Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Business

WageWorks, Inc., (together with its subsidiaries, “WageWorks” or the “Company”) was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 2000. The Company is a leader in administering Consumer-Directed Benefits (“CDBs”), which empower employees to save money on taxes while also providing corporate tax advantages for employers.

The Company operates as a single reportable segment on an entity level basis, and considers itself to operate under one operating and reporting segment with healthcare, transit and other employer sponsored programs representing a group of similar products lines. The Company believes that it engages in a single business activity and operates in a single economic environment.

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The results of the interim period presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the results of future periods or annual results for the year ending December 31, 2018.

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2017 audited financial statements and related notes, together with management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. The December 31, 2017 consolidated balance sheet, included in this interim Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, was derived from audited financial statements. Certain prior year amounts in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation as a result of the adoption of new accounting guidance Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting ("ASU 2016-09"). See "Recent Accounting Pronouncements" section below.

Other than the adoption of ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" and ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of WageWorks, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Revenue Recognition

On January 1, 2018, we adopted the requirements of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASC 606”) as discussed further in Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements below. ASC 606 establishes a principle for recognizing revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the expected consideration received in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 also includes Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs-Contracts with Customers, which requires the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Collectively, references to ASC 606 used herein refer to both ASC 606 and Subtopic 340-40.

We account for revenue contracts with customers by applying the requirements of ASC 606, which include the following steps:


•	Identification of the contract, or contracts, with the customer;


•	Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;


•	Determination of the transaction price;


•	Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and


•	Recognition of the revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Our revenues are derived primarily from benefit service administration, interchange and other commissions and other revenue which includes services related to enrollment and eligibility, non-healthcare, and employee account administration (i.e., tuition and health club reimbursements) and project-related professional services. We account for individual products and services separately if they are distinct-that is, if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items in the contract and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer.

We account for a contract with a customer when there is approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. We measure revenue based on the consideration specified in the contract with each customer, net of any sales incentives and taxes collected on behalf of government authorities. We recognize revenue in a manner that best depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to the customer, when control of the product or service is transferred to a customer. We make significant judgments when determining the appropriate timing of revenue recognition.

Based upon similar operational and economic characteristics, the Company’s revenues are disaggregated into Healthcare, Commuter, COBRA and Other revenue. The Company believes these revenue categories depict how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.


•	Healthcare and commuter programs include revenues generated from the monthly administration services based on employee participant levels and interchange and other commission revenues.


•	COBRA revenue is generated from the administration of continuation of coverage services for participants who are no longer eligible for the employer’s health benefits, such as medical, dental, vision and for the continued administration of employee participants’ Health Reimbursement Arrangements (“HRAs”), and certain healthcare Flexible Spending Accounts (“FSAs”).


•	Other revenue includes services related to enrollment and eligibility, non-healthcare, employee account administration (i.e., tuition and health club reimbursements).

Within our Healthcare and Commuter service lines, we have determined that our administration services are a single continuous service. These services are consumed as they are received and the Company recognizes service revenue over time on a monthly basis as it satisfies its performance obligations. As such, the Company recognizes revenue in each month for the administration services provided in that month using the variable consideration allocation exception. The Company applies this exception because it concluded that the nature of its obligations and the variable payment terms are aligned and the uncertainty related to the consideration is resolved on a monthly basis as the Company satisfies its obligations. The administration services are typically billed in the period in which services are performed.

COBRA requires employers to make health coverage available for terminated employees for a period of up to 36 months post-termination. Similar to our Healthcare and Commuter service lines, our COBRA administration services are a single continuous service. These services are consumed as they are received and the Company recognizes service revenue over time on a monthly basis as it satisfies its performance obligations. As such, the Company recognizes revenue in each month for the COBRA administration services provided in that month using the variable consideration allocation exception. The administration services are typically billed in the period in which services are performed.

We also recognize revenues that are generated from the use of debit cards used by employee participants related to the distribution, management and monitoring of such cards and used in connection with our benefits administration services for Healthcare and Commuter service lines. These related fees are known as interchange fees and are based upon a percentage of the amounts transacted on each card. We have determined that our performance obligation for interchange is a single continuous service, which is satisfied over time each month. Therefore, we recognize interchange revenue on a monthly basis based on the services provided and use the variable consideration allocation exception. The interchange revenues are typically billed in the period in which services are performed.

Contract Assets Contract assets include amounts related to our enforceable right to consideration for completed performance obligations not yet invoiced. The contract assets are transferred to the receivables balance when the rights become unconditional.

Contract Liabilities Contract liabilities are recorded as deferred revenues and include payments received in advance of performance under the contract. We generally invoice our customers for services as they are provided on a monthly basis, however in limited instances we may invoice in advance of services to be provided. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when the services are provided to the customer. Contract liabilities that are anticipated to be recognized during the succeeding twelve-month period are recorded as current deferred revenue and the remaining portion is recorded as noncurrent.

Contract Costs ASC 606 requires the recognition of an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if the entity expects to recover such costs. Incremental costs are costs that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been obtained. Examples of contract costs are commissions paid to sales personnel. Sales commissions earned by the Company’s sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions for initial contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that has been determined to be six years. The Company determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration length of customer contracts, useful life of developed technology, regulatory oversight the Company is subject to, and other factors. Amortization expense is included in Sales and marketing expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Use of Estimates

In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosure in conformity with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), the Company must make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to revenue recognition, allocation of purchase consideration to acquired assets and liabilities from business combinations, allowances for doubtful accounts, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, loss contingencies, income taxes, the assumptions used for stock-based compensation including attainment of performance-based awards, the assumptions used for software and web site development cost classification, and recoverability and impairments of goodwill and long-lived assets and average customer life. Actual results may be materially different from those estimates. In making its estimates, the Company considers the current economic and legislative environment.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit with banks and money market funds, stated at cost, as well as commercial paper with an original maturity of less than 90 days as further described under Marketable Securities below. To the extent the Company’s contracts do not provide for any restrictions on the Company’s use of cash that it receives from clients, the cash is recorded as cash and cash equivalents.

The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents represent funding and pre-funding balances received from customers for which the Company has a corresponding current obligation. In all cases where we have collected cash from a customer but not fulfilled services (the payment of participant healthcare claims and commuter benefits), the Company recognizes a related liability to its customers, classified as customer obligations in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Restricted cash represents cash used to collateralize standby letters of credit which were issued to the benefit of a third party to secure a contract with the Company.

The following table summarizes the Company's cash and cash equivalents as at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

Marketable Securities

The Company determines the classification of its investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase. Marketable securities of highly liquid investments with stated maturities of three months or less when purchased are classified as cash equivalents and those with stated maturities of between three months and one year as short-term investments. Marketable securities with maturities beyond twelve months are also included in short-term investments within current assets as the Company intends for its investments to support current operations and other strategic initiatives. These securities are reported at fair value, which includes the accrued interest of interest-bearing securities. Unrealized gains and losses from debt securities, net of taxes, are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a component of stockholders' equity, except for unrealized losses determined to be other-than-temporary which will be recorded within other income (expense). Realized gains and losses on the sale of marketable securities are recorded in other income (expense).

Receivables

Receivables represent both trade receivables from customers in relation to fees for the Company’s services and unpaid amounts for benefit services provided by third-party vendors, such as transit agencies and healthcare providers for which the Company records a receivable for funding and a corresponding customer obligations liability until the Company disburses the balances to the vendors. The Company provides for an allowance for doubtful accounts by specifically identifying accounts with a risk of collectability and providing an estimate of the loss exposure. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts on a quarterly basis. Account balances are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Write offs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 were not significant.

The Company offsets on a customer by customer basis unpaid amounts for benefit services and customer obligation balances for financial reporting presentation. Additionally, the Company offsets outstanding trade and non-trade receivables, including any debit or credit memos, against any prefund balances after plan year close or upon termination of services both based on the completion of a full reconciliation with the customer.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation on computer and equipment and furniture and fixtures is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of those assets, ranging from 3 to 5. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful life or the lease term. When events or circumstances suggest an asset’s life is different than initially estimated, management reassesses the useful life of the asset and recognizes future depreciation prospectively over the revised life.

When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation / amortization are removed from their respective accounts, and any gain or loss on such sale or disposal is reflected in operating expenses.

Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Expenditures that substantially increase an asset’s useful life are capitalized.

Software and Web Site Development Costs

Costs incurred to develop software for internal use are capitalized and amortized over the technology’s estimated useful life, generally four years. When events or circumstances suggest an asset’s life is different than initially estimated, management reassesses the useful life of the asset and recognizes future amortization prospectively over the revised life. Costs incurred related to the planning and post implementation phases of development are expensed as incurred. Costs associated with the platform content or the repair or maintenance, including transfer of data between existing platforms are expensed as incurred.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, we utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible and we consider counterparty credit risk in our assessment of fair value. Carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, approximate their fair values as of the balance sheet dates because of their short maturities. The carrying value of the Company’s debt under the credit facility is estimated to approximate fair value as the interest rate approximates the market rate for debt securities with similar terms and risk characteristics. The determination of the fair value of the Company’s marketable securities is further explained in Note 5 Investments and Fair Value Measurements.

