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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] 
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The unaudited financial statements contained herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America although the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information not misleading.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting only of normal recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the accompanying financial statements. The results of operations for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full year.

These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company's audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010, contained in the annual report on Form 10-K for 2010.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of its wholly owned subsidiary, Dakota Ethanol. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from the production of ethanol and related products is recorded when title transfers to customers, net of allowances for estimated returns. Generally, ethanol and related products are shipped FOB shipping point, based on written contract terms between Dakota Ethanol and its customers. Collectability of revenue is reasonably assured based on historical evidence of collectability between Dakota Ethanol and its customers. Interest income is recognized as earned.

Shipping costs incurred by the Company in the sale of ethanol, dried distillers grains and corn oil are not specifically identifiable and as a result, revenue from the sale of these products is recorded based on the net selling price reported to the Company from the marketer.

Cost of Revenues

The primary components of cost of revenues from the production of ethanol and related co-product are corn expense, energy expense (natural gas and electricity), raw materials expense (chemicals and denaturant), and direct labor costs.

Shipping costs incurred in the sale of dried distiller's grains are classified in net revenues. 

Shipping costs on modified and wet distiller's grains are included in cost of revenues. Shipping costs were approximately $735,000 and $206,000 for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2011, respectively. Shipping costs were approximately $442,000 and $122,000 for the nine and three months ended September 30, 2010, respectively.

Inventory Valuation

Ethanol inventory, raw materials, work-in-process, and parts inventory are valued using methods which approximate the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. Distillers grains and related products are stated at net realizable value. In the valuation of inventories and purchase and sale commitments, market is based on current replacement values except that it does not exceed net realizable values and is not less than net realizable values reduced by allowances for approximate normal profit margin.

Investment in commodities contracts, derivative instruments and hedging activities

The Company is exposed to certain risks related to our ongoing business operations.  The primary risks that we manage by using forward or derivative instruments are price risk on anticipated purchases of corn, natural gas and the sale of ethanol.
 
The Company is subject to market risk with respect to the price and availability of corn, the principal raw material we use to produce ethanol and ethanol by-products.  In general, rising corn prices result in lower profit margins and, therefore, represent unfavorable market conditions.  This is especially true when market conditions do not allow us to pass along increased corn costs to our customers.  The availability and price of corn is subject to wide fluctuations due to unpredictable factors such as weather conditions, farmer planting decisions, governmental policies with respect to agriculture and international trade and global demand and supply.
 
Certain contracts that literally meet the definition of a derivative may be exempted from derivative accounting as normal purchases or normal sales.  Normal purchases and normal sales are contracts that provide for the purchase or sale of something other than a financial instrument or derivative instrument that will be delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold over a reasonable period in the normal course of business.  Contracts that meet the requirements of normal purchases or sales are documented as normal and exempted from the accounting and reporting requirements of derivative accounting. For transactions initiated prior to January 1, 2011, we applied the normal purchase and sales exemption under derivative accounting for forward purchases of corn and sales of distiller's grains. We are choosing not to exempt corn purchase contracts initiated after December 31, 2010 from the derivative accounting and reporting requirements. As of September 30, 2011, we are committed to purchasing 3.3 million bushels of corn on a forward contract basis with an average price of $6.29 per bushel, of which 2.7 million bushels are subject to derivative accounting treatment and 600,000 bushels are accounted for as normal purchases, and accordingly, are not marked to market and are accounted for using lower of cost or market accounting. Dakota Ethanol has a derivative financial instrument liability of approximately $2.8 million related to the forward contracted purchases of corn. The corn purchase contracts represent 19% of the annual corn usage.

The Company enters into firm-price purchase commitments with some of our natural gas suppliers under which we agree to buy natural gas at a price set in advance of the actual delivery of that natural gas to us.  Under these arrangements, we assume the risk of a price decrease in the market price of natural gas between the time this price is fixed and the time the natural gas is delivered.  At September 30, 2011, we are committed to purchasing 110,000 MMBtu's of natural gas with an average price of $4.05 per MMBtu.  We account for these transactions as normal purchases, and accordingly, do not mark these transactions to market.

The Company enters into short-term forward, option and futures contracts as a means of securing corn and natural gas for the ethanol plant and managing exposure to changes in commodity and energy prices. The Company enters into short-term forward, option and futures contracts for sales of ethanol to manage exposure to changes in energy prices. All of our derivatives are designated as non-hedge derivatives, and accordingly are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Although the contracts are considered economic hedges of specified risks, they are not designated as and accounted for as hedging instruments.

As part of our trading activity, the Company uses futures and option contracts offered through regulated commodity exchanges to reduce risk and we are exposed to risk of loss in the market value of inventories. To reduce that risk, we generally take positions using forward and futures contracts and options.

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 were as follows:
 
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
September 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010*
Futures and options contracts
 
 Current Assets
 
$
4,052,338

 
$
—

Forward contracts
 
 Current Assets
 
$
—

 
$
73,800

Futures and options contracts
 
 (Current Liabilities)
 
$
—

 
$
(2,527,175
)
Forward contracts
 
 (Current Liabilities)
 
$
(2,837,778
)
 
$
—

*Derived from audited financial statements.

Realized and unrealized gains and losses related to derivative contracts related to corn and natural gas purchases are included as a component of cost of revenues and derivative contracts related to ethanol sales are included as a component of revenues in the accompanying financial statements.

 
 
 Statement of Income
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Classification
 
2011
 
2010
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to purchase contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Futures and options contracts
 
Cost of Revenues
 
$
(1,233,860
)
 
$
(5,010,977
)
Forward contracts
 
Cost of Revenues
 
$
(869,690
)
 
$
739,384


 
 
 Statement of Income
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
 
Classification
 
2011
 
2010
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to sales contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Futures and options contracts
 
Revenues
 
$
—

 
$
252,938

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) related to purchase contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Futures and options contracts
 
Cost of Revenues
 
$
647,376

 
$
(2,164,572
)
  Forward contracts
 
Cost of Revenues
 
$
(3,996,370
)
 
$
171,546


Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Environmental Liabilities

Dakota Ethanol's operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations adopted by various governmental authorities in the jurisdiction in which it operates. These laws require Dakota Ethanol to investigate and remediate the effects of the release or disposal of materials at its locations. Accordingly, Dakota Ethanol has adopted policies, practices and procedures in the areas of pollution control, occupational health and the production, handling, storage and use of hazardous materials to prevent material environmental or other damage, and to limit the financial liability which could result from such events. Environmental liabilities are recorded when Dakota Ethanol's liability is probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

On September 15, 2011 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2011-08, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment. This ASU gives an entity the option in its annual goodwill impairment test to first assess revised qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount (“qualitative assessment”). In certain cases, this will allow an entity to forego the existing two-step goodwill impairment test. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company does not expect that the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations.