10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from          to          

Commission file number: 001-33883

Stride, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	95-4774688
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
11720 Plaza America 9th Floor
Reston, VA 20190	(703) 483-7000
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value	LRN	New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ⌧  No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ⌧  No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ⌧	Accelerated filer ◻
Non-accelerated filer ◻	Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐  No ⌧

As of January 24, 2025, the Registrant had 43,546,641 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share outstanding.

Stride, Inc.

Form 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended December 31, 2024

Index

		Page
		Number
PART I.	Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	40
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	40
PART II.	Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	42
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	42
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	42
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	42
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	42
Item 5.	Other Information	42
Item 6.	Exhibits	42
Signatures		43

2

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    Financial Statements (Unaudited).

STRIDE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	December 31,		June 30,
	2024		2024
				(audited)
	(In thousands except share and per share data)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	515,049	$	500,614
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $35,517 and $31,298		582,548		472,754
Inventories, net		20,707		36,748
Prepaid expenses		51,367		29,164
Marketable securities		202,447		191,672
Other current assets		16,361		14,494
Total current assets		1,388,479		1,245,446
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		48,563		54,503
Property and equipment, net		84,685		50,856
Capitalized software, net		77,299		81,952
Capitalized curriculum development costs, net		53,759		53,232
Intangible assets, net		55,170		60,282
Goodwill		246,676		246,676
Deferred tax asset		—		7,200
Deposits and other assets		116,150		120,318
Total assets	$	2,070,781	$	1,920,465
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	30,896	$	40,970
Accrued liabilities		82,664		60,796
Accrued compensation and benefits		44,508		64,878
Deferred revenue		16,797		35,742
Current portion of finance lease liability		43,212		29,146
Current portion of operating lease liability		12,583		12,748
Total current liabilities		230,660		244,280
Long-term finance lease liability		50,731		26,452
Long-term operating lease liability		39,202		45,192
Long-term debt		415,522		414,675
Deferred tax liability		470		—
Other long-term liabilities		16,091		13,841
Total liabilities		752,676		744,440
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001; 10,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued or outstanding		—		—
Common stock, par value $0.0001; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 48,890,343 and 48,576,164 shares issued; and 43,555,600 and 43,241,421 shares outstanding, respectively		4		4
Additional paid-in capital		724,839		720,033
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(43)		(42)
Retained earnings		695,787		558,512
Treasury stock of 5,334,743 shares at cost		(102,482)		(102,482)
Total stockholders’ equity		1,318,105		1,176,025
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	2,070,781	$	1,920,465

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

STRIDE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands except share and per share data)
Revenues	$	587,211	$	504,868	$	1,138,295	$	985,049
Instructional costs and services		347,353		303,694		682,584		610,987
Gross margin		239,858		201,174		455,711		374,062
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		114,758		116,885		283,267		286,453
Income from operations		125,100		84,289		172,444		87,609
Interest expense, net		(2,670)		(2,022)		(5,023)		(4,090)
Other income, net		7,330		6,538		16,108		11,703
Income before income taxes and income (loss) from equity method investments		129,760		88,805		183,529		95,222
Income tax expense		(33,361)		(22,190)		(44,638)		(23,726)
Income (loss) from equity method investments		(6)		221		(1,616)		218
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	96,393	$	66,836	$	137,275	$	71,714
Net income attributable to common stockholders per share:
Basic	$	2.24	$	1.57	$	3.20	$	1.69
Diluted	$	2.03	$	1.54	$	2.93	$	1.66
Weighted average shares used in computing per share amounts:
Basic		43,017,190		42,561,035		42,942,750		42,530,523
Diluted		47,462,688		43,463,763		46,905,355		43,214,119

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

STRIDE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Net income	$	96,393	$	66,836	$	137,275	$	71,714
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		15		(9)		(1)		(9)
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$	96,408	$	66,827	$	137,274	$	71,705

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

STRIDE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

	Stride, Inc. Stockholders' Equity
(In thousands except share data)	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Retained		Treasury Stock
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)		Earnings		Shares	Amount		Total
Balance, June 30, 2024	48,576,164	$	4	$	720,033	$	(42)	$	558,512	(5,334,743)	$	(102,482)	$	1,176,025
Net income	—		—		—		—		40,882	—		—		40,882
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		(16)		—	—		—		(16)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		8,592		—		—	—		—		8,592
Vesting of performance share units, net of tax withholding	135,921		—		—		—		—	—		—		—
Issuance of restricted stock awards	278,234		—		—		—		—	—		—		—
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards	(14,037)		—		—		—		—	—		—		—
Repurchase of restricted stock for tax withholding	(54,345)		—		(11,137)		—		—	—		—		(11,137)
Balance, September 30, 2024	48,921,937	$	4	$	717,488	$	(58)	$	599,394	(5,334,743)	$	(102,482)	$	1,214,346
Net income	—		—		—		—		96,393	—		—		96,393
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		15		—	—		—		15
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		8,110		—		—	—		—		8,110
Vesting of performance share units, net of tax withholding	3,437		—		—		—		—	—		—		—
Issuance of restricted stock awards	18,998		—		—		—		—	—		—		—
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards	(47,472)		—		—		—		—	—		—		—
Repurchase of restricted stock for tax withholding	(6,557)		—		(759)		—		—	—		—		(759)
Balance, December 31, 2024	48,890,343	$	4	$	724,839	$	(43)	$	695,787	(5,334,743)	$	(102,482)	$	1,318,105

6

	Stride, Inc. Stockholders' Equity
(In thousands except share data)	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in		Accumulated Other Comprehensive		Retained		Treasury Stock
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Income (Loss)		Earnings		Shares	Amount		Total
Balance, June 30, 2023	48,339,048	$	4	$	695,480	$	(35)	$	354,329	(5,334,743)	$	(102,482)	$	947,296
Net income	—		—		—		—		4,878	—		—		4,878
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		8,399		—		—	—		—		8,399
Issuance of restricted stock awards	424,909		—		—		—		—	—		—		—
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards	(30,085)		—		—		—		—	—		—		—
Repurchase of restricted stock for tax withholding	(52,592)		—		(2,080)		—		—	—		—		(2,080)
Balance, September 30, 2023	48,681,280	$	4	$	701,799	$	(35)	$	359,207	(5,334,743)	$	(102,482)	$	958,493
Net income	—		—		—		—		66,836	—		—		66,836
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		(9)		—	—		—		(9)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		8,429		—		—	—		—		8,429
Vesting of performance share units, net of tax withholding	15,324		—		—		—		—	—		—		—
Issuance of restricted stock awards	42,701		—		—		—		—	—		—		—
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards	(9,656)		—		—		—		—	—		—		—
Repurchase of restricted stock for tax withholding	(11,236)		—		(1,071)		—		—	—		—		(1,071)
Balance, December 31, 2023	48,718,413	$	4	$	709,157	$	(44)	$	426,043	(5,334,743)	$	(102,482)	$	1,032,678

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

STRIDE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	137,275	$	71,714
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense		55,529		54,480
Stock-based compensation expense		16,374		16,022
Deferred income taxes		9,289		425
Provision for credit losses		9,624		15,332
Amortization of fees on debt		847		834
Noncash operating lease expense		6,222		7,913
Other		1,869		1,430
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(119,416)		(61,247)
Inventories, prepaid expenses, deposits and other current and long-term assets		(4,084)		883
Accounts payable		(8,983)		(15,994)
Accrued liabilities		20,248		(20,987)
Accrued compensation and benefits		(20,303)		(14,340)
Operating lease liability		(6,437)		(8,587)
Deferred revenue and other liabilities		(16,694)		(9,849)
Net cash provided by operating activities		81,360		38,029
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment		(1,153)		(1,703)
Capitalized software development costs		(18,601)		(18,402)
Capitalized curriculum development costs		(9,841)		(8,731)
Other acquisitions, loans and investments, net of distributions		(950)		(275)
Proceeds from the maturity of marketable securities		140,740		80,361
Purchases of marketable securities		(145,865)		(120,047)
Net cash used in investing activities		(35,670)		(68,797)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayments on finance lease obligations		(16,714)		(22,491)
Repurchase of restricted stock for income tax withholding		(11,963)		(3,161)
Net cash used in financing activities		(28,677)		(25,652)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		17,013		(56,420)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		500,614		410,807
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	517,627	$	354,387
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to balance sheet as of December 31st:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	515,049	$	354,387
Deposits and other assets (restricted cash)		2,578		—
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	517,627	$	354,387

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

STRIDE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.   Description of the Business

Stride, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“Stride” or the “Company”) is a technology company providing an educational platform to deliver online learning to students throughout the U.S. The brand reflects the Company’s continued growth into lifelong learning, regardless of a student’s age or location. The Company’s platform hosts products and services to attract, enroll, educate, track progress, and support students. These products and services, spanning curriculum, systems, instruction, and support services are designed to help learners of all ages reach their full potential through inspired teaching and personalized learning. The Company’s clients are primarily public and private schools, school districts, and charter boards. Additionally, it provides solutions to employers, government agencies and consumers. These products and services are provided through two lines of revenue:

● Products and services for the General Education market are predominantly focused on core subjects, including math, English, science and history, for kindergarten through twelfth grade students to help build a common foundation of knowledge. These programs provide an alternative to traditional school options and address a range of student needs. Products and services are delivered as a comprehensive school-as-a-service offering for schools or as stand-alone products and services. A student enrolled in a school that offers Stride’s General Education program may elect to take career courses, but that student and the associated revenue is reported as a General Education enrollment and General Education revenue.

● Career Learning products and services are focused on developing skills to enter and succeed in careers in high-growth, in-demand industries—including information technology, healthcare and general business. The Company provides middle and high school students with Career Learning programs that complement their core general education coursework. Stride offers multiple career pathways through a diverse catalog of courses. The middle school program exposes students to a variety of career options and introduces career skill development. In high school, students may engage in industry content pathway courses, project-based learning in virtual teams, and career development services. High school students have the opportunity to progress toward certifications, connect with industry professionals, earn college credits while in high school, and participate in job shadowing and/or work-based learning experiences that facilitate success in today’s digital, tech-enabled economy. A student is reported as a Career Learning enrollment and associated Career Learning revenue only if the student is enrolled in a Career Learning program. Like General Education products and services, the products and services for Career Learning are sold as a comprehensive school-as-a-service offering or as stand-alone products and services. The Company also provides focused post-secondary career learning programs to adult learners, for the software engineering, healthcare, and medical fields. These programs are sold directly to consumers, employers and government agencies.

2.   Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements, and in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. The results for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending June 30, 2025, for any other interim period or for any other future fiscal year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2024 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Accordingly, the Company does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these statements include all

9

STRIDE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and footnotes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. This quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s latest annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on August 6, 2024, which contains the Company’s audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024.

The Company operates in one operating and reportable business segment as a technology company providing an educational platform to deliver proprietary and third-party curriculum, software systems and educational services designed to facilitate individualized learning for students and adults. The Chief Operating Decision Maker evaluates profitability based on consolidated results.

3.   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2020 04”) which provides relief to companies that will be impacted by the cessation of reference rate reform, e.g., LIBOR, that was tentatively planned for the end of fiscal year 2023. The ASU permitted an entity to consider contract modifications due to reference rate reform to be an event that did not require contract remeasurement. This ASU was applicable from March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 and adoption was permitted at any time during the period on a prospective basis. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, which extends the provisions of Topic 848 to December 31, 2024. The Company’s senior secured revolving credit facility includes the use of alternate rates when LIBOR is not available. The Company does not expect the change from LIBOR to an alternate rate will have a material impact to the condensed consolidated financial statements and, to the extent it enters into modifications of agreements that are impacted by the LIBOR phase-out, the Company will apply such guidance to those contract modifications.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) ("ASU 2023-07"). This update provides, among other things, enhanced segment disclosure requirements including disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. There are aspects of ASU 2023-07 that apply to entities with one reportable segment. The Company will review the extent of new disclosures necessary in the coming quarters, prior to implementation during fiscal year 2025. Other than additional disclosure, we do not expect a change to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and for interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. The Company will review the extent of new disclosures necessary in the coming quarters, prior to implementation during fiscal year 2026. Other than additional disclosure, we do not expect a change to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) ("ASU 2024-03"). This update provides investors with enhanced detail regarding components of expenses presented in the income statement, aiming to improve transparency and enable precise understanding of a company’s cost structure. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company will review the extent of new disclosures necessary in the coming quarters, prior to implementation during fiscal year 2028.

.

10

STRIDE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services using the following steps:

● identify the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

● identify the performance obligations in the contract;

● determine the transaction price;

● allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

● recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Revenues related to the products and services that the Company provides to students in kindergarten through twelfth grade or adult learners are considered to be General Education or Career Learning based on the school or adult program in which the student is enrolled. General Education products and services are focused on core subjects, including math, English, science and history, for kindergarten through twelfth grade students to help build a common foundation of knowledge. Career Learning products and services are focused on developing skills to enter and succeed in careers in high-growth, in-demand industries—including information technology, healthcare and general business, for students in middle school through high school and adult learners.

The majority of the Company’s contracts are with the following types of customers:

● a virtual or blended school whereby the amount of revenue is primarily determined by funding the school receives;

● a school or individual who licenses certain curriculum on a subscription or course-by-course basis; or

● an enterprise who contracts with the Company to provide job training.

Funding-based Contracts

The Company provides an integrated package of systems, services, products, and professional expertise that is administered together to support a virtual or blended public school. Contractual agreements generally span multiple years with performance obligations being isolated to annual periods which generally coincide with the Company’s fiscal year. Customers of these programs can obtain administrative support, information technology, academic support services, online curriculum, learning systems platforms and instructional services under the terms of a negotiated service agreement. The schools receive funding on a per student basis from the state in which the public school or school district is located. Shipments of materials for schools that occur in the fourth fiscal quarter and for the upcoming school year are recorded in deferred revenue.

The Company generates revenues under contracts with virtual and blended public schools and include the following components, where required:

● providing each of a school’s students with access to the Company’s online school and lessons;

● offline learning kits, which include books and materials to supplement the online lessons;

● the use of a personal computer and associated reclamation services;

● internet access and technology support services;

● instruction by a state-certified teacher; and

● management and technology services necessary to support a virtual or blended school. In certain contracts, revenues are determined directly by per enrollment funding.

To determine the pro rata amount of revenue to recognize in a fiscal quarter, the Company estimates the total expected funds each school will receive in a particular school year. Total funds for a school are primarily a function of the number of students enrolled in the school and established per enrollment funding levels, which are generally published on an

11

STRIDE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

annual basis by the state or school district. The Company reviews its estimates of funding periodically, and updates as necessary, by adjusting its year-to-date earned revenues to be proportional to the total expected revenues to be earned during the fiscal year. Actual school funding may vary from these estimates and the impact of these differences could impact the Company’s results of operations. Since the end of the school year coincides with the end of the Company’s fiscal year, annual revenues are generally based on actual school funding and actual costs incurred (including costs for the Company’s services to the schools plus other costs the schools may incur). The Company’s reported results are subject to annual school district financial audits, which incorporate enrollment counts, funding and other routine financial audit considerations. The results of these audits are incorporated into the Company’s monthly funding estimates for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Historically, aggregate funding estimates have differed from actual reimbursements, generally in the range of 2% of annual revenue or less, which may vary from quarter to quarter.

Each state and/or school district has variations in the school funding formulas and methodologies that it uses to estimate funding for revenue recognition at its respective schools. As the Company estimates funding for each school, it takes into account the state definition for count dates on which reported enrollment numbers will be used for per pupil funding. The parameters the Company considers in estimating funding for revenue recognition purposes include school district count definitions, withdrawal rates, new registrations, average daily attendance, special needs enrollment, academic progress, historical completion, student location, funding caps and other state specified categorical program funding.

Under the contracts where the Company provides products and services to schools, the Company is responsible for substantially all of the expenses incurred by the school and has generally agreed to absorb any operating losses of the schools in a given school year. These school operating losses represent the excess of costs incurred over revenues earned by the virtual or blended public school (the school’s expected funding), as reflected in its respective financial statements, including Company charges to the schools. To the extent a school does not receive sufficient funding for each student enrolled in the school, the school would still incur costs associated with serving the unfunded enrollment. If losses due to unfunded enrollments result in a net operating loss for the year that loss is reflected as a reduction in the revenues and net receivables that the Company collects from the school. A school net operating loss in one year does not necessarily mean the Company anticipates losing money on the entire contract with the school. However, a school’s net operating loss may reduce the Company’s ability to collect its management fees in full and recognized revenues are constrained to reflect the expected cash collections from such schools. The Company records the school’s estimated net operating loss against revenues based upon the percentage of actual revenues in the period to total estimated revenues for the fiscal year. Actual school net operating losses may vary from these estimates or revisions, and the impact of these differences could have a material impact on results of operations. For the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s revenues included a reduction for net school operating losses at the schools of $3.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively, and $8.7 million and $8.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Because the Company has agreed to absorb any operating losses of the schools, the Company records the expenses incurred by the school as both revenue and expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Amounts recorded as revenues and expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $157.5 million and $142.5 million, respectively, and for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $311.8 million and $278.6 million, respectively.

Subscription-based Contracts

The Company provides certain online curriculum and services to schools and school districts under subscription agreements. Revenues from the licensing of curriculum under subscription arrangements are recognized on a ratable basis over the subscription period. Revenues from professional consulting, training and support services are deferred and recognized ratably over the service period.

In addition, the Company contracts with individual customers who have access for one to two years to company-provided online curriculum and generally prepay for services to be received. Adult learners enroll in courses that provide specialized training in a specific industry. Each of these contracts are considered to be one performance obligation. The Company recognizes these revenues pro rata over the maximum term of the customer contract based on the defined contract price.

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Enterprise Contracts

The Company provides job training over a specified contract period to enterprises. Each of these contracts are considered to be one performance obligation. The Company recognizes these revenues based on the number of students trained during the term of the contract based on the defined contract price.

Disaggregated Revenues

The revenue recognition related to the types of contracts discussed above can span both of the Company’s lines of revenue as shown below. For example, a funding-based contract may include both General Education and Career Learning students. In total, there is one performance obligation and revenue is recognized over the Company’s fiscal year. The revenue is then disaggregated between General Education and Career Learning based on the Company’s estimated full-year enrollment totals of each category. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 94% and 93%, respectively, of the Company’s General Education revenues, and 100% and 99%, respectively, of the Company’s Middle – High School Career Learning revenues, were from funding-based contracts. During the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 94% and 93%, respectively, of the Company’s General Education revenues, and 100% and 100%, respectively, of the Company’s Middle – High School Career Learning revenues, were from funding-based contracts.

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated based on its two lines of revenue for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
General Education	$	354,315	$	313,902	$	683,722	$	613,241
Career Learning
Middle - High School		213,079		165,080		411,965		316,053
Adult		19,817		25,886		42,608		55,755
Total Career Learning		232,896		190,966		454,573		371,808
Total Revenues	$	587,211	$	504,868	$	1,138,295	$	985,049

Concentration of Customers

During the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no contracts that represented greater than 10% of total revenues.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, invoicing, and cash collection results in accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (a contract asset) and deferred revenue (a contract liability) in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Accounts receivable are recorded when there is an executed customer contract and the customer is billed. An allowance is recorded to reflect expected losses at the time the receivable is recorded. The collectability of outstanding receivables is evaluated regularly by the Company to determine if additional allowances are needed. Unbilled receivables are created when revenue is earned prior to the customer being billed. Deferred revenue is recorded when customers are billed or cash is collected in advance of services being provided.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

The opening and closing balance of the Company’s accounts receivable, unbilled receivables and deferred revenue are as follows:

	December 31,		June 30,		June 30,
	2024		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable	$	582,548	$	472,754	$	463,722
Unbilled receivables (included in accounts receivable)		21,098		19,499		20,647
Deferred revenue		16,797		35,742		76,159
Deferred revenue, long-term (included in other long-term liabilities)		683		1,097		2,061

The difference between the opening and closing balance of the accounts receivable and unbilled receivables relates to the timing of the Company’s billing in relation to month end and contractual agreements. The difference between the opening and closing balance of the deferred revenue relates to the timing difference between billings to customers and the service periods under the contract, as well as changes in the estimates of variable consideration. Typically, each of these balances are at their highest during the first quarter of the fiscal year and lowest at the end of the fiscal year. The amount of revenue recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 that was included in the previous October 1^st deferred revenue balance was $20.1 million and $34.1 million, respectively. The amount of revenue recognized during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 that was included in the previous July 1^st deferred revenue balance was $24.2 million and $35.1 million, respectively. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded revenues of $9.4 million and $3.7 million, respectively, and $9.6 million and $4.5 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, related to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. For the majority of its contracts, the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied over time, as the Company delivers, and the customer receives the services, over the service period of the contract. The Company’s payment terms are generally net 30 or net 45, but can vary depending on the customer or when the school receives its funding from the state.

The Company has elected, as a practical expedient, not to report the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with customers that have an expected duration of one year or less. The amount of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with customers which extend beyond one year as of December 31, 2024 was $0.7 million.

Significant Judgments

The Company determined that the majority of its contracts with customers contain one performance obligation. The Company markets the products and services as an integrated package building off its curriculum offerings. It does not market distinct products or services to be sold independently from the curriculum offering. The Company provides the significant service of integrating the goods and services into the operation of the school and education of its students, for which the customer has contracted.

The Company has determined that the time elapsed method is the most appropriate measure of progress towards the satisfaction of the performance obligation. Generally, the Company delivers the integrated products and services package over the course of the Company’s fiscal year. This package includes enrollment, marketing, teacher training, etc. in addition to the core curriculum and instruction. All of these activities are necessary and contribute to the overall education

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

of its students, which occurs evenly throughout the year. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis.

The Company determined that the expected value method is the most appropriate method to account for variable consideration and the Company’s forecasting method is an estimation process that uses probability to determine expected funding. On a monthly basis, the Company estimates the total funds each school will receive in a particular school year and the amount of full-year school revenues and operating expenses to determine the amount of revenue the Company will recognize. Enrollment and state funding rates are key inputs to this estimate. The estimates are adjusted monthly, and a cumulative catch-up adjustment is recorded to revenue as necessary to reflect the total revenues earned to date to be proportional to the total revenues to be earned in the fiscal year. The Company builds in known constraints (i.e., enrollment, funding, net operating losses, etc.) into the estimate of the variable consideration to record the most probable amount.

Sales Taxes

Sales tax collected from customers is excluded from revenues. Collected but unremitted sales tax is included as part of accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Revenues do not include sales tax as the Company considers itself a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting sales tax.

Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the wholly-owned and affiliated companies that the Company owns, directly or indirectly, and all controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Investments in Marketable Securities

The Company’s marketable securities generally consist of bonds and other securities which are classified as held-to-maturity. The securities with maturities between three months and one year are classified as short-term and are included in marketable securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The securities with maturities greater than one year are classified as long-term and are included in deposits and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at their amortized cost. The Company recorded interest income of $7.4 million and $5.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $15.6 million and $11.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This activity is recorded within other income (expense) within the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company reviews the held-to-maturity debt securities for declines in fair value below the amortized cost basis under the credit loss model of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (“ASC 326”). Any decline in fair value related to a credit loss is recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, with the amount of the loss limited to the difference between fair value and amortized cost. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the allowance for credit losses recognized related to held-to-maturity debt securities was zero.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s marketable securities consisted of investments in corporate bonds, U.S. treasury notes and commercial paper. The short-term and long-term portions were $202.4 million and $20.7 million, respectively. The maturities of the Company’s long-term marketable debt securities range from one to two years. The following table summarizes the amortized cost, net carrying amount, and fair value disaggregated by class of instrument (in thousands).

				Allowance for		Net Carrying		Gross Unrealized
		Amortized Cost		Credit Losses		Amount		Gains (Losses)		Fair Value
Corporate Bonds	$	52,012	$	-	$	52,012	$	60	$	52,072
U.S. Treasury Notes		42,933		-		42,933		46		42,979
Commercial Paper		128,143		-		128,143		-		128,143
Total	$	223,088	$	-	$	223,088	$	106	$	223,194

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

As of June 30, 2024, the Company’s marketable securities consisted of investments in corporate bonds, U.S. treasury notes and commercial paper. The short-term and long-term portions were $191.7 million and $21.9 million, respectively. The maturities of the Company’s long-term marketable debt securities range from one to two years. The following table summarizes the amortized cost, net carrying amount, and fair value disaggregated by class of instrument (in thousands).

				Allowance for		Net Carrying		Gross Unrealized
		Amortized Cost		Credit Losses		Amount		Gains (Losses)		Fair Value
Corporate Bonds	$	45,752	$	-	$	45,752	$	(95)	$	45,657
U.S. Treasury Notes		46,760		-		46,760		(71)		46,689
Commercial Paper		121,077		-		121,077		2		121,079
Total	$	213,589	$	-	$	213,589	$	(164)	$	213,425

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses primarily for estimated losses resulting from the inability or failure of individual customers to make required payments. The Company maintains an allowance under ASC 326 based on historical losses, changes in payment history, customer-specific information, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. The allowance under ASC 326 is updated as additional losses are incurred or information becomes available related to the customer or economic conditions.

The Company’s allowance for credit losses increased from $31.3 million as of June 30, 2024 to $35.5 million as of December 31, 2024. The increase of $4.2 million is due primarily to a $9.6 million current year provision, less $5.4 million in amounts written off.

The Company writes off accounts receivable based on the age of the receivable and the facts and circumstances surrounding the customer and reasons for non-payment. Actual write-offs might differ from the recorded allowance.

Inventories

Inventories consist primarily of textbooks and curriculum materials, a majority of which are supplied to virtual and blended public schools, and utilized directly by students. Inventories represent items that are purchased and held for sale and are recorded at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. The Company classifies its inventory as current or long-term based on the holding period. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, $11.8 million and $12.5 million, respectively, of inventory, net of reserves, was deemed long-term and included in deposits and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The provision for excess and obsolete inventory is established based upon the evaluation of the quantity on hand relative to demand. The excess and obsolete inventory reserve was $6.3 million and $5.9 million at December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively.

Other Current Assets

Other current assets primarily include textbooks, curriculum materials and other supplies which are expected to be returned upon the completion of the school year. Materials not returned are expensed as part of instructional costs and services.

Capitalized Software-as-a-Service Costs

The Company capitalizes Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) license and implementation costs incurred in cloud computing contracts that are service contracts if they meet certain requirements. Those requirements are similar to the requirements for capitalizing costs incurred to develop internal-use software. Capitalization of SaaS costs ceases once the project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended purpose. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the term of the associated hosting contract, usually between three and five years. The Company classifies its SaaS implementation costs as current or long-term based on the terms of the associated hosting contract. SaaS implementation costs deemed short-term are included in prepaid expenses, and those deemed long-term are included in

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

deposits and other assets, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Impairment is recognized when it is no longer probable that the SaaS project will be completed and placed in service.

As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the Company recorded $16.0 million and $13.3 million, respectively, of costs related to SaaS implementation within prepaid expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the Company recorded $41.7 million and $44.1 million, respectively, of costs related to SaaS implementation within deposits and other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Amortization expense reflected within instructional costs and services related to SaaS implementation costs was $0.9 million and zero during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1.6 million and zero during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense reflected within selling, general and administrative expenses related to SaaS implementation costs was $3.9 million and $3.5 million during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $8.2 million and $7.0 million during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no material impairments of SaaS implementation costs during the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset (or the lesser of the term of the lease and the estimated useful life of the asset under the finance lease). Amortization of assets capitalized under finance lease arrangements is included in depreciation expense. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. The determination of the lease term is discussed below under “Leases.”

Property and equipment are depreciated over the following useful lives:

	Useful Life
Computer hardware	3 - 7 years
Computer software	3 - 5 years
Student and state testing computers and printers	3 years
Web site development	3 years
Office equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixtures	7 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of useful life or term of the lease

The Company makes an estimate of unreturned student computers and printers based on an analysis of recent trends of returns. The Company recorded accelerated depreciation of $1.3 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $2.2 million and $2.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to unreturned student computers and printers.

Depreciation expense, including accelerated depreciation, related to computers and printers provided to students reflected in instructional costs and services for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $9.8 million and $7.7 million, respectively, and $17.3 million and $17.0 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Depreciation expense related to property and equipment reflected in selling, general, and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and $1.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company fully expenses computer peripheral equipment (e.g., keyboards, mouses) upon purchase as recovery has been determined to be uneconomical. These expenses totaled $1.1 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $3.1 million and $3.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are recorded as instructional costs and services.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Capitalized Software Costs

The Company develops software for internal use. Software development costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized. The Company amortizes these costs over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally three years. Capitalized software development costs are stated at cost less accumulated amortization.

Capitalized software additions totaled $18.6 million and $18.4 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recorded amortization expense related to capitalized software of $8.0 million and $8.4 million during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $18.9 million and $16.7 million during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, within instructional costs and services. Amortization expense related to capitalized software reflected in selling, general, and administrative expenses during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2.1 million and $1.9 million, respectively, and $4.0 million and $3.6 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Capitalized Curriculum Development Costs

The Company internally develops curriculum, which is primarily provided as online content and accessed via the Internet. The Company also creates textbooks and other materials that are complementary to online content.

The Company capitalizes curriculum development costs incurred during the application development stage, as well as the design and deployment phases of the project. As a result, a significant portion of the Company’s courseware development costs qualify for capitalization due to the concentration of its development efforts on the content of the courseware. Capitalization ends when a course is available for general release to its customers, at which time amortization of the capitalized costs begins. The period of time over which these development costs are amortized is generally five years.

Total capitalized curriculum development additions were $9.8 million and $8.7 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These amounts are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets net of amortization charges. Amortization expense for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $4.2 million and $4.4 million, respectively, and $8.8 million and $9.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is recorded in instructional costs and services.

Leases

The Company’s principal leasing activities include student computers and peripherals, classified as finance leases, and facilities, classified as operating leases.

Leases are classified as operating leases unless they meet any of the criteria below to be classified as a finance lease:

● the lease transfers ownership of the asset at the end of the lease;

● the lease grants an option to purchase the asset which the lessee is expected to exercise;

● the lease term reflects a major part of the asset’s economic life;

● the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds the fair value of the asset; or

● the asset is specialized with no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the term.

Finance Leases

The Company enters into agreements to finance the purchase of student computers and peripherals provided to students of its schools. Individual leases typically include 3-year payment terms. The Company pledges the assets financed to secure the outstanding leases.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Operating Leases

The Company enters into agreements for facilities that serve as offices for its headquarters and school operations. Lease terms vary between 1 and 9 years. Certain leases include renewal options, usually based upon current market rates, as well as termination rights. The Company performs an evaluation of each lease to determine if the lease payments included in the renewal option should be included in the initial measurement of the lease liability.

Discount Rate

The present value of the lease payments is calculated using either the rate implicit in the lease, or the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate, over the lease term. For the majority of the Company’s finance and operating leases, the stated rate is not defined within the lease terms. Therefore, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate. The incremental borrowing rate is defined as the rate of interest that a lessee would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment and is calculated using comparative credit ratings.

Policy Elections

Short-term Leases

The Company has elected as an on-going accounting policy election not to record a right-of-use asset or lease liability on its short-term facility leases of 12 months or less, and will expense its lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The accounting policy election is made by class of underlying asset to which the right of use relates. The Company has elected to apply the accounting policy election only to operating leases.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate. The net deferred tax asset is reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company records as goodwill the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Finite-lived intangible assets acquired in business combinations subject to amortization are recorded at their fair value. Finite-lived intangible assets include trade names, acquired customers and distributors, developed technology and non-compete agreements. Such intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2.5 million and $3.0 million, respectively, and $5.1 million and $6.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included within selling, general, and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Future amortization of intangible assets is expected to be $4.8 million, $8.7 million, $7.1 million, $5.3 million, and $4.5 million in the fiscal years ending June 30, 2025 through June 30, 2029, respectively, and $24.6 million thereafter.

The Company reviews its finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. If the total of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between fair value and the carrying value of the asset.

The Company has one reporting unit. The process for testing goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment is performed annually, as well as when an event triggering impairment may have occurred. Companies are also allowed to qualitatively assess goodwill impairment through a screening process which would permit companies to

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

forgo the quantitative impairment test as part of their annual goodwill impairment process. The Company performs its annual assessment on May 31^st, which is then updated for any changes in condition as of June 30^th.

During the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no events or changes in circumstances that would indicate that the carrying amount of the goodwill was impaired.

The following table represents the balance of the Company’s intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024:

	December 31, 2024						June 30, 2024
($ in millions)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Trade names	$	70.6	$	(25.9)	$	44.7	$	70.6	$	(23.5)	$	47.1
Customer and distributor relationships		37.1		(32.5)		4.6		37.1		(31.1)		6.0
Developed technology		21.7		(16.1)		5.6		21.7		(14.8)		6.9
Other		1.4		(1.1)		0.3		1.4		(1.1)		0.3
Total	$	130.8	$	(75.6)	$	55.2	$	130.8	$	(70.5)	$	60.3

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets include property, equipment, right-of-use assets, capitalized curriculum and software developed or obtained for internal use. Management reviews the Company’s recorded long-lived assets for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. The Company determines the extent to which an asset may be impaired based upon its expectation of the asset’s future usability as well as on a reasonable assurance that the future cash flows associated with the asset will be in excess of its carrying amount. If the total of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between the fair value and the carrying value of the asset. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no events or changes in circumstances that may indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived assets may not be recoverable.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Measurements are described in a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are:

Level 1:   Inputs based on quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date.

Level 2:   Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3:   Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the instrument’s valuation.

The carrying values reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and short-term obligations approximate their fair values, as they are largely short-term in nature. As of December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the long-term debt was $817.7 million. The Company estimated the fair value based on the

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

quoted market prices in an inactive market (Level 2). The long-term debt, comprised of the Company’s convertible senior notes due 2027, is recorded at face value less the unamortized debt issuance costs on its condensed consolidated balance sheet, and is discussed in more detail in Note 6, “Debt.” As of December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the Company’s marketable securities was $223.2 million. The Company estimated the fair value based on the quoted market prices in an inactive market (Level 2). The marketable securities are discussed in more detail in Note 3, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Investments in Marketable Securities.”

There were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 or June 30, 2024. There was no activity related to the Company’s fair value measurements categorized as Level 3 in the valuation hierarchy, valued on a recurring basis, during the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Basic net income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. The weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding includes vested restricted stock awards. Diluted net income (loss) per share (“EPS”) reflects the potential dilution that could occur assuming conversion or exercise of all dilutive unexercised stock options and vesting of all dilutive unvested restricted stock awards. The dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock awards was determined using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the proceeds received from the exercise of stock options and restricted stock awards, the amount of compensation cost for future service not yet recognized by the Company and the amount of tax benefits that would be recorded as income tax expense when the stock options become deductible for income tax purposes are all assumed to be used to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. Stock options and restricted stock awards are not included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share when they are antidilutive. Common stock outstanding reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets includes restricted stock awards outstanding. The dilutive effect of the Company’s convertible debt is determined using the if-converted method when the Company’s stock is trading above the conversion price. However, based on the structure of the instrument and how it is settled upon conversion, it would produce a similar result as the previously applied treasury stock method.

The following schedule presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands except share and per share data)
Basic net income per share computation:
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	96,393	$	66,836	$	137,275	$	71,714
Weighted average common shares  — basic		43,017,190		42,561,035		42,942,750		42,530,523
Basic net income per share	$	2.24	$	1.57	$	3.20	$	1.69
Diluted net income per share computation:
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	96,393	$	66,836	$	137,275	$	71,714
Share computation:
Weighted average common shares  — basic		43,017,190		42,561,035		42,942,750		42,530,523
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and convertible debt		4,445,498		902,728		3,962,605		683,596
Weighted average common shares  — diluted		47,462,688		43,463,763		46,905,355		43,214,119
Diluted net income per share	$	2.03	$	1.54	$	2.93	$	1.66

For the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 2,784,556 and 12,915 shares, respectively, that were issuable in connection with restricted stock and convertible debt were excluded from the diluted income per common share calculation because the effect would have been antidilutive. For the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 3,069,566 and 6,546 shares, respectively, were excluded. In connection with the issuance of the 1.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027 (“Notes”), the Company entered into capped call transactions (the “Capped Call Transactions”) as

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

described further in Note 6, “Debt.” The Capped Call Transactions are expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes. Prior to actual conversion, the Capped Call Transactions are not considered in calculating diluted earnings per share, as their impact would be anti-dilutive. The dilutive shares impact is based on the initial conversion rate associated with the Notes.

4.   Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes is based on earnings reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements. A deferred income tax asset or liability is determined by applying currently enacted tax laws and rates to the expected reversal of the cumulative temporary differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes. Deferred income tax expense or benefit is measured by the change in the deferred income tax asset or liability during the period. For the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s effective income tax rate was 25.7% and 24.9%, respectively, and for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the rate was 24.5% and 24.9%, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, and June 30, 2024, the balance of income taxes payable was $26.0 million and $10.7 million, respectively. Income taxes payable is recorded within accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.  

5.   Finance and Operating Leases

Finance Leases

The Company is a lessee under finance leases for student computers and peripherals under agreements with Banc of America Leasing & Capital, LLC (“BALC”) and CSI Leasing, Inc. (“CSI Leasing”). As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the finance lease liability was $93.9 million and $55.6 million, respectively, with lease interest rates ranging from 2.55% to 6.72%. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the balance of the associated right-of-use assets was $74.2 million and $39.8 million, respectively. The right-of-use asset is recorded within property and equipment, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Lease amortization expense associated with the Company’s finance leases is recorded within instructional costs and services on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company entered into an agreement with BALC in April 2020 for $25.0 million (increased to $41.0 million in July 2020) to provide financing for its leases through March 2021 at varying rates. The Company entered into additional agreements during fiscal year 2021 to provide financing of $54.0 million for its student computers and peripherals leases through October 2022 at varying rates. Individual leases with BALC include 36-month payment terms, fixed rates ranging from 2.55% to 6.72%, and a $1 purchase option at the end of each lease term. The Company has pledged the assets financed to secure the outstanding leases.

The Company entered into an agreement with CSI Leasing in August 2022 to provide financing for its leases. Individual leases under the agreement with CSI Leasing include 36-month payment terms, but do not include a stated interest rate. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the implied interest rate and the total lease payments to calculate its lease liability.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

The following is a summary, as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively, of the present value of the net minimum lease payments under the Company’s finance leases:

	December 31, 2024		June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
2025	$	25,609	$	31,655
2026		39,670		19,880
2027		27,481		7,691
2028		7,255		82
Total minimum payments		100,015		59,308
Less: imputed interest		(6,072)		(3,710)
Finance lease liability		93,943		55,598
Less: current portion of finance lease liability		(43,212)		(29,146)
Long-term finance lease liability	$	50,731	$	26,452

Operating Leases

The Company is a lessee under operating leases for various facilities to support the Company’s operations. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the operating lease liability was $51.8 million and $57.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the balance of the associated right-of-use assets was $48.6 million and $54.5 million, respectively. Lease expense associated with the Company’s operating leases is recorded within both instructional costs and services and selling, general, and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Individual operating leases range in terms of 1 to 9 years and expire on various dates through fiscal year 2034 and the minimum lease payments are discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.

The following is a summary as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively, of the present value of the minimum lease payments under the Company’s operating leases:

	December 31, 2024		June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
2025	$	7,075	$	14,263
2026		12,441		12,361
2027		8,788		8,705
2028		7,798		7,713
2029		7,613		7,599
Thereafter		12,379		12,381
Total minimum payments		56,094		63,022
Less: imputed interest		(4,309)		(5,082)
Operating lease liability		51,785		57,940
Less: current portion of operating lease liability		(12,583)		(12,748)
Long-term operating lease liability	$	39,202	$	45,192

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STRIDE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

The Company is subleasing one of its facilities through December 2025. Sublease income is recorded as an offset to the related lease expense within both instructional costs and services and selling, general, and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following is a summary as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively, of the expected sublease income:

	December 31, 2024		June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
2025	$	139	$	455
2026		139		139
Total sublease income	$	278	$	594

The following is a summary of the Company’s lease cost, weighted-average remaining lease term, weighted-average discount rate and certain other cash flows as it relates to its operating and finance leases for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Lease cost
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	9,405	$	7,144	$	16,477		$	15,986
Interest on lease liabilities		1,103		466		1,880			983
Instructional costs and services:
Operating lease cost		2,304		2,364		4,644			4,921
Short-term lease cost		13		19		26			32
Sublease income		(66)		(66)		(131)			(197)
Selling, general, and administrative expenses:
Operating lease cost		987		1,546		2,113			3,745
Short-term lease cost		23		56		46			112
Sublease income		(27)		(123)		(149)			(246)
Total lease cost	$	13,742	$	11,406	$	24,906		$	25,336
Other information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(3,178)	$	(4,968)	$	(6,437)		$	(8,587)
Financing cash flows from finance leases		(7,967)		(10,770)		(16,714)			(22,491)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities		11,100		8,434		51,939			26,277
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		—		—		282			625
Weighted-average remaining lease term - finance leases						2.19	yrs.		2.12	yrs.
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases						5.36	yrs.		5.96	yrs.
Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases						5.53	%		5.22	%
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases						2.93	%		2.84	%

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STRIDE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

6.   Debt

The following is a summary, as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively, of the components of the Company’s outstanding long-term debt:

	December 31, 2024		June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
Convertible Senior Notes due 2027	$	420,000	$	420,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		(4,478)		(5,325)
Total debt		415,522		414,675
Less: current portion of debt		—		—
Long-term debt	$	415,522	$	414,675

Convertible Senior Notes due 2027

In August and September 2020, the Company issued $420.0 million aggregate principal amount of  Notes. The Notes are governed by an indenture (the “Indenture”) between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The net proceeds from the offering of the Notes were approximately $408.6 million after deducting the underwriting fees and other expenses paid by the Company.

The Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.125% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1^st and September 1^st of each year, beginning on March 1, 2021. The Notes will mature on September 1, 2027. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded coupon interest expense of $1.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, and $2.4 million and $2.4 million, respectively, for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $11.4 million which are amortized over the contractual term of the Notes. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded interest expense related to the amortization of the debt issuance costs of $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Before June 1, 2027, noteholders will have the right to convert their Notes only upon the occurrence of certain events. After June 1, 2027, noteholders may convert their Notes at any time at their election until two days prior to the maturity date. The Company will settle conversions by paying cash up to the outstanding principal amount, and at the Company’s election, will settle the conversion spread by paying or delivering cash or shares of its common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock. The initial conversion rate is 18.9109 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $52.88 per share of common stock (lower strike price). The Notes will be redeemable at the Company’s option at any time after September 6, 2024 at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, subject to certain stock price hurdles as discussed in the Indenture.

In connection with the Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated Capped Call Transactions with certain counterparties. The Capped Call Transactions are expected to cover the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that initially underlie the Notes, and are expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes. The upper strike price of the Capped Call Transactions is $86.174 per share. The cost of the Capped Call Transactions was $60.4 million and was recorded within additional paid-in capital.

7.   Credit Facility

On January 27, 2020, the Company entered into a $100.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) to be used for general corporate operating purposes with PNC Capital Markets LLC. The Credit Facility had a five-year term and incorporated customary financial and other covenants, including but not limited to a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. The majority of the Company’s borrowings under the Credit Facility were at

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

LIBOR plus an additional rate ranging from 0.875% - 1.50% based on the Company’s leverage ratio as defined in the agreement. The Credit Facility was secured by the Company’s assets. The Credit Facility agreement allowed for an amendment to establish a new benchmark interest rate when LIBOR is discontinued during the five-year term. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants. As part of the proceeds received from the Notes, the Company repaid its $100.0 million outstanding balance and as of December 31, 2024, the Company had no amounts outstanding on the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility also included a $200.0 million accordion feature. The Credit Facility expired on January 27, 2025 and was not renewed.

8.   Equity Incentive Plan

On December 9, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2016 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the “amended and restated 2016 Plan”). The amended and restated 2016 Plan reflects an increase in the number of shares of common stock available for issuance by 1,045,000 shares, the removal of certain provisions that were otherwise required for awards to qualify as performance-based compensation under an exception to Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, prior to its repeal, an extension of the term of the amended and restated 2016 Plan to October 7, 2032, an increase to the limit on the number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of incentive stock options, and a prohibition on the payment of dividends and dividend equivalents on unvested awards.

The amended and restated 2016 Plan is designed to attract, retain and motivate employees who make important contributions to the Company by providing such individuals with equity ownership opportunities. Awards granted under the amended and restated 2016 Plan may include stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and other stock-based awards. Under the amended and restated 2016 Plan, unissued shares related to forfeited or cancelled awards granted under the amended and restated 2016 Plan or awards granted under the Company’s 2007 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the “Prior Plan”) (to the extent such awards granted under the Prior Plan were outstanding as of December 15, 2016 and were forfeited or cancelled prior to September 19, 2022), will again be available for issuance under the amended and restated 2016 Plan.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, shares tendered to pay the exercise price or tax withholding with respect to a stock option, or shares that are not issued in connection with the settlement of a stock appreciation right on exercise thereof, or shares purchased on the open market with the cash proceeds from the exercise of options will not again be available for issuance under the amended and restated 2016 Plan.

As of December 31, 2024, the remaining aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock authorized for future issuance under the amended and restated 2016 Plan was 1,758,424. As of December 31, 2024, there were 1,626,824 shares of the Company’s common stock that remain outstanding or nonvested under the amended and restated 2016 Plan and Prior Plan.

Compensation expense for all equity-based compensation awards is based on the grant-date fair value. The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. The vesting of performance-based awards is contingent on the achievement of certain performance metrics. Compensation expense is recognized retroactively, through a cumulative catch-up adjustment, when the performance conditions are satisfied or when the Company determines that it is probable that the performance conditions will be satisfied. The amount of compensation expense recognized for a performance-based award is affected by the level of achievement attained. Management has established three levels of attainment: threshold, target, and outperform. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded within selling, general, and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Restricted Stock Awards

The Company has approved grants of restricted stock awards (“RSA”) pursuant to the amended and restated 2016 Plan and Prior Plan. Under the amended and restated 2016 Plan and Prior Plan, employees, outside directors and independent contractors are able to participate in the Company’s future performance through the awards of restricted stock. Each RSA vests pursuant to the vesting schedule set forth in the restricted stock agreement granting such RSAs, generally over three years.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Restricted stock award activity during the six months ended December 31, 2024 was as follows:

		Weighted
		Average
		Grant-Date
	Shares	Fair Value
Nonvested, June 30, 2024	731,224	$	40.60
Granted	297,232		82.63
Vested	(190,320)		39.41
Canceled	(61,509)		47.43
Nonvested, December 31, 2024	776,627	$	56.43

During the six months ended December 31, 2024, 297,232 new service-based restricted stock awards were granted and in total, 776,627 remained nonvested at December 31, 2024. During the six months ended December 31, 2024, 190,320 service-based restricted stock awards vested.

Summary of All Restricted Stock Awards

As of December 31, 2024, there was $33.8 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock awards. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years. The fair value of restricted stock awards granted for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $24.6 million and $19.6 million, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $16.1 million and $9.3 million, respectively. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $4.7 million and $4.5 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock awards. During the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the expense was $9.6 million and $8.3 million, respectively.

Performance Share Units

The Company has approved grants of performance share units (“PSUs”) pursuant to the amended and restated 2016 Plan. Each PSU is earned through the achievement of a performance-based metric, combined with the continuation of employee service over a defined period. The level of performance determines the number of PSUs earned, and is generally measured against threshold, target and outperform achievement levels of the award. Each PSU represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock, or at the option of the Company, an equivalent amount of cash, and is classified as an equity or liability award. When the grant is a fixed monetary amount, and the number of shares is not determined until achievement and the value of the Company’s stock on that day, the PSU is a liability-classified award. Each PSU vests pursuant to the vesting schedule found in the respective PSU agreement.

In addition to the performance conditions of the PSUs, there is a service vesting condition which is dependent upon continuing service by the grantee as an employee of the Company, unless the grantee is eligible for earlier vesting upon a change in control and qualifying termination, as defined by the PSU agreement. PSUs are generally subject to graduated vesting schedules and stock-based compensation expense is computed by tranche and recognized on a straight-line basis over the tranches’ applicable vesting period based on the expected achievement level.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Performance share unit activity (excluding liability-classified awards) during the six months ended December 31, 2024 was as follows:

		Weighted
		Average
		Grant-Date
	Shares	Fair Value
Nonvested, June 30, 2024	759,531	$	37.73
Granted	299,908		71.40
Vested	(223,241)		37.44
Canceled	(89,191)		43.68
Nonvested, December 31, 2024	747,007	$	50.62

Fiscal Year 2025 LTIP

During the six months ended December 31, 2024, the Company granted 210,620 PSUs at target under a Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) which are tied to operating income targets and stock price performance. These PSUs had a grant date fair value of $17.0 million, or a weighted average grant-date fair value of $80.89 per share. Seventy-five percent of the earned award is based on operating income performance (“Tranche #1”) and twenty-five percent is based on the performance of the Company’s stock price (“Tranche #2”), both of which will vest after achievement is certified during the first quarter of fiscal year 2028. For Tranche #1, the level of performance will determine the number of PSUs earned as measured against threshold, target and outperform achievement levels. For Tranche #2, the number of PSUs will be earned based on the Company’s compounded annual stock price growth over a completed three-year performance period. In all cases, vesting is dependent upon continuing service by the grantee as an employee of the Company. The fair value of Tranche #2 was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Tranche #2 is a market-based award, and therefore is not subject to any probability assessment by the Company. The Company is currently amortizing Tranche #1 over the vesting period because it believes that it is probable that the metric will be achieved at target.

Fiscal Year 2024 LTIP

During fiscal year 2024, the Company granted 354,090 PSUs at target under an LTIP which are tied to operating income targets and stock price performance. These PSUs had a grant date fair value of $14.4 million, or a weighted average grant-date fair value of $40.84 per share. Seventy-five percent of the earned award is based on operating income performance (“Tranche #1”) and twenty-five percent is based on the performance of the Company’s stock price (“Tranche #2”), both of which will vest after achievement is certified during the first quarter of fiscal year 2027. For Tranche #1, the level of performance will determine the number of PSUs earned as measured against threshold, target and outperform achievement levels. For Tranche #2, the number of PSUs will be earned based on the Company’s compounded annual stock price growth over a completed three-year performance period. In all cases, vesting is dependent upon continuing service by the grantee as an employee of the Company. The fair value of Tranche #2 was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Tranche #2 is a market-based award, and therefore is not subject to any probability assessment by the Company. The Company is currently amortizing Tranche #1 over the vesting period because it believes that it is probable that the metric will be achieved at outperform.

Fiscal Year 2023 LTIP

During fiscal year 2023, the Company granted 289,640 PSUs at target under an LTIP which are tied to operating income targets and stock price performance. These PSUs had a grant date fair value of $10.0 million, or a weighted average grant-date fair value of $34.41 per share. Fifty percent of the earned award is based on operating income performance (“Tranche #1”) and fifty percent is based on the performance of the Company’s stock price (“Tranche #2”), both of which will vest after achievement is certified during the first quarter of fiscal year 2026. The grant date fair value of Tranche #1 was remeasured in October 2022 as a result of a modification of the terms of the award. Originally, performance was tied

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

to gross margin. The metric was changed to operating income to better align with shareholder feedback and technology industry and peer group common practice. The modification of the performance criteria from gross margin to operating income resulted in a new fair market value as of the modification date of $4.8 million, a decrease of $0.8 million. For Tranche #1, the level of performance will determine the number of PSUs earned as measured against threshold, target and outperform achievement levels. For Tranche #2, the number of PSUs will be earned based on the Company’s compounded annual stock price growth over a completed three-year performance period. In all cases, vesting is dependent upon continuing service by the grantee as an employee of the Company. The fair value of Tranche #2 was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Tranche #2 is a market-based award, and therefore is not subject to any probability assessment by the Company. The Company is currently amortizing Tranche #1 over the vesting period because it believes that it is probable that the metric will be achieved at outperform.

Fiscal Year 2022 LTIP

During fiscal year 2022, the Company granted 250,250 PSUs at target under an LTIP which are tied to gross margin targets and stock price performance. These PSUs had a grant date fair value of $9.1 million, or a weighted average grant-date fair value of $36.30 per share. Fifty percent of the earned award is based on gross margin performance (“Tranche #1”) and fifty percent is based on the performance of the Company’s stock price (“Tranche #2”), both of which will vest after achievement is certified during the first quarter of fiscal year 2025. For Tranche #1, the level of performance will determine the number of PSUs earned as measured against threshold, target and outperform achievement levels. For Tranche #2, the number of PSUs will be earned based on the Company’s compounded annual stock price growth over a completed three-year performance period. In all cases, vesting is dependent upon continuing service by the grantee as an employee of the Company. The fair value of Tranche #2 was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Tranche #2 is a market-based award, and therefore is not subject to any probability assessment by the Company. In July 2024, achievement was certified at 70% of target for Tranche #1, which resulted in the vesting of 62,379 shares. In September 2024, achievement was certified at 175.0% of target for Tranche #2, which resulted in the vesting of 155,946 shares.

Summary of All Performance Share Units

As of December 31, 2024, there was $28.1 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested PSUs that are expected to vest based on the Company’s probability assumptions discussed above. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $3.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to PSUs. During the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the expense was $6.7 million and $7.6 million, respectively. Included in the stock-based compensation expense above, for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is zero and $0.1 million, respectively, and for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is zero and $0.3 million, respectively, related to the Tech Elevator time-based portion of the Management Incentive Plan. The time-based portion of the MIP fully vested during the second quarter of fiscal year 2024 and was settled with the issuance of PSUs. Therefore, the amount recorded in accrued liabilities for future issuances is zero.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Deferred Stock Units (“DSUs”)

The DSUs vest on the grant-date anniversary and are settled in the form of shares of common stock issued to the holder upon separation from the Company. DSUs are specific only to board members.

Deferred stock unit activity during the six months ended December 31, 2024 was as follows:

		Weighted
		Average
		Grant-Date
	Shares	Fair Value
Nonvested, June 30, 2024	96,604	$	32.49
Granted	6,586		108.83
Vested	—		—
Canceled	—		—
Nonvested, December 31, 2024	103,190	$	37.36

Summary of All Deferred Stock Units

As of December 31, 2024, there was $0.6 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested DSUs. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.9 years. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to DSUs. During the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the expense was $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

9.   Related Party Transactions

The Company contributed to Future of School, a charity focused on access to quality education. Future of School is a related party because a former executive officer of the Company formerly served on its Board of Directors. For the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, contributions made by the Company to Future of School were zero. In fiscal year 2019 and 2021, the Company accrued $2.5 million and $3.5 million, respectively, for contributions expected to be made in subsequent years. As of December 31, 2024, $2.3 million remains outstanding as related to the fiscal year 2021 accrual.

10.   Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

In the ordinary conduct of the Company’s business, the Company is subject to lawsuits, arbitrations and administrative proceedings from time to time. The Company vigorously defends these claims; however, no assurances can be given as to the outcome of any pending legal proceedings. The Company believes, based on currently available information, that the outcome of any existing or known threatened proceedings, even if determined adversely, should not have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.

Employment Agreements

The Company has entered into employment agreements with certain executive officers that provide for severance payments and, in some cases other benefits, upon certain terminations of employment. All agreements provide for employment on an “at-will” basis. If the employee resigns for “good reason” or is terminated without cause, the employee is entitled to salary continuation, and in some cases benefit continuation, for varying periods depending on the agreement.

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STRIDE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2024, the Company provided guarantees of approximately $0.2 million related to lease commitments on the buildings for certain of the Company’s schools.

In addition, the Company contractually guarantees that certain schools under the Company’s management will not have annual operating deficits and the Company’s management fees from these schools may be reduced accordingly to cover any school operating deficits.

Other than these lease and operating deficit guarantees, the Company did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

11.   Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information

	Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Cash paid for interest	$	3,967	$	3,414
Cash paid for taxes	$	19,005	$	38,398
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	51,939	$	26,277
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities:
Stock-based compensation expense capitalized on software development	$	249	$	278
Stock-based compensation expense capitalized on curriculum development		79		71

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Item 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Certain statements in Management’s Discussion and Analysis or MD&A, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Historical results may not indicate future performance. Our forward-looking statements reflect our current views about future events, are based on assumptions and are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by these statements. Factors that may cause differences between actual results and those contemplated by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K  for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, which we refer to as our Annual Report, and in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, including any changes that might result from any facts, events or circumstances after the date hereof that may bear upon forward-looking statements. Furthermore, we cannot guarantee future results, events, levels of activity, performance or achievements.

This MD&A is intended to assist in understanding and assessing the trends and significant changes in our results of operations and financial condition. As used in this MD&A, the words, “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Stride, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report, as well as the consolidated financial statements and MD&A of our Annual Report. The following overview provides a summary of the sections included in our MD&A:

● Executive Summary — a general description of our business and key highlights of the three and six months ended December 31, 2024.

● Critical Accounting Estimates — a discussion of critical accounting estimates requiring judgments and the application of critical accounting policies.

● Results of Operations — an analysis of our results of operations in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

● Liquidity and Capital Resources — an analysis of cash flows, sources and uses of cash, commitments and contingencies, and quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk.

Executive Summary

We are a technology company providing an educational platform to deliver online learning to students throughout the U.S. Our platform hosts products and services to attract, enroll, educate, track progress, and support students. These products and services, spanning curriculum, systems, instruction, and support services are designed to help learners of all ages reach their full potential through inspired teaching and personalized learning.  

Our clients are primarily public and private schools, school districts, and charter boards. Additionally, we provide solutions to employers, government agencies and consumers.  

We provide a wide range of products and services across our platform with the ability to deliver customized solutions. Our comprehensive school-as-a-service offering supports our clients in operating full-time virtual schools in the K-12 market.Together with our network of online schools, Stride has served millions of students with our products and services. In our most recent academic year ended June 30, 2024, we graduated 15,987 high school students from our partner schools.

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Our platform addresses two markets in the K-12 space: General Education and Career Learning.

General Education

Products and services for the General Education market are predominantly focused on core subjects, including math, English, science and history, for kindergarten through twelfth grade students to help build a common foundation of knowledge. These programs provide an alternative to traditional school options and address a range of student needs. Products and services are delivered as a comprehensive school-as-a-service offering for schools or as stand-alone products and services. A student enrolled in a school that offers Stride’s General Education program may elect to take career courses, but that student and the associated revenue is reported as a General Education enrollment and General Education revenue.

Career Learning

Career Learning products and services are focused on developing skills to enter and succeed in careers in high-growth, in-demand industries—including information technology, healthcare and general business. We provide middle and high school students with Career Learning programs that complement their core general education coursework. Stride offers multiple career pathways through a diverse catalog of courses. The middle school program exposes students to a variety of career options and introduces career skill development. In high school, students may engage in industry content pathway courses, project-based learning in virtual teams, and career development services. High school students have the opportunity to progress toward certifications, connect with industry professionals, earn college credits while in high school, and participate in job shadowing and/or work-based learning experiences that facilitate success in today’s digital, tech-enabled economy. A student is reported as a Career Learning enrollment and associated Career Learning revenue only if the student is enrolled in a Career Learning program. Like General Education products and services, the products and services for Career Learning are sold as a comprehensive school-as-a-service offering or as stand-alone products and services.

We also provide focused post-secondary career learning programs to adult learners, for the software engineering, healthcare, and medical fields. These programs are sold directly to consumers, employers and government agencies.

For both the General Education and Career Learning markets, the majority of revenue is derived from our comprehensive school-as-a-service offering which includes an integrated package of curriculum, technology systems, instruction, and support services that we administer on behalf of our customers. The average duration of the agreements for our school-as-a-service offering is greater than five years, and most provide for automatic renewals absent a customer notification of non-renewal. For the 2024-2025 school year, we provide our school-as-a-service offering to 89 schools in 31 states and the District of Columbia in the General Education market, and 56 schools or programs in 27 states and the District of Columbia in the Career Learning market.

We generate a significant portion of our revenues from the sale of curriculum, administration support and technology services to virtual and blended public schools. The amount of revenue generated from these contracts is impacted largely by the number of enrollments, the mix of enrollments across grades and states, state or district per student funding levels and attendance requirement, among other items. The average duration of the agreements for our school-as-a-service offering is greater than five years, and most provide for automatic renewals absent a customer notification within a negotiated time frame.

The two key financial metrics that we use to assess financial performance are revenues and operating income. For the six months ended December 31, 2024, revenues increased to $1,138.3 million from $985.0 million in the prior year, an increase of 15.6%. Over the same period, operating income increased to $172.4 million from $87.6 million in the prior year. The increase in operating income was driven by revenue growth and an increase in gross margin. Additionally, we use the non-financial metric of total enrollments to assess performance, as enrollment is a key driver of our revenues. Total enrollments for the six months ended December 31, 2024 were 228.7 thousand, an increase of 36.9 thousand, or 19.2%, over the prior year. Our revenues are subject to annual school district financial audits, which incorporate enrollment counts, funding and other routine financial audit considerations. The results from these audits and other routine changes in funding estimates are incorporated into the Company’s monthly funding estimates for the current and prior periods. Historically, aggregate funding estimates have differed from actual reimbursements, generally in the range of 2% of annual revenue or less, which may vary from quarter to quarter.

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Environmental, Social and Governance

As overseers of risk and stewards of long-term enterprise value, Stride’s Board of Directors play a vital role in assessing our organization’s environmental and social impacts.  They are also responsible for understanding the potential impact and related risks of environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) issues on the organization’s operating model. Our Board and management aim to identify those ESG issues most likely to impact business operations and growth. We craft policies that are appropriate for our industry and that are of concern to our employees, investors, customers and other key stakeholders. Our Board helps ensure that the Company’s leaders have ample opportunity to leverage ESG for the long-term good of the organization, its stakeholders, and society. Each Committee of the Board monitors ESG efforts in their respective areas, with the Nominating and Governance Committee coordinating across all Committees.

Since our inception more than 20 years ago, we have removed barriers that impact academic equity. We provide high-quality education for anyone - particularly those in underserved communities - as a means to foster economic empowerment and address societal inequities from kindergarten all the way through college and career readiness. We reinforced our commitment in this area by launching several initiatives including initially offering scholarships to advance education and career opportunities for students in underserved communities, expanding career pathways in socially responsible law enforcement and increasing employment of teachers in underserved communities at Stride-powered schools.  We developed interactive, modular courses focused on racial equity and social justice that are being made available for free to every public school.

Among the many ESG issues we support within the Company, we endeavor to promote diversity and inclusion across every aspect of the organization. We sponsor employee resource groups to provide support for female, minority, differently abled, LGBTQ+, and veteran employees and support employee volunteer efforts.  Our commitment is evident in the make-up of our leadership team.  We have more minorities in executive management and more women in executive management than the representative population. Importantly, our Board of Directors is also diverse with female, Hispanic, and black or African American members.

Our commitment to ESG initiatives is an endeavor both the Board and management undertake for the general betterment of those both inside and outside of our Company.

The nature of our business supports environmental sustainability.  Most of our employees work from home and most students at Stride-powered schools attend virtual classes, even prior to the COVID-19 crisis, reducing the carbon output from commuting in cars or buses. Our online curriculum reduces the need for paper.  Our meetings are most often held virtually using digital first presentations rather than paper.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and any such differences may be material to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Critical accounting policies and estimates are disclosed in our Annual Report. There have been no significant updates to our critical accounting estimates disclosed in our Annual Report.

Results of Operations

Lines of Revenue

We operate in one operating and reportable business segment as a technology company providing an educational platform to deliver proprietary and third-party curriculum, software systems and educational services designed to facilitate individualized learning. The Chief Operating Decision Maker evaluates profitability based on consolidated results. We have two lines of revenue: (i) General Education and (ii) Career Learning.

Enrollment Data

The following table sets forth total enrollment data for students in our General Education and Career Learning lines of revenue.  Enrollments for General Education and Career Learning only include those students in full service public or

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private programs where Stride provides a combination of curriculum, technology, instructional and support services inclusive of administrative support. No enrollments are included in Career Learning for Galvanize, Tech Elevator or MedCerts. This data includes enrollments for which Stride receives no public funding or revenue.

If the mix of enrollments changes, our revenues will be impacted to the extent the average revenue per enrollment is significantly different. We do not award or permit incentive compensation to be paid to our public school program enrollment staff or contractors based on the number of students enrolled.

The following represents our current enrollment for each of the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended							Six Months Ended
	December 31,				2024 / 2023			December 31,				2024 / 2023
	2024		2023		Change		Change %	2024		2023		Change		Change %
	(In thousands, except percentages)
General Education (1)		135.8		120.7		15.1	12.5%		134.6		119.9		14.7	12.3%
Career Learning (1) (2)		94.8		72.4		22.4	30.9%		94.1		71.9		22.2	30.9%
Total Enrollment		230.6		193.1		37.5	19.4%		228.7		191.8		36.9	19.2%

(1) Enrollments reported for the first quarter are equal to the official count date number, which was September 30, 2024 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2025 and September 30, 2023 for the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

(2) No enrollments are included in Career Learning for Galvanize, Tech Elevator or MedCerts.

Revenue Data

Revenues are captured by market based on the underlying customer contractual agreements. Where customers purchase products and services for both General Education and Career Learning markets we allocate revenues based on the program for which each student is enrolled. All kindergarten through fifth grade students are considered General Education students. Periodically, a middle school or high school student enrollment may change line of revenue classification.

The following represents our current revenues for each of the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended							Six Months Ended
	December 31,				Change 2024 / 2023			December 31,				Change 2024 / 2023
	2024		2023		$		%	2024		2023		$		%
	(In thousands, except percentages)
General Education	$	354,315	$	313,902	$	40,413	12.9%	$	683,722	$	613,241	$	70,481	11.5%
Career Learning
Middle - High School		213,079		165,080		47,999	29.1%		411,965		316,053		95,912	30.3%
Adult		19,817		25,886		(6,069)	(23.4%)		42,608		55,755		(13,147)	(23.6%)
Total Career Learning		232,896		190,966		41,930	22.0%		454,573		371,808		82,765	22.3%
Total Revenues	$	587,211	$	504,868	$	82,343	16.3%	$	1,138,295	$	985,049	$	153,246	15.6%

Products and Services

Stride has invested over $700 million in the last twenty years to develop curriculum, systems, instructional practices and support services that enable us to support hundreds of thousands of students. The following describes the various products and services that we provide to customers.  Products and services are provided on an individual basis as well as customized solutions, such as our most comprehensive school-as-a-service offering which supports our clients in operating full-time virtual or blended schools. Stride is continuously innovating to remain at the forefront of effective educational techniques to meet students’ needs. It continues to expand upon its personalized learning model, improve the user experience of its products, and develop tools and partnerships to more effectively engage and serve students, teachers, and administrators. 

Curriculum and Content – Stride has one of the largest digital research-based curriculum portfolios for the K-12 online education industry that includes some of the best in class content available in the market. Our customers can

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select from hundreds of high-quality, engaging, online coursework and content, as well as many state customized versions of those courses, electives, and instructional supports. Since our inception, we have built core courses on a foundation of rigorous standards, following the guidance and recommendations of leading educational organizations at the national and state levels. State standards are continually evolving, and we continually invest in our curriculum to meet these changing requirements. We provide high-quality, engaging, online coursework and content in software engineering, healthcare, and medical fields.

Systems – We have established a secure and reliable technology platform, which integrates proprietary and third-party systems, to provide a high-quality educational environment and gives us the capability to grow our customer programs and enrollment. Our end-to-end platform includes single sign-on capability for our content management, learning management, student information, data reporting and analytics, and various support systems that allow customers to provide a high-quality and personalized educational experience for students. Stand-alone products and services can provide curriculum and content hosting on customers’ learning management systems, or integration with customers’ student information systems.

Instructional Services – We provide a broad range of instructional services that includes customer support for instructional teams, including recruitment of state-certified teachers, training in research-based online instruction methods and Stride systems, oversight and evaluation services, and ongoing professional development.  Stride also provides training options to support teachers and parents to meet students’ learning needs. Stride’s range of training options are designed to enhance skills needed to teach using an online learning platform, and include hands-on training, on-demand courses, and support materials.

Support Services – We provide a broad range of support services, including marketing and enrollment, supporting prospective students through the admission process, assessment management, administrative support (e.g., budget proposals, financial reporting, and student data reporting), and technology and materials support (e.g., provisioning of student computers, offline learning kits, internet access and technology support services).

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Financial Information

The following table sets forth statements of operations data and the amounts as a percentage of revenues for each of the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended December 31,								Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024				2023				2024				2023
	(Dollars in thousands)
Revenues	$	587,211	100.0	%	$	504,868	100.0	%	$	1,138,295	100.0	%	$	985,049	100.0	%
Instructional costs and services		347,353	59.2			303,694	60.2			682,584	60.0			610,987	62.0
Gross margin		239,858	40.8			201,174	39.8			455,711	40.0			374,062	38.0
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		114,758	19.5			116,885	23.2			283,267	24.9			286,453	29.1
Income from operations		125,100	21.3			84,289	16.7			172,444	15.1			87,609	8.9
Interest expense, net		(2,670)	(0.5)			(2,022)	(0.4)			(5,023)	(0.4)			(4,090)	(0.4)
Other income, net		7,330	1.2			6,538	1.3			16,108	1.4			11,703	1.2
Income before income taxes and income (loss) from equity method investments		129,760	22.1			88,805	17.6			183,529	16.1			95,222	9.7
Income tax expense		(33,361)	(5.7)			(22,190)	(4.4)			(44,638)	(3.9)			(23,726)	(2.4)
Income (loss) from equity method investments		(6)	(0.0)			221	0.0			(1,616)	(0.1)			218	0.0
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	96,393	16.4	%	$	66,836	13.2	%	$	137,275	12.1	%	$	71,714	7.3	%

Comparison of the Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Revenues. Our revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2024 were $587.2 million, representing an increase of $82.3 million, or 16.3%, from $504.9 million for the same period in the prior year. General Education revenues increased $40.4 million, or 12.9%, year over year. The increase in General Education revenues was primarily due to the 12.5% increase in enrollments, and school mix (distribution of enrollments by school). Career Learning revenues increased $41.9 million, or 22.0%, primarily due to a 30.9% increase in enrollments and school mix.

Instructional costs and services expenses. Instructional costs and services expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2024 were $347.4 million, representing an increase of $43.7 million, or 14.4%, from $303.7 million for the same period in the prior year. This increase in expense was due to hiring of personnel in growth states and salary increases. Instructional costs and services expenses were 59.2% of revenues during the three months ended December 31, 2024, a decrease from 60.2% for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses. Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2024 were $114.8 million, representing a decrease of $2.1 million, or 1.8% from $116.9 million for the same period in the prior year. Selling, general, and administrative expenses were 19.5% of revenues during the three months ended December 31, 2024, a decrease from 23.2% for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Interest expense, net. Net interest expense for the three months ended December 31, 2024 was $2.7 million as compared to $2.0 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in net interest expense was primarily due to our finance leases.

Other income, net. Other income, net for the three months ended December 31, 2024 was $7.3 million as compared to $6.5 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in other income, net was primarily due to the increase in our investments in marketable securities and the returns on those investments year over year.

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Income tax expense. Income tax expense was $33.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, or 25.7% of income before income taxes, as compared to an expense of $22.2 million, or 24.9% of income before income taxes for the same period in the prior year. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2024 was primarily due to the tax impact of non-deductible compensation and the excess tax benefit of stock-based compensation.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Revenues. Our revenues for the six months ended December 31, 2024 were $1,138.3 million, representing an increase of $153.3 million, or 15.6%, from $985.0 million for the same period in the prior year. General Education revenues increased $70.5 million, or 11.5%, year over year. The increase in General Education revenues was primarily due to the 12.3% increase in enrollments, and school mix (distribution of enrollments by school). Career Learning revenues increased $82.8 million, or 22.3%, primarily due to a 30.9% increase in enrollments and school mix.

Instructional costs and services expenses. Instructional costs and services expenses for the six months ended December 31, 2024 were $682.6 million, representing an increase of $71.6 million, or 11.7%, from $611.0 million for the same period in the prior year. This increase in expense was due to hiring of personnel in growth states and salary increases. Instructional costs and services expenses were 60.0% of revenues during the six months ended December 31, 2024, a decrease from 62.0% for the six months ended December 31, 2023.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses. Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the six months ended December 31, 2024 were $283.3 million, representing a decrease of $3.2 million, or 1.1% from $286.5 million for the same period in the prior year. Selling, general, and administrative expenses were 24.9% of revenues during the six months ended December 31, 2024, a decrease from 29.1% for the six months ended December 31, 2023.

Interest expense, net. Net interest expense for the six months ended December 31, 2024 was $5.0 million as compared to $4.1 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in net interest expense was primarily due to our finance leases.

Other income, net. Other income, net for the six months ended December 31, 2024 was $16.1 million as compared to $11.7 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in other income, net was primarily due to the increase in our investments in marketable securities and the returns on those investments year over year.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense was $44.6 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024, or 24.5% of income before income taxes, as compared to an expense of $23.7 million, or 24.9% of income before income taxes for the same period in the prior year. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the six months ended December 31, 2024 was primarily due to the tax impact of non-deductible compensation and the excess tax benefit of stock-based compensation.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2024, we had net working capital, or current assets minus current liabilities, of $1,157.8 million. Our working capital includes cash and cash equivalents of $515.1 million and accounts receivable of $582.6 million. Our working capital provides a significant source of liquidity for our normal operating needs. Our accounts receivable balance fluctuates throughout the fiscal year based on the timing of customer billings and collections and tends to be highest in our first fiscal quarter as we begin billing for students. In addition, our cash and accounts receivable were significantly in excess of our accounts payable and short-term accrued liabilities at December 31, 2024.

During the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, we issued $420.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027 (“Notes”). The Notes are governed by an indenture (the “Indenture”) between us and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The net proceeds from the offering of the Notes were approximately $408.6 million after deducting the underwriting fees and other expenses paid by the Company. The Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.125% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1^st and September 1^st of each year, beginning on March 1, 2021. The Notes will mature on September 1, 2027. In connection with the Notes, we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Capped Call Transactions”) with certain counterparties. The Capped Call Transactions are expected to cover the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that initially underlie the Notes, and are expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of Notes

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and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes. The upper strike price of the Capped Call Transactions is $86.174 per share. The cost of the Capped Call Transactions was $60.4 million and was recorded within additional paid-in capital.

Before June 1, 2027, noteholders will have the right to convert their Notes only upon the occurrence of certain events. After June 1, 2027, noteholders may convert their Notes at any time at their election until two days prior to the maturity date. We will settle conversions by paying cash up to the outstanding principal amount, and at our election, will settle the conversion spread by paying or delivering cash or shares of our common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock. The initial conversion rate is 18.9109 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $52.88 per share of common stock. The Notes will be redeemable at our option at any time after September 6, 2024 at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, subject to certain stock price hurdles as discussed in the Indenture.

On January 27, 2020, we entered into a $100.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) to be used for general corporate operating purposes with PNC Capital Markets LLC. The Credit Facility had a five-year term and incorporated customary financial and other covenants, including but not limited to a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. The majority of our borrowings under the Credit Facility were at LIBOR plus an additional rate ranging from 0.875% - 1.50% based on our leverage ratio as defined in the agreement. The Credit Facility was secured by our assets. The Credit Facility agreement allowed for an amendment to establish a new benchmark interest rate when LIBOR is discontinued during the five-year term. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with the financial covenants. As part of the proceeds received from the Notes, we repaid our $100.0 million outstanding balance and as of December 31, 2024, we had no amounts outstanding on the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility also included a $200.0 million accordion feature. The Credit Facility expired on January 27, 2025 and was not renewed.

We are a lessee under finance leases for student computers and peripherals under agreements with Banc of America Leasing & Capital, LLC (“BALC”) and CSI Leasing, Inc. (“CSI Leasing”). As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the finance lease liability was $93.9 million and $55.6 million, respectively, with lease interest rates ranging from 2.55% to 6.72%.

We entered into an agreement with BALC in April 2020 for $25.0 million (increased to $41.0 million in July 2020) to provide financing for our leases through March 2021 at varying rates. We entered into additional agreements during fiscal year 2021 to provide financing of $54.0 million for our student computers and peripherals leases through October 2022 at varying rates. Individual leases with BALC include 36-month payment terms, fixed rates ranging from 2.55% to 6.72%, and a $1 purchase option at the end of each lease term. We pledged the assets financed to secure the outstanding leases.

We entered into an agreement with CSI Leasing in August 2022 to provide financing for our leases. Individual leases under the agreement with CSI Leasing include 36-month payment terms, but do not include a stated interest rate. We use our incremental borrowing rate as the implied interest rate and the total lease payments to calculate our lease liability.

Our cash requirements consist primarily of day-to-day operating expenses, capital expenditures and contractual obligations with respect to interest on our Notes, office facility leases, capital equipment leases and other operating leases. We expect to make future payments on existing leases from cash generated from operations. We believe that the combination of funds to be generated from operations, borrowing on our Credit Facility and net working capital on hand will be adequate to finance our ongoing operations on a short-term (the next 12 months) and long-term (beyond the next 12 months) basis. In addition, we continue to explore acquisitions, strategic investments and joint ventures related to our business that we may acquire using cash, stock, debt, contribution of assets or a combination thereof.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended December 31, 2024 was $81.4 million compared to $38.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2023. The $43.4 million increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to higher net income in the current period as compared to the prior period, partially offset by changes in working capital resulting from seasonal fluctuations in accounts receivable and accrued liabilities.

39

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2024 was $35.7 million compared to $68.8 million for the six months ended December 31, 2023, a decrease of $33.1 million. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in net purchases of marketable securities of $34.6 million partially offset by an increase in capital expenditures year over year of $0.8 million.

Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2024 was $28.7 million compared to $25.7 million during the six months ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $3.0 million. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the repurchase of restricted stock for income tax withholding of $8.8 million partially offset by a decrease in the repayment of finance lease obligations incurred for the acquisition of student computers of $5.8 million.

Item 3.       Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Inflation Risk

Current inflation has resulted in higher personnel costs, marketing expenses and supply chain expenses. There can be no assurance that future inflation will not have an adverse or material impact on our operating results and financial condition.

Interest Rate Risk

As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $515.1 million and $500.6 million, respectively. Our excess cash has been invested in money market funds, government securities, corporate debt securities and similar investments. At December 31, 2024, a 1% gross increase in interest rates for our variable-interest instruments would result in a $5.2 million annualized increase in interest income. Additionally, the fair value of our investment portfolio is subject to changes in market interest rates.

Our short-term debt obligations under our Credit Facility are subject to interest rate exposure. At December 31, 2024, we had no outstanding balance on our Credit Facility.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

We currently operate in several foreign countries, but we do not transact a material amount of business in a foreign currency. If we enter into any material transactions in a foreign currency or establish or acquire any subsidiaries that measure and record their financial condition and results of operations in a foreign currency, we will be exposed to currency transaction risk and/or currency translation risk. Exchange rates between U.S. dollars and many foreign currencies have fluctuated significantly over the last few years and may continue to do so in the future. Accordingly, we may decide in the future to undertake hedging strategies to minimize the effect of currency fluctuations on our financial condition and results of operations.

Item 4.       Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

40

We carried out an evaluation, required by paragraph (b) of Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this review, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

41

Part II. Other Information

Item 1.     Legal Proceedings.

See Item 1 of Part I, “Financial Statements – Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies - Litigation.”

Item 1A.  Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, as filed with the SEC on August 6, 2024.

Item 2.     Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3.     Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4.     Mine Safety Disclosures.

None.

Item 5.     Other Information.

On December 2, 2024, Mr. Rhyu, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and director, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act for the sale of up to 33,961 shares of the Company’s common stock until December 31, 2025, for a duration of 395 days. Other than as noted above for Mr. Rhyu, during the three months ended December 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

Item 6.     Exhibits.

(a)              Exhibits.

Number	Description
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
32.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101	The following financial statements and footnotes from the Stride, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited), (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited), (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Equity (unaudited), (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited), and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
104	The cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, formatted in Inline XBRL (contained in Exhibit 101).

* Furnished herewith.

42

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Stride, Inc.
	/s/ DONNA M. BLACKMAN
Name:	Donna M. Blackman
Title:	Chief Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer and Authorized Signatory

Date: January 28, 2025

43

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, James J. Rhyu, certify that:

(1)      I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Stride, Inc.;

(2)      Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3)      Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4)      The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.      Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.      Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.      Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.      Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

(5)      The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.      All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.     Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: January 28, 2025

/s/ JAMES J. RHYU

James J. Rhyu

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Donna M. Blackman, certify that:

(1)      I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Stride, Inc.;

(2)      Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3)      Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4)      The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.      Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.      Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.      Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.      Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

(5)      The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.      All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.      Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: January 28, 2025

/s/ DONNA M. BLACKMAN

Donna M. Blackman

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

The following certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and in accordance with SEC Release No. 33-8238. This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), nor shall it be incorporated by reference in any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

Section 906 Certification

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Stride, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

(1) the accompanying Quarterly Report of the Company on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2024 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: January 28, 2025

/s/ JAMES J. RHYU

James J. Rhyu

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

The following certification is being furnished solely to accompany the Report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and in accordance with SEC Release No. 33-8238. This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), nor shall it be incorporated by reference in any filing of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

Section 906 Certification

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Stride, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

(1) the accompanying Quarterly Report of the Company on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended December 31, 2024 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: January 28, 2025

Pri

/s/ DONNA M. BLACKMAN

Donna M. Blackman

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Jan. 24, 2025
Cover
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2024
Entity File Number	001-33883
Entity Registrant Name	Stride, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	95-4774688
Entity Address, Address Line One	11720 Plaza America 9th Floor
Entity Address, City or Town	Reston
Entity Address, State or Province	VA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	20190
City Area Code	703
Local Phone Number	483-7000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.0001 par value
Trading Symbol	LRN
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		43,546,641
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--06-30
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2025
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Entity Central Index Key	0001157408
Amendment Flag	false

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 515,049	$ 500,614
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $35,517 and $31,298	582,548	472,754
Inventories, net	20,707	36,748
Prepaid expenses	51,367	29,164
Marketable securities	202,447	191,672
Other current assets	16,361	14,494
Total current assets	1,388,479	1,245,446
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	48,563	54,503
Property and equipment, net	84,685	50,856
Capitalized software, net	77,299	81,952
Capitalized curriculum development costs, net	53,759	53,232
Intangible assets, net	55,170	60,282
Goodwill	246,676	246,676
Deferred tax asset		7,200
Deposits and other assets	116,150	120,318
Total assets	2,070,781	1,920,465
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	30,896	40,970
Accrued liabilities	82,664	60,796
Accrued compensation and benefits	44,508	64,878
Deferred revenue	16,797	35,742
Current portion of finance lease liability	43,212	29,146
Current portion of operating lease liability	12,583	12,748
Total current liabilities	230,660	244,280
Long-term finance lease liability	50,731	26,452
Long-term operating lease liability	39,202	45,192
Long-term debt	415,522	414,675
Deferred tax liability	470
Other long-term liabilities	16,091	13,841
Total liabilities	752,676	744,440
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001; 10,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued or outstanding
Common stock, par value $0.0001; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 48,890,343 and 48,576,164 shares issued; and 43,555,600 and 43,241,421 shares outstanding, respectively	4	4
Additional paid-in capital	724,839	720,033
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(43)	(42)
Retained earnings	695,787	558,512
Treasury stock of 5,334,743 shares at cost	(102,482)	(102,482)
Total stockholders' equity	1,318,105	1,176,025
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 2,070,781	$ 1,920,465

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Accounts receivable, allowance (in dollars)	$ 35,517	$ 31,298
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	48,890,343	48,576,164
Common stock, shares outstanding	43,555,600	43,241,421
Treasury stock, shares	5,334,743	5,334,743

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenues	$ 587,211	$ 504,868	$ 1,138,295	$ 985,049
Instructional costs and services	347,353	303,694	682,584	610,987
Gross margin	239,858	201,174	455,711	374,062
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	114,758	116,885	283,267	286,453
Income from operations	125,100	84,289	172,444	87,609
Interest expense, net	(2,670)	(2,022)	(5,023)	(4,090)
Other income, net	7,330	6,538	16,108	11,703
Income before income taxes and income (loss) from equity method investments	129,760	88,805	183,529	95,222
Income tax expense	(33,361)	(22,190)	(44,638)	(23,726)
Income (loss) from equity method investments	(6)	221	(1,616)	218
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$ 96,393	$ 66,836	$ 137,275	$ 71,714
Net income attributable to common stockholders per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 2.24	$ 1.57	$ 3.20	$ 1.69
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 2.03	$ 1.54	$ 2.93	$ 1.66
Weighted average shares used in computing per share amounts:
Basic (in shares)	43,017,190	42,561,035	42,942,750	42,530,523
Diluted (in shares)	47,462,688	43,463,763	46,905,355	43,214,119

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Net income	$ 96,393	$ 66,836	$ 137,275	$ 71,714
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	15	(9)	(1)	(9)
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$ 96,408	$ 66,827	$ 137,274	$ 71,705

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock	Total
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 4	$ 695,480	$ (35)	$ 354,329	$ (102,482)	$ 947,296
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	48,339,048				(5,334,743)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net Income (Loss)				4,878		4,878
Stock-based compensation expense		8,399				8,399
Issuance of restricted stock awards (in shares)	424,909
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards (in shares)	(30,085)
Repurchase of restricted stock for tax withholding		(2,080)				(2,080)
Repurchase of restricted stock for tax withholding (in shares)	(52,592)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 4	701,799	(35)	359,207	$ (102,482)	958,493
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	48,681,280				(5,334,743)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	$ 4	695,480	(35)	354,329	$ (102,482)	947,296
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023	48,339,048				(5,334,743)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net Income (Loss)						71,714
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 4	709,157	(44)	426,043	$ (102,482)	1,032,678
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	48,718,413				(5,334,743)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 4	701,799	(35)	359,207	$ (102,482)	958,493
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	48,681,280				(5,334,743)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net Income (Loss)				66,836		66,836
Foreign currency translation adjustment			(9)			(9)
Stock-based compensation expense		8,429				8,429
Vesting of performance share units, net of tax withholding (in shares)	15,324
Issuance of restricted stock awards (in shares)	42,701
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards (in shares)	(9,656)
Repurchase of restricted stock for tax withholding		(1,071)				(1,071)
Repurchase of restricted stock for tax withholding (in shares)	(11,236)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 4	709,157	(44)	426,043	$ (102,482)	1,032,678
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023	48,718,413				(5,334,743)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 4	720,033	(42)	558,512	$ (102,482)	1,176,025
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024	48,576,164				(5,334,743)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net Income (Loss)				40,882		40,882
Foreign currency translation adjustment			(16)			(16)
Stock-based compensation expense		8,592				8,592
Vesting of performance share units, net of tax withholding (in shares)	135,921
Issuance of restricted stock awards (in shares)	278,234
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards (in shares)	(14,037)
Repurchase of restricted stock for tax withholding		(11,137)				(11,137)
Repurchase of restricted stock for tax withholding (in shares)	(54,345)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 4	717,488	(58)	599,394	$ (102,482)	1,214,346
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	48,921,937				(5,334,743)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2024	$ 4	720,033	(42)	558,512	$ (102,482)	1,176,025
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2024	48,576,164				(5,334,743)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net Income (Loss)						137,275
Balance at Dec. 31, 2024	$ 4	724,839	(43)	695,787	$ (102,482)	1,318,105
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	48,890,343				(5,334,743)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 4	717,488	(58)	599,394	$ (102,482)	1,214,346
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2024	48,921,937				(5,334,743)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net Income (Loss)				96,393		96,393
Foreign currency translation adjustment			15			15
Stock-based compensation expense		8,110				8,110
Vesting of performance share units, net of tax withholding (in shares)	3,437
Issuance of restricted stock awards (in shares)	18,998
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards (in shares)	(47,472)
Repurchase of restricted stock for tax withholding		(759)				(759)
Repurchase of restricted stock for tax withholding (in shares)	(6,557)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2024	$ 4	$ 724,839	$ (43)	$ 695,787	$ (102,482)	$ 1,318,105
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024	48,890,343				(5,334,743)

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$ 137,275	$ 71,714
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	55,529	54,480
Stock-based compensation expense	16,374	16,022
Deferred income taxes	9,289	425
Provision for credit losses	9,624	15,332
Amortization of fees on debt	847	834
Noncash operating lease expense	6,222	7,913
Other	1,869	1,430
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(119,416)	(61,247)
Inventories, prepaid expenses, deposits and other current and long-term assets	(4,084)	883
Accounts payable	(8,983)	(15,994)
Accrued liabilities	20,248	(20,987)
Accrued compensation and benefits	(20,303)	(14,340)
Operating lease liability	(6,437)	(8,587)
Deferred revenue and other liabilities	(16,694)	(9,849)
Net cash provided by operating activities	81,360	38,029
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property and equipment	(1,153)	(1,703)
Capitalized software development costs	(18,601)	(18,402)
Capitalized curriculum development costs	(9,841)	(8,731)
Other acquisitions, loans and investments, net of distributions	(950)	(275)
Proceeds from the maturity of marketable securities	140,740	80,361
Purchases of marketable securities	(145,865)	(120,047)
Net cash used in investing activities	(35,670)	(68,797)
Cash flows from financing activities
Repayments on finance lease obligations	(16,714)	(22,491)
Repurchase of restricted stock for income tax withholding	(11,963)	(3,161)
Net cash used in financing activities	(28,677)	(25,652)
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	17,013	(56,420)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	500,614	410,807
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$ 517,627	$ 354,387

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to balance sheet as of December 31st:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 515,049
Deposits and other assets (restricted cash)	2,578
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$ 517,627

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Description of the Business

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Description of the Business

Description of the Business

1.   Description of the Business

Stride, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“Stride” or the “Company”) is a technology company providing an educational platform to deliver online learning to students throughout the U.S. The brand reflects the Company’s continued growth into lifelong learning, regardless of a student’s age or location. The Company’s platform hosts products and services to attract, enroll, educate, track progress, and support students. These products and services, spanning curriculum, systems, instruction, and support services are designed to help learners of all ages reach their full potential through inspired teaching and personalized learning. The Company’s clients are primarily public and private schools, school districts, and charter boards. Additionally, it provides solutions to employers, government agencies and consumers. These products and services are provided through two lines of revenue:

● Products and services for the General Education market are predominantly focused on core subjects, including math, English, science and history, for kindergarten through twelfth grade students to help build a common foundation of knowledge. These programs provide an alternative to traditional school options and address a range of student needs. Products and services are delivered as a comprehensive school-as-a-service offering for schools or as stand-alone products and services. A student enrolled in a school that offers Stride’s General Education program may elect to take career courses, but that student and the associated revenue is reported as a General Education enrollment and General Education revenue.

● Career Learning products and services are focused on developing skills to enter and succeed in careers in high-growth, in-demand industries—including information technology, healthcare and general business. The Company provides middle and high school students with Career Learning programs that complement their core general education coursework. Stride offers multiple career pathways through a diverse catalog of courses. The middle school program exposes students to a variety of career options and introduces career skill development. In high school, students may engage in industry content pathway courses, project-based learning in virtual teams, and career development services. High school students have the opportunity to progress toward certifications, connect with industry professionals, earn college credits while in high school, and participate in job shadowing and/or work-based learning experiences that facilitate success in today’s digital, tech-enabled economy. A student is reported as a Career Learning enrollment and associated Career Learning revenue only if the student is enrolled in a Career Learning program. Like General Education products and services, the products and services for Career Learning are sold as a comprehensive school-as-a-service offering or as stand-alone products and services. The Company also provides focused post-secondary career learning programs to adult learners, for the software engineering, healthcare, and medical fields. These programs are sold directly to consumers, employers and government agencies.

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Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

2.   Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements, and in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. The results for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending June 30, 2025, for any other interim period or for any other future fiscal year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2024 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Accordingly, the Company does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these statements include all

adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present a fair statement of the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and footnotes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. This quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s latest annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on August 6, 2024, which contains the Company’s audited financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024.

The Company operates in one operating and reportable business segment as a technology company providing an educational platform to deliver proprietary and third-party curriculum, software systems and educational services designed to facilitate individualized learning for students and adults. The Chief Operating Decision Maker evaluates profitability based on consolidated results.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3.   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2020 04”) which provides relief to companies that will be impacted by the cessation of reference rate reform, e.g., LIBOR, that was tentatively planned for the end of fiscal year 2023. The ASU permitted an entity to consider contract modifications due to reference rate reform to be an event that did not require contract remeasurement. This ASU was applicable from March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022 and adoption was permitted at any time during the period on a prospective basis. In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848, which extends the provisions of Topic 848 to December 31, 2024. The Company’s senior secured revolving credit facility includes the use of alternate rates when LIBOR is not available. The Company does not expect the change from LIBOR to an alternate rate will have a material impact to the condensed consolidated financial statements and, to the extent it enters into modifications of agreements that are impacted by the LIBOR phase-out, the Company will apply such guidance to those contract modifications.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) ("ASU 2023-07"). This update provides, among other things, enhanced segment disclosure requirements including disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. There are aspects of ASU 2023-07 that apply to entities with one reportable segment. The Company will review the extent of new disclosures necessary in the coming quarters, prior to implementation during fiscal year 2025. Other than additional disclosure, we do not expect a change to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 is intended to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and for interim periods for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025. The Company will review the extent of new disclosures necessary in the coming quarters, prior to implementation during fiscal year 2026. Other than additional disclosure, we do not expect a change to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) ("ASU 2024-03"). This update provides investors with enhanced detail regarding components of expenses presented in the income statement, aiming to improve transparency and enable precise understanding of a company’s cost structure. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company will review the extent of new disclosures necessary in the coming quarters, prior to implementation during fiscal year 2028.

.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services using the following steps:

● identify the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

● identify the performance obligations in the contract;

● determine the transaction price;

● allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

● recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Revenues related to the products and services that the Company provides to students in kindergarten through twelfth grade or adult learners are considered to be General Education or Career Learning based on the school or adult program in which the student is enrolled. General Education products and services are focused on core subjects, including math, English, science and history, for kindergarten through twelfth grade students to help build a common foundation of knowledge. Career Learning products and services are focused on developing skills to enter and succeed in careers in high-growth, in-demand industries—including information technology, healthcare and general business, for students in middle school through high school and adult learners.

The majority of the Company’s contracts are with the following types of customers:

● a virtual or blended school whereby the amount of revenue is primarily determined by funding the school receives;

● a school or individual who licenses certain curriculum on a subscription or course-by-course basis; or

● an enterprise who contracts with the Company to provide job training.

Funding-based Contracts

The Company provides an integrated package of systems, services, products, and professional expertise that is administered together to support a virtual or blended public school. Contractual agreements generally span multiple years with performance obligations being isolated to annual periods which generally coincide with the Company’s fiscal year. Customers of these programs can obtain administrative support, information technology, academic support services, online curriculum, learning systems platforms and instructional services under the terms of a negotiated service agreement. The schools receive funding on a per student basis from the state in which the public school or school district is located. Shipments of materials for schools that occur in the fourth fiscal quarter and for the upcoming school year are recorded in deferred revenue.

The Company generates revenues under contracts with virtual and blended public schools and include the following components, where required:

● providing each of a school’s students with access to the Company’s online school and lessons;

● offline learning kits, which include books and materials to supplement the online lessons;

● the use of a personal computer and associated reclamation services;

● internet access and technology support services;

● instruction by a state-certified teacher; and

● management and technology services necessary to support a virtual or blended school. In certain contracts, revenues are determined directly by per enrollment funding.

To determine the pro rata amount of revenue to recognize in a fiscal quarter, the Company estimates the total expected funds each school will receive in a particular school year. Total funds for a school are primarily a function of the number of students enrolled in the school and established per enrollment funding levels, which are generally published on an

annual basis by the state or school district. The Company reviews its estimates of funding periodically, and updates as necessary, by adjusting its year-to-date earned revenues to be proportional to the total expected revenues to be earned during the fiscal year. Actual school funding may vary from these estimates and the impact of these differences could impact the Company’s results of operations. Since the end of the school year coincides with the end of the Company’s fiscal year, annual revenues are generally based on actual school funding and actual costs incurred (including costs for the Company’s services to the schools plus other costs the schools may incur). The Company’s reported results are subject to annual school district financial audits, which incorporate enrollment counts, funding and other routine financial audit considerations. The results of these audits are incorporated into the Company’s monthly funding estimates for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Historically, aggregate funding estimates have differed from actual reimbursements, generally in the range of 2% of annual revenue or less, which may vary from quarter to quarter.

Each state and/or school district has variations in the school funding formulas and methodologies that it uses to estimate funding for revenue recognition at its respective schools. As the Company estimates funding for each school, it takes into account the state definition for count dates on which reported enrollment numbers will be used for per pupil funding. The parameters the Company considers in estimating funding for revenue recognition purposes include school district count definitions, withdrawal rates, new registrations, average daily attendance, special needs enrollment, academic progress, historical completion, student location, funding caps and other state specified categorical program funding.

Under the contracts where the Company provides products and services to schools, the Company is responsible for substantially all of the expenses incurred by the school and has generally agreed to absorb any operating losses of the schools in a given school year. These school operating losses represent the excess of costs incurred over revenues earned by the virtual or blended public school (the school’s expected funding), as reflected in its respective financial statements, including Company charges to the schools. To the extent a school does not receive sufficient funding for each student enrolled in the school, the school would still incur costs associated with serving the unfunded enrollment. If losses due to unfunded enrollments result in a net operating loss for the year that loss is reflected as a reduction in the revenues and net receivables that the Company collects from the school. A school net operating loss in one year does not necessarily mean the Company anticipates losing money on the entire contract with the school. However, a school’s net operating loss may reduce the Company’s ability to collect its management fees in full and recognized revenues are constrained to reflect the expected cash collections from such schools. The Company records the school’s estimated net operating loss against revenues based upon the percentage of actual revenues in the period to total estimated revenues for the fiscal year. Actual school net operating losses may vary from these estimates or revisions, and the impact of these differences could have a material impact on results of operations. For the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s revenues included a reduction for net school operating losses at the schools of $3.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively, and $8.7 million and $8.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Because the Company has agreed to absorb any operating losses of the schools, the Company records the expenses incurred by the school as both revenue and expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Amounts recorded as revenues and expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $157.5 million and $142.5 million, respectively, and for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $311.8 million and $278.6 million, respectively.

Subscription-based Contracts

The Company provides certain online curriculum and services to schools and school districts under subscription agreements. Revenues from the licensing of curriculum under subscription arrangements are recognized on a ratable basis over the subscription period. Revenues from professional consulting, training and support services are deferred and recognized ratably over the service period.

In addition, the Company contracts with individual customers who have access for one to two years to company-provided online curriculum and generally prepay for services to be received. Adult learners enroll in courses that provide specialized training in a specific industry. Each of these contracts are considered to be one performance obligation. The Company recognizes these revenues pro rata over the maximum term of the customer contract based on the defined contract price.

Enterprise Contracts

The Company provides job training over a specified contract period to enterprises. Each of these contracts are considered to be one performance obligation. The Company recognizes these revenues based on the number of students trained during the term of the contract based on the defined contract price.

Disaggregated Revenues

The revenue recognition related to the types of contracts discussed above can span both of the Company’s lines of revenue as shown below. For example, a funding-based contract may include both General Education and Career Learning students. In total, there is one performance obligation and revenue is recognized over the Company’s fiscal year. The revenue is then disaggregated between General Education and Career Learning based on the Company’s estimated full-year enrollment totals of each category. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 94% and 93%, respectively, of the Company’s General Education revenues, and 100% and 99%, respectively, of the Company’s Middle – High School Career Learning revenues, were from funding-based contracts. During the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 94% and 93%, respectively, of the Company’s General Education revenues, and 100% and 100%, respectively, of the Company’s Middle – High School Career Learning revenues, were from funding-based contracts.

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated based on its two lines of revenue for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
General Education	$	354,315	$	313,902	$	683,722	$	613,241
Career Learning
Middle - High School		213,079		165,080		411,965		316,053
Adult		19,817		25,886		42,608		55,755
Total Career Learning		232,896		190,966		454,573		371,808
Total Revenues	$	587,211	$	504,868	$	1,138,295	$	985,049

Concentration of Customers

During the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no contracts that represented greater than 10% of total revenues.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, invoicing, and cash collection results in accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (a contract asset) and deferred revenue (a contract liability) in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Accounts receivable are recorded when there is an executed customer contract and the customer is billed. An allowance is recorded to reflect expected losses at the time the receivable is recorded. The collectability of outstanding receivables is evaluated regularly by the Company to determine if additional allowances are needed. Unbilled receivables are created when revenue is earned prior to the customer being billed. Deferred revenue is recorded when customers are billed or cash is collected in advance of services being provided.

The opening and closing balance of the Company’s accounts receivable, unbilled receivables and deferred revenue are as follows:

	December 31,		June 30,		June 30,
	2024		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable	$	582,548	$	472,754	$	463,722
Unbilled receivables (included in accounts receivable)		21,098		19,499		20,647
Deferred revenue		16,797		35,742		76,159
Deferred revenue, long-term (included in other long-term liabilities)		683		1,097		2,061

The difference between the opening and closing balance of the accounts receivable and unbilled receivables relates to the timing of the Company’s billing in relation to month end and contractual agreements. The difference between the opening and closing balance of the deferred revenue relates to the timing difference between billings to customers and the service periods under the contract, as well as changes in the estimates of variable consideration. Typically, each of these balances are at their highest during the first quarter of the fiscal year and lowest at the end of the fiscal year. The amount of revenue recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 that was included in the previous October 1^st deferred revenue balance was $20.1 million and $34.1 million, respectively. The amount of revenue recognized during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 that was included in the previous July 1^st deferred revenue balance was $24.2 million and $35.1 million, respectively. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded revenues of $9.4 million and $3.7 million, respectively, and $9.6 million and $4.5 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, related to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. For the majority of its contracts, the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied over time, as the Company delivers, and the customer receives the services, over the service period of the contract. The Company’s payment terms are generally net 30 or net 45, but can vary depending on the customer or when the school receives its funding from the state.

The Company has elected, as a practical expedient, not to report the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with customers that have an expected duration of one year or less. The amount of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with customers which extend beyond one year as of December 31, 2024 was $0.7 million.

Significant Judgments

The Company determined that the majority of its contracts with customers contain one performance obligation. The Company markets the products and services as an integrated package building off its curriculum offerings. It does not market distinct products or services to be sold independently from the curriculum offering. The Company provides the significant service of integrating the goods and services into the operation of the school and education of its students, for which the customer has contracted.

The Company has determined that the time elapsed method is the most appropriate measure of progress towards the satisfaction of the performance obligation. Generally, the Company delivers the integrated products and services package over the course of the Company’s fiscal year. This package includes enrollment, marketing, teacher training, etc. in addition to the core curriculum and instruction. All of these activities are necessary and contribute to the overall education

of its students, which occurs evenly throughout the year. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis.

The Company determined that the expected value method is the most appropriate method to account for variable consideration and the Company’s forecasting method is an estimation process that uses probability to determine expected funding. On a monthly basis, the Company estimates the total funds each school will receive in a particular school year and the amount of full-year school revenues and operating expenses to determine the amount of revenue the Company will recognize. Enrollment and state funding rates are key inputs to this estimate. The estimates are adjusted monthly, and a cumulative catch-up adjustment is recorded to revenue as necessary to reflect the total revenues earned to date to be proportional to the total revenues to be earned in the fiscal year. The Company builds in known constraints (i.e., enrollment, funding, net operating losses, etc.) into the estimate of the variable consideration to record the most probable amount.

Sales Taxes

Sales tax collected from customers is excluded from revenues. Collected but unremitted sales tax is included as part of accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Revenues do not include sales tax as the Company considers itself a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting sales tax.

Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the wholly-owned and affiliated companies that the Company owns, directly or indirectly, and all controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Investments in Marketable Securities

The Company’s marketable securities generally consist of bonds and other securities which are classified as held-to-maturity. The securities with maturities between three months and one year are classified as short-term and are included in marketable securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The securities with maturities greater than one year are classified as long-term and are included in deposits and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at their amortized cost. The Company recorded interest income of $7.4 million and $5.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $15.6 million and $11.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This activity is recorded within other income (expense) within the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company reviews the held-to-maturity debt securities for declines in fair value below the amortized cost basis under the credit loss model of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (“ASC 326”). Any decline in fair value related to a credit loss is recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, with the amount of the loss limited to the difference between fair value and amortized cost. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the allowance for credit losses recognized related to held-to-maturity debt securities was zero.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s marketable securities consisted of investments in corporate bonds, U.S. treasury notes and commercial paper. The short-term and long-term portions were $202.4 million and $20.7 million, respectively. The maturities of the Company’s long-term marketable debt securities range from one to two years. The following table summarizes the amortized cost, net carrying amount, and fair value disaggregated by class of instrument (in thousands).

				Allowance for		Net Carrying		Gross Unrealized
		Amortized Cost		Credit Losses		Amount		Gains (Losses)		Fair Value
Corporate Bonds	$	52,012	$	-	$	52,012	$	60	$	52,072
U.S. Treasury Notes		42,933		-		42,933		46		42,979
Commercial Paper		128,143		-		128,143		-		128,143
Total	$	223,088	$	-	$	223,088	$	106	$	223,194

As of June 30, 2024, the Company’s marketable securities consisted of investments in corporate bonds, U.S. treasury notes and commercial paper. The short-term and long-term portions were $191.7 million and $21.9 million, respectively. The maturities of the Company’s long-term marketable debt securities range from one to two years. The following table summarizes the amortized cost, net carrying amount, and fair value disaggregated by class of instrument (in thousands).

				Allowance for		Net Carrying		Gross Unrealized
		Amortized Cost		Credit Losses		Amount		Gains (Losses)		Fair Value
Corporate Bonds	$	45,752	$	-	$	45,752	$	(95)	$	45,657
U.S. Treasury Notes		46,760		-		46,760		(71)		46,689
Commercial Paper		121,077		-		121,077		2		121,079
Total	$	213,589	$	-	$	213,589	$	(164)	$	213,425

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses primarily for estimated losses resulting from the inability or failure of individual customers to make required payments. The Company maintains an allowance under ASC 326 based on historical losses, changes in payment history, customer-specific information, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. The allowance under ASC 326 is updated as additional losses are incurred or information becomes available related to the customer or economic conditions.

The Company’s allowance for credit losses increased from $31.3 million as of June 30, 2024 to $35.5 million as of December 31, 2024. The increase of $4.2 million is due primarily to a $9.6 million current year provision, less $5.4 million in amounts written off.

The Company writes off accounts receivable based on the age of the receivable and the facts and circumstances surrounding the customer and reasons for non-payment. Actual write-offs might differ from the recorded allowance.

Inventories

Inventories consist primarily of textbooks and curriculum materials, a majority of which are supplied to virtual and blended public schools, and utilized directly by students. Inventories represent items that are purchased and held for sale and are recorded at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. The Company classifies its inventory as current or long-term based on the holding period. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, $11.8 million and $12.5 million, respectively, of inventory, net of reserves, was deemed long-term and included in deposits and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The provision for excess and obsolete inventory is established based upon the evaluation of the quantity on hand relative to demand. The excess and obsolete inventory reserve was $6.3 million and $5.9 million at December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively.

Other Current Assets

Other current assets primarily include textbooks, curriculum materials and other supplies which are expected to be returned upon the completion of the school year. Materials not returned are expensed as part of instructional costs and services.

Capitalized Software-as-a-Service Costs

The Company capitalizes Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) license and implementation costs incurred in cloud computing contracts that are service contracts if they meet certain requirements. Those requirements are similar to the requirements for capitalizing costs incurred to develop internal-use software. Capitalization of SaaS costs ceases once the project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended purpose. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the term of the associated hosting contract, usually between three and five years. The Company classifies its SaaS implementation costs as current or long-term based on the terms of the associated hosting contract. SaaS implementation costs deemed short-term are included in prepaid expenses, and those deemed long-term are included in

deposits and other assets, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Impairment is recognized when it is no longer probable that the SaaS project will be completed and placed in service.

As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the Company recorded $16.0 million and $13.3 million, respectively, of costs related to SaaS implementation within prepaid expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the Company recorded $41.7 million and $44.1 million, respectively, of costs related to SaaS implementation within deposits and other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Amortization expense reflected within instructional costs and services related to SaaS implementation costs was $0.9 million and zero during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1.6 million and zero during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense reflected within selling, general and administrative expenses related to SaaS implementation costs was $3.9 million and $3.5 million during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $8.2 million and $7.0 million during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no material impairments of SaaS implementation costs during the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset (or the lesser of the term of the lease and the estimated useful life of the asset under the finance lease). Amortization of assets capitalized under finance lease arrangements is included in depreciation expense. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. The determination of the lease term is discussed below under “Leases.”

Property and equipment are depreciated over the following useful lives:

	Useful Life
Computer hardware	3 - 7 years
Computer software	3 - 5 years
Student and state testing computers and printers	3 years
Web site development	3 years
Office equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixtures	7 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of useful life or term of the lease

The Company makes an estimate of unreturned student computers and printers based on an analysis of recent trends of returns. The Company recorded accelerated depreciation of $1.3 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $2.2 million and $2.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to unreturned student computers and printers.

Depreciation expense, including accelerated depreciation, related to computers and printers provided to students reflected in instructional costs and services for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $9.8 million and $7.7 million, respectively, and $17.3 million and $17.0 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Depreciation expense related to property and equipment reflected in selling, general, and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and $1.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company fully expenses computer peripheral equipment (e.g., keyboards, mouses) upon purchase as recovery has been determined to be uneconomical. These expenses totaled $1.1 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $3.1 million and $3.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are recorded as instructional costs and services.

Capitalized Software Costs

The Company develops software for internal use. Software development costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized. The Company amortizes these costs over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally three years. Capitalized software development costs are stated at cost less accumulated amortization.

Capitalized software additions totaled $18.6 million and $18.4 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recorded amortization expense related to capitalized software of $8.0 million and $8.4 million during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $18.9 million and $16.7 million during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, within instructional costs and services. Amortization expense related to capitalized software reflected in selling, general, and administrative expenses during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2.1 million and $1.9 million, respectively, and $4.0 million and $3.6 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Capitalized Curriculum Development Costs

The Company internally develops curriculum, which is primarily provided as online content and accessed via the Internet. The Company also creates textbooks and other materials that are complementary to online content.

The Company capitalizes curriculum development costs incurred during the application development stage, as well as the design and deployment phases of the project. As a result, a significant portion of the Company’s courseware development costs qualify for capitalization due to the concentration of its development efforts on the content of the courseware. Capitalization ends when a course is available for general release to its customers, at which time amortization of the capitalized costs begins. The period of time over which these development costs are amortized is generally five years.

Total capitalized curriculum development additions were $9.8 million and $8.7 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These amounts are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets net of amortization charges. Amortization expense for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $4.2 million and $4.4 million, respectively, and $8.8 million and $9.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is recorded in instructional costs and services.

Leases

The Company’s principal leasing activities include student computers and peripherals, classified as finance leases, and facilities, classified as operating leases.

Leases are classified as operating leases unless they meet any of the criteria below to be classified as a finance lease:

● the lease transfers ownership of the asset at the end of the lease;

● the lease grants an option to purchase the asset which the lessee is expected to exercise;

● the lease term reflects a major part of the asset’s economic life;

● the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds the fair value of the asset; or

● the asset is specialized with no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the term.

Finance Leases

The Company enters into agreements to finance the purchase of student computers and peripherals provided to students of its schools. Individual leases typically include 3-year payment terms. The Company pledges the assets financed to secure the outstanding leases.

Operating Leases

The Company enters into agreements for facilities that serve as offices for its headquarters and school operations. Lease terms vary between 1 and 9 years. Certain leases include renewal options, usually based upon current market rates, as well as termination rights. The Company performs an evaluation of each lease to determine if the lease payments included in the renewal option should be included in the initial measurement of the lease liability.

Discount Rate

The present value of the lease payments is calculated using either the rate implicit in the lease, or the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate, over the lease term. For the majority of the Company’s finance and operating leases, the stated rate is not defined within the lease terms. Therefore, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate. The incremental borrowing rate is defined as the rate of interest that a lessee would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment and is calculated using comparative credit ratings.

Policy Elections

Short-term Leases

The Company has elected as an on-going accounting policy election not to record a right-of-use asset or lease liability on its short-term facility leases of 12 months or less, and will expense its lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The accounting policy election is made by class of underlying asset to which the right of use relates. The Company has elected to apply the accounting policy election only to operating leases.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate. The net deferred tax asset is reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company records as goodwill the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Finite-lived intangible assets acquired in business combinations subject to amortization are recorded at their fair value. Finite-lived intangible assets include trade names, acquired customers and distributors, developed technology and non-compete agreements. Such intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2.5 million and $3.0 million, respectively, and $5.1 million and $6.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included within selling, general, and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Future amortization of intangible assets is expected to be $4.8 million, $8.7 million, $7.1 million, $5.3 million, and $4.5 million in the fiscal years ending June 30, 2025 through June 30, 2029, respectively, and $24.6 million thereafter.

The Company reviews its finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. If the total of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between fair value and the carrying value of the asset.

The Company has one reporting unit. The process for testing goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment is performed annually, as well as when an event triggering impairment may have occurred. Companies are also allowed to qualitatively assess goodwill impairment through a screening process which would permit companies to

forgo the quantitative impairment test as part of their annual goodwill impairment process. The Company performs its annual assessment on May 31^st, which is then updated for any changes in condition as of June 30^th.

During the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no events or changes in circumstances that would indicate that the carrying amount of the goodwill was impaired.

The following table represents the balance of the Company’s intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024:

	December 31, 2024						June 30, 2024
($ in millions)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Trade names	$	70.6	$	(25.9)	$	44.7	$	70.6	$	(23.5)	$	47.1
Customer and distributor relationships		37.1		(32.5)		4.6		37.1		(31.1)		6.0
Developed technology		21.7		(16.1)		5.6		21.7		(14.8)		6.9
Other		1.4		(1.1)		0.3		1.4		(1.1)		0.3
Total	$	130.8	$	(75.6)	$	55.2	$	130.8	$	(70.5)	$	60.3

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets include property, equipment, right-of-use assets, capitalized curriculum and software developed or obtained for internal use. Management reviews the Company’s recorded long-lived assets for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. The Company determines the extent to which an asset may be impaired based upon its expectation of the asset’s future usability as well as on a reasonable assurance that the future cash flows associated with the asset will be in excess of its carrying amount. If the total of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between the fair value and the carrying value of the asset. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no events or changes in circumstances that may indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived assets may not be recoverable.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Measurements are described in a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are:

Level 1:   Inputs based on quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date.

Level 2:   Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3:   Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the instrument’s valuation.

The carrying values reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and short-term obligations approximate their fair values, as they are largely short-term in nature. As of December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the long-term debt was $817.7 million. The Company estimated the fair value based on the

quoted market prices in an inactive market (Level 2). The long-term debt, comprised of the Company’s convertible senior notes due 2027, is recorded at face value less the unamortized debt issuance costs on its condensed consolidated balance sheet, and is discussed in more detail in Note 6, “Debt.” As of December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the Company’s marketable securities was $223.2 million. The Company estimated the fair value based on the quoted market prices in an inactive market (Level 2). The marketable securities are discussed in more detail in Note 3, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Investments in Marketable Securities.”

There were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 or June 30, 2024. There was no activity related to the Company’s fair value measurements categorized as Level 3 in the valuation hierarchy, valued on a recurring basis, during the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Basic net income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. The weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding includes vested restricted stock awards. Diluted net income (loss) per share (“EPS”) reflects the potential dilution that could occur assuming conversion or exercise of all dilutive unexercised stock options and vesting of all dilutive unvested restricted stock awards. The dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock awards was determined using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the proceeds received from the exercise of stock options and restricted stock awards, the amount of compensation cost for future service not yet recognized by the Company and the amount of tax benefits that would be recorded as income tax expense when the stock options become deductible for income tax purposes are all assumed to be used to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. Stock options and restricted stock awards are not included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share when they are antidilutive. Common stock outstanding reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets includes restricted stock awards outstanding. The dilutive effect of the Company’s convertible debt is determined using the if-converted method when the Company’s stock is trading above the conversion price. However, based on the structure of the instrument and how it is settled upon conversion, it would produce a similar result as the previously applied treasury stock method.

The following schedule presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands except share and per share data)
Basic net income per share computation:
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	96,393	$	66,836	$	137,275	$	71,714
Weighted average common shares  — basic		43,017,190		42,561,035		42,942,750		42,530,523
Basic net income per share	$	2.24	$	1.57	$	3.20	$	1.69
Diluted net income per share computation:
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	96,393	$	66,836	$	137,275	$	71,714
Share computation:
Weighted average common shares  — basic		43,017,190		42,561,035		42,942,750		42,530,523
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and convertible debt		4,445,498		902,728		3,962,605		683,596
Weighted average common shares  — diluted		47,462,688		43,463,763		46,905,355		43,214,119
Diluted net income per share	$	2.03	$	1.54	$	2.93	$	1.66

For the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 2,784,556 and 12,915 shares, respectively, that were issuable in connection with restricted stock and convertible debt were excluded from the diluted income per common share calculation because the effect would have been antidilutive. For the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 3,069,566 and 6,546 shares, respectively, were excluded. In connection with the issuance of the 1.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027 (“Notes”), the Company entered into capped call transactions (the “Capped Call Transactions”) as

described further in Note 6, “Debt.” The Capped Call Transactions are expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes. Prior to actual conversion, the Capped Call Transactions are not considered in calculating diluted earnings per share, as their impact would be anti-dilutive. The dilutive shares impact is based on the initial conversion rate associated with the Notes.

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Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

4.   Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes is based on earnings reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements. A deferred income tax asset or liability is determined by applying currently enacted tax laws and rates to the expected reversal of the cumulative temporary differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes. Deferred income tax expense or benefit is measured by the change in the deferred income tax asset or liability during the period. For the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s effective income tax rate was 25.7% and 24.9%, respectively, and for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the rate was 24.5% and 24.9%, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, and June 30, 2024, the balance of income taxes payable was $26.0 million and $10.7 million, respectively. Income taxes payable is recorded within accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.  

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Finance and Operating Leases

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Finance and Operating Leases

Finance and Operating Leases

5.   Finance and Operating Leases

Finance Leases

The Company is a lessee under finance leases for student computers and peripherals under agreements with Banc of America Leasing & Capital, LLC (“BALC”) and CSI Leasing, Inc. (“CSI Leasing”). As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the finance lease liability was $93.9 million and $55.6 million, respectively, with lease interest rates ranging from 2.55% to 6.72%. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the balance of the associated right-of-use assets was $74.2 million and $39.8 million, respectively. The right-of-use asset is recorded within property and equipment, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Lease amortization expense associated with the Company’s finance leases is recorded within instructional costs and services on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company entered into an agreement with BALC in April 2020 for $25.0 million (increased to $41.0 million in July 2020) to provide financing for its leases through March 2021 at varying rates. The Company entered into additional agreements during fiscal year 2021 to provide financing of $54.0 million for its student computers and peripherals leases through October 2022 at varying rates. Individual leases with BALC include 36-month payment terms, fixed rates ranging from 2.55% to 6.72%, and a $1 purchase option at the end of each lease term. The Company has pledged the assets financed to secure the outstanding leases.

The Company entered into an agreement with CSI Leasing in August 2022 to provide financing for its leases. Individual leases under the agreement with CSI Leasing include 36-month payment terms, but do not include a stated interest rate. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the implied interest rate and the total lease payments to calculate its lease liability.

The following is a summary, as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively, of the present value of the net minimum lease payments under the Company’s finance leases:

	December 31, 2024		June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
2025	$	25,609	$	31,655
2026		39,670		19,880
2027		27,481		7,691
2028		7,255		82
Total minimum payments		100,015		59,308
Less: imputed interest		(6,072)		(3,710)
Finance lease liability		93,943		55,598
Less: current portion of finance lease liability		(43,212)		(29,146)
Long-term finance lease liability	$	50,731	$	26,452

Operating Leases

The Company is a lessee under operating leases for various facilities to support the Company’s operations. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the operating lease liability was $51.8 million and $57.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the balance of the associated right-of-use assets was $48.6 million and $54.5 million, respectively. Lease expense associated with the Company’s operating leases is recorded within both instructional costs and services and selling, general, and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Individual operating leases range in terms of 1 to 9 years and expire on various dates through fiscal year 2034 and the minimum lease payments are discounted using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate.

The following is a summary as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively, of the present value of the minimum lease payments under the Company’s operating leases:

	December 31, 2024		June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
2025	$	7,075	$	14,263
2026		12,441		12,361
2027		8,788		8,705
2028		7,798		7,713
2029		7,613		7,599
Thereafter		12,379		12,381
Total minimum payments		56,094		63,022
Less: imputed interest		(4,309)		(5,082)
Operating lease liability		51,785		57,940
Less: current portion of operating lease liability		(12,583)		(12,748)
Long-term operating lease liability	$	39,202	$	45,192

The Company is subleasing one of its facilities through December 2025. Sublease income is recorded as an offset to the related lease expense within both instructional costs and services and selling, general, and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following is a summary as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively, of the expected sublease income:

	December 31, 2024		June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
2025	$	139	$	455
2026		139		139
Total sublease income	$	278	$	594

The following is a summary of the Company’s lease cost, weighted-average remaining lease term, weighted-average discount rate and certain other cash flows as it relates to its operating and finance leases for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Lease cost
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	9,405	$	7,144	$	16,477		$	15,986
Interest on lease liabilities		1,103		466		1,880			983
Instructional costs and services:
Operating lease cost		2,304		2,364		4,644			4,921
Short-term lease cost		13		19		26			32
Sublease income		(66)		(66)		(131)			(197)
Selling, general, and administrative expenses:
Operating lease cost		987		1,546		2,113			3,745
Short-term lease cost		23		56		46			112
Sublease income		(27)		(123)		(149)			(246)
Total lease cost	$	13,742	$	11,406	$	24,906		$	25,336
Other information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(3,178)	$	(4,968)	$	(6,437)		$	(8,587)
Financing cash flows from finance leases		(7,967)		(10,770)		(16,714)			(22,491)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities		11,100		8,434		51,939			26,277
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		—		—		282			625
Weighted-average remaining lease term - finance leases						2.19	yrs.		2.12	yrs.
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases						5.36	yrs.		5.96	yrs.
Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases						5.53	%		5.22	%
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases						2.93	%		2.84	%

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Debt

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Debt

Debt

6.   Debt

The following is a summary, as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively, of the components of the Company’s outstanding long-term debt:

	December 31, 2024		June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
Convertible Senior Notes due 2027	$	420,000	$	420,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		(4,478)		(5,325)
Total debt		415,522		414,675
Less: current portion of debt		—		—
Long-term debt	$	415,522	$	414,675

Convertible Senior Notes due 2027

In August and September 2020, the Company issued $420.0 million aggregate principal amount of  Notes. The Notes are governed by an indenture (the “Indenture”) between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The net proceeds from the offering of the Notes were approximately $408.6 million after deducting the underwriting fees and other expenses paid by the Company.

The Notes bear interest at a rate of 1.125% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1^st and September 1^st of each year, beginning on March 1, 2021. The Notes will mature on September 1, 2027. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded coupon interest expense of $1.2 million and $1.2 million, respectively, and $2.4 million and $2.4 million, respectively, for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $11.4 million which are amortized over the contractual term of the Notes. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded interest expense related to the amortization of the debt issuance costs of $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Before June 1, 2027, noteholders will have the right to convert their Notes only upon the occurrence of certain events. After June 1, 2027, noteholders may convert their Notes at any time at their election until two days prior to the maturity date. The Company will settle conversions by paying cash up to the outstanding principal amount, and at the Company’s election, will settle the conversion spread by paying or delivering cash or shares of its common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of its common stock. The initial conversion rate is 18.9109 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $52.88 per share of common stock (lower strike price). The Notes will be redeemable at the Company’s option at any time after September 6, 2024 at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, subject to certain stock price hurdles as discussed in the Indenture.

In connection with the Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated Capped Call Transactions with certain counterparties. The Capped Call Transactions are expected to cover the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock that initially underlie the Notes, and are expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes. The upper strike price of the Capped Call Transactions is $86.174 per share. The cost of the Capped Call Transactions was $60.4 million and was recorded within additional paid-in capital.

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Credit Facility

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Credit Facility

Credit Facility

7.   Credit Facility

On January 27, 2020, the Company entered into a $100.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (“Credit Facility”) to be used for general corporate operating purposes with PNC Capital Markets LLC. The Credit Facility had a five-year term and incorporated customary financial and other covenants, including but not limited to a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. The majority of the Company’s borrowings under the Credit Facility were at

LIBOR plus an additional rate ranging from 0.875% - 1.50% based on the Company’s leverage ratio as defined in the agreement. The Credit Facility was secured by the Company’s assets. The Credit Facility agreement allowed for an amendment to establish a new benchmark interest rate when LIBOR is discontinued during the five-year term. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants. As part of the proceeds received from the Notes, the Company repaid its $100.0 million outstanding balance and as of December 31, 2024, the Company had no amounts outstanding on the Credit Facility. The Credit Facility also included a $200.0 million accordion feature. The Credit Facility expired on January 27, 2025 and was not renewed.

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Equity Incentive Plan

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Equity Incentive Plan

Equity Incentive Plan

8.   Equity Incentive Plan

On December 9, 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2016 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the “amended and restated 2016 Plan”). The amended and restated 2016 Plan reflects an increase in the number of shares of common stock available for issuance by 1,045,000 shares, the removal of certain provisions that were otherwise required for awards to qualify as performance-based compensation under an exception to Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, prior to its repeal, an extension of the term of the amended and restated 2016 Plan to October 7, 2032, an increase to the limit on the number of shares that may be issued upon the exercise of incentive stock options, and a prohibition on the payment of dividends and dividend equivalents on unvested awards.

The amended and restated 2016 Plan is designed to attract, retain and motivate employees who make important contributions to the Company by providing such individuals with equity ownership opportunities. Awards granted under the amended and restated 2016 Plan may include stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and other stock-based awards. Under the amended and restated 2016 Plan, unissued shares related to forfeited or cancelled awards granted under the amended and restated 2016 Plan or awards granted under the Company’s 2007 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the “Prior Plan”) (to the extent such awards granted under the Prior Plan were outstanding as of December 15, 2016 and were forfeited or cancelled prior to September 19, 2022), will again be available for issuance under the amended and restated 2016 Plan.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, shares tendered to pay the exercise price or tax withholding with respect to a stock option, or shares that are not issued in connection with the settlement of a stock appreciation right on exercise thereof, or shares purchased on the open market with the cash proceeds from the exercise of options will not again be available for issuance under the amended and restated 2016 Plan.

As of December 31, 2024, the remaining aggregate number of shares of the Company’s common stock authorized for future issuance under the amended and restated 2016 Plan was 1,758,424. As of December 31, 2024, there were 1,626,824 shares of the Company’s common stock that remain outstanding or nonvested under the amended and restated 2016 Plan and Prior Plan.

Compensation expense for all equity-based compensation awards is based on the grant-date fair value. The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. The vesting of performance-based awards is contingent on the achievement of certain performance metrics. Compensation expense is recognized retroactively, through a cumulative catch-up adjustment, when the performance conditions are satisfied or when the Company determines that it is probable that the performance conditions will be satisfied. The amount of compensation expense recognized for a performance-based award is affected by the level of achievement attained. Management has established three levels of attainment: threshold, target, and outperform. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded within selling, general, and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Restricted Stock Awards

The Company has approved grants of restricted stock awards (“RSA”) pursuant to the amended and restated 2016 Plan and Prior Plan. Under the amended and restated 2016 Plan and Prior Plan, employees, outside directors and independent contractors are able to participate in the Company’s future performance through the awards of restricted stock. Each RSA vests pursuant to the vesting schedule set forth in the restricted stock agreement granting such RSAs, generally over three years.

Restricted stock award activity during the six months ended December 31, 2024 was as follows:

		Weighted
		Average
		Grant-Date
	Shares	Fair Value
Nonvested, June 30, 2024	731,224	$	40.60
Granted	297,232		82.63
Vested	(190,320)		39.41
Canceled	(61,509)		47.43
Nonvested, December 31, 2024	776,627	$	56.43

During the six months ended December 31, 2024, 297,232 new service-based restricted stock awards were granted and in total, 776,627 remained nonvested at December 31, 2024. During the six months ended December 31, 2024, 190,320 service-based restricted stock awards vested.

Summary of All Restricted Stock Awards

As of December 31, 2024, there was $33.8 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock awards. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years. The fair value of restricted stock awards granted for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $24.6 million and $19.6 million, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $16.1 million and $9.3 million, respectively. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $4.7 million and $4.5 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock awards. During the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the expense was $9.6 million and $8.3 million, respectively.

Performance Share Units

The Company has approved grants of performance share units (“PSUs”) pursuant to the amended and restated 2016 Plan. Each PSU is earned through the achievement of a performance-based metric, combined with the continuation of employee service over a defined period. The level of performance determines the number of PSUs earned, and is generally measured against threshold, target and outperform achievement levels of the award. Each PSU represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock, or at the option of the Company, an equivalent amount of cash, and is classified as an equity or liability award. When the grant is a fixed monetary amount, and the number of shares is not determined until achievement and the value of the Company’s stock on that day, the PSU is a liability-classified award. Each PSU vests pursuant to the vesting schedule found in the respective PSU agreement.

In addition to the performance conditions of the PSUs, there is a service vesting condition which is dependent upon continuing service by the grantee as an employee of the Company, unless the grantee is eligible for earlier vesting upon a change in control and qualifying termination, as defined by the PSU agreement. PSUs are generally subject to graduated vesting schedules and stock-based compensation expense is computed by tranche and recognized on a straight-line basis over the tranches’ applicable vesting period based on the expected achievement level.

Performance share unit activity (excluding liability-classified awards) during the six months ended December 31, 2024 was as follows:

		Weighted
		Average
		Grant-Date
	Shares	Fair Value
Nonvested, June 30, 2024	759,531	$	37.73
Granted	299,908		71.40
Vested	(223,241)		37.44
Canceled	(89,191)		43.68
Nonvested, December 31, 2024	747,007	$	50.62

Fiscal Year 2025 LTIP

During the six months ended December 31, 2024, the Company granted 210,620 PSUs at target under a Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) which are tied to operating income targets and stock price performance. These PSUs had a grant date fair value of $17.0 million, or a weighted average grant-date fair value of $80.89 per share. Seventy-five percent of the earned award is based on operating income performance (“Tranche #1”) and twenty-five percent is based on the performance of the Company’s stock price (“Tranche #2”), both of which will vest after achievement is certified during the first quarter of fiscal year 2028. For Tranche #1, the level of performance will determine the number of PSUs earned as measured against threshold, target and outperform achievement levels. For Tranche #2, the number of PSUs will be earned based on the Company’s compounded annual stock price growth over a completed three-year performance period. In all cases, vesting is dependent upon continuing service by the grantee as an employee of the Company. The fair value of Tranche #2 was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Tranche #2 is a market-based award, and therefore is not subject to any probability assessment by the Company. The Company is currently amortizing Tranche #1 over the vesting period because it believes that it is probable that the metric will be achieved at target.

Fiscal Year 2024 LTIP

During fiscal year 2024, the Company granted 354,090 PSUs at target under an LTIP which are tied to operating income targets and stock price performance. These PSUs had a grant date fair value of $14.4 million, or a weighted average grant-date fair value of $40.84 per share. Seventy-five percent of the earned award is based on operating income performance (“Tranche #1”) and twenty-five percent is based on the performance of the Company’s stock price (“Tranche #2”), both of which will vest after achievement is certified during the first quarter of fiscal year 2027. For Tranche #1, the level of performance will determine the number of PSUs earned as measured against threshold, target and outperform achievement levels. For Tranche #2, the number of PSUs will be earned based on the Company’s compounded annual stock price growth over a completed three-year performance period. In all cases, vesting is dependent upon continuing service by the grantee as an employee of the Company. The fair value of Tranche #2 was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Tranche #2 is a market-based award, and therefore is not subject to any probability assessment by the Company. The Company is currently amortizing Tranche #1 over the vesting period because it believes that it is probable that the metric will be achieved at outperform.

Fiscal Year 2023 LTIP

During fiscal year 2023, the Company granted 289,640 PSUs at target under an LTIP which are tied to operating income targets and stock price performance. These PSUs had a grant date fair value of $10.0 million, or a weighted average grant-date fair value of $34.41 per share. Fifty percent of the earned award is based on operating income performance (“Tranche #1”) and fifty percent is based on the performance of the Company’s stock price (“Tranche #2”), both of which will vest after achievement is certified during the first quarter of fiscal year 2026. The grant date fair value of Tranche #1 was remeasured in October 2022 as a result of a modification of the terms of the award. Originally, performance was tied

to gross margin. The metric was changed to operating income to better align with shareholder feedback and technology industry and peer group common practice. The modification of the performance criteria from gross margin to operating income resulted in a new fair market value as of the modification date of $4.8 million, a decrease of $0.8 million. For Tranche #1, the level of performance will determine the number of PSUs earned as measured against threshold, target and outperform achievement levels. For Tranche #2, the number of PSUs will be earned based on the Company’s compounded annual stock price growth over a completed three-year performance period. In all cases, vesting is dependent upon continuing service by the grantee as an employee of the Company. The fair value of Tranche #2 was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Tranche #2 is a market-based award, and therefore is not subject to any probability assessment by the Company. The Company is currently amortizing Tranche #1 over the vesting period because it believes that it is probable that the metric will be achieved at outperform.

Fiscal Year 2022 LTIP

During fiscal year 2022, the Company granted 250,250 PSUs at target under an LTIP which are tied to gross margin targets and stock price performance. These PSUs had a grant date fair value of $9.1 million, or a weighted average grant-date fair value of $36.30 per share. Fifty percent of the earned award is based on gross margin performance (“Tranche #1”) and fifty percent is based on the performance of the Company’s stock price (“Tranche #2”), both of which will vest after achievement is certified during the first quarter of fiscal year 2025. For Tranche #1, the level of performance will determine the number of PSUs earned as measured against threshold, target and outperform achievement levels. For Tranche #2, the number of PSUs will be earned based on the Company’s compounded annual stock price growth over a completed three-year performance period. In all cases, vesting is dependent upon continuing service by the grantee as an employee of the Company. The fair value of Tranche #2 was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Tranche #2 is a market-based award, and therefore is not subject to any probability assessment by the Company. In July 2024, achievement was certified at 70% of target for Tranche #1, which resulted in the vesting of 62,379 shares. In September 2024, achievement was certified at 175.0% of target for Tranche #2, which resulted in the vesting of 155,946 shares.

Summary of All Performance Share Units

As of December 31, 2024, there was $28.1 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested PSUs that are expected to vest based on the Company’s probability assumptions discussed above. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $3.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to PSUs. During the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the expense was $6.7 million and $7.6 million, respectively. Included in the stock-based compensation expense above, for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is zero and $0.1 million, respectively, and for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is zero and $0.3 million, respectively, related to the Tech Elevator time-based portion of the Management Incentive Plan. The time-based portion of the MIP fully vested during the second quarter of fiscal year 2024 and was settled with the issuance of PSUs. Therefore, the amount recorded in accrued liabilities for future issuances is zero.

Deferred Stock Units (“DSUs”)

The DSUs vest on the grant-date anniversary and are settled in the form of shares of common stock issued to the holder upon separation from the Company. DSUs are specific only to board members.

Deferred stock unit activity during the six months ended December 31, 2024 was as follows:

		Weighted
		Average
		Grant-Date
	Shares	Fair Value
Nonvested, June 30, 2024	96,604	$	32.49
Granted	6,586		108.83
Vested	—		—
Canceled	—		—
Nonvested, December 31, 2024	103,190	$	37.36

Summary of All Deferred Stock Units

As of December 31, 2024, there was $0.6 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested DSUs. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.9 years. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense related to DSUs. During the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the expense was $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

XML

Related Party Transactions

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

9.   Related Party Transactions

The Company contributed to Future of School, a charity focused on access to quality education. Future of School is a related party because a former executive officer of the Company formerly served on its Board of Directors. For the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, contributions made by the Company to Future of School were zero. In fiscal year 2019 and 2021, the Company accrued $2.5 million and $3.5 million, respectively, for contributions expected to be made in subsequent years. As of December 31, 2024, $2.3 million remains outstanding as related to the fiscal year 2021 accrual.

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

10.   Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

In the ordinary conduct of the Company’s business, the Company is subject to lawsuits, arbitrations and administrative proceedings from time to time. The Company vigorously defends these claims; however, no assurances can be given as to the outcome of any pending legal proceedings. The Company believes, based on currently available information, that the outcome of any existing or known threatened proceedings, even if determined adversely, should not have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.

Employment Agreements

The Company has entered into employment agreements with certain executive officers that provide for severance payments and, in some cases other benefits, upon certain terminations of employment. All agreements provide for employment on an “at-will” basis. If the employee resigns for “good reason” or is terminated without cause, the employee is entitled to salary continuation, and in some cases benefit continuation, for varying periods depending on the agreement.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2024, the Company provided guarantees of approximately $0.2 million related to lease commitments on the buildings for certain of the Company’s schools.

In addition, the Company contractually guarantees that certain schools under the Company’s management will not have annual operating deficits and the Company’s management fees from these schools may be reduced accordingly to cover any school operating deficits.

Other than these lease and operating deficit guarantees, the Company did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

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Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information

11.   Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information

	Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Cash paid for interest	$	3,967	$	3,414
Cash paid for taxes	$	19,005	$	38,398
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	51,939	$	26,277
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities:
Stock-based compensation expense capitalized on software development	$	249	$	278
Stock-based compensation expense capitalized on curriculum development		79		71

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ 96,393	$ 40,882	$ 66,836	$ 4,878	$ 137,275	$ 71,714

XML

Insider Trading Arrangements

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

shares

Trading Arrangements, by Individual

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

On December 2, 2024, Mr. Rhyu, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and director, adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act for the sale of up to 33,961 shares of the Company’s common stock until December 31, 2025, for a duration of 395 days. Other than as noted above for Mr. Rhyu, during the three months ended December 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

Name

Mr. Rhyu

Title

Chief Executive Officer and director

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

true

Adoption Date

December 2, 2024

Arrangement Duration

395 days

Aggregate Available

33,961

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services using the following steps:

● identify the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

● identify the performance obligations in the contract;

● determine the transaction price;

● allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

● recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Revenues related to the products and services that the Company provides to students in kindergarten through twelfth grade or adult learners are considered to be General Education or Career Learning based on the school or adult program in which the student is enrolled. General Education products and services are focused on core subjects, including math, English, science and history, for kindergarten through twelfth grade students to help build a common foundation of knowledge. Career Learning products and services are focused on developing skills to enter and succeed in careers in high-growth, in-demand industries—including information technology, healthcare and general business, for students in middle school through high school and adult learners.

The majority of the Company’s contracts are with the following types of customers:

● a virtual or blended school whereby the amount of revenue is primarily determined by funding the school receives;

● a school or individual who licenses certain curriculum on a subscription or course-by-course basis; or

● an enterprise who contracts with the Company to provide job training.

Funding-based Contracts

The Company provides an integrated package of systems, services, products, and professional expertise that is administered together to support a virtual or blended public school. Contractual agreements generally span multiple years with performance obligations being isolated to annual periods which generally coincide with the Company’s fiscal year. Customers of these programs can obtain administrative support, information technology, academic support services, online curriculum, learning systems platforms and instructional services under the terms of a negotiated service agreement. The schools receive funding on a per student basis from the state in which the public school or school district is located. Shipments of materials for schools that occur in the fourth fiscal quarter and for the upcoming school year are recorded in deferred revenue.

The Company generates revenues under contracts with virtual and blended public schools and include the following components, where required:

● providing each of a school’s students with access to the Company’s online school and lessons;

● offline learning kits, which include books and materials to supplement the online lessons;

● the use of a personal computer and associated reclamation services;

● internet access and technology support services;

● instruction by a state-certified teacher; and

● management and technology services necessary to support a virtual or blended school. In certain contracts, revenues are determined directly by per enrollment funding.

To determine the pro rata amount of revenue to recognize in a fiscal quarter, the Company estimates the total expected funds each school will receive in a particular school year. Total funds for a school are primarily a function of the number of students enrolled in the school and established per enrollment funding levels, which are generally published on an

annual basis by the state or school district. The Company reviews its estimates of funding periodically, and updates as necessary, by adjusting its year-to-date earned revenues to be proportional to the total expected revenues to be earned during the fiscal year. Actual school funding may vary from these estimates and the impact of these differences could impact the Company’s results of operations. Since the end of the school year coincides with the end of the Company’s fiscal year, annual revenues are generally based on actual school funding and actual costs incurred (including costs for the Company’s services to the schools plus other costs the schools may incur). The Company’s reported results are subject to annual school district financial audits, which incorporate enrollment counts, funding and other routine financial audit considerations. The results of these audits are incorporated into the Company’s monthly funding estimates for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Historically, aggregate funding estimates have differed from actual reimbursements, generally in the range of 2% of annual revenue or less, which may vary from quarter to quarter.

Each state and/or school district has variations in the school funding formulas and methodologies that it uses to estimate funding for revenue recognition at its respective schools. As the Company estimates funding for each school, it takes into account the state definition for count dates on which reported enrollment numbers will be used for per pupil funding. The parameters the Company considers in estimating funding for revenue recognition purposes include school district count definitions, withdrawal rates, new registrations, average daily attendance, special needs enrollment, academic progress, historical completion, student location, funding caps and other state specified categorical program funding.

Under the contracts where the Company provides products and services to schools, the Company is responsible for substantially all of the expenses incurred by the school and has generally agreed to absorb any operating losses of the schools in a given school year. These school operating losses represent the excess of costs incurred over revenues earned by the virtual or blended public school (the school’s expected funding), as reflected in its respective financial statements, including Company charges to the schools. To the extent a school does not receive sufficient funding for each student enrolled in the school, the school would still incur costs associated with serving the unfunded enrollment. If losses due to unfunded enrollments result in a net operating loss for the year that loss is reflected as a reduction in the revenues and net receivables that the Company collects from the school. A school net operating loss in one year does not necessarily mean the Company anticipates losing money on the entire contract with the school. However, a school’s net operating loss may reduce the Company’s ability to collect its management fees in full and recognized revenues are constrained to reflect the expected cash collections from such schools. The Company records the school’s estimated net operating loss against revenues based upon the percentage of actual revenues in the period to total estimated revenues for the fiscal year. Actual school net operating losses may vary from these estimates or revisions, and the impact of these differences could have a material impact on results of operations. For the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company’s revenues included a reduction for net school operating losses at the schools of $3.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively, and $8.7 million and $8.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Because the Company has agreed to absorb any operating losses of the schools, the Company records the expenses incurred by the school as both revenue and expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Amounts recorded as revenues and expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $157.5 million and $142.5 million, respectively, and for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $311.8 million and $278.6 million, respectively.

Subscription-based Contracts

The Company provides certain online curriculum and services to schools and school districts under subscription agreements. Revenues from the licensing of curriculum under subscription arrangements are recognized on a ratable basis over the subscription period. Revenues from professional consulting, training and support services are deferred and recognized ratably over the service period.

In addition, the Company contracts with individual customers who have access for one to two years to company-provided online curriculum and generally prepay for services to be received. Adult learners enroll in courses that provide specialized training in a specific industry. Each of these contracts are considered to be one performance obligation. The Company recognizes these revenues pro rata over the maximum term of the customer contract based on the defined contract price.

Enterprise Contracts

The Company provides job training over a specified contract period to enterprises. Each of these contracts are considered to be one performance obligation. The Company recognizes these revenues based on the number of students trained during the term of the contract based on the defined contract price.

Disaggregated Revenues

The revenue recognition related to the types of contracts discussed above can span both of the Company’s lines of revenue as shown below. For example, a funding-based contract may include both General Education and Career Learning students. In total, there is one performance obligation and revenue is recognized over the Company’s fiscal year. The revenue is then disaggregated between General Education and Career Learning based on the Company’s estimated full-year enrollment totals of each category. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 94% and 93%, respectively, of the Company’s General Education revenues, and 100% and 99%, respectively, of the Company’s Middle – High School Career Learning revenues, were from funding-based contracts. During the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 94% and 93%, respectively, of the Company’s General Education revenues, and 100% and 100%, respectively, of the Company’s Middle – High School Career Learning revenues, were from funding-based contracts.

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated based on its two lines of revenue for the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
General Education	$	354,315	$	313,902	$	683,722	$	613,241
Career Learning
Middle - High School		213,079		165,080		411,965		316,053
Adult		19,817		25,886		42,608		55,755
Total Career Learning		232,896		190,966		454,573		371,808
Total Revenues	$	587,211	$	504,868	$	1,138,295	$	985,049

Concentration of Customers

During the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no contracts that represented greater than 10% of total revenues.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, invoicing, and cash collection results in accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (a contract asset) and deferred revenue (a contract liability) in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Accounts receivable are recorded when there is an executed customer contract and the customer is billed. An allowance is recorded to reflect expected losses at the time the receivable is recorded. The collectability of outstanding receivables is evaluated regularly by the Company to determine if additional allowances are needed. Unbilled receivables are created when revenue is earned prior to the customer being billed. Deferred revenue is recorded when customers are billed or cash is collected in advance of services being provided.

The opening and closing balance of the Company’s accounts receivable, unbilled receivables and deferred revenue are as follows:

	December 31,		June 30,		June 30,
	2024		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable	$	582,548	$	472,754	$	463,722
Unbilled receivables (included in accounts receivable)		21,098		19,499		20,647
Deferred revenue		16,797		35,742		76,159
Deferred revenue, long-term (included in other long-term liabilities)		683		1,097		2,061

The difference between the opening and closing balance of the accounts receivable and unbilled receivables relates to the timing of the Company’s billing in relation to month end and contractual agreements. The difference between the opening and closing balance of the deferred revenue relates to the timing difference between billings to customers and the service periods under the contract, as well as changes in the estimates of variable consideration. Typically, each of these balances are at their highest during the first quarter of the fiscal year and lowest at the end of the fiscal year. The amount of revenue recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 that was included in the previous October 1^st deferred revenue balance was $20.1 million and $34.1 million, respectively. The amount of revenue recognized during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 that was included in the previous July 1^st deferred revenue balance was $24.2 million and $35.1 million, respectively. During the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded revenues of $9.4 million and $3.7 million, respectively, and $9.6 million and $4.5 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, related to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, and is the unit of account. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. For the majority of its contracts, the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied over time, as the Company delivers, and the customer receives the services, over the service period of the contract. The Company’s payment terms are generally net 30 or net 45, but can vary depending on the customer or when the school receives its funding from the state.

The Company has elected, as a practical expedient, not to report the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with customers that have an expected duration of one year or less. The amount of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with customers which extend beyond one year as of December 31, 2024 was $0.7 million.

Significant Judgments

The Company determined that the majority of its contracts with customers contain one performance obligation. The Company markets the products and services as an integrated package building off its curriculum offerings. It does not market distinct products or services to be sold independently from the curriculum offering. The Company provides the significant service of integrating the goods and services into the operation of the school and education of its students, for which the customer has contracted.

The Company has determined that the time elapsed method is the most appropriate measure of progress towards the satisfaction of the performance obligation. Generally, the Company delivers the integrated products and services package over the course of the Company’s fiscal year. This package includes enrollment, marketing, teacher training, etc. in addition to the core curriculum and instruction. All of these activities are necessary and contribute to the overall education

of its students, which occurs evenly throughout the year. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis.

The Company determined that the expected value method is the most appropriate method to account for variable consideration and the Company’s forecasting method is an estimation process that uses probability to determine expected funding. On a monthly basis, the Company estimates the total funds each school will receive in a particular school year and the amount of full-year school revenues and operating expenses to determine the amount of revenue the Company will recognize. Enrollment and state funding rates are key inputs to this estimate. The estimates are adjusted monthly, and a cumulative catch-up adjustment is recorded to revenue as necessary to reflect the total revenues earned to date to be proportional to the total revenues to be earned in the fiscal year. The Company builds in known constraints (i.e., enrollment, funding, net operating losses, etc.) into the estimate of the variable consideration to record the most probable amount.

Sales Taxes

Sales tax collected from customers is excluded from revenues. Collected but unremitted sales tax is included as part of accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Revenues do not include sales tax as the Company considers itself a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting sales tax.

Investments in Marketable Securities

Investments in Marketable Securities

The Company’s marketable securities generally consist of bonds and other securities which are classified as held-to-maturity. The securities with maturities between three months and one year are classified as short-term and are included in marketable securities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The securities with maturities greater than one year are classified as long-term and are included in deposits and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at their amortized cost. The Company recorded interest income of $7.4 million and $5.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $15.6 million and $11.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This activity is recorded within other income (expense) within the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company reviews the held-to-maturity debt securities for declines in fair value below the amortized cost basis under the credit loss model of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (“ASC 326”). Any decline in fair value related to a credit loss is recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, with the amount of the loss limited to the difference between fair value and amortized cost. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the allowance for credit losses recognized related to held-to-maturity debt securities was zero.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s marketable securities consisted of investments in corporate bonds, U.S. treasury notes and commercial paper. The short-term and long-term portions were $202.4 million and $20.7 million, respectively. The maturities of the Company’s long-term marketable debt securities range from one to two years. The following table summarizes the amortized cost, net carrying amount, and fair value disaggregated by class of instrument (in thousands).

				Allowance for		Net Carrying		Gross Unrealized
		Amortized Cost		Credit Losses		Amount		Gains (Losses)		Fair Value
Corporate Bonds	$	52,012	$	-	$	52,012	$	60	$	52,072
U.S. Treasury Notes		42,933		-		42,933		46		42,979
Commercial Paper		128,143		-		128,143		-		128,143
Total	$	223,088	$	-	$	223,088	$	106	$	223,194

As of June 30, 2024, the Company’s marketable securities consisted of investments in corporate bonds, U.S. treasury notes and commercial paper. The short-term and long-term portions were $191.7 million and $21.9 million, respectively. The maturities of the Company’s long-term marketable debt securities range from one to two years. The following table summarizes the amortized cost, net carrying amount, and fair value disaggregated by class of instrument (in thousands).

				Allowance for		Net Carrying		Gross Unrealized
		Amortized Cost		Credit Losses		Amount		Gains (Losses)		Fair Value
Corporate Bonds	$	45,752	$	-	$	45,752	$	(95)	$	45,657
U.S. Treasury Notes		46,760		-		46,760		(71)		46,689
Commercial Paper		121,077		-		121,077		2		121,079
Total	$	213,589	$	-	$	213,589	$	(164)	$	213,425

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses primarily for estimated losses resulting from the inability or failure of individual customers to make required payments. The Company maintains an allowance under ASC 326 based on historical losses, changes in payment history, customer-specific information, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. The allowance under ASC 326 is updated as additional losses are incurred or information becomes available related to the customer or economic conditions.

The Company’s allowance for credit losses increased from $31.3 million as of June 30, 2024 to $35.5 million as of December 31, 2024. The increase of $4.2 million is due primarily to a $9.6 million current year provision, less $5.4 million in amounts written off.

The Company writes off accounts receivable based on the age of the receivable and the facts and circumstances surrounding the customer and reasons for non-payment. Actual write-offs might differ from the recorded allowance.

Inventories

Inventories

Inventories consist primarily of textbooks and curriculum materials, a majority of which are supplied to virtual and blended public schools, and utilized directly by students. Inventories represent items that are purchased and held for sale and are recorded at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. The Company classifies its inventory as current or long-term based on the holding period. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, $11.8 million and $12.5 million, respectively, of inventory, net of reserves, was deemed long-term and included in deposits and other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The provision for excess and obsolete inventory is established based upon the evaluation of the quantity on hand relative to demand. The excess and obsolete inventory reserve was $6.3 million and $5.9 million at December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, respectively.

Other Current Assets

Other Current Assets

Other current assets primarily include textbooks, curriculum materials and other supplies which are expected to be returned upon the completion of the school year. Materials not returned are expensed as part of instructional costs and services.

Capitalized Software-as-a-Service Costs

Capitalized Software-as-a-Service Costs

The Company capitalizes Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) license and implementation costs incurred in cloud computing contracts that are service contracts if they meet certain requirements. Those requirements are similar to the requirements for capitalizing costs incurred to develop internal-use software. Capitalization of SaaS costs ceases once the project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended purpose. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the term of the associated hosting contract, usually between three and five years. The Company classifies its SaaS implementation costs as current or long-term based on the terms of the associated hosting contract. SaaS implementation costs deemed short-term are included in prepaid expenses, and those deemed long-term are included in

deposits and other assets, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Impairment is recognized when it is no longer probable that the SaaS project will be completed and placed in service.

As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the Company recorded $16.0 million and $13.3 million, respectively, of costs related to SaaS implementation within prepaid expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024, the Company recorded $41.7 million and $44.1 million, respectively, of costs related to SaaS implementation within deposits and other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Amortization expense reflected within instructional costs and services related to SaaS implementation costs was $0.9 million and zero during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1.6 million and zero during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Amortization expense reflected within selling, general and administrative expenses related to SaaS implementation costs was $3.9 million and $3.5 million during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $8.2 million and $7.0 million during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no material impairments of SaaS implementation costs during the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset (or the lesser of the term of the lease and the estimated useful life of the asset under the finance lease). Amortization of assets capitalized under finance lease arrangements is included in depreciation expense. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. The determination of the lease term is discussed below under “Leases.”

Property and equipment are depreciated over the following useful lives:

	Useful Life
Computer hardware	3 - 7 years
Computer software	3 - 5 years
Student and state testing computers and printers	3 years
Web site development	3 years
Office equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixtures	7 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of useful life or term of the lease

The Company makes an estimate of unreturned student computers and printers based on an analysis of recent trends of returns. The Company recorded accelerated depreciation of $1.3 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $2.2 million and $2.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to unreturned student computers and printers.

Depreciation expense, including accelerated depreciation, related to computers and printers provided to students reflected in instructional costs and services for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $9.8 million and $7.7 million, respectively, and $17.3 million and $17.0 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Depreciation expense related to property and equipment reflected in selling, general, and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $0.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and $1.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company fully expenses computer peripheral equipment (e.g., keyboards, mouses) upon purchase as recovery has been determined to be uneconomical. These expenses totaled $1.1 million and $1.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $3.1 million and $3.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are recorded as instructional costs and services.

Capitalized Software Costs

Capitalized Software Costs

The Company develops software for internal use. Software development costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized. The Company amortizes these costs over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally three years. Capitalized software development costs are stated at cost less accumulated amortization.

Capitalized software additions totaled $18.6 million and $18.4 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Company recorded amortization expense related to capitalized software of $8.0 million and $8.4 million during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $18.9 million and $16.7 million during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, within instructional costs and services. Amortization expense related to capitalized software reflected in selling, general, and administrative expenses during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2.1 million and $1.9 million, respectively, and $4.0 million and $3.6 million, respectively, during the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Capitalized Curriculum Development Costs

Capitalized Curriculum Development Costs

The Company internally develops curriculum, which is primarily provided as online content and accessed via the Internet. The Company also creates textbooks and other materials that are complementary to online content.

The Company capitalizes curriculum development costs incurred during the application development stage, as well as the design and deployment phases of the project. As a result, a significant portion of the Company’s courseware development costs qualify for capitalization due to the concentration of its development efforts on the content of the courseware. Capitalization ends when a course is available for general release to its customers, at which time amortization of the capitalized costs begins. The period of time over which these development costs are amortized is generally five years.

Total capitalized curriculum development additions were $9.8 million and $8.7 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These amounts are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets net of amortization charges. Amortization expense for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $4.2 million and $4.4 million, respectively, and $8.8 million and $9.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is recorded in instructional costs and services.

Leases

Leases

The Company’s principal leasing activities include student computers and peripherals, classified as finance leases, and facilities, classified as operating leases.

Leases are classified as operating leases unless they meet any of the criteria below to be classified as a finance lease:

● the lease transfers ownership of the asset at the end of the lease;

● the lease grants an option to purchase the asset which the lessee is expected to exercise;

● the lease term reflects a major part of the asset’s economic life;

● the present value of the lease payments equals or exceeds the fair value of the asset; or

● the asset is specialized with no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the term.

Finance Leases

The Company enters into agreements to finance the purchase of student computers and peripherals provided to students of its schools. Individual leases typically include 3-year payment terms. The Company pledges the assets financed to secure the outstanding leases.

Operating Leases

The Company enters into agreements for facilities that serve as offices for its headquarters and school operations. Lease terms vary between 1 and 9 years. Certain leases include renewal options, usually based upon current market rates, as well as termination rights. The Company performs an evaluation of each lease to determine if the lease payments included in the renewal option should be included in the initial measurement of the lease liability.

Discount Rate

The present value of the lease payments is calculated using either the rate implicit in the lease, or the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate, over the lease term. For the majority of the Company’s finance and operating leases, the stated rate is not defined within the lease terms. Therefore, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate. The incremental borrowing rate is defined as the rate of interest that a lessee would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment and is calculated using comparative credit ratings.

Policy Elections

Short-term Leases

The Company has elected as an on-going accounting policy election not to record a right-of-use asset or lease liability on its short-term facility leases of 12 months or less, and will expense its lease payments on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The accounting policy election is made by class of underlying asset to which the right of use relates. The Company has elected to apply the accounting policy election only to operating leases.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company records as goodwill the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired. Finite-lived intangible assets acquired in business combinations subject to amortization are recorded at their fair value. Finite-lived intangible assets include trade names, acquired customers and distributors, developed technology and non-compete agreements. Such intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2.5 million and $3.0 million, respectively, and $5.1 million and $6.0 million for the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and is included within selling, general, and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Future amortization of intangible assets is expected to be $4.8 million, $8.7 million, $7.1 million, $5.3 million, and $4.5 million in the fiscal years ending June 30, 2025 through June 30, 2029, respectively, and $24.6 million thereafter.

The Company reviews its finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. If the total of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between fair value and the carrying value of the asset.

The Company has one reporting unit. The process for testing goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment is performed annually, as well as when an event triggering impairment may have occurred. Companies are also allowed to qualitatively assess goodwill impairment through a screening process which would permit companies to

forgo the quantitative impairment test as part of their annual goodwill impairment process. The Company performs its annual assessment on May 31^st, which is then updated for any changes in condition as of June 30^th.

During the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no events or changes in circumstances that would indicate that the carrying amount of the goodwill was impaired.

The following table represents the balance of the Company’s intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 and June 30, 2024:

	December 31, 2024						June 30, 2024
($ in millions)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Trade names	$	70.6	$	(25.9)	$	44.7	$	70.6	$	(23.5)	$	47.1
Customer and distributor relationships		37.1		(32.5)		4.6		37.1		(31.1)		6.0
Developed technology		21.7		(16.1)		5.6		21.7		(14.8)		6.9
Other		1.4		(1.1)		0.3		1.4		(1.1)		0.3
Total	$	130.8	$	(75.6)	$	55.2	$	130.8	$	(70.5)	$	60.3

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets include property, equipment, right-of-use assets, capitalized curriculum and software developed or obtained for internal use. Management reviews the Company’s recorded long-lived assets for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. The Company determines the extent to which an asset may be impaired based upon its expectation of the asset’s future usability as well as on a reasonable assurance that the future cash flows associated with the asset will be in excess of its carrying amount. If the total of the expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between the fair value and the carrying value of the asset. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no events or changes in circumstances that may indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived assets may not be recoverable.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are computed based on the difference between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted marginal tax rate. The net deferred tax asset is reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Measurements are described in a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are:

Level 1:   Inputs based on quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date.

Level 2:   Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3:   Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the instrument’s valuation.

The carrying values reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and short-term obligations approximate their fair values, as they are largely short-term in nature. As of December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the long-term debt was $817.7 million. The Company estimated the fair value based on the

quoted market prices in an inactive market (Level 2). The long-term debt, comprised of the Company’s convertible senior notes due 2027, is recorded at face value less the unamortized debt issuance costs on its condensed consolidated balance sheet, and is discussed in more detail in Note 6, “Debt.” As of December 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the Company’s marketable securities was $223.2 million. The Company estimated the fair value based on the quoted market prices in an inactive market (Level 2). The marketable securities are discussed in more detail in Note 3, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Investments in Marketable Securities.”

There were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 or June 30, 2024. There was no activity related to the Company’s fair value measurements categorized as Level 3 in the valuation hierarchy, valued on a recurring basis, during the three and six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Basic net income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. The weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding includes vested restricted stock awards. Diluted net income (loss) per share (“EPS”) reflects the potential dilution that could occur assuming conversion or exercise of all dilutive unexercised stock options and vesting of all dilutive unvested restricted stock awards. The dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock awards was determined using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the proceeds received from the exercise of stock options and restricted stock awards, the amount of compensation cost for future service not yet recognized by the Company and the amount of tax benefits that would be recorded as income tax expense when the stock options become deductible for income tax purposes are all assumed to be used to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock. Stock options and restricted stock awards are not included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share when they are antidilutive. Common stock outstanding reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets includes restricted stock awards outstanding. The dilutive effect of the Company’s convertible debt is determined using the if-converted method when the Company’s stock is trading above the conversion price. However, based on the structure of the instrument and how it is settled upon conversion, it would produce a similar result as the previously applied treasury stock method.

The following schedule presents the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands except share and per share data)
Basic net income per share computation:
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	96,393	$	66,836	$	137,275	$	71,714
Weighted average common shares  — basic		43,017,190		42,561,035		42,942,750		42,530,523
Basic net income per share	$	2.24	$	1.57	$	3.20	$	1.69
Diluted net income per share computation:
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	96,393	$	66,836	$	137,275	$	71,714
Share computation:
Weighted average common shares  — basic		43,017,190		42,561,035		42,942,750		42,530,523
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and convertible debt		4,445,498		902,728		3,962,605		683,596
Weighted average common shares  — diluted		47,462,688		43,463,763		46,905,355		43,214,119
Diluted net income per share	$	2.03	$	1.54	$	2.93	$	1.66

For the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 2,784,556 and 12,915 shares, respectively, that were issuable in connection with restricted stock and convertible debt were excluded from the diluted income per common share calculation because the effect would have been antidilutive. For the six months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, 3,069,566 and 6,546 shares, respectively, were excluded. In connection with the issuance of the 1.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027 (“Notes”), the Company entered into capped call transactions (the “Capped Call Transactions”) as

described further in Note 6, “Debt.” The Capped Call Transactions are expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes. Prior to actual conversion, the Capped Call Transactions are not considered in calculating diluted earnings per share, as their impact would be anti-dilutive. The dilutive shares impact is based on the initial conversion rate associated with the Notes.

Consolidation

Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the wholly-owned and affiliated companies that the Company owns, directly or indirectly, and all controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule of disaggregation of revenue

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
General Education	$	354,315	$	313,902	$	683,722	$	613,241
Career Learning
Middle - High School		213,079		165,080		411,965		316,053
Adult		19,817		25,886		42,608		55,755
Total Career Learning		232,896		190,966		454,573		371,808
Total Revenues	$	587,211	$	504,868	$	1,138,295	$	985,049

Schedule of accounts receivables, unbilled receivables and deferred revenue

	December 31,		June 30,		June 30,
	2024		2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable	$	582,548	$	472,754	$	463,722
Unbilled receivables (included in accounts receivable)		21,098		19,499		20,647
Deferred revenue		16,797		35,742		76,159
Deferred revenue, long-term (included in other long-term liabilities)		683		1,097		2,061

Schedule of investments in marketable securities

The following table summarizes the amortized cost, net carrying amount, and fair value disaggregated by class of instrument (in thousands).

				Allowance for		Net Carrying		Gross Unrealized
		Amortized Cost		Credit Losses		Amount		Gains (Losses)		Fair Value
Corporate Bonds	$	52,012	$	-	$	52,012	$	60	$	52,072
U.S. Treasury Notes		42,933		-		42,933		46		42,979
Commercial Paper		128,143		-		128,143		-		128,143
Total	$	223,088	$	-	$	223,088	$	106	$	223,194

The following table summarizes the amortized cost, net carrying amount, and fair value disaggregated by class of instrument (in thousands).

				Allowance for		Net Carrying		Gross Unrealized
		Amortized Cost		Credit Losses		Amount		Gains (Losses)		Fair Value
Corporate Bonds	$	45,752	$	-	$	45,752	$	(95)	$	45,657
U.S. Treasury Notes		46,760		-		46,760		(71)		46,689
Commercial Paper		121,077		-		121,077		2		121,079
Total	$	213,589	$	-	$	213,589	$	(164)	$	213,425

Schedule of useful lives of property and equipment

	Useful Life
Computer hardware	3 - 7 years
Computer software	3 - 5 years
Student and state testing computers and printers	3 years
Web site development	3 years
Office equipment	5 years
Furniture and fixtures	7 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of useful life or term of the lease

Schedule of intangible assets

	December 31, 2024						June 30, 2024
($ in millions)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Trade names	$	70.6	$	(25.9)	$	44.7	$	70.6	$	(23.5)	$	47.1
Customer and distributor relationships		37.1		(32.5)		4.6		37.1		(31.1)		6.0
Developed technology		21.7		(16.1)		5.6		21.7		(14.8)		6.9
Other		1.4		(1.1)		0.3		1.4		(1.1)		0.3
Total	$	130.8	$	(75.6)	$	55.2	$	130.8	$	(70.5)	$	60.3

Schedule of calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(In thousands except share and per share data)
Basic net income per share computation:
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	96,393	$	66,836	$	137,275	$	71,714
Weighted average common shares  — basic		43,017,190		42,561,035		42,942,750		42,530,523
Basic net income per share	$	2.24	$	1.57	$	3.20	$	1.69
Diluted net income per share computation:
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	96,393	$	66,836	$	137,275	$	71,714
Share computation:
Weighted average common shares  — basic		43,017,190		42,561,035		42,942,750		42,530,523
Effect of dilutive restricted stock and convertible debt		4,445,498		902,728		3,962,605		683,596
Weighted average common shares  — diluted		47,462,688		43,463,763		46,905,355		43,214,119
Diluted net income per share	$	2.03	$	1.54	$	2.93	$	1.66

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Finance and Operating Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Finance and Operating Leases

Schedule of present value of the minimum lease payments on finance leases

	December 31, 2024		June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
2025	$	25,609	$	31,655
2026		39,670		19,880
2027		27,481		7,691
2028		7,255		82
Total minimum payments		100,015		59,308
Less: imputed interest		(6,072)		(3,710)
Finance lease liability		93,943		55,598
Less: current portion of finance lease liability		(43,212)		(29,146)
Long-term finance lease liability	$	50,731	$	26,452

Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases

	December 31, 2024		June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
2025	$	7,075	$	14,263
2026		12,441		12,361
2027		8,788		8,705
2028		7,798		7,713
2029		7,613		7,599
Thereafter		12,379		12,381
Total minimum payments		56,094		63,022
Less: imputed interest		(4,309)		(5,082)
Operating lease liability		51,785		57,940
Less: current portion of operating lease liability		(12,583)		(12,748)
Long-term operating lease liability	$	39,202	$	45,192

Schedule of expected sublease income

	December 31, 2024		June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
2025	$	139	$	455
2026		139		139
Total sublease income	$	278	$	594

Schedule of lease cost, weighted-average remaining lease term, weighted-average discount rate

	Three Months Ended December 31,				Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023		2024			2023
	(in thousands)
Lease cost
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	9,405	$	7,144	$	16,477		$	15,986
Interest on lease liabilities		1,103		466		1,880			983
Instructional costs and services:
Operating lease cost		2,304		2,364		4,644			4,921
Short-term lease cost		13		19		26			32
Sublease income		(66)		(66)		(131)			(197)
Selling, general, and administrative expenses:
Operating lease cost		987		1,546		2,113			3,745
Short-term lease cost		23		56		46			112
Sublease income		(27)		(123)		(149)			(246)
Total lease cost	$	13,742	$	11,406	$	24,906		$	25,336
Other information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(3,178)	$	(4,968)	$	(6,437)		$	(8,587)
Financing cash flows from finance leases		(7,967)		(10,770)		(16,714)			(22,491)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities		11,100		8,434		51,939			26,277
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		—		—		282			625
Weighted-average remaining lease term - finance leases						2.19	yrs.		2.12	yrs.
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases						5.36	yrs.		5.96	yrs.
Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases						5.53	%		5.22	%
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases						2.93	%		2.84	%

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Debt (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Debt

Schedule of components of debt

	December 31, 2024		June 30, 2024
	(in thousands)
Convertible Senior Notes due 2027	$	420,000	$	420,000
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		(4,478)		(5,325)
Total debt		415,522		414,675
Less: current portion of debt		—		—
Long-term debt	$	415,522	$	414,675

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Equity Incentive Plan (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Schedule of restricted stock award activity

		Weighted
		Average
		Grant-Date
	Shares	Fair Value
Nonvested, June 30, 2024	731,224	$	40.60
Granted	297,232		82.63
Vested	(190,320)		39.41
Canceled	(61,509)		47.43
Nonvested, December 31, 2024	776,627	$	56.43

Schedule of performance share units award activity

		Weighted
		Average
		Grant-Date
	Shares	Fair Value
Nonvested, June 30, 2024	759,531	$	37.73
Granted	299,908		71.40
Vested	(223,241)		37.44
Canceled	(89,191)		43.68
Nonvested, December 31, 2024	747,007	$	50.62

Deferred Stock Units

Schedule of performance share units award activity

		Weighted
		Average
		Grant-Date
	Shares	Fair Value
Nonvested, June 30, 2024	96,604	$	32.49
Granted	6,586		108.83
Vested	—		—
Canceled	—		—
Nonvested, December 31, 2024	103,190	$	37.36

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Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information

Schedule of supplemental disclosure of cash flow information

	Six Months Ended December 31,
	2024		2023
	(In thousands)
Cash paid for interest	$	3,967	$	3,414
Cash paid for taxes	$	19,005	$	38,398
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	51,939	$	26,277
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities:
Stock-based compensation expense capitalized on software development	$	249	$	278
Stock-based compensation expense capitalized on curriculum development		79		71

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Description of the Business (Details) - item	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Description of the Business
Number of lines of revenue	2	2

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Basis of Presentation (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 segment
Basis of Presentation
Number of operating segments	1
Number of reportable business segments	1

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Revenues	$ 587,211	$ 504,868	$ 1,138,295	$ 985,049
Estimate of Percentage of Impact on Total Revenue			2.00%	2.00%
School operating losses included in the entity's revenue	3,700	3,100	$ 8,700	$ 8,300
Minimum
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Duration of contracts providing access to curriculum via the entity's Web site			1 year
Maximum
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Duration of contracts providing access to curriculum via the entity's Web site			2 years
Primary Obligor
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Revenues	$ 157,500	$ 142,500	$ 311,800	$ 278,600

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Disaggregated Revenues (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) item
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Number of lines of revenue | item	2	2	2	2
Total Revenues	$ 587,211	$ 504,868	$ 1,138,295	$ 985,049
General Education
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Percentage of revenues from funding-based contracts	94.00%	93.00%	94.00%	93.00%
Total Revenues	$ 354,315	$ 313,902	$ 683,722	$ 613,241
Career Learning
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Total Revenues	$ 232,896	$ 190,966	$ 454,573	$ 371,808
Middle - High School
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Percentage of revenues from funding-based contracts	100.00%	99.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Total Revenues	$ 213,079	$ 165,080	$ 411,965	$ 316,053
Adult
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Total Revenues	$ 19,817	$ 25,886	$ 42,608	$ 55,755

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Concentration of Customers (Details) - contract	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue | Customer Concentration Risk
Concentration of revenues
Number of customers with concentration	0	0	0	0

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Accounts receivables, contract assets and deferred revenue
Accounts receivable	$ 582,548		$ 582,548		$ 472,754	$ 463,722
Unbilled receivables (included in accounts receivable)	21,098		21,098		19,499	20,647
Deferred revenue	16,797		16,797		35,742	76,159
Deferred revenue, long-term (included in other long-term liabilities)	683		683		$ 1,097	$ 2,061
Revenue recognized that was included in opening deferred revenue balance	20,100	$ 34,100	24,200	$ 35,100
Revenue recognized from performance obligation satisfied in prior periods	$ 9,400	$ 3,700	$ 9,600	$ 4,500

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Minimum payment term	30 days
Maximum payment term	45 days
Practical expedient
Unsatisfied performance obligations	true
Unsatisfied performance obligations amount	$ 0.7

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Investments in Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024
Marketable securities
Investment income, nonoperating	$ 7,400	$ 5,600	$ 15,600	$ 11,100
Marketable securities, short-term portion	202,400		202,400		$ 191,700
Marketable securities, long-term portion	$ 20,700		$ 20,700		$ 21,900
Marketable Securities, Maturity Date, Start	1 year		1 year		1 year
Marketable Securities, Maturity Date, End	2 years		2 years		2 years
Amortized Cost	$ 223,088		$ 223,088		$ 213,589
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0		0
Net Carrying Amount	223,088		223,088		213,589
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)					(164)
Gross Unrealized Gains	106		106
Fair Value	223,194		223,194		213,425
Corporate Bonds
Marketable securities
Amortized Cost	52,012		52,012		45,752
Net Carrying Amount	52,012		52,012		45,752
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)					(95)
Gross Unrealized Gains	60		60
Fair Value	52,072		52,072		45,657
U.S. Treasury Notes
Marketable securities
Amortized Cost	42,933		42,933		46,760
Net Carrying Amount	42,933		42,933		46,760
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)					(71)
Gross Unrealized Gains	46		46
Fair Value	42,979		42,979		46,689
Commercial Paper
Marketable securities
Amortized Cost	128,143		128,143		121,077
Net Carrying Amount	128,143		128,143		121,077
Gross Unrealized Gains					2
Fair Value	$ 128,143		$ 128,143		$ 121,079

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 35,517	$ 31,298
Increase in allowance for doubtful accounts	4,200
Provision	9,600
Allowance for credit losses written off	$ 5,400

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Inventory deemed long-term and included in deposits and other assets	$ 11.8	$ 12.5
Excess and obsolete inventory reserve	$ 6.3	$ 5.9

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Capitalized Software-as-a-Service Costs (Details) - Capitalized computer software as service - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024
Property and equipment, net
Capitalized software written down	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0
Prepaid expenses
Property and equipment, net
Capitalized software, net	16.0		16.0		$ 13.3
Deposits and other assets
Property and equipment, net
Capitalized software, net	41.7		41.7		$ 44.1
Instructional costs and services
Property and equipment, net
Amortization expense	0.9	0.0	1.6	0.0
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Property and equipment, net
Amortization expense	$ 3.9	$ 3.5	$ 8.2	$ 7.0
Minimum
Property and equipment, net
Capitalized software as service useful life			3 years
Maximum
Property and equipment, net
Capitalized software as service useful life			5 years

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Property and Equipment and Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property and equipment
Equipment expense	$ 1,100	$ 1,400	$ 3,100	$ 3,000
Capitalized software development costs			$ 18,601	18,402
Capitalized Curriculum Development Costs
Estimated useful life of the software			5 years
Capitalized curriculum development costs			$ 9,841	8,731
Capitalized software
Property and equipment
Capitalized software development costs			$ 18,600	18,400
Capitalized Curriculum Development Costs
Estimated useful life of capitalized software			3 years
Minimum
Operating Leases
Operating leases initial term	1 year		1 year
Maximum
Operating Leases
Operating leases initial term	9 years		9 years
Instructional costs and services
Property and equipment
Depreciation expense	$ 9,800	7,700	$ 17,300	17,000
Capitalized Curriculum Development Costs
Amortization expense	4,200	4,400	8,800	9,000
Instructional costs and services | Capitalized software
Property and equipment
Amortization expense	8,000	8,400	18,900	16,700
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Property and equipment
Depreciation expense	700	1,000	1,400	2,100
Selling, general and administrative expenses | Capitalized software
Property and equipment
Amortization expense	$ 2,100	1,900	$ 4,000	3,600
Student and state testing computers and printers
Property and equipment
Useful Life	3 years		3 years
Computer hardware | Minimum
Property and equipment
Useful Life	3 years		3 years
Computer hardware | Maximum
Property and equipment
Useful Life	7 years		7 years
Computer software | Minimum
Property and equipment
Useful Life	3 years		3 years
Computer software | Maximum
Property and equipment
Useful Life	5 years		5 years
Website development
Property and equipment
Useful Life	3 years		3 years
Office equipment
Property and equipment
Useful Life	5 years		5 years
Furniture and fixtures
Property and equipment
Useful Life	7 years		7 years
Building | Minimum
Operating Leases
Operating leases initial term	1 year		1 year
Building | Maximum
Operating Leases
Operating leases initial term	9 years		9 years
Student computers
Property and equipment
Accelerated depreciation	$ 1,300	$ 1,300	$ 2,200	$ 2,300

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Intangible Assets:
Amortization expense	$ 2.5	$ 3.0	$ 5.1	$ 6.0
Number of reporting units | segment			1
Future amortization of intangible assets
Fiscal 2025	4.8		$ 4.8
Fiscal 2026	8.7		8.7
Fiscal 2027	7.1		7.1
Fiscal 2028	5.3		5.3
Fiscal 2029	4.5		4.5
Thereafter	24.6		24.6
Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Amount	130.8		130.8		$ 130.8
Accumulated Amortization	(75.6)		(75.6)		(70.5)
Net Carrying Value	55.2		55.2		60.3
Trade names
Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Amount	70.6		70.6		70.6
Accumulated Amortization	(25.9)		(25.9)		(23.5)
Net Carrying Value	44.7		44.7		47.1
Customer and distributor relationships
Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Amount	37.1		37.1		37.1
Accumulated Amortization	(32.5)		(32.5)		(31.1)
Net Carrying Value	4.6		4.6		6.0
Developed technology
Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Amount	21.7		21.7		21.7
Accumulated Amortization	(16.1)		(16.1)		(14.8)
Net Carrying Value	5.6		5.6		6.9
Other
Intangible Assets
Gross Carrying Amount	1.4		1.4		1.4
Accumulated Amortization	(1.1)		(1.1)		(1.1)
Net Carrying Value	$ 0.3		$ 0.3		$ 0.3

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value Measurement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value
Estimated fair value of long-term debt	$ 817.7
Estimated fair value of marketable securities	223.2
Measured on a recurring basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	0.0	$ 0.0
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	$ 0.0	$ 0.0

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2020
Weighted average shares used in computing per share amounts:
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$ 96,393	$ 40,882	$ 66,836	$ 4,878	$ 137,275	$ 71,714
Weighted average common shares-basic	43,017,190		42,561,035		42,942,750	42,530,523
Basic net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 2.24		$ 1.57		$ 3.20	$ 1.69
Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock awards (in shares)	4,445,498		902,728		3,962,605	683,596
Weighted average common shares-diluted	47,462,688		43,463,763		46,905,355	43,214,119
Diluted net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 2.03		$ 1.54		$ 2.93	$ 1.66
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2027
Weighted average shares used in computing per share amounts:
Interest rate (as percent)	1.125%				1.125%		1.125%
Stock options and restricted stock
Weighted average shares used in computing per share amounts:
Anti-dilutive shares	2,784,556		12,915		3,069,566	6,546

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Income Taxes - (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024
Income Taxes
Effective income tax rate (as a percent)	25.70%	24.90%	24.50%	24.90%
Income taxes payable	$ 26.0		$ 26.0		$ 10.7

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Finance and Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2021	Jul. 31, 2020	Apr. 30, 2020
Finance and Operating Leases
Finance lease liability	$ 93,943,000	$ 55,598,000
BALC
Finance and Operating Leases
Finance lease liability	93,900,000	55,600,000
Available line of credit				$ 41,000,000.0	$ 25,000,000.0
Finance lease right-of-use assets	$ 74,200,000	$ 39,800,000
Finance lease term	36 months
Purchase option	$ 1
Additional amount of borrowings as at the and of the reporting period			$ 54,000,000.0
BALC | Minimum
Finance and Operating Leases
Fixed interest rate (as a percent)	2.55%
BALC | Maximum
Finance and Operating Leases
Fixed interest rate (as a percent)	6.72%
CSI Leasing
Finance and Operating Leases
Finance lease term	36 months

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Finance and Operating Leases - Finance leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Finance leases
Remainder of fiscal year	$ 25,609
Year 1	39,670	$ 31,655
Year 2	27,481	19,880
Year 3	7,255	7,691
Year 4		82
Total minimum payments	100,015	59,308
Less: imputed interest	(6,072)	(3,710)
Finance lease liability	93,943	55,598
Less: current portion of finance lease liability	(43,212)	(29,146)
Long-term finance lease liability	$ 50,731	$ 26,452

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Finance and Operating Leases - Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Operating Leases
Remainder of fiscal year	$ 7,075
Year 1	12,441	$ 14,263
Year 2	8,788	12,361
Year 3	7,798	8,705
Year 4	7,613	7,713
Year 5		7,599
Thereafter	12,379
Thereafter		12,381
Total minimum payments	56,094	63,022
Less: imputed interest	(4,309)	(5,082)
Operating lease liability	51,785	57,940
Less: current portion of operating lease liability	(12,583)	(12,748)
Long-term operating lease liability	39,202	45,192
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net	$ 48,563	$ 54,503
Minimum
Operating Leases
Operating leases initial term	1 year
Maximum
Operating Leases
Operating leases initial term	9 years

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Finance and Operating Leases - Sub Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Finance and Operating Leases
Remainder of current fiscal year	$ 139
Year 1	139	$ 455
Year 2		139
Total sublease income	$ 278	$ 594

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Finance and Operating Leases - Lease cost and other information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$ 9,405	$ 7,144	$ 16,477	$ 15,986
Interest on lease liabilities	1,103	466	1,880	983
Total lease cost	13,742	11,406	24,906	25,336
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	(3,178)	(4,968)	(6,437)	(8,587)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	(7,967)	(10,770)	(16,714)	(22,491)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$ 11,100	$ 8,434	51,939	26,277
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities			$ 282	$ 625
Weighted-average remaining lease term - finance leases	2 years 2 months 8 days	2 years 1 month 13 days	2 years 2 months 8 days	2 years 1 month 13 days
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	5 years 4 months 9 days	5 years 11 months 15 days	5 years 4 months 9 days	5 years 11 months 15 days
Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases	5.53%	5.22%	5.53%	5.22%
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	2.93%	2.84%	2.93%	2.84%
Instructional costs and services
Finance lease cost:
Operating lease cost	$ 2,304	$ 2,364	$ 4,644	$ 4,921
Short-term lease cost	13	19	26	32
Sublease income	(66)	(66)	(131)	(197)
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Finance lease cost:
Operating lease cost	987	1,546	2,113	3,745
Short-term lease cost	23	56	46	112
Sublease income	$ (27)	$ (123)	$ (149)	$ (246)

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Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024
Debt
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	$ (4,478)	$ (5,325)
Total debt	415,522	414,675
Long-term debt	415,522	414,675
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2027
Debt
Total debt	$ 420,000	$ 420,000

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Debt - Additional Information (Details)	2 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Debt
Amortization of fees on debt				$ 847,000	$ 834,000
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2027
Debt
Face amount	$ 420,000,000.0
Interest rate (as percent)	1.125%	1.125%		1.125%
Net proceeds	$ 408,600,000
Interest expense		$ 1,200,000	$ 1,200,000	$ 2,400,000	2,400,000
Debt issuance costs	$ 11,400,000
Amortization of fees on debt		$ 400,000	$ 400,000	$ 800,000	$ 800,000
Period prior to maturity date where noteholders may convert their notes at their election prior to the maturity date	2 days
Conversion rate	18.9109
Denomination of the Principal amount	$ 1,000
Conversion price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 52.88
Upper strike price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 86.174
Capped call transaction	$ 60,400,000

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Credit Facility (Details) - Credit Facility - USD ($) $ in Millions		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 27, 2020	Dec. 31, 2024
Credit Facility
Face amount	$ 100.0
Term of debt	5 years
Repayments on credit facility		$ 100.0
Amount outstanding		$ 0.0
Amount of accordion feature under the credit facility	$ 200.0
LIBOR | Minimum
Credit Facility
Interest rate spread added to base rate (as a percent)	0.875%
LIBOR | Maximum
Credit Facility
Interest rate spread added to base rate (as a percent)	1.50%

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Equity Incentive Plan (Details) - 2016 Plan - shares	Dec. 09, 2022	Dec. 31, 2024
Equity Transactions
Additional shares available for issuance	1,045,000
Shares reserved for issuance		1,758,424
Number of stock awards outstanding (in shares)		1,626,824

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Equity Incentive Plan - Restricted Stock Awards (Details) - Restricted Stock Awards - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Shares
Nonvested at the beginning of the period (in shares)			731,224
Granted (in shares)			297,232
Vested (in shares)			(190,320)
Canceled (in shares)			(61,509)
Nonvested at the end of the period (in shares)	776,627		776,627
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)			$ 40.60
Granted (in dollars per share)			82.63
Vested (in dollars per share)			39.41
Canceled (in dollars per share)			47.43
Nonvested at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 56.43		$ 56.43
Vesting period			3 years
Unrecognized compensation	$ 33.8		$ 33.8
Weighted average period for recognition of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options granted			1 year 9 months 18 days
Fair value of share-based compensation awards granted in period			$ 24.6	$ 19.6
Fair value of share-based compensation awards vested in period			16.1	9.3
Stock based compensation expense	$ 4.7	$ 4.5	$ 9.6	$ 8.3
Service based awards
Shares
Granted (in shares)			297,232
Vested (in shares)			(190,320)
Nonvested at the end of the period (in shares)	776,627		776,627

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Equity Incentive Plan - Performance Share Units ("PSU") (Details) - Performance Share Units	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Shares
Nonvested at the beginning of the period (in shares)	759,531
Granted (in shares)	299,908
Vested (in shares)	(223,241)
Canceled (in shares)	(89,191)
Nonvested at the end of the period (in shares)	747,007
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 37.73
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	71.40
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	37.44
Canceled (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	43.68
Nonvested at the end of the period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 50.62
Number of shares of common stock each unit has the right to receive	1

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Equity Incentive Plan - Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Performance Share Units
Equity Transactions
Granted (in shares)					299,908
Granted (in dollars per share)					$ 71.40
Vested (in shares)					223,241
Unrecognized compensation			$ 28,100,000		$ 28,100,000
Weighted average period for recognition of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options granted					1 year 7 months 6 days
Stock based compensation expense			3,200,000	$ 3,100,000	$ 6,700,000	$ 7,600,000
Performance Share Units | Fiscal Year 2022 LTIP
Equity Transactions
Granted (in shares)									250,250
Granted (in dollars per share)									$ 36.30
Vesting period									3 years
Fair value									$ 9,100,000
Vested (in shares)	155,946	62,379
Performance Share Units | Fiscal Year 2023 LTIP
Equity Transactions
Granted (in shares)								289,640
Granted (in dollars per share)								$ 34.41
Vesting period								3 years
Fair value								$ 10,000,000.0
Performance Share Units | Fiscal Year 2024 LTIP
Equity Transactions
Granted (in shares)							354,090
Granted (in dollars per share)							$ 40.84
Vesting period							3 years
Fair value							$ 14,400,000
Performance Share Units | Fiscal Year 2025 LTIP
Equity Transactions
Granted (in shares)					210,620
Granted (in dollars per share)					$ 80.89
Vesting period					3 years
Fair value			17,000,000.0		$ 17,000,000.0
Performance Share Units | Tech Elevator
Equity Transactions
Stock based compensation expense			0	$ 100,000	$ 0	$ 300,000
Performance Shares Tranche #1
Equity Transactions
Fair value								4,800,000
Share based payment award fair market value decrease								$ 800,000
Performance Shares Tranche #1 | Fiscal Year 2022 LTIP
Equity Transactions
Certified achievement percentage	175.00%	70.00%
Performance Shares Tranche #1 | Vest immediately | Fiscal Year 2022 LTIP
Equity Transactions
Earned award vesting percentage									50.00%
Performance Shares Tranche #1 | Vest immediately | Fiscal Year 2023 LTIP
Equity Transactions
Earned award vesting percentage								50.00%
Performance Shares Tranche #1 | Vest immediately | Fiscal Year 2024 LTIP
Equity Transactions
Earned award vesting percentage							75.00%
Performance Shares Tranche #1 | Vest immediately | Fiscal Year 2025 LTIP
Equity Transactions
Earned award vesting percentage					75.00%
Performance Shares Tranche #1 | Vest annually over two years. | Fiscal Year 2022 LTIP
Equity Transactions
Earned award vesting percentage									50.00%
Performance Shares Tranche #1 | Vest annually over two years. | Fiscal Year 2023 LTIP
Equity Transactions
Earned award vesting percentage								50.00%
Performance Shares Tranche #1 | Vest annually over two years. | Fiscal Year 2024 LTIP
Equity Transactions
Earned award vesting percentage							25.00%
Performance Shares Tranche #1 | Vest annually over two years. | Fiscal Year 2025 LTIP
Equity Transactions
Earned award vesting percentage					25.00%
Time Based Award
Equity Transactions
Deferred Compensation Liability			$ 0		$ 0

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Equity Incentive Plan - Deferred Stock Units ("DSU") (Details) - Deferred Stock Units - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Shares
Nonvested at the beginning of the period (in shares)			96,604
Granted (in shares)			6,586
Nonvested at the end of the period (in shares)	103,190		103,190
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at the beginning of the period (in dollars per share)			$ 32.49
Granted (in dollars per share)			108.83
Nonvested at the end of the period (in dollars per share)	$ 37.36		$ 37.36
Unrecognized compensation	$ 0.6		$ 0.6
Weighted average period for recognition of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options granted			10 months 24 days
Stock based compensation expense	$ 0.2	$ 0.2	$ 0.4	$ 0.5

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - Future of School - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2019
Related Party Transactions
Contributions made to related party	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0
Accrued contributions to related party	$ 2.3		$ 2.3		$ 3.5	$ 2.5

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Buildings
Commitments and contingencies
Guarantees related to lease commitments	$ 0.2

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Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Cash paid for interest	$ 3,967	$ 3,414
Cash paid for taxes	19,005	38,398
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	51,939	26,277
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing activities:
Stock-based compensation expense capitalized on software development	249	278
Stock-based compensation expense capitalized on curriculum development	$ 79	$ 71