The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. The Company determines fair value based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels:


•	Level 1 Inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the reporting entity at the measurement date.


•	Level 2 Inputs: Other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.


•	Level 3 Inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for indicators of impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such assets may not be recoverable. An impairment of long-lived assets exists when the carrying amount of a long-lived asset group, exceeds its fair value. Such impairment arises in circumstances when such assets are assessed and determined to have no continuing or future benefit. Impairment losses are recorded when the carrying amount of the impaired asset group is not recoverable. Recoverability is determined by comparing the carrying amount of the asset or asset group to the undiscounted cash flows which are expected to be generated from its use. If the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds its fair value.

Acquisitions, Goodwill and Definite lived Intangible Assets

The cost of an acquisition is allocated to the tangible assets and definite lived intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair value at the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents the excess cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in the acquisition and is not amortized, but rather is tested for impairment.

Definite lived intangible assets, consisting of client/broker contracts and relationships, trade names, technology, noncompete agreements and favorable lease arrangements, are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. All definite lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated remaining economic lives, generally ranging from one to ten years. Amortization expense related to these intangible assets is included in amortization expense on the consolidated statements of income.

The Company performs a goodwill impairment test annually on December 31^st and more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The following are examples of triggering events that could indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit has fallen below the unit’s carrying amount:


•	A significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate


•	An adverse action or assessment by a regulator


•	Unanticipated competition


•	A loss of key personnel


•	A more likely than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or otherwise disposed of

An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. When reviewing goodwill for impairment, the Company assesses whether goodwill should be allocated to operating levels lower than the Company’s single operating segment for which discrete financial information is available and reviewed for decision-making purposes. These lower levels are referred to as reporting units. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, does not allocate resources or assess performance at the individual healthcare, commuter, COBRA or other revenue stream level, but rather at the operating segment level. Discrete financial information is therefore not maintained at the revenue stream level. The Company’s one reporting unit was determined to be the Company’s one operating segment.

Whenever events or circumstances change, entities have the option to first make a qualitative evaluation about the likelihood of goodwill impairment. In assessing the qualitative factors, the Company assesses relevant events and circumstances that may impact the fair value and the carrying amount of the reporting unit. The identification of relevant events and circumstances and how these may impact a reporting unit’s fair value or carrying amount involve significant judgments and assumptions. The judgment and assumptions include the identification of macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance, Company specific events and share price trends and making the assessment on whether each relevant factor will impact the impairment test positively or negatively and the magnitude of any such impact.

The goodwill impairment analysis is a two-step process: first, the reporting unit’s estimated fair value is compared to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the Company determines that the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, the Company moves to the second step to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the implied fair value of the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation. If impairment is deemed more likely than not, management would perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. Otherwise, the two-step goodwill impairment test is not required.

Income Taxes

The Company reports income taxes using an asset and liability approach. Deferred tax assets and liabilities arise from the differences between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the consolidated financial statements, as well as from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax amounts are determined by using the tax rates expected to be in effect when the taxes will actually be paid or refunds received, as provided under current enacted tax law. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance reduces the deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that the Company believes is more likely than not to be realized based on its judgment of all available positive and negative evidence. The weight given to the potential effect of negative and positive evidence is commensurate with the extent to which the strength of the evidence can be objectively verified. This assessment, which is completed on a taxing jurisdiction basis, takes into account a number of types of evidence, including the following:


•	The nature and history of current or cumulative financial reporting income or losses;


•	Sources of future taxable income;


•	The anticipated reversal or expiration dates of the deferred tax assets; and


•	Tax planning strategies.

The Company takes a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring the financial statement benefit of uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining whether the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement of the audit. The Company classifies interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense or benefit.

Customer Obligation Liability

Many of our customer agreements include provisions whereby our customers remit funds to us which represent prefunds of employer / client and employee participant contributions related to FSA, HRA and commuter programs. The agreements do not represent restricted cash and accordingly the amounts received are included in cash and cash equivalents on our consolidated balance sheets with a corresponding liability recorded as customer obligations. Our customers generally provide us with prefunds for their FSA and HRA programs based on a percentage of projected spending by the employee participants for the plan year and other factors. In the case of our commuter program, at the beginning of each month we receive prefunds based on the employee participants’ monthly elections. These prefunds are maintained throughout the year by our FSA, HRA and commuter clients as benefits are provided under these programs.

