeting, submit a signed waiver of notice, a waiver by electronic transmission, or who shall attend such meeting, except when he or she shall attend for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully, called or convened.

 

Section 2. Quorum and Action. A majority of the total number of directors which the Corporation would have if there were no vacancies shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, and, except as otherwise expressly required by statute or the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. In the absence of a quorum at any meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the directors present thereat may adjourn such meeting to another time and place. Notice of the time and place of any such adjourned meeting shall be given to all of the directors unless such time and place were announced at the meeting at which the adjournment was taken,

 

Section 3. Conduct of Meetings. The Chairman of the Board, if present, shall preside at all meetings. Otherwise, another independent director chosen by the directors present at the meeting shall preside. The Secretary of the Corporation, if present, shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof. Otherwise, a director or officer of the Corporation appointed by the chairman of the meeting shall act as secretary and keep the minutes thereof.

 

Section 4. Action by Consent. Unless restricted by the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted to be taken by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the, case may be. Such filing shall be

 

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in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

 

Section 5. Telephonic Meeting. Unless restricted by the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, any one or more members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.

 

ARTICLE VI

INDEMNIFICATION

 

Section 1. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings Other than Those by or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 3 of this Article VI, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, such person had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that such person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.

 

Section 2. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings by or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to Section 3 of this Article VI, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter

 

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as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

 

Section 3. Authorization of Indemnification. Any indemnification under this Article VI (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director or officer is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 1 or Section 2 of this Article VI, as the case may be. Such determination shall be made (i) by a majority vote of the directors who are not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, even though less than a quorum, or (ii) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (iii) by the stockholders. To the extent, however, that a director or officer of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding described above, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith, without the necessity of authorization in the specific case.

 

Section 4. Good Faith Defined. For purposes of any determination under Section 3 of this Article VI, a person shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful, if such person’s action is based on the records or books of account of the Corporation or another enterprise, or on information supplied to such person by the officers of the Corporation or another enterprise in the course of their duties, or on the advice of legal counsel for the Corporation or another enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Corporation or another enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or another enterprise. The term “another enterprise” as used in this Section 4 shall mean any other corporation or any partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise of which such person is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent. The provisions of this Section 4 shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which a person may be deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 1 or 2 of this Article VI, as the case may be.

 

Section 5. Indemnification by a Court. Notwithstanding any contrary determination in the specific case under Section 3 of this Article VI, and notwithstanding the absence of any determination thereunder, any director or officer may apply to the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or any other court of competent jurisdiction in the State of Delaware for indemnification to the extent otherwise permissible under Sections 1 and 2 of this Article VI. The basis of such indemnification by a court shall be a determination by such court that indemnification of the director or officer is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the applicable standards of

 

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conduct set forth in Section 1 or 2 of this Article VI, as the case may be. Neither a contrary determination in the specific case under Section 3 of this Article VI nor the absence of any determination thereunder shall be a defense to such application or create a presumption that the director or officer seeking indemnification has not met any applicable standard of conduct. Notice of any application for indemnification pursuant to this Section 5 shall be given to the Corporation promptly upon the filing of such application. If successful, in whole or in part, the director or officer seeking indemnification shall also be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such application.

 

Section 6. Expenses Payable in Advance. Expenses incurred by a director or officer in defending or investigating a threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article VI.

 

Section 7. Nonexclusivity of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by or granted pursuant to this Article VI shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the Certificate of Incorporation or any Bylaw, agreement, contract, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or pursuant to the direction (howsoever embodied) of any court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, it being the policy of the Corporation that indemnification of the persons specified in Section 1 and 2 of this Article VI shall be made to the fullest extent permitted by law. The provisions of this Article VI shall not be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not specified in Section 1 or 2 of this Article VI but whom the Corporation has the power or obligation to indemnify under the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or otherwise.

 

Section 8. Insurance. The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was a director or officer of the Corporation serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power or the obligation to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Article VI.

 

Section 9. Certain Definitions. For purposes of this Article VI, references to “the Corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors or officers, so that any person who is or was a director or officer of such constituent corporation, or is or was a director or officer of such constituent corporation serving at the request of such constituent

 

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corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article VI with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as such person would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued. For purposes of this Article VI, references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the Corporation” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director or officer with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation” as referred to in this Article VI.

 

ARTICLE VII

OFFICERS

 

Section 1. Number, Election and Vacancies. The officers of the Corporation shall consist of either a Chief Executive Officer or a President, or both, a Secretary, a Chief Financial Officer, and such other officers with such other titles as the Board of Directors shall determine, including a Chairman of the Board, and one or more Vice Presidents, Treasurers, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers, and such other officers, agents and employees as it may deem desirable. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, except the Chairman of the Board shall be an independent director. The election or appointment of an officer shall not of itself create any contract rights. A vacancy in any office may be filled for the unexpired term by the Board of Directors at any meeting.

 

Section 2. Term of Office, Resignation and Removal. Unless otherwise prescribed by the Board of Directors, each officer of the Corporation shall hold office until the meeting of the Board Directors following the next annual meeting of stockholders, until his successor has been elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice of his resignation to the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, if any, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein or, if no time is specified, immediately upon receipt; unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any officer may be removed by the Board of Directors with cause or without cause.

 

Section 3. Security. The Board of Directors may require any officer, agent or employee of the Corporation to post a bond or give other security for the faithful performance of his duties.

 

Section 4. Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board of the Corporation shall, if present, preside at each meeting of the stockholders and of the Board and shall be an ex officio member of all committees of the Board. He shall perform all duties incident to the office of Chairman of the Board and such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board.

 

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Section 5. Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer shall have the general and active management of the business of the Corporation and general and active supervision and direction over the other officers, agents and employees and shall see that their duties are properly performed. He shall perform all duties incident to the office of Chief Executive Officer and such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board.

 

Section 6. President. Unless the Board of Directors shall separately elect a Chief Executive Officer, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer. If a Chief Executive Officer has been separately elected but is absent, the President shall perform the duties of the Chief Executive Officer. If a Chief Executive Officer has been separately elected and is not absent, the President shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors and such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the Board of Directors to the Chief Executive Officer, perform all duties incident to the office of President and such other duties as may from time to time be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 7. Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and maintained, adequate and correct books and records of accounts of the properties and business transactions of the Corporation, including accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital retained earnings, and shares. The books of account shall at all reasonable times be open to inspection by any director. The Chief Financial Officer shall deposit all moneys and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the Corporation with such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. He or she shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, shall render to the President, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Board of Directors, upon request, an account of all his or her transactions as Chief Financial Officer and of the financial condition of the Corporation, and shall have other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the Bylaws.

 

Section 8. Vice Presidents. Each Vice President shall have such designation as the Board of Directors may determine and such powers and duties as the Board of Directors or, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, as the Chief Executive Officer or the President may from time to time assign to him.

 

Section 9. Secretary. The Secretary shall, if present, act as the secretary of and keep the minutes of all meetings and actions in writing of the stockholders and, if a director, of the Board of Directors, and shall be responsible for the giving of notice of all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors. He shall be custodian of the seal of the Corporation, which he shall affix to any instrument requiring it whose execution has been authorized, and of the corporate records (except accounting records), and shall have such other powers and duties as generally pertain to his office and as the Board of Directors or, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, as the Chairman of the Board, if any, or the Chief Executive Officer or President may from time to time assign to him. The Secretary shall, in the absence or non-election of the Treasurer, be the Treasurer

 

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and, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, shall exercise the powers given to the Treasurer in Section 10 of this Article VI.

 

Section 10. Treasurer. The Treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the Treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Chief Financial Officer or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Chief Financial Officer and shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board of Directors or the Chief Financial Officer.

 

Section 11. Other Officers; Absence and Disability. The other officers of the Corporation shall have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their respective offices and as the Board of Directors or, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, if any, or the Chief Executive Officer or the President may from time to time assign to them. The Assistant Vice Presidents, the Assistant Secretaries and the Assistant Treasurers, if any, shall, in the order of their respective seniorities, in case of the absence or disability of a Vice President, the Secretary, or the Treasurer, respectively, perform the duties of such officer and have such powers and other duties as the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board, if any, or the Chief Executive Officer or the President may from time to time prescribe. In case of the absence or disability of any officer of the Corporation and of any person herein authorized to act in his place, the Board of Directors may from time to time delegate the powers and duties of such officer to any other officer or any person whom it may select.

 

Section 12. Compensation of Officers. The Board of Directors shall have authority to fix the salary and other compensation, if any, of any officer of the Corporation or to appoint a committee for such purpose. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any officer from receiving a salary or other compensation by reason of the fact that he is also a director of the Corporation, but any such officer who is also a director shall not have any vote in the determination of the salary or other compensation to be paid to him.

 

ARTICLE VIII

CORPORATE RECORDS; BANK ACCOUNTS

 

Section 1. Form of Records. Any records maintained by the Corporation in the regular course of its business, including its stock ledger, books of account and minute books, may be kept on or be in the form of punch cards, magnetic tape, photographs, microphotographs or any other information storage device, provided that the records so kept can be converted into clearly legible written form within a reasonable time. The Corporation shall so convert any records so kept upon the request of any person entitled by statute to inspect the same.

 

Section 2. Examination of Books by Stockholders. The books, accounts and records of the Corporation may be kept at such place or places as the Board of Directors may from time to time

 

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determine. The Board of Directors shall determine whether and to what extent the books, accounts and records of the Corporation, or any of them, shall be open to the inspection of stockholders, and no stockholder shall have any right to inspect any book, account or record of the Corporation except as provided by statute or by resolution of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 3. Bank Accounts. The Board of Directors may from time to time authorize the opening and maintenance of general and special bank accounts with such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the Board of Directors may designate or as may be designated by any officers of the Corporation to whom such power of designation may from time to time be delegated by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may make such special rules and regulations with respect to such bank accounts, not inconsistent with the provisions of these Bylaws, as it may deem expedient.

 

ARTICLE IX

SHARES OF STOCK

 

Section 1. Certificates Representing Stock. Every holder of stock in the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed, in the name of the Corporation, by the Chairman of the Board or by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation certifying the number of shares owned by him in the Corporation.

 

Whenever the Corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class of stock, and whenever the Corporation shall issue any shares of its stock as partly paid stock, the certificates representing shares of any such class or series or of any such partly paid stock shall set forth thereon the statements prescribed by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. Any restrictions on the transfer or registration of transfer of any shares of stock of any class or series shall be noted conspicuously on the certificate representing such shares.

 

The Corporation may issue a new certificate of stock in place of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, and the Board of Directors may require the owner of any lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft, or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of any such new certificate.

 

Section 2. Stock Transfers. Upon compliance with provisions restricting the transfer or registration of transfer of shares of stock, if any, transfers or registration of transfers of shares of stock of the Corporation shall be made only on the stock ledger of the Corporation by the registered holder thereof, or by his attorney thereunto authorized by power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary of the Corporation or with a transfer agent or a registrar, if any, and on surrender of the certificate or certificates for such shares of stock properly endorsed and the payment of all taxes due thereon.

 

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Section 3. Record Date For Stockholders. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date: (i) in the case of determination of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders or adjournment thereof shall, unless otherwise required by law, not be more than 60 nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting; (ii) in the case of determination of stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, shall not be more than ten days from the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors; and (iii) in the case of any other action, shall not be more than 60 days prior to such other action. If no record date is fixed: (i) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held; (ii) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action of the Board of Directors is required by law, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation in accordance with applicable law, or, if prior action by the Board of Directors is required by law, shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action, and (iii) the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

 

Section 4. Facsimile Signatures. Any or all of the signatures on a certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if he or she were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

 

Section 5. Transfer Agents and Registrars. The Board of Directors may appoint one or more transfer agents and one or more registrars, whose respective duties shall be defined by the Board of Directors. The duties of transfer agent and registrar may be combined. No certificate for shares of stock shall be valid unless countersigned by a transfer agent, if the Corporation has a transfer agent, or by a registrar, if the Corporation has a registrar. The signature of a transfer agent or a registrar may be a facsimile.

 

Section 6. Regulations. The Board of Directors may make such additional rules and regulations, not inconsistent with these bylaws, as it may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificates for shares of stock of the Corporation.

 

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ARTICLE X

CORPORATE SEAL

 

The corporate seal, if any, shall be in such form as the Board of Directors shall prescribe. The corporate seal on any corporate bond or other obligation for the payment of money may be a facsimile, engraved or printed.

 

ARTICLE XI

FISCAL YEAR

 

The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be the calendar year or such other fiscal year as the Board of Directors may from time to time fix.

 

ARTICLE XII

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

Section 1. Dividends. Subject to the provisions of applicable law and the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, dividends upon the shares of capital stock of the Corporation may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of stock of the Corporation, unless otherwise provided by applicable law or the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

 

Section 2. Reserves. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Board of Directors may, from time to time, in its absolute discretion, thinks proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors may think conducive to the interest of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserves in the manner in which they were created.

 

Section 3. Check, Notes, Drafts, Etc. All checks, notes, drafts or other orders for the payment of money of the Corporation shall be signed, endorsed or accepted in the name of the Corporation by such officer, officers, person or persons as from time to time may be designated by the Board of Directors or by an officer or officers authorized by the Board of Directors to make such designation.

 

Section 4. Execution of Contracts, Deeds, Etc. The Board of Directors may authorize any officer or officers, agent or agents, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation to enter into or execute and deliver any and all agreements, deeds, bonds, mortgages, contracts and other obligations or instruments, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

 

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Section 5. Voting of Stock in Other Corporations. Unless otherwise provided by resolution, of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, or the President, from time to time, may (or may appoint one or more attorneys or agents to) cast the votes which the Corporation may be entitled to cast as a stockholder or otherwise in any other corporation, any of whose shares or securities may be held by the Corporation, at meetings of the holders of the shares or other securities of such other corporation. In the event one or more attorneys or agents are appointed, the Chairman of the Board or the President may instruct the person or persons so appointed as to the manner of casting such votes or giving such consent. The Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, if one is elected and acting, or the President may, or may instruct the attorneys or agents appointed to, execute or cause to be executed in the name and on behalf of the Corporation and under its seal or otherwise, such written proxies, consents, waivers or other instruments as may be necessary or proper in the circumstances.

 

ARTICLE XIII

AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS

 

The power to repeal, alter, amend and rescind these Bylaws and to adopt new Bylaws shall be vested in the Board of Directors, provided that the Board of Directors may delegate such power, in whole or in part, to the stockholders; provided, however, that in the case of amendments by stockholders, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least eighty percent (80%) of the voting power of the issued and outstanding shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote, voting together as a single class, shall be required to alter, amend or repeal any provision of the Bylaws.

 

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CERTIFICATE

 

The undersigned certifies that he is the duly elected, qualified and acting Secretary of Knobias, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”), and that attached hereto is a complete and correct copy of the Bylaws of the Corporation as duly adopted as of                             , 2004, by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have signed my name effective as of this              day of                     , 2004.

 

 
Secretary

 

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