The Company offsets on a customer by customer basis non-trade accounts receivable and customer obligation balances for financial reporting presentation. Additionally, the Company offsets outstanding trade and non-trade receivables, including any debit or credit memos, against any prefund balances after plan year close or upon termination of services both based on the completion of a full reconciliation with the customer.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" ("ASC 606"), amending revenue recognition guidance and requiring more detailed disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for public companies effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 by applying the modified retrospective approach to all contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for the reporting period beginning January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior periods are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the prior period. We recorded an increase in total assets of $9.3 million and an increase in retained earnings of $6.9 million (net of tax effect) as of January 1, 2018 attributed to the deferral of commission costs. The tax impact resulted in an increase in deferred tax liabilities in the amount of $2.4 million with an offset to retained earnings upon adoption. See Note 3, "Revenue" for more details.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. ASU 2016-18 addresses diversity in practice from entities classifying and presenting transfers between cash and restricted cash as operating, investing or financing activities or as a combination of those activities in the statement of cash flows. The ASU requires entities to show the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the Statement of Cash Flows. As a result, transfers between such categories are no longer be presented in the Statement of Cash Flows. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 using the retrospective method. This amendment did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of income and balance sheets.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments-Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” This guidance principally affects accounting standards for equity investments, financial liabilities where the fair value option has been elected, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. Upon the effective date of the new guidance, all equity investments in unconsolidated entities, other than those accounted for using the equity method of accounting, will generally be measured at fair value through earnings. There will no longer be an available-for-sale classification and therefore, no changes in fair value will be reported in other comprehensive income (loss) for equity securities with readily determinable fair values. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018. This amendment did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of income, balance sheet or cash flows.

In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-04, Recognition of Breakage for Certain Prepaid Stored-Value Products (“ASU 2016-04”). The new guidance creates an exception under ASC 405-20, Liabilities-Extinguishments of Liabilities, to derecognize financial liabilities related to certain prepaid stored-value products using a revenue-like breakage model. The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2018. This amendment did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of income, balance sheet or cash flows.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The update provides specific guidance on a number of cash flow classification issues including contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from settlement of insurance claims, proceeds from settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies, including bank-owned life insurance policies, distributions received from equity method investees and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2018. This update did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of income, balance sheet or cash flows.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation: Scope of Modification Accounting ("ASU 2017-09"). The update amends the scope of modification accounting for shared-based payment arrangements to specify that modification accounting would not be applicable if the fair value, vesting conditions and classification of the shared-based awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2018. This update did not have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of income, balance sheet or cash flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB, issued ASU, No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases.

The Company will adopt the standard effective in the first quarter of 2019 and will not restate comparative periods upon adoption. The Company will elect a package of practical expedients for leases that commenced prior to January 1, 2019 and will not reassess: (i) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; (ii) lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (iii) initial direct costs capitalization for any existing leases. The Company will make an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial term of 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company will recognize those lease payments in the consolidated statements of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company currently expects that our operating lease commitments will be subject to the new standard and recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon its adoption of Topic 842, which will increase the total assets and total liabilities that were reported relative to such amounts prior to adoption. Refer to Note 14 for further information on operating lease commitments. The Company plans to adopt Topic 842 using the alternative modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of adoption recognized to retained earnings on January 1, 2019. The Company does not believe the new standard will have a material impact on the consolidated statements of income, nor will it have a notable impact on liquidity. The standard will also have no material impact on debt-covenant compliance under our current agreements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," which amends the FASB's guidance on the impairment of financial instruments. The ASU adds to GAAP an impairment model (known as the "current expected credit loss model") that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the timing and impact of adoption on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment." The amendments eliminate Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In addition, income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit should be considered when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The amendments also eliminate the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. The new standard is expected to be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of adoption; however, it does not believe this ASU will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) - Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”. This standard allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and requires certain disclosures about stranded tax effects and will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2019 and should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of adoption; however, it does not believe this ASU will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement." The primary focus of ASU 2018-13 is to improve the effectiveness of the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The changes affect all companies that are required to include fair value measurement disclosures. In general, the amendments in this standard are effective for all entities for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of adoption; however, it does not believe this ASU will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, "Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses." ASU 2018-19 clarifies that receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of the credit losses standard, but rather, should be accounted for in accordance with the leases standard. In general, the amendments in this standard are effective for public business entities that meet the definition of a SEC filer for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the timing and impact of adoption.

September 30, 2018

December 31, 2017

Cash and cash equivalents, unrestricted

Cash and cash equivalents, restricted

Total unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents