485APOS 1 leadcap_485a.htm POST EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT Post Effective Amendment
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 12, 2006
 
File Nos. 333-62298 and 811-10401
 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM N-1A
 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 
[X]
Pre-Effective Amendment No.  
[   ]
Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 
[X]
AND/OR
 
 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940  [X]
Amendment No. 29
 
   
 

TRUST FOR PROFESSIONAL MANAGERS
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
 
(414) 287-3338
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)
 
Rachel A. Spearo, Esq.
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
615 East Michigan Street, 2nd Floor
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
 
Copies to:
 
Carol A. Gehl, Esq.
Godfrey & Kahn S.C.
780 North Water Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
(414) 273-3500

As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement is declared effective.
(Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering)
 
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
 
 
[  ]  immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b).
[  ]  on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b).
[  ] 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1).
[  ]  on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1).
[X] 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2).
[  ] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485.

If appropriate check the following box:

[  ] This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
 
  
 

 

Subject to Completion September 12, 2006
 
The information in this Prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission becomes effective. This Prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.


[LOGO]


Leader Short-Term Bond Fund



Prospectus

_______, 2006











The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.



Leader Short-Term Bond Fund


a series of Trust for Professional Managers (the “Trust”)


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
INVESTMENTS, RISKS AND PERFORMANCE
 3
   
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES
 3
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
 3
PRINCIPAL RISKS
 4
FEES AND EXPENSES
 6
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
 8
PERFORMANCE
 8
   
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
 8
   
THE ADVISOR
 8
PORTFOLIO MANAGER
 9
   
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION
 9
   
SALES CHARGE INFORMATION
 9
SALES CHARGE REDUCTION AND WAIVERS
 9
SHARE PRICE
 11
HOW TO PURCHASE SHARES
 12
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
 14
TOOLS TO COMBAT FREQUENT TRANSACTIONS
 17
OTHER FUND POLICIES
 18
12b-1 FEES
 18
   
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
 19
   
DISTRIBUTIONS
 19
TAX CONSEQUENCES
 19
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
 20
   
Leader Capital Corp. (the “Advisor”) is the investment adviser for the Leader Short Term Bond Fund (the “Fund”) and is located at 121 SW Morrison St., Suite 425, Portland, OR 97204.
   

 




Investments, Risks and Performance
 
Investment Objectives
The primary investment objective of the Leader Short-Term Bond Fund (the “Fund”) is to deliver a high level of current income, with a secondary objective of capital appreciation.
 
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund expects to achieve its objectives by investing in a portfolio of investment grade and non-investment grade debt securities. The Fund invests primarily in a broad range of short-term bonds of corporate issuers. Fixed income securities in which the Fund may invest include foreign (including foreign government) and domestic bonds, notes, corporate debt, government securities and municipal securities. The Fund’s average effective maturity will normally be three years or less. The Fund also may hold cash or cash equivalents and it may enter into repurchase agreements. The Fund's Advisor, Leader Capital Corporation (the "Advisor") utilizes a fundamental top-down analysis. The Advisor analyzes the economy, interest rate cycles, the supply and demand for credit and the characteristics of individual securities in making investment selections.

Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in fixed income securities. This policy may not be changed without at least 60 days’ advance notice to shareholders in writing. The Fund may invest up to 30% of its assets in lower-quality, high yield bonds rated BB to C by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group, to C by Moody’s Investors Service or other Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”) or, if unrated by such NRSROs, determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. The Fund also may invest in bonds with the potential for capital appreciation by purchasing these bonds at a larger discount from par value. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its assets, determined at the time of investment, in foreign fixed income securities, including foreign government securities, American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) and Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities (“STRIPS”). The Fund may use options for hedging purposes, to manage the Fund’s portfolio for investment risk or for liquidity. Fixed income securities in which the Fund may invest include long- or intermediate-term debt securities or high quality, short-term debt securities issued by corporations, financial institutions, the U.S. Government, auction rate securities (“ARS”) and money market investments. STRIPS are a type of security issued by the U.S. Treasury Department as zero-coupon bonds, and are offered in a wide range of maturities in minimum denominations of $1,000. Investors purchase STRIPS at a substantial discount and redeem them upon maturity for their par value. ARS are long-term, variable rate bonds tied to short-term interest rates, whose rates are reset at short-term intervals. ARS are priced and traded as short-term instruments because of this interest rate reset and, as a result, the Advisor considers investing in ARS to be a cash management technique.

The Fund may invest up to 20% of its assets in cash, cash equivalents and fixed income securities other than as described above. By keeping some cash or cash equivalents, the Fund may be able to avoid realizing gains and losses from selling investments when there are shareholder redemptions. However, the Fund may have difficulty meeting its investment objectives when holding a significant cash position.

The Advisor will consider a floating- or variable-rate security to have a maturity equal to its stated maturity (or redemption date if it has been called for redemption), except that it may consider (1) variable-rate securities to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the next readjustment in the interest rate, unless subject to a demand feature; (2) variable-rate securities subject to a demand feature to have a remaining maturity equal to the longer of (a) the next readjustment in the interest rate or (b) the period remaining until the principal can be recovered through demand; and (3) floating-rate securities subject to a demand feature to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the principal can be recovered through demand. Variable- and floating-rate securities generally are subject to less principal fluctuation than securities without these attributes.

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The Advisor may sell a security if its value becomes unattractive, such as when its fundamentals deteriorate or when other investment opportunities exist that may have more attractive yields. The Fund’s annual portfolio turnover rate indicates changes in its portfolio investments. The Advisor will sell a security when appropriate and consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies, regardless of the effect on the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate. Please note that buying and selling securities generally involves some expense to the Fund, such as broker commissions and other transaction costs. A high turnover rate in any year will result in payment by the Fund of above-average transaction costs and could generate capital gains that must be distributed to shareholders as short-term capital gains taxed at ordinary income rates. The Fund cannot accurately predict its future annual portfolio turnover rate, but it expects it to be less than 100%. Portfolio turnover may vary substantially from year to year since portfolio adjustments are made when conditions affecting relevant markets, particular industries or individual issues warrant such action. In addition, portfolio turnover may also be affected by sales of portfolio securities necessary to meet cash requirements for redemptions of shares.

Changes in Investment Objectives and Strategies. The investment objectives, strategies and policies described above may be changed without the approval of the Fund’s shareholders upon 30 days’ written notice to shareholders. However, the Fund will not change its investment policy of investing at least 80% of its assets in fixed income securities without changing the name of the Fund and providing shareholders with at least 60 days’ advance notice in writing.

 
Is the Fund right for you?
 
The Fund may be suitable for:
 
·  Long-term investors seeking a high level of current income
 
·  Investors willing to accept price and return fluctuations associated with lower-quality investments
 
·  Investors seeking to diversify their holdings with a portfolio consisting primarily of short-term fixed income securities
 
·  Investors seeking to reduce their portfolio’s interest rate risk
 
 

Principal Risks
Before investing in the Fund, you should carefully consider your own investment goals, the amount of time you are willing to leave your money invested and the amount of risk you are willing to take. Remember that in addition to possibly not achieving your investment goals, you could lose money by investing in the Fund. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are:

Interest Rate Risk. The value of the Fund may fluctuate based on changes in interest rates and market conditions. As interest rates rise, the value of income producing instruments may decrease. This risk increases as the term of the note increases. Income earned on floating- or variable-rate securities will vary as interest rates decrease or increase. Variable- and floating-rate securities generally are less susceptible to interest rates than fixed-rate obligations. However, the interest rates on variable rate securities, as well as certain floating-rate securities whose interest rates are reset only periodically, can fluctuate in value as a result of interest rate changes when there is an imperfect correlation between the interest rates on the securities and prevailing market interest rates.
 

4

Credit Risk. The issuer of a fixed income security may not be able to make interest or principal payments when due. Generally, the lower the credit rating of a security, the greater the risk that the issuer will default on its obligation. Credit risks associated with ARS mirror those of other bond issues in terms of default risk associated with the issuers. Because ARS do not carry a put feature allowing the bondholder to require the purchase of the bonds by the issuer or a third party, they are very sensitive to changes in credit ratings and normally require the highest ratings (e.g., AAA/Aaa) to make them marketable.

High Yield Bond Risk. Lower-quality bonds, known as high yield bonds or “junk bonds,” present a significant risk for loss of principal and interest. These bonds offer the potential for higher return, but also involve greater risk than bonds of higher quality, including an increased possibility that the bond’s issuer, obligor or guarantor may not be able to make its payments of interest and principal (credit quality risk). If that happens, the value of the bond may decrease, and the Fund’s share price may decrease and its income distribution may be reduced. An economic downturn or period of rising interest rates (interest rate risk) could adversely affect the market for these bonds and reduce the Fund’s ability to sell its bonds (liquidity risk). The lack of a liquid market for these bonds could decrease the Fund’s share price.

Management Risk. The strategy used by the Advisor may fail to produce the intended results. The ability of the Fund to meet its investment objectives is directly related to the Advisor’s investment strategies for the Fund. Your investment in the Fund varies with the effectiveness of the Advisor’s research, analysis and asset allocation among portfolio securities. If the Advisor’s investment strategies do not produce the expected results, your investment could be diminished or even lost.

Active Trading Risk. The Advisor’s active trading strategy may increase the Fund’s costs and reduce the Fund’s performance.

Foreign Risk. Foreign investments involve additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. Government securities and/or securities of domestic companies, including currency rate fluctuations, political and economic instability, differences in financial reporting standards and less strict regulation of securities markets. Securities subject to these risks may be less liquid than those that are not subject to these risks.

Derivatives Risk. When writing put and call options, the Fund is exposed to declines in the value of the underlying asset against which the option was written. To the extent required, the Fund will cover the financial exposure created by writing put and call options either by purchasing or selling offsetting options or futures or designating liquid assets to cover such financial exposure. When purchasing options, the Fund is exposed to the potential loss of the option purchase price. Derivatives may be illiquid and the market for derivatives is largely unregulated. The use of derivatives may not always be a successful strategy and using them could lower the Fund’s return.

Legislative Change Risk. Municipal securities are subject to the risk that legislative changes and local and business developments may adversely affect the yield or value of the Fund’s investments in such securities.

Government Securities Risk. It is possible that the U.S. Government would not provide financial support to its agencies or instrumentalities if it is not required to do so by law. If a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality in which the Fund invests defaults and the U.S. Government does not stand behind the obligation, the Fund’s share price or yield could fall. Securities of U.S. Government sponsored entities, such as Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae, are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government’s guarantee of ultimate payment of principal and timely payment of interest of the U.S. Government securities owned by the Fund does not imply that the Fund’s shares are guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency, or that the price of the Fund’s shares will not fluctuate.

5

The Fund is not a complete investment program. As with any mutual fund investment, the Fund’s returns will vary and you could lose money.

General Information

The investment objectives of the Fund may be changed without shareholder approval. However, the Fund will not change its investment policy of investing at least 80% of its assets in fixed income securities without changing the name of the Fund and providing shareholders with at least 60 days’ advance notice in writing.
 
From time to time, the Fund may take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with the Fund’s principal investment strategies, in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. For example, the Fund may hold up to 100% of its assets in cash, short-term U.S. Government securities, money market instruments, exchange-traded funds, ARS, investment grade fixed income securities or repurchase agreements. The Fund may also invest in such instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of investments in accordance with its investment strategies. As a result of engaging in these temporary measures, the Fund may not achieve its investment objectives.

A security’s credit quality rating is determined at the time of investment through credit research and analysis and, where available, credit ratings by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”). When the Advisor determines whether a security is in a specific rating category, the lowest rating may be used. If a security is not rated by an NRSRO, the Advisor uses internal credit research and analysis to rate the security. Investments in lower-quality securities, particularly those that are not rated, depend more on the Advisor’s internal analysis than higher quality securities.

The Fund may retain lower-quality securities that are downgraded after the Fund’s investment. Lower-quality securities involve greater risks, including the possibility of default or bankruptcy by the issuer, obligor or guarantor. Also, lower-quality securities are less liquid, meaning they may be harder to sell than comparable securities of higher quality because the demand for them may be lower and there may be fewer potential buyers, and they have a higher risk of becoming illiquid. This lack of liquidity may lower the value of these investments, and your investment in the Fund.


Fees and Expenses
As an investor, you pay certain fees and expenses if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. The fees and expenses are described in the following tables and are further explained in the example that follows.

Shareholder Fees (1)
(fees paid directly from your investment)
 
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on purchases(2)
3.50%
Maximum sales charge (load) imposed on reinvested dividends
None
Maximum deferred sales charge (load)
None
Redemption Fee
None

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Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that are deducted from Fund assets)
 
Management Fees
1.10%
Distribution (12b-1) Fees
0.25%
Other Expenses (3)
____%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses
____%
Less: Expense waiver/reimbursement(4)
____%
Net Expenses(4)
1.65%
(1) 
You will be assessed fees for outgoing wire transfers, returned checks and stop payment orders at prevailing rates charged by U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, the Fund’s transfer agent. If a shareholder requests that a redemption be made by wire transfer, currently a $15.00 fee is charged.
(2)
The sales load does not apply to purchases of $500,000 or more.
(3) 
Because the Fund is new, these expenses, which include custodial, transfer agency and other customary Fund expenses, are based on estimated amounts for the Fund’s current fiscal year.
 (4) 
The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its fees and/or absorb expenses of the Fund to ensure that Total Annual Operating Expenses for the Fund, excluding brokerage fees and commissions, 12b-1 fees, taxes and extraordinary expenses, do not exceed 1.40% of the Fund’s average net assets through ________, 200_, and for an indefinite period thereafter. This contract may only be terminated by the Board of Trustees if it is in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders. The Advisor is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Fund, subject to limitations, for fees it waived and Fund expenses it paid. The Advisor is permitted to seek reimbursement from the Fund for three years from the date fees were waived or reimbursed, without causing Fund operating expenses to exceed the 1.40% cap. Any such reimbursement is subject to the Board of Trustees review and approval. The Fund’s net expenses are calculated as 1.65% based on the Advisor’s agreement to cap expenses at 1.40%, plus the 12b-1 fee of 0.25%.
 
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the costs of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year, that dividends and distributions are reinvested and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Please note that the figures below are based on the Fund’s net expenses after giving effect to the expense limitation in the agreement described above. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions, your costs would be:
 
One Year
Three Years
$_____
$_____

Fund Expenses 
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. Pursuant to a contractual operating expense limitation agreement between the Advisor and the Fund, the Advisor has agreed to reduce its fees and/or pay expenses of the Fund to ensure that the total amount of Fund operating expenses (exclusive of the Rule 12b-1 fee of 0.25%) does not exceed 1.40% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. Any reduction in advisory fees or payment of expenses made by the Advisor may be reimbursed by the Fund in subsequent fiscal years if the Advisor so requests. This reimbursement may be requested if the aggregate amount actually paid by the Fund toward operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. The Advisor is permitted to be reimbursed for fee reductions and/or expense payments made in the prior three fiscal years. Any such reimbursement will be reviewed and approved by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board of Trustees”). The Fund must pay its current ordinary operating expenses before the Advisor is entitled to any reimbursement of fees and/or expenses. In addition, any such reimbursement from the Fund to the Advisor will be subject to the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. This agreement may be terminated at any time at the discretion of the Board of Trustees.

7

 

Portfolio Holdings Information
A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”). Currently, disclosure of the Fund’s holdings is required to be made quarterly within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter in the annual and semi-annual reports to Fund shareholders and in the quarterly holdings report on Form N-Q. The annual and semi-annual reports will be available by contacting Leader Short-Term Bond Fund, c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, P.O. Box 701, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701 or calling ___________, or on its website at www.leadercapital.com.
 
Performance
The Fund is the successor to the Leader Short-Term Bond Fund, a series of Unified Series Trust (the “Predecessor Fund”) pursuant to a reorganization that took place on ____, 2006. Prior to that date, the Fund had no investment operations. Accordingly, the performance information and financial information provided in this Prospectus for the period prior to ____, 2006, is historical information for the Predecessor Fund. The Predecessor Fund was managed by the same investment advisor as the Fund and had the same investment objective and strategies as the Fund and substantially the same investment policies as the Fund.

Predecessor Fund Average Annual Total Returns
For The Periods Ended __________, 2006

 
Year to Date
Since Inception
(July 14, 2005)
Predecessor Fund
   
Return Before Taxes
_____%
_____%
Return After Taxes on Distributions(1)
_____%
_____%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and
Sale of Fund Shares(1)
_____%
_____%
Merrill Lynch 1-3 Year Government/Corporate Bond Index(2)
_____%
_____%
(1) After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and does not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on your situation and may differ from those shown. Furthermore, the after-tax returns shown are not relevant to those who hold their shares through tax-deferred arrangements such as 401(k) plans or Individual Retirement Accounts (“IRAs”).
(2) The Merrill Lynch 1-3 Year U.S. Government/Corporate Index (ML13) is an index tracking short-term U.S. government and corporate securities with maturities between 1 and 2.99 years. The index is produced by Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith. The ML13 does not reflect the deduction of fees, expenses or taxes that mutual fund investors bear..

Management of the Fund
 
The Advisor
Leader Capital Corp., 121 SW Morrison St., Suite 425, Portland, OR 97204, serves as investment advisor to the Fund.  John E. Lekas is the President of the Advisor, which he founded in 1997. The Advisor implements the Fund’s overall investment strategies, identifies securities for investment, determines when securities should be purchased or sold, selects brokers or dealers to execute transactions for the Fund’s portfolio and votes any proxies solicited by portfolio companies. The Fund is the only mutual fund currently managed by the Advisor.

Pursuant to the terms of the Fund’s Investment Advisory Agreement, (the “Advisory Agreement”) as compensation for its investment management services the Advisor receives a fee, computed and accrued daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of 1.10% of the Fund’s daily net assets. The Advisor has contractually agreed to waive its fee and reimburse the Fund’s expenses so that total annual Fund operating expenses, excluding brokerage fees and commissions, 12b-1 fees, borrowing costs, taxes and extraordinary expenses, do not exceed 1.40% of its average daily net assets, through _____, 200_.

8

The Advisor (not the Fund) may pay certain financial institutions (which may include banks, credit unions, brokers, securities dealers and other industry professionals) a fee for providing distribution-related services and/or for performing certain administrative servicing functions for Fund shareholders, to the extent these institutions are allowed to do so by applicable statute, rule or regulation.

A discussion of the factors that the Board of Trustees considered in approving the Fund’s Advisory Agreement is included in the Fund’s annual or semi-annual report, as applicable.


Portfolio Manager
John E. Lekas serves as the portfolio manager solely responsible for the investment decisions of the Fund. He has 18 years experience as an investment professional. Prior to founding the Advisor in 1997, Mr. Lekas served as a portfolio manager at Smith Barney where he focused on discretionary management of bond portfolios worth over $200 million. He received a bachelor’s degree in finance from the University of Oregon.

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides the following additional information about the Fund’s portfolio manager: (i) compensation structure, (ii) a description of other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and (iii) the portfolio manager’s ownership of shares of the Fund.

Shareholder Information
 
Sales Charge Information
Shares of the Fund may be purchased at the public offering price, which is the next determined net asset value (“NAV”), plus an initial sales charge of up to 3.50%. The payment of an initial sales charge means that a portion of your initial investment goes toward the sales charge. Reduction and waivers of the sales charge are available in certain circumstances. The actual sales charge imposed varies depending on the amount invested as follows:

Sales Charge as a percentage of:

 
Offering Price
Net Amount Invested
Dealer Re-allowance as a percentage of Public Offering Price
Less than $100,000
3.50%
3.62%
3.00%
$100,000 but less than $250,000
2.50%
2.56%
2.00%
$250,000 but less than $500,000
1.50%
1.52%
1.00%
$500,000 or more
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%


Sales Charge Reduction And Waivers
 
Breakpoint Discounts

As the sales charge table above shows, the larger your investment in the Fund’s shares, the lower your initial sales charge imposed on the purchase. Each investment threshold that qualifies for a lower sales charge is known as a “breakpoint.” You may be able to qualify for a breakpoint on the basis of a single purchase, or by aggregating the amounts of more than one purchase in the following ways:

9

Letter of Intent. A letter of intent (“LOI”) allows you to qualify for a breakpoint discount with respect to a current purchase, based on the total amount of purchases you intend to make in the near future. You can sign an LOI, in which you agree to invest a certain amount (your goal) in the Fund over a six-month period, and your initial sales charge will be based on your goal. A 90-day back-dated period can also be used to count previous purchases toward your goal (but you will not be entitled to a rebate of any sales charge paid on those purchases). Your goal must be at least $100,000, and, if you do not meet your goal within the six-month period, the higher sales charge will be deducted from your account.

Right of Accumulation. A right of accumulation (“Right of Accumulation”) allows you to qualify for a breakpoint with respect to a current purchase based on the total value of your previous purchases in the past six months. For example, if your account value from shares of the Fund purchased in the previous six months is $90,000 and you wish to invest an additional $20,000 in the Fund, you can invest that $20,000 in Fund shares and pay the reduced sales charge rate normally applicable to a $100,000 investment. The Fund may terminate or change this privilege at any time upon written notice.

Combine With Family Members and Related Entities. You can also count towards the amount of your investment, all investments in the Fund made in the previous six months by your spouse and your children under age 21 (“Family Members”), including their Rights of Accumulation and goals under an LOI. You can also count the amount of all investments in the Fund under a single trust agreement with multiple beneficiaries, of which you are one, or a qualified retirement or employee plan of a single employer, of which you are a participant.

Your Responsibility With Respect to Breakpoint Discounts. In order to obtain any of the sales charge discounts set forth above, you must inform your financial advisor or the Fund’s transfer agent of the existence of any eligible amounts under any Rights of Accumulation or LOI, in accounts held by Family Members at the time of purchase. You must inform your financial advisor and/or the Fund’s transfer agent of all shares of the Fund held (i) in your account(s) at the financial advisor, (ii) in your account(s) by another financial intermediary and (iii) in any other accounts held at any financial intermediary belonging to your Family Members. IF YOU FAIL TO INFORM YOUR FINANCIAL ADVISOR OR THE FUND’S TRANSFER AGENT OF ALL ELIGIBLE HOLDINGS OR PLANNED PURCHASES, YOU MAY NOT RECEIVE A SALES CHARGE DISCOUNT TO WHICH YOU WOULD OTHERWISE BE ENTITLED. The Fund will require the names and account numbers of all accounts claimed in connection with a request for a sales charge discount. You may also be required to provide verification of holdings (such as account statements and/or copies of documents that reflect the original purchase cost of your holdings) that qualify you for a sales charge reduction. As such, it is very important that you retain all records that may be needed to substantiate an original purchase price of your holdings, as the Fund, its transfer agent and financial intermediaries may not maintain this information.

Purchases at Net Asset Value

Purchases of shares in an amount of $500,000 or more are not subject to an initial sales charge.  In addition, purchases of shares in an amount less than $500,000 may be eligible for a waiver of the sales charge in the following circumstances:

·  
purchases by affiliates of the Fund, such as the Advisor and its employees, and all such persons’ immediate relatives (spouse, parents, siblings, children including in-law relationships) and their beneficial accounts;
 
 
10

 

·  
initial purchases by shareholders who become shareholders of the Fund subject to the terms of an agreement and plan of reorganization which permits such shareholders to acquire Fund shares at NAV;
 
·  
purchases made through certain intermediaries including, but not limited to, the following: National Financial Services LLC NTF (Fidelity), National Investor Services Corp. NTF (TD Waterhouse), Charles Schwab OneSource NTF, U.S. Clearing Corp., E-Trade, Scottrade, Investmart, Ameritrade and Pershing;

·  
purchases made through certain financial intermediaries including banks, trust companies, broker-dealers, credit unions and financial advisors that enter into selling arrangements with the Fund’s distributor;

·  
purchases by employees and registered representatives of broker-dealers that have selling arrangements with the Fund’s distributor; directors, officers and employees of other financial institutions that are parties to agency agreements with the Fund’s distributor, and all such persons’ immediate relatives and their beneficial accounts; and

·  
purchases by investors who participate in certain wrap fee investment programs or certain retirement programs sponsored by broker-dealers or other service organizations that have entered into service agreements to provide services to Fund shareholders. Such programs generally have other fees and expenses, so you should read any materials provided by the program’s sponsor.

Website Disclosure

Information about sales charges, including sales load breakpoints, Rights of Accumulation and LOIs, is fully disclosed in this Prospectus, which is available, free of charge, on the Advisor’s website at www.leadercapital.com. The Fund believes that it is very important that an investor fully consider all aspects of an investment in the Fund and be able to access all relevant information in one location. Therefore, the Fund does not make the sales charge information available to investors on the Fund’s website independent of the Prospectus.
 
Share Price
The price you pay for your shares is based on the Fund’s NAV per share. The NAV is calculated at the close of trading (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) on each day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for business (the NYSE is closed on weekends, most Federal holidays and Good Friday). The NAV will not be calculated on days that the NYSE is closed for trading. The NAV is calculated by dividing the value of the Fund’s total assets (including interest and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus liabilities (including accrued expenses) by the total number of shares outstanding. Requests to purchase and sell shares are processed at the NAV next calculated after the Fund receives your order in proper form.

11

In calculating the NAV, portfolio securities are valued using current market values or official closing prices, if available. Each security owned by the Fund that is listed on a securities exchange is valued at its last sale price on that exchange on the date as of which assets are valued. Where the security is listed on more than one exchange, the Fund will use the price of the exchange that the Fund generally considers to be the principal exchange on which the security is traded. When market quotations are not readily available, a security or other asset is valued at its fair value as determined under procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. These fair value procedures will also be used to price a security when corporate events, events in the securities market and/or world events cause the Advisor to believe that a security’s last sale price may not reflect its actual market value. The intended effect of using fair value pricing procedures is to ensure that the Fund is accurately priced. The Board of Trustees will regularly evaluate whether the Fund’s fair valuation pricing procedures continue to be appropriate in light of the specific circumstances of the Fund and the quality of prices obtained through their application by the Trust’s valuation committee.

When fair value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by the Fund to calculate its NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities. Due to the subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, it is possible that the fair value determined for a particular security may be materially different from the price of the security quoted or published by others or the value when trading resumes or realized upon its sale. Therefore, if a shareholder purchases or redeems shares in the Fund when it holds securities priced at a fair value, this may have the unintended effect of increasing or decreasing the number of shares received in a purchase or the value of the proceeds received upon a redemption.

In the case of foreign securities, the occurrence of certain events after the close of foreign markets, but prior to the time the Fund’s NAV is calculated (such as a significant surge or decline in the U.S. or other markets) often will result in an adjustment to the trading prices of foreign securities when foreign markets open on the following business day. If such events occur, the Fund will value foreign securities at fair value, taking into account such events, in calculating the NAV. In such cases, use of fair valuation can reduce an investor’s ability to seek to profit by estimating the Fund’s NAV in advance of the time the NAV is calculated. The Adviser anticipates that the Fund’s portfolio holdings will be fair valued only if market quotations for those holdings are considered unreliable.

How to Purchase Shares
The minimum initial investment in the Fund is $2,500 and minimum subsequent investments are $100. The Advisor may, in its sole discretion, waive these minimums for individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) and in certain other circumstances. If your investment is aggregated into an omnibus account established by an investment adviser, broker or other financial intermediary, the account minimums apply to the omnibus account, not to your individual investment. If you choose to purchase or redeem shares directly from the Fund, you will not incur charges on purchases and redemptions. However, if you purchase or redeem shares through a broker-dealer or another intermediary, you may be charged a fee by that intermediary.

If you are purchasing shares through a financial institution, you must follow the procedures established by your institution. Your financial institution is responsible for sending your purchase order and wiring payment to the Fund’s transfer agent. Your financial institution holds the shares in your name and receives all confirmations of purchases and sales. Financial institutions placing orders for themselves or on behalf of their customers should call the Fund toll free at ___________, or follow the instructions below under “Investing by Telephone,” “Purchase by Mail” and “Purchase by Wire.”

Shares of the Fund are purchased at the public offering price, which is the next NAV calculated after your purchase order is received by the Fund, plus any applicable sales charge. If you place an order for Fund shares through a financial institution in accordance with such financial institution’s procedures, and such financial institution then transmits your order to the Fund’s transfer agent in accordance with the transfer agent’s instructions, then your purchase will be processed at the applicable price next calculated after the financial institution receives your order. The financial institution must promise to send to the Fund’s transfer agent immediately available funds in the amount of the purchase price in accordance with the transfer agent’s procedures. If payment is not received within the time specified, the Fund’s transfer agent may rescind the transaction and the financial institution will be held liable for any resulting fees or losses. Financial institutions may set cut-off times for the receipt of orders that are earlier than the Fund’s. For more information about your financial institution’s rules and procedures, you should contact your financial institution directly.

12

All account applications (“Account Application”) to purchase Fund shares are subject to acceptance by the Fund and are not binding until so accepted. The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order if, in its opinion, it is in the Fund’s best interest to do so. For example, a purchase order may be refused if it is so large it would disrupt the management of the Fund. Purchases may also be rejected from persons believed to be “market timers.” A service fee, currently $25, will be deducted from a shareholder’s account for any purchases that do not clear. You will also be responsible for any losses suffered by the Fund as a result. Your order will not be accepted until the completed Account Application is received by the Fund or its transfer agent.

Investing by Telephone. If you have completed the “Telephone Purchase Authorization” section of the Account Application, you may purchase additional shares by telephoning the Fund toll free at ____________. This option allows investors to move money from their bank account to their Fund account upon request. Only bank accounts held at domestic institutions that are Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) members may be used for telephone transactions. The minimum telephone purchase amount is $100. If your order is received prior to 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time, shares will be purchased in your account at the applicable price determined on the day your order is placed.

Purchase by Mail. To purchase the Fund’s shares by mail, simply complete and sign the Account Application and mail it, along with a check made payable to “Leader Short-Term Bond Fund” to:
     
Regular Mail Overnight or Express Mail
Leader Short-Term Bond Fund Leader Short-Term Bond Fund
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
P.O. Box 701 615 East Michigan Street, 3rd Floor
Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701 Milwaukee, WI 53202

The Fund does not consider the U.S. Postal Service or other independent delivery services to be its agents. The Fund will not accept payment in cash or money orders. The Fund also does not accept cashier’s checks in amounts of less than $10,000. To prevent check fraud, the Fund will not accept third party checks, Treasury checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks or starter checks for the purchase of shares.

Purchase by Wire. If you are making your first investment in the Fund, before you wire funds, the Fund’s transfer agent must have a completed Account Application. You can mail or use an overnight service to deliver your Account Application to the Fund’s transfer agent at the above address. Upon receipt of your completed Account Application, the transfer agent will establish an account for you. Once your account has been established, you may instruct your bank to send the wire. Prior to sending the wire, please call the transfer agent at ____________ to advise them of the wire and to ensure proper credit upon receipt. Your bank must include both the name of the Fund and your name so that monies can be correctly applied. Your bank should transmit immediately available funds by wire to:

13

 
Wire to: U.S. Bank, N.A.
ABA Number: 075000022
Credit: U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
Account: 112-952-137
Further Credit: Leader Short-Term Bond Fund
  (Shareholder Name/Account Registration)
  (Shareholder Account Number)
 
Subsequent Investments. You may add to your account at any time by purchasing shares by mail, by telephone or by wire. You must call to notify the Fund at ____________ before wiring. A remittance form, which is attached to your individual account statement, should accompany any investments made through the mail. All purchase requests must include your shareholder account number.

Automatic Investment Plan. For your convenience, the Fund offers an Automatic Investment Plan (“AIP”). Under the AIP, after your initial investment, you may authorize the Fund to withdraw automatically from your personal checking or savings account an amount that you wish to invest, which must be at least $100 on a monthly or quarterly basis. In order to participate in the AIP, your bank must be a member of the ACH network. If you wish to enroll in the AIP, complete the appropriate section in the Account Application. The Fund may terminate or modify this privilege at any time. You may terminate your participation in the AIP at any time by notifying the Fund’s transfer agent five days prior to the effective date. A fee will be charged if your bank does not honor the AIP draft for any reason.

Anti-Money Laundering Program. Please note that the Fund has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the “Program”) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA PATRIOT Act”). In order to ensure compliance with this law, the Account Application asks for, among other things, the following information for all “customers” seeking to open an “account” (as those terms are defined in rules adopted pursuant to the USA PATRIOT Act):
     
Full name;
 
Date of birth (individuals only);
 
Social Security or taxpayer identification number;
 
Permanent street address (P.O. Box is not acceptable); and
 
Accounts opened by entities, such as corporations, companies or trusts will require additional documentation.
 
Please note that if any information listed above is missing, your Account Application will be returned and your account will not be opened. In compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act, the Fund’s transfer agent will verify the information on your application as part of the Program. The Fund reserves the right to request additional clarifying information and may close your account if such clarifying information is not received by the Fund within a reasonable time of the request or if the Fund cannot form a reasonable belief as to the true identity of a customer. If you require additional assistance when completing your application, please contact the Fund’s transfer agent at ____________.
 
How to Redeem Shares
In general, orders to sell or “redeem” shares may be placed either directly with the Fund or with the same financial institution that placed the original purchase order in accordance with the procedures established by that institution. Your financial institution is responsible for sending your order to the Fund’s transfer agent and for crediting your account with the proceeds. You may redeem part or all of the Fund’s shares on any business day that the Fund calculates its NAV. To redeem shares with the Fund, you must contact the Fund either by mail or by phone to place a redemption order. You should request your redemption prior to market close to obtain that day’s closing NAV. Redemption requests received after the close of the NYSE will be treated as though received on the next business day.

14

 
Shareholders who have an IRA or other retirement plan must indicate on their redemption request whether or not to withhold federal income tax. Redemption requests failing to indicate an election not to have tax withheld will generally be subject to 10% withholding.

Payment of Redemption Proceeds. You may redeem your Fund shares at a price equal to the NAV next determined after the Fund’s transfer agent receives your redemption request in good order, less any applicable redemption charges. Your redemption request cannot be processed on days the NYSE is closed. All requests received in good order by the Fund before the close of the regular trading session of the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) will usually be sent on the next business day.
 
A redemption request will be deemed in “good order” if it includes:
 
·  
The shareholder’s name;
 
·  
The name of the Fund;
 
·  
The account number;
 
·  
The share or dollar amount to be redeemed; and
 
·  
Signatures of all shareholders on the account (for written redemption requests, with signature(s) guaranteed if applicable).
 
You may have a check sent to the address of record, proceeds may be wired to your pre-established bank account or funds may be sent via electronic funds transfer through the ACH network using the bank instructions previously established on your account. In all cases, proceeds will be processed within seven calendar days after the Fund receives your redemption request.

Wire Redemption. Wire transfers may be arranged to redeem shares. However, the Fund’s transfer agent charges a fee, currently $15, per wire redemption against your account on dollar specific trades, and from proceeds on complete redemptions and share-specific trades.

Before selling recently purchased shares, please note that if the Fund’s transfer agent has not yet collected payment for the shares you are selling, it may delay sending the proceeds until the payment is collected, which may take up to 12 calendar days from the purchase date. Furthermore, there are certain times when you may be unable to sell Fund shares or receive proceeds. Specifically, the Fund may suspend the right to redeem shares or postpone the date of payment upon redemption for more than three business days: (1) for any period during which the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend or holiday closings) or trading on the NYSE is restricted; (2) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable or it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to fairly determine the value of its net assets; or (3) for such other periods as the SEC may permit for the protection of shareholders.
 
Redemption proceeds will be sent to the address of record. If the redemption proceeds are requested to be sent to an address other than the address of record, or if the address of record has been changed within 15 days of the redemption request, the request must be in writing with your signature guaranteed. The Fund will not be responsible for interest lost on redemption amounts due to lost or misdirected mail.
 
15


The Fund’s transfer agent may require a signature guarantee for certain redemption requests such as redemption requests made payable to a name that is different than on the account statement or an address not on record with the Fund. A signature guarantee assures that your signature is genuine and protects you from unauthorized account redemptions. Signature guarantees can be obtained from banks and securities dealers, but not from a notary public. A signature guarantee of each owner is required in the following situations:

·  
If ownership is changed on your account;
 
·  
When redemption proceeds are sent to a different address than that registered on the account;
 
·  
If the proceeds are to be made payable to someone other than the account’s owner(s);
 
·  
Any redemption transmitted by federal wire transfer to a bank other than the bank of record;
 
·  
If a change of address request has been received by the Fund’s transfer agent within the last 15 days;
 
·  
For all written redemptions in excess of $100,000 from any shareholder account;
 
·  
When adding the telephone redemption option to an existing account; and
 
·  
When changing any pre-established bank information, including AIP banks.
 
Redemption by Mail. You can execute most redemptions by furnishing an unconditional written request to the Fund to redeem your shares at the current NAV. Redemption requests in writing should be sent to the Fund’s transfer agent at:

Regular Mail Overnight or Express Mail
Leader Short-Term Bond Fund Leader Short-Term Bond Fund
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
P.O. Box 701 615 East Michigan Street, 3rd Floor
Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701 Milwaukee, WI 53202

Telephone Redemption. If you have been authorized to perform telephone transactions (either by completing the required portion of your Account Application or by subsequent arrangement in writing with the Fund), you may redeem shares, up to $100,000, by instructing the Fund by phone at ____________. A signature guarantee is required of all shareholders in order to qualify for or to change telephone redemption privileges on an existing account. Telephone redemptions cannot be made if you notify the Fund’s transfer agent of a change of address within 15 days before the redemption request. If you have a retirement account, you may not redeem shares by telephone.

Note: Neither the Fund nor any of its service providers will be liable for any loss or expense in acting upon instructions that are reasonably believed to be genuine. To confirm that all telephone instructions are genuine, the Fund will use reasonable procedures, such as requesting:

·  
That you correctly state your Fund account number;
 
·  
The name in which your account is registered; or
 
·  
The Social Security or taxpayer identification number under which the account is registered.
 
Systematic Withdrawal Program. The Fund offers a systematic withdrawal plan (the “SWP”) whereby shareholders or their representatives may request a redemption in a predetermined amount each month or calendar quarter. Proceeds can be sent via check to the address on the account or proceeds can be sent by electronic funds transfer via the ACH network to a designated bank account. To start this program, your account must have Fund shares with a value of at least $10,000, and the minimum amount that may be withdrawn each month or quarter is $100. This program may be terminated or modified by a shareholder or the Fund at any time without charge or penalty. A withdrawal under the SWP involves a redemption of Fund shares, and may result in a gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. In addition, if the amount withdrawn exceeds the distributions credited to your account, the account ultimately may be depleted. To establish the SWP, complete the SWP section of the Account Application. Please call ____________ for additional information regarding the SWP.

16

The Fund’s Right to Redeem an Account. The Fund reserves the right to redeem the shares of any shareholder whose account balance is less than $2,500, other than as a result of a decline in the NAV of the Fund or for market reasons. The Fund will provide shareholders with written notice 30 days prior to redeeming the shareholder’s account.

Redemption-in-Kind. The Fund generally pays redemption proceeds in cash. However, under unusual conditions that make the payment of cash unwise (and for the protection of the Fund’s remaining shareholders), the Fund might pay all or part of a shareholder’s redemption proceeds in liquid securities with a market value equal to the redemption price (redemption-in-kind).

Specifically, if the amount you are redeeming during any 90-day period is in excess of the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of the Fund, valued at the beginning of such period, the Fund has the right to redeem your shares by giving you the amount that exceeds $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of the Fund in securities instead of cash. If the Fund pays your redemption proceeds by a distribution of securities, you could incur brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash, and will bear any market risks associated with such securities until they are converted into cash.
 
Tools to Combat Frequent Transactions
The Fund discourages market timing. Market timing is an investment strategy using frequent purchases, redemptions and/or exchanges in an attempt to profit from short-term market movements. Market timing may result in dilution of the value of Fund shares held by long term shareholders, disrupt portfolio management and increase Fund expenses for all shareholders. The Board of Trustees has adopted polices and procedures that are designed to discourage excessive, short-term trading and other abusive trading practices that may disrupt portfolio management strategies and harm performance. The Fund takes steps to reduce the frequency and effect of these activities in the Fund. These steps may include, among other things, monitoring trading activity and using fair value pricing, as determined by the Board of Trustees, when the Advisor determines current market prices are not readily available. Although these efforts are designed to discourage abusive trading practices, these tools cannot eliminate the possibility that such activity will occur. The Fund seeks to exercise its judgment in implementing these tools to the best of its abilities in a manner that it believes is consistent with shareholder interests. This policy generally applies to all Fund shareholders.

The Fund uses a variety of techniques to monitor for and detect abusive trading practices. These techniques may change from time to time as determined by the Fund in its sole discretion. To minimize harm to the Fund and its shareholders, the Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order (but not a redemption request) in whole or in part, for any reason (including, without limitation, purchases by persons whose trading activity in Fund shares is believed by the Advisor to be harmful to the Fund) and without prior notice. The Fund may decide to restrict purchase and sale activity in its shares based on various factors, including whether frequent purchase and sale activity will disrupt portfolio management strategies and adversely affect Fund performance.

While the Fund attempts to deter market timing, there is no assurance that the Fund will be able to identify and eliminate all market timers. For example, certain accounts called “omnibus accounts” include multiple customers and typically provide the Fund with a net purchase or redemption request on any given day where purchasers and redeemers of Fund shares are netted against one another and the identities of individual purchasers and redeemers whose orders are aggregated are not known by the Fund. The Fund has not entered into any arrangements with any person to permit frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares.

17


Other Fund Policies
If you elect telephone privileges on the Account Application or in a letter to the Fund, you may be responsible for any fraudulent telephone orders as long as the Fund has taken reasonable precautions to verify your identity. In addition, once you place a telephone transaction request, it cannot be canceled or modified. The Fund may limit the amount of purchases and refuse to sell shares to any person. If your check or wire does not clear, you will be responsible for any loss incurred by the Fund. You may be prohibited or restricted from making future purchases in the Fund. The Fund and its transfer agent may refuse any purchase order for any reason.

During periods of significant economic or market change, telephone transactions may be difficult to complete. If you are unable to contact the Fund by telephone, you may also mail the requests to the Fund at the address listed previously in the “How to Purchase Shares” section.

Your broker-dealer or other financial institution may establish policies that differ from those of the Fund. For example, the institution may charge transaction fees, set higher minimum investments or impose certain limitations on buying or selling shares in addition to those identified in this Prospectus. The Fund has authorized certain broker-dealers and other financial institutions (including their designated intermediaries) to accept on its behalf purchase and sell orders. The Fund is deemed to have received an order when the authorized person or designee accepts the order, and the order is processed at the NAV next calculated thereafter. It is the responsibility of the broker-dealer or other financial institution to transmit orders promptly to the Fund’s transfer agent. Please contact your broker-dealer or financial institution directly to determine whether it has been authorized to accept purchase and sell orders on behalf of the Fund. Shares of the Fund have not been registered for sale outside of the United States.

Tax Sheltered Retirement Plans

Since the Fund is oriented to longer term investments, the Fund may be an appropriate investment medium for tax-sheltered retirement plans, including: IRAs, simplified employee pensions (“SEPs”), 401(k) plans, qualified corporate pension and profit-sharing plans (for employees), tax-deferred investment plans (for employees of public school systems and certain types of charitable organizations) and other qualified retirement plans. You should contact the Fund’s transfer agent for the procedure to open an IRA or SEP plan, as well as more specific information regarding these retirement plan options. Please consult with an attorney or tax advisor regarding these plans. You must pay custodial fees for your IRA by redemption of sufficient shares of the Fund from the IRA unless you pay the fees directly to the IRA custodian. Call the Fund’s transfer agent about the IRA custodial fees.
 
12b-1 Fees
The Fund has adopted a Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 (the “Plan”) under the 1940 Act. Under the Plan, the Fund is authorized to pay the Fund’s distributor a fee for the sale and distribution of the Fund’s shares and services it provides to shareholders. The maximum amount of the fee authorized is 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets annually. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an on-going basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment in Fund shares and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.

18

In addition, the Fund may pay service fees to intermediaries such as banks, broker-dealers, financial advisers or other financial institutions, including affiliates of the Advisor, for sub-administration, sub-transfer agency and other shareholder services associated with shareholders whose shares are held of record in omnibus, other group accounts or accounts traded through registered securities clearing agents.

The Advisor, out of its own resources, and without additional cost to the Fund or its shareholders, may provide additional cash payments or non-cash compensation to intermediaries who sell shares of the Fund. Such payments and compensation are in addition to service fees paid by the Fund, if any. These additional cash payments are generally made to intermediaries that provide shareholder servicing, marketing support and/or access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the intermediary. Cash compensation may also be paid to intermediaries for inclusion of the Fund on a sales list, including a preferred or select sales list, in other sales programs or as an expense reimbursement in cases where the intermediary provides shareholder services to the Fund’s shareholders. The Advisor may also pay cash compensation in the form of finder’s fees that vary depending on the dollar amount of the shares sold.

Distributions and Taxes 
 
Distributions
The Fund will make distributions of net investment income and capital gains, if any, at least annually, typically in December. The Fund may make additional distributions if it deems it desirable at another time during any year.

All distributions will be reinvested in Fund shares unless you choose one of the following options: (1) receive distributions of net investment income in cash, while reinvesting capital gain distributions in additional Fund shares; or (2) receive all distributions in cash. If you wish to change your distribution option, write to the Fund’s transfer agent in advance of the payment date of the distribution; however, any such change will be effective only as to distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the Fund’s transfer agent has received the written request.

If you elect to receive distributions in cash and the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver your check, or if a check remains uncashed for six months, the Fund reserves the right to reinvest the distribution check in your account at the Fund’s then current NAV and to reinvest all subsequent distributions.
 
Tax Consequences
Distributions of the Fund’s net investment income (which include interest, dividends, net short-term capital gains and net gains from foreign currency transactions), if any, are generally taxable to the Fund’s shareholders as ordinary income. To the extent that the Fund’s distributions consist of “qualified dividend” income, such income may be subject to tax at the reduced rate of tax applicable to non-corporate shareholders or net long-term capital gains, if certain holding period requirements have been satisfied by the Fund and the shareholder.

Distributions of net capital gains (net long-term capital gains less net short-term capital losses) are generally taxable as long-term capital gains regardless of the length of time a shareholder has owned Fund shares.

You will be taxed in the same manner whether you receive your distributions (whether of net investment income or capital gains) in cash or reinvest them in additional Fund shares.

Shareholders that sell, exchange or redeem shares generally will have a capital gain or loss from the sale, exchange or redemption. The amount of the gain or loss and the applicable rate of tax will depend generally upon the amount paid for the shares, the amount received from the sale, exchange or redemption and how long the shares were held by a shareholder.

19

Shareholders will be advised annually as to the federal tax status of all distributions made by the Fund for the preceding year. Distributions by the Fund may also be subject to state and local taxes. Additional tax information may be found in the SAI. Because everyone’s tax situation is unique, any person reviewing this discussion should seek advice based on such person’s particular circumstances from an independent tax advisor.

 
Financial Highlights
Because the Fund has recently commenced operations, there are no financial highlights available at this time.

20

 
PRIVACY NOTICE
 
The Fund collects non-public personal information about you from the following sources:

·  
Information we receive about you on applications or other forms;
·  
Information you give us orally; and/or
·  
Information about your transactions with us or others.

We do not disclose any non-public personal information about our shareholders or former shareholders without the shareholder’s authorization, except as permitted by law or in response to inquiries from governmental authorities. We may share information with affiliated parties and unaffiliated third parties with whom we have contracts for servicing the Fund. We will provide unaffiliated third parties with only the information necessary to carry out their assigned responsibility. All shareholder records will be disposed of in accordance with applicable law. We maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards to protect your non-public personal information and require third parties to treat your non-public personal information with the same high degree of confidentiality.

In the event that you hold shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary, including, but not limited to, a broker-dealer, bank or trust company, the privacy policy of your financial intermediary would govern how your non-public personal information would be shared with unaffiliated third parties.




















This page is not a part of the Prospectus





 

Investment Advisor
Leader Capital Corp.
121 SW Morrison St., Suite 425
Portland, OR 97204


Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Deloitte & Touche LLP
555 East Wells Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202


Legal Counsel
Godfrey & Kahn, S.C.
780 North Water Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202


Custodian
U.S. Bank, National Association
Custody Operations
1555 N. RiverCenter Drive, Suite 302
Milwaukee, WI 53212


Transfer Agent, Fund Accountant and Fund Administrator
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202


Distributor
Quasar Distributors, LLC
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202




Leader Short-Term Bond Fund

Symbol: LCCMX
 
a series of Trust for Professional Managers

 
FOR MORE INFORMATION
 
 You can find more information about the Fund in the following documents:

Statement of Additional Information
The SAI of the Fund provides additional details about the investments and techniques of the Fund and certain other additional information. A current SAI is on file with the SEC and is incorporated into this Prospectus by reference. This means that the SAI is legally considered a part of this Prospectus even though it is not physically within this Prospectus.

Annual and Semi-Annual Reports
The Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports provide the most recent financial reports and portfolio listings. Once available, the annual report will contain a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that affected the Fund’s performance during the Fund’s last fiscal year.

You can obtain a free copy of these documents, request other information or make general inquiries about the Fund by calling the Fund (toll-free) at ____________, by accessing the Fund’s website at www.leadercapital.com or by writing to:

Leader Short-Term Bond Fund
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
P.O. Box 701
Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701

You can review and copy information, including the Fund’s reports and SAI, at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. You can obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling (202) 551-8090. Reports and other information about the Fund are also available:

·  
Free of charge from the SEC’s EDGAR database on the SEC’s Internet website at http://www.sec.gov;
·  
For a fee, by writing to the Public Reference Room of the SEC, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102; or
·  
For a fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.


 
 

 (The Trust’s SEC Investment Company Act file number is 811-10401)
 

 

Subject to Completion September 12, 2006
 
The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission becomes effective. This Statement of Additional Information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.









Statement of Additional Information
 
Dated: ________________, 2006




Leader Short-Term Bond Fund



This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) provides general information about the Leader Short-Term Bond Fund (the “Fund”), a series of Trust for Professional Managers (the “Trust”). This SAI is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Fund’s current prospectus dated _________, 2006 (the “Prospectus”), as supplemented and amended from time to time, which is incorporated herein by reference. To obtain a copy of the Prospectus, please write or call the Fund at the address or telephone number below:

Leader Short-Term Bond Fund
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
P.O. Box 701
Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701
___________

 

 
 

 
---------------------------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
---------------------------------
 
 
THE TRUST
 3
   
INVESTMENT POLICIES, STRATEGIES AND ASSOCIATED RISKS
 3
   
FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
 35
   
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
 37
   
Board of Trustees
 37
Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares
 39
Control Persons and Principal Shareholders
 39
Board Committees
 39
Trustee Compensation
 40
Investment Advisor
 40
Portfolio Manager
 41
Service Providers
 42
   
LEGAL COUNSEL
42 
   
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
42 
   
DISTRIBUTION OF FUND SHARES
43 
   
12b-1 DISTRIBUTION PLAN
43 
   
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
44 
   
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
46 
   
CODE OF ETHICS
46 
   
PROXY VOTING PROCEDURES
46 
   
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE PROGRAM
46 
   
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
47 
   
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
48 
   
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF FUND SHARES
49 
   
SALES CHARGE REDUCTIONS AND WAIVERS
 50
 
 
TAX MATTERS
51
   
DISTRIBUTIONS
 53
   
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
53 
   
APPENDIX A -- PROXY VOTING POLICIES
55 
   
APPENDIX B -- DESCRIPTION OF BOND RATINGS
 56
 
 
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The Trust
The Trust is an open-end management investment company, or mutual fund, organized as a Delaware statutory trust on May 29, 2001. The Fund is one series, or mutual fund, formed by the Trust. The Fund is the successor to the Leader Short-Term Bond Fund, a series of Unified Series Trust (the “Predecessor Fund”), pursuant to a reorganization that took place on __________, 2006. Prior to that date, the Fund had no investment operations. Accordingly, the performance information and financial information provided in the Prospectus and this SAI for periods prior to __________, 2006, is historical information of the Predecessor Fund. The Predecessor Fund had the same investment objectives and strategies as the Fund and substantially the same investment policies as the Fund. The Fund is a diversified series and has its own investment objective and policies. As of the date of this SAI, shares of six other series of the Trust are offered in separate prospectuses and statements of additional information. The Trust may start additional series and offer shares of a new fund under the Trust at any time. On October 28, 2004, the Trust changed its name to “Trust for Professional Managers.” Before that time, the Trust was known as “Zodiac Trust.”

The Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of interests (or shares). Interests in the Fund are represented by shares of beneficial interest each with a par value of $0.001. Each series of the Trust has equal voting rights and liquidation rights, and are voted in the aggregate and not by the series except in matters where a separate vote is required by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), or when the matters affect only the interest of a particular series. When matters are submitted to shareholders for a vote, each shareholder is entitled to one vote for each full share owned and fractional votes for fractional shares owned. The Trust does not normally hold annual meetings of shareholders. The Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board of Trustees”) shall promptly call and give notice of a meeting of shareholders for the purpose of voting upon removal of any trustee when requested to do so in writing by shareholders holding 10% or more of the Trust’s outstanding shares.

Each share of the Fund represents an equal proportionate interest in the assets and liabilities belonging to the Fund and is entitled to such distributions out of the income belonging to the Fund as are declared by the Board of Trustees. The Board of Trustees has the authority from time to time to divide or combine the shares of any series into a greater or lesser number of shares of that series so long as the proportionate beneficial interests in the assets belonging to that series and the rights of shares of any other series are in no way affected. Additionally, in case of any liquidation of a series, the holders of shares of the series being liquidated are entitled to receive a distribution out of the assets, net of the liabilities, belonging to that series. Expenses attributable to any series are borne by that series. Any general expenses of the Trust not readily identifiable as belonging to a particular series are allocated by, or under the direction of, the trustees on the basis of relative net assets or number of shareholders. No shareholder is liable to further calls or to assessment by the Trust without his or her express consent.

The assets of the Fund received for the issue or sale of its shares, and all income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors, shall constitute the underlying assets of the Fund. In the event of the dissolution or liquidation of the Fund, the holders of shares of the Fund are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders.

Investment Policies, Strategies and Associated Risks
The primary investment objective of the Fund is to deliver a high level of current income, with a secondary objective of capital appreciation. The Fund is diversified. Under applicable federal laws, the diversification of a mutual fund’s holdings is measured at the time the Fund purchases a security. However, if the Fund purchases a security and holds it for a period of time, the security may become a larger percentage of the Fund’s total assets due to movements in the financial markets. If the market affects several securities held by the Fund, the Fund may have a greater percentage of its assets invested in securities of fewer issuers. Then the Fund is subject to the risk that its performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few securities despite the Fund qualifying as a diversified fund under applicable federal laws.

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There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives. The following discussion supplements the description of the Fund’s investment objectives and principal investment strategies set forth in the Prospectus. Except for the fundamental investment limitations listed below (see “Fundamental Investment Limitations”), the Fund’s investment strategies and policies are not fundamental and may be changed by sole action of the Board of Trustees, without shareholder approval. While the Fund is permitted to hold securities and engage in various strategies as described hereafter, it is not obligated to do so. However, under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in fixed income securities as described in the Prospectus. This policy may not be changed without at least 60 days’ advance notice to shareholders in writing.

Whenever an investment policy or limitation states a maximum percentage of the Fund’s assets that may be invested in any security, or other asset, or sets forth a policy regarding quality standards, such standard or percentage limitation will be determined immediately after and as a result of the Fund’s acquisition of such security or other asset. Accordingly, any subsequent change in values, net assets or other circumstances will not be considered when determining whether an investment complies with the Fund’s investment policies and limitations. In addition, if a bankruptcy or other extraordinary event occurs concerning a particular investment by the Fund, the Fund may receive stock, real estate or other investments that the Fund would not, or could not, buy. If this happens, the Fund intends to sell such investments as soon as practicable while trying to maximize the return to Fund shareholders. Please note, however, that the guidance referenced in the first two sentences of this paragraph does not apply to the Fund’s investments in illiquid securities or the Fund’s borrowing of money.

The following section contains additional information regarding some of the investments the Fund may make and some of the techniques it may use.

A. Asset-Backed Debt Obligations. Asset-backed debt obligations represent direct or indirect participation in, or are secured by and payable from, assets such as motor vehicle installment sales contracts, other installment loan contracts, home equity loans, leases of various types of property and receivables from credit card or other revolving credit arrangements. The credit quality of most asset-backed securities depends primarily on the credit quality of the assets underlying such securities, how well the entity issuing the security is insulated from the credit risk and bankruptcy of the originator or any other affiliated entities and the amount and quality of any credit enhancement of the securities. Payments or distributions of principal and interest on asset-backed debt obligations may be supported by non-governmental credit enhancements including letters of credit, reserve funds, over-collateralization and guarantees by third parties. The market for privately issued asset-backed debt obligations is smaller and less liquid than the market for government sponsored mortgage-backed securities.

The rate of principal payment on asset-backed securities generally depends on the rate of principal payments received on the underlying assets, which in turn may be affected by a variety of economic and other factors. As a result, the yield on any asset-backed security is difficult to predict with precision and actual yield to maturity may be more or less than the anticipated yield to maturity. The yield characteristics of asset-backed debt obligations differ from those of traditional debt obligations. Among the principal differences are that interest and principal payments are made more frequently on asset-backed debt obligations, usually monthly, and that principal may be prepaid at any time because the underlying assets generally may be prepaid at any time. As a result, if these debt obligations are purchased at a premium, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite effect of increasing the yield to maturity. Conversely, if these debt obligations are purchased at a discount, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will increase yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will reduce yield to maturity. Accelerated prepayments on debt obligations purchased at a premium also impose a risk of loss of principal because the premium may not have been fully amortized at the time the principal is prepaid in full.

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While asset-backed securities may be issued with only one class of security, many asset-backed securities are issued in more than one class, each with different payment terms. Multiple class asset-backed securities are issued for two main reasons. First, multiple classes may be used as a method of providing selective credit support. This is accomplished typically through creation of one or more classes whose right to payments on the asset-backed security is made subordinate to the right to such payments of the remaining class or classes. Second, multiple classes may permit the issuance of securities with payment terms, interest rates or other characteristics differing both from those of each other and from those of the underlying assets. Examples include separate trading of registered interest and principal of securities (“STRIPS”) (asset-backed securities entitling the holder to disproportionate interests with respect to the allocation of interest and principal of the assets backing the security), and securities with class or classes having characteristics that mimic the characteristics of non-asset-backed securities, such as floating interest rates (i.e., interest rates that adjust as a specified benchmark changes) or scheduled amortization of principal.

Asset-backed securities backed by assets, other than as described above, or in which the payment streams on the underlying assets are allocated in a manner different than those described above may be issued in the future. The Fund may invest in such asset-backed securities if such investment is otherwise consistent with its investment objectives and policies and with the investment restrictions of the Fund.

B. Auction Rate Securities. Auction Rate Securities (“ARS”) are long-term, variable-rate bonds tied to short-term interest rates. ARS have a long-term nominal maturity with interest rates reset through a modified Dutch auction, at pre-determined short-term intervals, usually, 7, 28 or 35 days. ARS trade at par and are “callable” (the issuer can require the bondholder to sell the bond back to the issuer) at par on any interest payment date. Common issuers of ARS include municipalities, non-profit hospitals, utilities, housing finance agencies, student loan finance authorities and universities. Credit risk associated with ARS is similar to the default risk associated with other municipal and corporate bond issuers. Bond insurance is usually used to lower the credit risk of ARS. Although very infrequent, and almost always due to a dramatic decline in the credit quality of the issuers, ARS would be subject to liquidity risk if the auction process used to reset the interest rates failed because there were more orders to sell the ARS than bids to purchase the ARS. If an auction process failed, existing holders of ARS would have to continue to hold their ARS until there were a sufficient number of bids to purchase the ARS at the next auction to calculate the interest rate reset.

C.  Cash Management. The Fund may invest directly in cash, ARS and other short-term fixed-income securities. All money market instruments can change in value when interest rates or an issuer’s creditworthiness change dramatically.

D. Commercial Paper. Commercial paper is a debt obligation usually issued by corporations (including foreign corporations) and may be unsecured or secured by letters of credit or a surety bond. Commercial paper is usually repaid at maturity by the issuer from the proceeds of the issuance of new commercial paper. As a result, investment in commercial paper is subject to the risk the issuer cannot issue enough new commercial paper to satisfy its outstanding commercial paper, also known as rollover risk. Commercial paper may be deemed a restricted security, thereby causing it to be illiquid or reducing its liquidity in certain circumstances.

B-5

Asset-backed commercial paper is a form of commercial paper generally issued by a corporate-sponsored special purpose entity to which the corporation has contributed cash-flowing receivables like credit card receivables, auto and equipment leases and other receivables. Investment in asset-backed commercial paper is subject to the risk that insufficient proceeds from the projected cash flows of the contributed receivables are available to repay the commercial paper at maturity.

E. Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive interest normally paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Convertible securities have unique investment characteristics in that they generally (1) have higher yields than common stocks, but lower yields than comparable non-convertible securities, (2) are less subject to fluctuation in value than the underlying stock since they have fixed income characteristics and (3) provide the potential for capital appreciation if the market price of the underlying common stock increases. Most convertible securities currently are issued by U.S. companies, although a substantial Eurodollar convertible securities market has developed, and the markets for convertible securities denominated in local currencies are increasing.

The value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” (determined by its yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and its “conversion value” (the security’s worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible security is governed principally by its investment value. Generally, the conversion value decreases as the convertible security approaches maturity. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding a fixed income security.

A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party.

F. Debt Obligations. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in debt obligations. Issuers of debt obligations have a contractual obligation to pay interest at a specified rate on specified dates and to repay principal on a specified maturity date. Certain debt obligations (usually intermediate- and long-term bonds) have provisions that allow the issuer to redeem or “call” a bond before its maturity. Issuers are most likely to call such securities during periods of falling interest rates and the Fund may have to replace such securities with lower yielding securities, which could result in a lower return for the Fund. Risks of investing in debt obligations may include the following:

B-6

PRICE VOLATILITY. The market value of debt obligations is affected primarily by changes in prevailing interest rates. The market value of a debt obligation generally reacts inversely to interest-rate changes, which means that, when prevailing interest rates decline, an obligation’s price usually rises, and when prevailing interest rates rise, an obligation’s price usually declines.

MATURITY. In general, the longer the maturity of a debt obligation, the higher its yield is, but the greater its sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Conversely, the shorter the maturity is, the lower the yield, but the lesser its sensitivity to changes in the interest rates, and the greater the price stability. Commercial paper is generally considered the shortest maturity form of debt obligation.

CREDIT QUALITY. The value of debt obligations may also be affected by changes in the credit rating or financial condition of their issuers and obligors. Generally, the lower the quality rating of a security, the higher the degree of risk as to the payment of interest and return of principal. To compensate investors for taking on such increased risk, those issuers deemed to be less creditworthy generally must offer their investors higher interest rates than do issuers with better credit ratings.

In conducting its credit research and analysis, the Advisor considers both qualitative and quantitative factors to evaluate the creditworthiness of individual issuers. The Advisor also relies, in part, on credit ratings compiled by a number of Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”).

DURATION. Duration was developed as a more precise alternative to the concept of “maturity” for a debt security or portfolio of debt securities. Traditionally, a debt security’s maturity has been used as a proxy for the sensitivity of the debt security’s price to changes in interest rates (which is the “interest rate risk” or “volatility” of the security). However, maturity measures only the time until a debt security provides its final payment, taking no account of the expected timing of the security’s principal and interest payments prior to maturity. In contrast, duration incorporates a bond’s yield, coupon interest payments, final maturity and call features into one measure. Duration management is one of the fundamental tools used by the Advisor.

Duration is a measure of the expected life of a debt obligation on a present value basis. Duration takes the length of the time intervals between the present time and the time that the interest and principal payments are scheduled or, in the case of a callable bond, the time the principal payments are expected to be received, and weights them by the present values of the cash to be received at each future point in time. For any debt obligation with interest payments occurring prior to the payment of principal, duration is always less than maturity. In general, all other things being equal, the lower the stated or coupon rate of interest of a fixed income security, the longer the duration of the security; conversely, the higher the stated or coupon rate of interest of a fixed income security, the shorter the duration of the security.

Futures, options and options on futures have durations that, in general, are closely related to the duration of the debt securities that underlie them. Holding long futures or call option positions will lengthen the duration of the Fund’s portfolio by approximately the same amount of time that holding an equivalent amount of the underlying debt securities would.

Short futures or put option positions have durations roughly equal to the negative duration of the debt securities that underlie these positions, and have the effect of reducing portfolio duration by approximately the same amount of time that selling an equivalent amount of the underlying debt securities would.

B-7

There are some situations where even the standard duration calculation does not completely reflect the interest rate exposure or projected cash flows of a debt security. For example, floating- and variable-rate securities often have final maturities of ten or more years; however, their interest rate exposure and duration correspond to the frequency of the coupon reset. Another example where the interest rate exposure is not properly captured by duration is mortgage pass-through securities. The stated final maturity of such securities is generally 30 years, but current prepayment rates are more critical in determining the securities’ interest rate exposure. Finally, the duration of a debt obligation may vary over time in response to changes in interest rates and other market factors.

G. Depositary Receipts. The Fund may invest in foreign securities by purchasing depositary receipts, including American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), or other securities convertible into securities of foreign issuers. These securities may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted. Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are denominated in U.S. dollars and are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, while EDRs, in bearer form, may be denominated in other currencies and are designed for use in the European securities markets. ADRs are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership of the underlying securities. EDRs are European receipts evidencing a similar arrangement. For purposes of the Fund’s investment policies, ADRs and EDRs are deemed to have the same classification as the underlying securities they represent, except that ADRs and EDRs shall be treated as indirect foreign investments. For example, an ADR or EDR representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock. Depositary receipts do not eliminate all of the risks associated with directly investing in the securities of foreign issuers.

ADR facilities may be established as either “unsponsored” or “sponsored.” While ADRs issued under these two types of facilities are in some respects similar, there are distinctions between them relating to the rights and obligations of ADR holders and the practices of market participants.

A depositary may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by (or even necessarily the permission of) the issuer of the deposited securities, although typically the depositary requests a letter of non-objection from such issuer prior to the establishment of the facility. Holders of unsponsored ADRs generally bear all the costs of such facility. The depositary usually charges fees upon the deposit and withdrawal of the deposited securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars, the disposition of non-cash distributions and the performance of other services. The depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to pass through voting rights to ADR holders in respect of the deposited securities. In addition, an unsponsored facility is generally not obligated to distribute communications received from the issuer of the deposited securities or to disclose material information about such issuer in the U.S. and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the depositary receipts.

Sponsored ADR facilities are created in generally the same manner as unsponsored facilities, except that the issuer of the deposited securities enters into a deposit agreement with the depositary. The deposit agreement sets out the rights and responsibilities of the issuer, the depositary and the ADR holders. With sponsored facilities, the issuer of the deposited securities generally will bear some of the costs relating to the facility (such as dividend payment fees of the depositary), although ADR holders continue to bear certain other costs (such as deposit and withdrawal fees). Under the terms of most sponsored arrangements, depositaries agree to distribute notices of shareholder meetings and voting instructions, and to provide shareholder communications and other information to the ADR holders at the request of the issuer of the deposited securities.

B-8

H. Derivative Instruments.

IN GENERAL. The Fund may use derivative instruments for any lawful purpose consistent with its investment objectives such as for hedging, managing risk or obtaining market exposure. Derivative instruments are commonly defined to include securities or contracts whose values depend on (or “derive” from) the value of one or more other assets, such as securities, currencies, commodities (commonly referred to as “underlying assets”) or indices.

A derivative instrument generally consists of, is based upon or exhibits characteristics similar to options or forward contracts. Options and forward contracts are considered to be the basic “building blocks” of derivatives. For example, forward-based derivatives include forward contracts and swap contracts, as well as exchange-traded futures. Option-based derivatives include privately negotiated, over-the-counter (“OTC”) options (including options on forward and cap, floor and collar swap contracts) and exchange-traded options on futures. Diverse types of derivatives may be created by combining options or forward contracts in different ways, and by applying these structures to a wide range of underlying assets.

An option is a contract in which the “holder” (the buyer) pays a certain amount (“premium”) to the “writer” (the seller) to obtain the right, but not the obligation, to buy from the writer (in a “call”) or sell to the writer (in a “put”) a specific asset at an agreed upon price at or before a certain time. The holder pays the premium at inception and has no further financial obligation. The holder of an option-based derivative generally will benefit from favorable movements in the price of the underlying asset but is not exposed to corresponding losses due to adverse movements in the value of the underlying asset. The writer of an option-based derivative usually will receive fees or premiums, but generally is exposed to losses due to adverse changes in the value of the underlying asset or index.

A forward is a sales contract between a buyer (holding the “long” position) and a seller (holding the “short” position) for an asset with delivery deferred until a future date. The buyer agrees to pay a fixed price at the agreed future date and the seller agrees to deliver the asset. The seller hopes that the market price on the delivery date is less than the agreed upon price, while the buyer hopes for the contrary. The change in market value of a forward-based derivative generally is roughly proportional to the change in value of the underlying asset.

HEDGING. The Fund may use derivative instruments to protect against possible adverse changes in the market value of securities held in, or anticipated to be held in, its portfolio. Derivatives may also be used to “lock-in” realized but unrecognized gains in the value of its portfolio securities. Hedging strategies, if successful, can reduce the risk of loss by wholly or partially offsetting the negative effect of unfavorable price movements in the investments being hedged. However, hedging strategies can also reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements in the hedged investments. To the extent that a hedge matures prior to or after the disposition of the investment subject to the hedge, any gain or loss on the hedge will be realized earlier or later than any offsetting gain or loss on the hedged investment.

MANAGING RISK/MARKET EXPOSURE. The Fund may also use derivative instruments to manage the risks of its portfolio. Risk management strategies include, but are not limited to, facilitating the sale of portfolio securities, managing the effective maturity or duration of debt obligations in its portfolio, or establishing a position in the derivatives markets as a substitute for buying, selling, holding certain securities or creating or altering exposure to certain asset classes, such as equity, debt, foreign securities and floating-rate debt securities. The use of derivative instruments may provide a less expensive, more expedient or more specifically focused way to invest than “traditional” securities (i.e., stocks or bonds) would.

B-9

EXCHANGE-TRADED AND OTC DERIVATIVES. Derivative instruments may be exchange-traded or traded in OTC transactions between private parties. Exchange-traded derivatives are standardized options and futures contracts traded in an auction on the floor of a regulated exchange. Exchange contracts are generally very liquid. The exchange clearinghouse is the counterparty of every contract. Thus, each holder of an exchange contract bears the credit risk of the clearinghouse (and has the benefit of its financial strength) rather than that of a particular counterparty. On the other hand, OTC derivative transactions are not traded on established exchanges and are not guaranteed by the creditworthiness of any exchange. Consequently, OTC derivative transactions are subject to additional risks, such as the credit risk of the counterparty to the instrument. OTC derivative transactions are less liquid than exchange-traded derivatives since they often can only be closed out with the other party to the transaction.

RISKS. The use of derivative instruments involves risks as described below. Risks pertaining to particular derivative instruments are described in the sections that follow.

(1) MARKET RISK. The primary risk of derivatives is the same as the risk of the underlying assets, namely that the value of the underlying asset may go up or down. Adverse movements in the value of an underlying asset can expose the Fund to losses. Derivative instruments may include elements of leverage and, accordingly, the fluctuation of the value of the derivative instrument in relation to the underlying asset may be magnified. The successful use of derivative instruments depends upon a variety of factors, particularly the ability of the Advisor to predict movements of the securities, currencies and commodity markets, which requires different skills than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. There can be no assurance that any particular strategy adopted will succeed. The Advisor’s decision to engage in a derivative transaction will reflect its judgment that the derivative transaction will provide value to the Fund and its shareholders, and is consistent with the Fund’s objectives, investment limitations and operating policies. In making such a judgment, the Advisor will analyze the benefits and risks of the derivative transaction and weigh them in the context of the Fund’s entire portfolio and investment objectives.

(2) CREDIT RISK. The Fund will be subject to the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the failure of a counter-party to comply with the terms of a derivative instrument. The counterparty risk for exchange-traded derivative instruments is generally less than for privately negotiated or OTC derivative instruments, since generally a clearing agency, (which is the issuer or counterparty to each exchange-traded instrument), provides a guarantee of performance for exchange-traded derivatives. For privately negotiated instruments, there is no similar clearing agency guarantee. In all transactions, the Fund will bear the risk that the counterparty will default, and this could result in a loss of the expected benefit of the derivative transaction and possibly other losses. The Fund will enter into transactions in derivative instruments only with counterparties that the Advisor reasonably believes are capable of performing under the contract. In certain circumstances, the Advisor will obtain collateral for the Fund from the counterparty to minimize this credit risk.

(3) CORRELATION RISK. Correlation risk is the risk that there might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements of an instrument and price movements of investments being hedged. For example, if the value of a derivative instrument used in a short hedge (such as writing a call option, buying a put option or selling a futures contract) increased by less than the decline in value of the hedged investments, the hedge would not be perfectly correlated. With a perfect hedge, the value of the combined position remains unchanged for any change in the price of the underlying asset. With an imperfect hedge, the values of the derivative instrument and the associated hedge are not perfectly correlated. When a derivative transaction is used to completely hedge another position, changes in the market value of the combined position (the derivative instrument plus the position being hedged) result from an imperfect correlation between the price movements of the instruments and the position hedged. Such a lack of correlation might occur due to factors unrelated to the value of the investments being hedged, such as speculative or other pressures on the markets in which these derivative instruments are traded. The effectiveness of hedges using derivative instruments based on indices will depend, in part, on the degree of correlation between price movements in the index and price movements in the investments being hedged.

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(4) LIQUIDITY RISK. Derivatives are also subject to liquidity risk. Liquidity risk is the risk that a derivative instrument cannot be sold, terminated early or replaced quickly at or very close to its market value. Generally, exchange contracts are very liquid because the exchange clearinghouse is the counterparty of every contract. OTC transactions are less liquid than exchange-traded derivatives since they often can only be closed out with the other party to the transaction. The Fund might be required by applicable regulatory requirements or by the derivative instrument to maintain assets as “cover,” maintain segregated accounts, designate assets on its books and records, post collateral and/or make margin payments when it takes positions in derivative instruments involving obligations to third parties (i.e., instruments other than purchased options). If the Fund were unable to close out its positions in such instruments, it might be required to continue to maintain such assets, accounts or collateral or make such payments until the position expired, matured or was closed out. The requirements might impair the Fund’s ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment at a time when it would otherwise be favorable to do so, or require that the Fund sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time. The Fund’s ability to sell or close out a position in an instrument prior to expiration or maturity depends, in part, on the existence of a liquid secondary market for such derivative instruments or, in the absence of such a market, the ability and willingness of the counterparty to enter into a transaction closing out the position. Therefore, there is no assurance that any derivatives position can be sold or closed out at a time and price that is favorable to the Fund.

(5) LEGAL RISK. Legal risk is the risk of loss caused by the legal unenforceability of a party’s obligations under the derivative instrument. While a party seeking price certainty agrees to surrender the potential upside in exchange for downside protection, the party taking the risk is looking for a positive payoff. Despite this voluntary assumption of risk, a counterparty that has lost money in a derivative transaction may try to avoid payment by exploiting various legal uncertainties about certain derivative instruments.

(6) SYSTEMIC OR “INTERCONNECTION” RISK. Interconnection risk is the risk that a disruption in the financial markets will cause difficulties for all market participants. In other words, a disruption in one market will spill over into other markets, perhaps creating a chain reaction. Much of the OTC derivatives market takes place among the OTC dealers themselves, which creates a large interdependent web of financial obligations. This interdependence raises the possibility that a default by one large dealer could create losses at other dealers and destabilize the entire market for OTC derivative instruments.

GENERAL LIMITATIONS. The use of derivative instruments is subject to applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the several options and futures exchanges upon which they may be traded, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and various state regulatory authorities. In addition, the Fund’s ability to use derivative instruments may be limited by certain tax considerations.

B-11

The Fund has filed a notice of eligibility for exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” in accordance with Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”), and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.

LEVERAGED DERIVATIVE TRANSACTIONS. The SEC has identified certain trading practices involving derivative instruments that have the potential for leveraging the Fund’s assets in a manner that raises senior security issues as defined under the 1940 Act. In order to avoid creating a senior security and to limit the potential problems for leveraging of the Fund’s assets when the Fund invests in derivatives, the SEC has stated that the Fund may use coverage or designation of the Fund’s liquid assets. To the extent required by SEC guidelines, the Fund will not enter into any such leveraging derivative transactions unless it owns either: (1) an offsetting (“covered”) position in securities, options, futures or derivative instruments; or (2) cash or liquid securities positions with a value sufficient at all times to cover its potential obligations to the counterparty to the extent that the position is not “covered.” Assets designated on the Fund’s records cannot be sold while the related derivative position is open unless they are replaced with similar assets and such designated assets may be deemed illiquid. As a result, the designation of a large portion of the Fund’s assets could impede portfolio management or the Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

In some cases, the Fund may be required to maintain or limit exposure of a specified percentage of its assets to a particular asset class. In such cases, when the Fund uses a derivative instrument to increase or decrease exposure to an asset class and is required by applicable SEC guidelines to designate liquid assets on its books and records to secure its obligations under such derivative instruments, the Advisor may, where reasonable in light of the circumstances, measure compliance with the applicable percentage by reference to the nature of the economic exposure created through the use of the derivative instrument and not by reference to the nature of the exposure arising from the liquid assets designated on the Fund’s books and records (unless another interpretation is specified by applicable regulatory requirements).

OPTIONS. The Fund may use options for any lawful purpose consistent with its investment objectives such as hedging or managing risk. An option is a contract in which the “holder” (the buyer) pays a certain amount (“premium”) to the “writer” (the seller) to obtain the right, but not the obligation, to buy from the writer (in a “call”) or sell to the writer (in a “put”) a specific asset at an agreed upon price (“strike price” or “exercise price”) at or before a certain time (“expiration date”). The holder pays the premium at inception and has no further financial obligation. The holder of an option will benefit from favorable movements in the price of the underlying asset but is not exposed to corresponding losses due to adverse movements in the value of the underlying asset. The writer of an option will receive fees or premiums but is exposed to losses due to adverse changes in the value of the underlying asset. The Fund may buy (hold) or write (sell) put and call options on assets, such as securities, currencies, financial commodities and indices of debt and equity securities (“underlying assets”) and enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate an existing position. Options used by the Fund may include European, American and Bermuda style options. If an option is exercisable only at maturity, it is a “European” option; if it is also exercisable prior to maturity, it is an “American” option and if it is exercisable only at certain times, it is a “Bermuda” option.

The Fund may hold (buy) and write (sell) put and call options on underlying assets and enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate an existing position. The purchase of a call option serves as a long hedge, and the purchase of a put option serves as a short hedge. Writing put or call options can enable the Fund to enhance income by reason of the premiums paid by the purchaser of such options. Writing call options serves as a limited short hedge because declines in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security appreciates to a price higher than the exercise price of the call option, it can be expected that the option will be exercised and the Fund will be obligated to sell the security at less than its market value or will be obligated to purchase the security at a price greater than that at which the security must be sold under the option. All or a portion of any assets used as cover for OTC options written by the Fund would be considered illiquid. Writing put options serves as a limited long hedge because decreases in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security depreciates to a price lower than the exercise price of the put option, it can be expected that the put option will be exercised and the Fund will be obligated to purchase the security at more than its market value.

B-12

The value of an option position will reflect, among other things, the historical price volatility of the underlying investment, the current market value of the underlying investment, the time remaining until expiration, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price of the underlying investment and general market conditions.

The Fund may effectively terminate its right or obligation under an option by entering into a closing transaction. For example, the Fund may terminate its obligation under a call or put option that it had written by purchasing an identical call or put option; this is known as a closing purchase transaction. Conversely, the Fund may terminate a position in a put or call option it had purchased by writing an identical put or call option; this is known as a closing sale transaction. Closing transactions permit the Fund to realize the profit or limit the loss on an option position prior to its exercise or expiration.

The Fund may purchase or write both exchange-traded and OTC options. Exchange-traded options are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed that, in effect, guarantees completion of every exchange-traded option transaction. In contrast, OTC options are contracts between the Fund and the other party to the transaction (“counterparty”) (usually a securities dealer or a bank) with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when the Fund purchases or writes an OTC option, it relies on the counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise of the option. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any premium paid by the Fund as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.

The Fund’s ability to establish and close out positions in exchange-listed options depends on the existence of a liquid market. The Fund intends to purchase or write only those exchange-traded options for which there appears to be a liquid secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist at any particular time. Closing transactions can be made for OTC options only by negotiating directly with the counterparty, or by a transaction in the secondary market if any such market exists. Although the Fund will enter into OTC options only with counterparties that are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there is no assurance that the Fund will in fact be able to close out an OTC option at a favorable price prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of the counterparty, the Fund might be unable to close out an OTC option position at any time prior to its expiration. If the Fund were unable to effect a closing transaction for an option it had purchased, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit.

The Fund may engage in options transactions on indices in much the same manner as the options on securities discussed above, except the index options may serve as a hedge against overall fluctuations in the securities market represented by the relevant market index.

B-13

The writing and purchasing of options is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Imperfect correlation between the options and securities markets may detract from the effectiveness of the attempted hedging.

SPREAD OPTION TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may use spread transactions for any lawful purpose consistent with its investment objectives such as hedging or managing risk. The Fund may purchase covered spread options from securities dealers. Such covered spread options are not presently exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the Fund the right to put, or sell, a security that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed yield spread in relation to another security that the Fund does not own, but which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Fund in purchasing covered spread options is the cost of the premium paid for the spread option and any transaction costs. In addition, there is no assurance that closing transactions will be available. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, i.e., the yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. Such protection is only provided during the life of the spread option.

FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may use futures contracts for any lawful purpose consistent with its investment objectives such as hedging or managing risk. The Fund may enter into futures contracts, including, but not limited to, interest rate futures and index futures. The Fund may also purchase put and call options, and write covered put and call options, on futures in which it is allowed to invest. The purchase of futures or call options thereon can serve as a long hedge, and the sale of futures or the purchase of put options thereon can serve as a short hedge. Writing covered call options on futures contracts can serve as a limited short hedge, and writing covered put options on futures contracts can serve as a limited long hedge, using a strategy similar to that used for writing covered options in securities. The Fund may also purchase and sell interest rate futures contracts on a short-term trading basis as a means of managing the duration of and interest rate exposure of the Fund. The Fund may also write put options on futures contracts while at the same time purchasing call options on the same futures contracts in order to create synthetically a long futures contract position. Such options would have the same strike prices and expiration dates. The Fund will engage in this strategy only when the Advisor believes it is more advantageous to the Fund than purchasing the futures contract.

To the extent required by regulatory authorities, the Fund only enters into futures contracts that are traded on national futures exchanges and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying financial instrument. Futures exchanges and trading are regulated under the CEA by the CFTC. Although techniques other than sales and purchases of futures contracts could be used to reduce the Fund’s exposure to market or interest rate fluctuations, the Fund may be able to hedge its exposure more effectively and perhaps at a lower cost through the use of futures contracts.

An interest rate futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific financial instrument (e.g., debt security) for a specified price at a designated date, time and place. An index futures contract is an agreement pursuant to which the parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index futures contract was originally written. Transaction costs are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold and margin deposits must be maintained. A futures contract may be satisfied by delivery or purchase, as the case may be, of the instrument or by payment of the change in the cash value of the index. More commonly, futures contracts are closed out prior to delivery by entering into an offsetting transaction in a matching futures contract. Although the value of an index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of those securities is made. If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is more, the Fund realizes a loss. Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is less, the Fund realizes a loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. There can be no assurance, however, that the Fund will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If the Fund is not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the Fund will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract.

B-14

No price is paid by the Fund upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, at the inception of a futures contract, the Fund is required to deposit in a segregated account with its custodian, in the name of the futures broker through whom the transaction was effected, “initial margin” consisting of cash and/or other appropriate liquid assets in an amount generally equal to 10% or less of the contract value. Margin must also be deposited when writing a call or put option on a futures contract, in accordance with applicable exchange rules. Unlike margin in securities transactions, initial margin on futures contracts does not represent a borrowing, but rather is in the nature of a performance bond or good-faith deposit that is returned to the Fund at the termination of the transaction if all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high volatility, the Fund may be required by an exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment, and initial margin requirements might be increased generally in the future by regulatory action.

Subsequent “variation margin” payments are made to and from the futures broker daily as the value of the futures position varies, a process known as “marking to market.” Variation margin does not involve borrowing, but rather represents a daily settlement of the Fund’s obligations to or from a futures broker. When the Fund purchases an option on a future, the premium paid plus transaction costs is all that is at risk. In contrast, when the Fund purchases or sells a futures contract or writes a call or put option thereon, it is subject to daily variation margin calls that could be substantial in the event of adverse price movements. If the Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a time when such sales are disadvantageous. Purchasers and sellers of futures positions and options on futures can enter into offsetting closing transactions by selling or purchasing, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument held or written. Positions in futures and options on futures may be closed only on an exchange or board of trade that provides a secondary market. The Fund intends to enter into futures transactions only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be a liquid secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist for a particular contract at a particular time.

Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a future or option on a futures contract can vary from the previous day’s settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.

If the Fund were unable to liquidate a futures or option on a futures contract position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market or the imposition of price limits, it could incur substantial losses. The Fund would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the case of purchased options, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the future or option or to designate liquid assets on its books and records.

Certain characteristics of the futures market might increase the risk that movements in the prices of futures contracts or options on futures contracts might not correlate perfectly with movements in the prices of the investments being hedged. For example, all participants in the futures and options on futures contracts markets are subject to daily variation margin calls and might be compelled to liquidate futures or options on futures contracts positions whose prices are moving unfavorably to avoid being subject to further calls. These liquidations could increase price volatility of the instruments and distort the normal price relationship between the futures or options and the investments being hedged. Also, because initial margin deposit requirements in the futures markets are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities markets, there might be increased participation by speculators in the futures markets. This participation also might cause temporary price distortions. In addition, activities of large traders in both the futures and securities markets involving arbitrage, “program trading” and other investment strategies might result in temporary price distortions.

B-15

Single-stock futures are futures traded on individual stocks. When buying or selling single-stock futures, the Fund is obligated to fulfill the terms of the contract upon expiration, unless it offsets the position before then. Single-stock futures carry higher margin requirements than regular futures contracts. Trading single-stock futures also involves the risk of losing more than the Fund’s initial investment.

FOREIGN CURRENCY DERIVATIVES. The Fund may purchase and sell foreign currency on a spot basis, and may use currency-related derivative instruments such as options on foreign currencies, futures on foreign currencies, options on futures on foreign currencies and forward currency contracts (i.e., an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a specified future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the contract date agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time the contract is entered into). The Fund may use these instruments for hedging or any other lawful purpose consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives, including transaction hedging, anticipatory hedging, cross hedging, proxy hedging and position hedging. The Fund’s use of currency-related derivative instruments will be directly related to the Fund’s current or anticipated portfolio securities, and the Fund may engage in transactions in currency-related derivative instruments as a means to protect against some or all of the effects of adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates on its investment portfolio. In general, if the currency in which a portfolio investment is denominated appreciates against the U.S. dollar, the dollar value of the security will increase. Conversely, a decline in the exchange rate of the currency would adversely affect the value of the portfolio investment expressed in U.S. dollars.

For example, the Fund might use currency-related derivative instruments to “lock in” a U.S. dollar price for a portfolio investment, thereby enabling the Fund to protect itself against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the subject foreign currency during the period between the date the security is purchased or sold and the date on which payment is made or received. The Fund also might use currency-related derivative instruments when the Advisor believes that one currency may experience a substantial movement against another currency, including the U.S. dollar, and it may use currency-related derivative instruments to sell or buy the amount of the former foreign currency, approximating the value of some or all of the Fund’s portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. Alternatively, where appropriate, the Fund may use currency-related derivative instruments to hedge all or part of its foreign currency exposure through the use of a basket of currencies or a proxy currency where such currency or currencies act as an effective proxy for other currencies. The use of this basket hedging technique may be more efficient and economical than using separate currency-related derivative instruments for each currency exposure held by the Fund. Furthermore, currency-related derivative instruments may be used for short hedges - for example, the Fund may sell a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar equivalent of the proceeds from the anticipated sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency.

B-16

In addition, the Fund may use a currency-related derivative instrument to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one foreign country to another foreign country where the Advisor believes that the foreign currency exposure purchased will appreciate relative to the U.S. dollar and thus better protect the Fund against the expected decline in the foreign currency exposure sold. For example, if the Fund owns securities denominated in a foreign currency and the Advisor believes that currency will decline, it might enter into a forward contract to sell an appropriate amount of the first foreign currency, with payment to be made in a second foreign currency that the Advisor believes would better protect the Fund against the decline in the first security than would a U.S. dollar exposure. Hedging transactions that use two foreign currencies are sometimes referred to as “cross hedges.” The effective use of currency-related derivative instruments by the Fund in a cross hedge is dependent upon a correlation between price movements of the two currency instruments and the underlying security involved, and the use of two currencies magnifies the risk that movements in the price of one instrument may not correlate or may correlate unfavorably with the foreign currency being hedged. Such a lack of correlation might occur due to factors unrelated to the value of the currency instruments used or investments being hedged, such as speculative or other pressures on the markets in which these instruments are traded.

The Fund also might seek to hedge against changes in the value of a particular currency when no hedging instruments on that currency are available or such hedging instruments are more expensive than certain other hedging instruments. In such cases, the Fund may hedge against price movements in that currency by entering into transactions using currency-related derivative instruments on another foreign currency or a basket of currencies, the values of which the Advisor believes will have a high degree of positive correlation to the value of the currency being hedged. The risk that movements in the price of the hedging instrument will not correlate perfectly with movements in the price of the currency being hedged is magnified when this strategy is used.

The use of currency-related derivative instruments by the Fund involves a number of risks. The value of currency-related derivative instruments depends on the value of the underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. Because foreign currency transactions occurring in the interbank market might involve substantially larger amounts than those involved in the use of such derivative instruments, the Fund could be disadvantaged by having to deal in the odd lot market (generally consisting of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying foreign currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots (generally consisting of transactions of greater than $1 million).

There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for foreign currencies or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis. Quotation information generally is representative of very large transactions in the interbank market and thus might not reflect odd-lot transactions where rates might be less favorable. The interbank market in foreign currencies is a global, round-the-clock market. To the extent the U.S. options or futures markets are closed while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate movements might take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the markets for the derivative instruments until they re-open.

Settlement of transactions in currency-related derivative instruments might be required to take place within the country issuing the underlying currency. Thus, the Fund might be required to accept or make delivery of the underlying foreign currency in accordance with any U.S. or foreign regulations regarding the maintenance of foreign banking arrangements by U.S. residents and might be required to pay any fees, taxes and charges associated with such delivery assessed in the issuing country.

B-17

When the Fund engages in a transaction in a currency-related derivative instrument, it relies on the counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying currency at the maturity of the contract or otherwise complete the contract. In other words, the Fund will be subject to the risk that a loss may be sustained by the Fund as a result of the failure of the counterparty to comply with the terms of the transaction. The counterparty risk for exchange-traded instruments is generally less than for privately negotiated or OTC currency instruments, since generally a clearing agency, which is the issuer or counterparty to each instrument, provides a guarantee of performance. For privately negotiated instruments, there is no similar clearing agency guarantee. In all transactions, the Fund will bear the risk that the counterparty will default, and this could result in a loss of the expected benefit of the transaction and possibly other losses to the Fund. The Fund will enter into transactions in currency-related derivative instruments only with counterparties that the Advisor reasonably believes are capable of performing under the contract.

Purchasers and sellers of currency-related derivative instruments may enter into offsetting closing transactions by selling or purchasing, respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument purchased or sold. Secondary markets generally do not exist for forward currency contracts, with the result that closing transactions generally can be made for forward currency contracts only by negotiating directly with the counterparty. Thus, there can be no assurance that the Fund will in fact be able to close out a forward currency contract (or any other currency-related derivative instrument) at a time and price favorable to the Fund. In addition, in the event of insolvency of the counterparty, the Fund might be unable to close out a forward currency contract at any time prior to maturity. In the case of an exchange-traded instrument, the Fund will be able to close the position out only on an exchange that provides a market for the instruments. The ability to establish and close out positions on an exchange is subject to the maintenance of a liquid market, and there can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist for any instrument at any specific time. In the case of a privately negotiated instrument, the Fund will be able to realize the value of the instrument only by entering into a closing transaction with the issuer or finding a third party buyer for the instrument. While the Fund will enter into privately negotiated transactions only with entities that are expected to be capable of entering into a closing transaction, there can be no assurance that the Fund will in fact be able to enter into such closing transactions.

The precise matching of currency-related derivative instrument amounts and the value of the portfolio securities involved generally will not be possible because the value of such securities, measured in the foreign currency, will change after the currency-related derivative instrument position has been established. Thus, the Fund might need to purchase or sell foreign currencies in the spot (cash) market. The projection of short-term currency market movements is extremely difficult, and the successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is highly uncertain.

Permissible foreign currency options will include options traded primarily in the OTC market. Although options on foreign currencies are traded primarily in the OTC market, the Fund will normally purchase or sell OTC options on foreign currency only when the Advisor reasonably believes a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular option at any specific time.

There will be a cost to the Fund of engaging in transactions in currency-related derivative instruments that will vary with factors such as the contract or currency involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. The Fund may have to pay a fee or commission for using these instruments or, in cases where the instruments are entered into on a principal basis, foreign exchange dealers or other counterparties will realize a profit based on the difference (“spread”) between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, for example, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to the Fund at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the Fund desire to resell that currency to the dealer.

B-18

When required by the SEC guidelines, the Fund will designate liquid assets on its books and records to cover potential obligations under currency-related derivative instruments. To the extent the Fund’s assets are so set aside, they cannot be sold while the corresponding currency position is open, unless they are replaced with similar assets. As a result, if a large portion of the Fund’s assets is so set aside, this could impede portfolio management or the Fund’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

The Advisor’s decision to engage in a transaction in a particular currency-related derivative instrument will reflect the Advisor’s judgment that the transaction will provide value to the Fund and its shareholders and is consistent with the Fund’s objectives and policies. In making such a judgment, the Advisor will analyze the benefits and risks of the transaction and weigh them in the context of the Fund’s entire portfolio and objectives. The effectiveness of any transaction in a currency-related derivative instrument is dependent on a variety of factors, including the Advisor’s skill in analyzing and predicting currency values and upon a correlation between price movements of the currency instrument and the underlying security. There might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements of an instrument and price movements of investments being hedged. Such a lack of correlation might occur due to factors unrelated to the value of the investments being hedged, such as speculative or other pressures on the markets in which these instruments are traded. In addition, the Fund’s use of currency-related derivative instruments is always subject to the risk that the currency in question could be devalued by the foreign government. In such a case, any long currency positions would decline in value and could adversely affect any hedging position maintained by the Fund.

The Fund’s dealing in currency-related derivative instruments will generally be limited to the transactions described above. However, the Fund reserves the right to use currency-related derivative instruments for different purposes and under different circumstances. Of course, the Fund is not required to use currency-related derivative instruments and will not do so unless deemed appropriate by the Advisor. It also should be realized that use of these instruments does not eliminate, or protect against, price movements in the Fund’s securities that are attributable to other (i.e., non-currency related) causes. Moreover, while the use of currency-related derivative instruments may reduce the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of a hedged currency, at the same time the use of these instruments tends to limit any potential gain that may result from an increase in the value of that currency.

“SWAP” DERIVATIVE TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may enter into interest rate, credit default, securities index, commodity or security and currency exchange rate swap agreements for any lawful purpose consistent with the Fund’s investment objective, such as for the purpose of attempting to obtain, enhance or preserve a particular desired return or spread at a lower cost to the Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return or spread. The Fund also may enter into swaps in order to protect against an increase in the price of, or the currency exchange rate applicable to, securities that the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to several years. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or “swapped” between the parties are calculated with respect to a “notional amount” (i.e., the amount or value of the underlying asset used in computing the particular interest rate, return or other amount to be exchanged) in a particular foreign currency, or in a “basket” of securities representing a particular index. Swap agreements may include (1) interest rate caps, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate, or “cap;” (2) interest rate floors, under which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified level, or “floor” and (3) interest rate collars, under which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor, or vice versa, in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels or “collar” amounts.

B-19

The “notional amount” of the swap agreement is the agreed upon amount or value of the underlying asset used for calculating the obligations that the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. Under most swap agreements entered into by the Fund, the obligations of the parties would be exchanged on a “net basis.” Consequently, the Fund’s obligation (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative notional values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (“net amount”) and not the notional amount differences themselves. The Fund’s obligation under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against amounts owed to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by designating liquid assets on the Fund’s books and records.

Whether the Fund’s use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objectives will depend, in part, on the Advisor’s ability to predict correctly whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments and the changes in the future values, indices or rates covered by the swap agreement. Swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Fund will enter into swap agreements only with counterparties that the Advisor reasonably believes are capable of performing under the swap agreements. If there is a default by the other party to such a transaction, the Fund will have to rely on its contractual remedies (which may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws) pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. Certain restrictions imposed on the Fund by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (“IRC”) may limit the Fund’s ability to use swap agreements. The swaps market is largely unregulated.

CREDIT DERIVATIVES. Credit derivatives are a form of derivative that are divided into two basic types, credit default swaps and total return swaps, and are usually governed by the standard ISDA Master Agreement terms and conditions. A credit default swap involves a protection buyer and a protection seller. The Fund may be either a protection buyer or seller. The protection buyer makes periodic premium payments to the protection seller during the swap term in exchange for the protection seller agreeing to make certain defined payments to the protection buyer in the event that certain defined credit events occur with respect to a particular security, issuer or basket of securities. A total return swap involves a total return receiver and a total return payor. The Fund may either be a total return receiver or payor. Generally, the total return payor sells to the total return receiver an amount equal to all cash flows and price appreciation on a defined security or asset payable at periodic times during the swap term (i.e., credit risk) in return for a periodic payment from the total return receiver based on a designated index (e.g., the London Interbank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”)) and spread plus the amount of any price depreciation on the reference security or asset. The total return payor does not need to own the underlying security or asset to enter into a total return swap. The final payment at the end of the swap term includes final settlement of the current market price of the underlying reference security or asset, and payment by the applicable party for any appreciation or depreciation in value. Usually, collateral must be posted by the total return receiver to secure the periodic interest-based and market price depreciation payments depending on the credit quality of the underlying reference security and creditworthiness of the total return receiver, and the collateral amount is marked-to-market daily equal to the market price of the underlying reference security or asset between periodic payment dates. Another type of credit derivative is the credit-linked notes and other forms of debt obligations with an embedded credit default swap component. In this type of credit derivative, payments of principal and interest are linked to the performance of one or more reference debt securities or assets. In all of these credit derivative transactions, the same general risks of derivative transactions are present, but they offer greater risks of imperfect correlation between the performance and price of the underlying reference security or asset, and the general performance of the designated interest rate or index which is the basis for the periodic payment. If the Fund writes a credit default swap, it receives a premium up front but the Fund’s exposure under the credit default swap is a form of leverage and will be subject to the restrictions on leveraged derivatives discussed above.

B-20

ADDITIONAL DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND STRATEGIES. In addition to the derivative instruments and strategies described above and in the Prospectus, the Advisor expects to use additional derivative instruments and to employ other hedging or risk management techniques using derivatives. The Advisor may utilize these new derivative instruments and techniques to the extent that they are consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and permitted by the Fund’s investment limitations, operating policies and applicable regulatory authorities.

I. Exchange-Traded Funds. Exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) represent shares of ownership in mutual funds, or unit investment trusts (“UITs”), that hold portfolios of securities that closely track the performance and dividend yield of specific domestic or foreign market indices. An index-based ETF seeks to track the performance of a particular index by holding in its portfolio either the contents of the index or a representative sample of the securities in the index. Unlike typical open-end mutual funds or UITs, ETFs do not sell or redeem their individual shares at net asset value (“NAV”). Instead, ETFs sell and redeem their shares at NAV only in large blocks (such as 50,000 shares). In addition, national securities exchanges list ETF shares for trading, which allows investors to purchase and sell individual ETF shares among themselves at market prices throughout the day. ETFs therefore possess characteristics of traditional open-end mutual funds and UITs, which issue redeemable shares, and of closed-end mutual funds, which generally issue shares that trade at negotiated prices on national securities exchanges and are not redeemable.

J. Foreign Investment Companies. The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in foreign investment companies. Some of the countries in which the Fund invests may not permit direct investment by outside investors. Investments in such countries may only be permitted through foreign government-approved or -authorized investment vehicles, which may include other investment companies. In addition, it may be less expensive and more expedient for the Fund to invest in a foreign investment company in a country that permits direct foreign investment. Investing through such vehicles may involve frequent or layered fees or expenses and may also be subject to limitation under the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in shares of other investment companies and up to 5% of its assets in any one investment company as long as the investment does not represent more than 3% of the voting stock of the acquired investment company. The Fund does not intend to invest in such investment companies unless, in the judgment of the Advisor, the potential benefits of such investments justify the payment of any associated fees and expenses.

K. Foreign Securities. Foreign securities are securities issued by a foreign government or securities issued by a company incorporated in a foreign country. Investing in foreign securities involves certain risks not present in investing in U.S. securities, and many of these risks are discussed below. For example, many of the foreign securities held by the Fund will not be registered with the SEC, nor will the foreign issuers be subject to SEC reporting requirements. Accordingly, the Fund has the risk of obtaining less publicly available information concerning these foreign issuers and foreign securities than is available concerning U.S. issuers. In addition, the Fund has the risk that disclosure, reporting and regulatory standards for foreign issuers may be less stringent in certain foreign countries (especially emerging market countries) than in the U.S. and other major markets. There also may be a lower level of effective government regulation of emerging markets and the activities of investors in such markets, and enforcement of existing regulations in these emerging markets may be extremely limited. Foreign companies, and in particular, companies in smaller and emerging capital markets, are not generally subject to the same uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards as in the U.S. and other developed countries. The Fund also has the risk that its net investment income and capital gains from its foreign investment activities may be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes.

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Foreign securities may be subject to the instability of foreign governments and/or their relationship with the U.S. government (including concerns over nationalization of U.S. assets); unilateral actions of the foreign government about payment of its own debt or restricting payments of foreign company debt and unilateral actions of the U.S. government with respect to treaties, trade, capital flows, immigration and taxation with that foreign country or affecting that foreign company.

The Fund’s costs attributable to investing in foreign securities may be higher than those attributable to domestic investments- and this is particularly true with respect to investments in emerging capital markets. For example, the Fund’s cost of maintaining custody of its foreign securities usually exceeds its custodial costs for domestic securities; and the Fund’s transaction and settlement costs of for foreign securities usually are higher than those attributable to domestic investing. The Fund’s costs associated with the exchange of and hedging foreign currencies also make investing in foreign securities more expensive than domestic investments. The Fund’s investment income on certain foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding or other foreign taxes that could reduce the Fund’s total return on its investments in foreign securities. Tax treaties between the U.S. and certain foreign countries, however, may reduce or eliminate the amount of foreign tax to which the Fund would be subject.

Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures. In certain foreign markets, there have been times when settlements have failed to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult for the Fund to conduct or timely settle such transactions. Delays in foreign settlement could result in unexpected, temporary periods when the Fund’s assets are uninvested and are earning no investment return. The Fund’s inability to make and timely settle foreign security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss foreign investment opportunities. On the sell-side, the Fund’s inability to dispose of a foreign security due to settlement problems could result either in unexpected losses to the Fund (due to subsequent declines in the value of such foreign security) or, if the Fund is unable to deliver the foreign security to the purchaser, could result in the Fund’s possible liability to the purchaser.

In addition, the Fund’s investment in any security payable in a foreign currency is subject to the risk of changes in the value of the U.S. dollar versus the value of the foreign currency.

Non-foreign securities may also be directly or indirectly subject to foreign risks because of, for example, the issuer’s affiliation with a foreign company or the multinational nature of the issuer’s operations. The type and aggregate level of foreign risk can vary significantly between individual securities held by the Fund. A summary of certain common types of debt-obligations affected by foreign risks is presented below:

NON-DOLLAR BONDS (INTERNATIONAL BONDS). Foreign governments, U.S. and international agencies and corporations may issue debt instruments with interest and/or principal payable in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. These types of debt instruments are usually known as “non-dollar bonds.” For U.S.-based investors, these non-dollar bonds entail foreign currency risk as described above. While some foreign currencies tend to trade in a moderate range versus the U.S. dollar, other foreign currencies may exhibit dramatic and/or unexpected increases or decreases in value relative to the U.S. dollar. Freely floating foreign currencies have no limit on the degree of appreciation or depreciation they may experience. Even foreign currencies which are managed by foreign governments and central banks to track the value of the U.S. dollar or a “basket” of securities (“managed float” or “peg”) can in fact gain or lose value in U.S. dollar terms. Such managed currency arrangements can break down at any time, resulting in significant U.S. dollar valuation swings for those non-dollar bonds paying in these foreign currencies. While the most common issuers of non-dollar bonds are domiciled outside the United States, U.S entities can choose to offer bonds payable in foreign currencies.

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YANKEE BONDS.“Yankee” bonds are debt instruments issued and/or registered in the United States by non-U.S. borrowers (also called “Yankee issuers”) paying interest and principal in U.S. dollars. Yankee issuers may have significant operations or entire subsidiaries located in the United States, or they may have U.S. funding arms, but no U.S. business operations. U.S. holders of Yankee bonds are not directly subject to foreign currency risk, but exchange rate movements may have an indirect influence on the market price of Yankee bonds since they impact the financial condition of the Yankee issuer. For example, a Canadian-based company raising capital in the U.S. market by issuing Yankee bonds could face a change in its business results (and therefore its creditworthiness) due to a change in the value of the Canadian dollar versus the U.S. dollar. Yankee bonds may also be subject to foreign, political, legal, accounting, regulatory and disclosure risks discussed above.

U.S. SUBSIDIARY BONDS. A U.S. subsidiary bond is a debt instrument issued by a U.S. operating company which is owned, directly or indirectly, by a foreign company. Like Yankee bonds, U.S. subsidiary bonds are payable in U.S. dollars, and consequently avoid direct foreign currency risk for U.S. holders. However, as with Yankee bonds, the creditworthiness of the U.S. subsidiary issuing the bonds (and market value of the U.S. subsidiary’s bonds) can be influenced by foreign currency movements and the other foreign risk factors noted above to the extent that the foreign parent company’s business prospects are affected by such foreign risks.

U.S. MULTI-NATIONAL BONDS. A U.S. multi-national bond is a debt instrument issued in the U.S. by a subsidiary of a multi-national company (which multi-national company is domiciled in the United States). The issuing subsidiary could be domiciled in the U.S. or in a foreign country, and could be either an operating subsidiary or a funding vehicle for the multi-national parent company. A U.S. multi-national bond can be issued in U.S. dollars or other foreign currencies. If issued by the subsidiary company in a foreign currency, a U.S. multi-national bond embodies the same foreign currency risks described above for non-dollar bonds. If issued by the subsidiary in U.S. dollars, there is no direct foreign currency risk for U.S. investors, but indirect foreign currency risks affecting the multi-national operations of the parent company remain. Many U.S. multi-national companies derive a greater share of revenues and earnings from foreign activities than from U.S. operations. Consequently, financial results and the creditworthiness of these U.S. multi-national companies (and the market value of the debt instruments issued by their subsidiaries) can be affected (to a greater or lesser extent) by the foreign risk factors described above.

U.S. DOLLAR FOREIGN BONDS. U.S. dollar foreign bonds are debt instruments issued by foreign governments, supra-national foreign organizations, foreign subsidiaries of U.S. multinational companies, foreign corporations and offshore registered entities payable in U.S. dollars. Principal and interest on these bonds are payable in U.S. dollars, so there is no direct foreign currency risk for U.S. holders. However, indirect foreign currency risk and the other foreign risk factors may apply to the foreign issuers of these U.S. dollar foreign bonds, and affect the market value of these bonds. (Note: These foreign issuers of U.S. dollar foreign bonds may also have U.S. subsidiaries or a U.S. parent that issue debt instruments themselves. Accordingly, it is not uncommon that one multi-national company may issue bonds both at its subsidiary level and at its parent level and, depending if the issuer is a U.S. entity or a foreign entity, one bond could be categorized as a “foreign security” while the other bond categorized as a U.S. security).

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L. Governmental/Municipal Obligations.

IN GENERAL. Municipal obligations are debt obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States (including the District of Columbia) and their political subdivisions, agencies and instrumentalities. Municipal obligations generally include debt obligations issued to obtain funds for various public purposes. Certain types of municipal obligations are issued in whole or in part to obtain funding for privately operated facilities or projects. Municipal obligations include general obligation bonds, revenue bonds, industrial development bonds, notes and municipal lease obligations. Municipal obligations also include additional obligations, the interest on which is exempt from federal income tax, that may become available in the future as long as the Board of the Fund determines that an investment in any such type of obligation is consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives. Municipal obligations may be fully or partially backed by local government, the credit of a private issuer, current or anticipated revenues from a specific project or specific assets or domestic or foreign entities providing credit support such as letters of credit, guarantees or insurance.

BONDS AND NOTES. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuer’s pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of interest and principal. Revenue bonds are payable only from the revenues derived from a project or facility or from the proceeds of a specified revenue source. Industrial development bonds are generally revenue bonds secured by payments from and the credit of private users. Municipal notes are issued to meet the short-term funding requirements of state, regional and local governments. Municipal notes include tax anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes, tax and revenue anticipation notes, construction loan notes, short-term discount notes, tax-exempt commercial paper, demand notes and similar instruments.

MUNICIPAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS. Municipal lease obligations may take the form of a lease, an installment purchase or a conditional sales contract. They are issued by state and local governments and authorities to acquire land, equipment and facilities, such as vehicles, telecommunications and computer equipment and other capital assets. The Fund may purchase these lease obligations directly, or it may purchase participation interests in such lease obligations (See “Participation Interests” section). States have different requirements for issuing municipal debt and issuing municipal leases. Municipal leases are generally subject to greater risks than general obligation or revenue bonds because they usually contain a “non-appropriation” clause, which provides that the issuer is not obligated to make payments on the obligation in future years unless funds have been appropriated for this purpose each year. Such non-appropriation clauses are required to avoid the municipal lease obligations from being treated as debt for state debt restriction purposes. Accordingly, such obligations are subject to “non-appropriation” risk. Municipal leases may be secured by the underlying capital asset and it may be difficult to dispose of any such asset in the event of non-appropriation or other default.

MORTGAGE-BACKED BONDS. The Fund’s investments in municipal obligations may include mortgage-backed municipal obligations, which are a type of municipal security issued by a state, authority or municipality to provide financing for residential housing mortgages to target groups, generally low-income individuals who are first-time home buyers. The Fund’s interest, evidenced by such obligations, is an undivided interest in a pool of mortgages. Payments made on the underlying mortgages and passed through to the Fund will represent both regularly scheduled principal and interest payments. The Fund may also receive additional principal payments representing prepayments of the underlying mortgages. While a certain level of prepayments can be expected, regardless of the interest rate environment, it is anticipated that prepayment of the underlying mortgages will accelerate in periods of declining interest rates. In the event that the Fund receives principal prepayments in a declining interest-rate environment, its reinvestment of such funds may be in bonds with a lower yield.

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PARTICIPATION INTERESTS. A participation interest gives the Fund an undivided interest in a municipal debt obligation in the proportion that the Fund’s participation interest bears to the principal amount of the underlying obligation. These underlying obligations may have fixed-, floating-, or variable-rates of interest. The Fund will only purchase participation interests if accompanied by an opinion of counsel that the interest earned on the underlying municipal obligations will be federal tax-exempt. If the Fund purchases unrated participation interests, the Board or its delegate must have determined that the credit risk is equivalent to the rated obligations in which the Fund may invest. Participation interests may be backed by a letter of credit or repurchase obligation of the selling institution. When determining whether such a participation interest meets the Fund’s credit quality requirements, the Fund may look to the credit quality of any financial guarantor providing a letter of credit or guaranty.

PASS-THROUGH CERTIFICATES. The Fund may also invest in pass-through certificates or securities issued by partnerships and grantor trusts. These securities allow the Fund to receive principal and interest payments on underlying obligations and such securities may have fixed-, floating-, or variable-rates of interest. The pass-through certificates may be backed by a letter of credit, guarantee or liquidity provider and, if the pass-through certificate is intended to be a tax-exempt security, it is generally accompanied by an opinion of counsel that the interest on the pass-through certificates will be exempt from federal income tax. The Fund may only invest in these securities if they meet the Fund’s credit-quality and eligibility requirements.

M. High-Yield Securities.

IN GENERAL. Non-investment grade debt obligations (“lower-quality securities”) include (1) debt obligations rated between BB and C by Moody’s Investors (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s Ratings Group (“S&P”) and comparable ratings of other NRSROs; (2) commercial paper rated as low as C by S&P, Not Prime by Moody’s and comparable ratings of other NRSROs and (3) unrated debt obligations of comparable credit-quality as determined by the Advisor. Lower-quality securities, while generally offering higher yields than investment grade securities with similar maturities, involve greater risks, including the possibility of default or bankruptcy of the obligor. They are regarded as predominantly speculative and present a significant risk for loss of principal and interest. The special risk considerations in connection with investments in these securities are discussed below.

EFFECT OF INTEREST RATES. The lower-quality and comparable unrated security market is relatively new and its growth has paralleled a long economic expansion. As a result, it is not clear how this market may withstand a prolonged recession or economic downturn. Such conditions could severely disrupt the market for and adversely affect the value of such securities.

All fixed interest-bearing securities typically experience appreciation when interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise. The market values of lower-quality and comparable unrated securities tend to reflect individual corporate developments to a greater extent than do higher rated securities (which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates). Lower-quality and comparable unrated securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than are higher-rated securities. As a result, they generally involve more credit risks than securities in the higher-rated categories. During an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of lower-quality and comparable unrated securities may experience financial stress and may not have sufficient revenues to meet their payment obligations. The issuer’s ability to service its debt obligations may also be adversely affected by specific corporate developments, the issuer’s inability to meet specific projected business forecasts or the unavailability of additional financing. The risk of loss due to default by an issuer of these securities is significantly greater than issuers of higher-rated securities because such securities may be unsecured and may be subordinated to other creditors. Further, if the issuer of a lower-quality or comparable unrated security defaulted, the Fund might incur additional expenses to seek recovery. Periods of economic uncertainty and changes would also generally result in increased volatility in the market prices of these securities and thus in the Fund’s NAV.

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DECREASED FUND LIQUIDITY. As previously stated, the value of a lower-quality or comparable unrated security will decrease in a rising interest rate market and accordingly, so will the Fund’s NAV. If the Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions in such a market, it may be forced to liquidate a portion of its portfolio securities without regard to their investment merits. Due to the limited liquidity of lower-quality and comparable unrated securities (discussed below), the Fund may be forced to liquidate these securities at a substantial discount to its existing market value to meet redemptions. Any such redemption would force the Fund to sell the more liquid portion of its portfolio.

PREPAYMENT RISK. Lower-quality and comparable unrated securities typically bear higher rates of interest than higher- and medium- quality securities, and generally contain redemption, call or prepayment provisions that permit the issuer of such securities containing such provisions to, at its discretion, redeem the securities. During periods of falling interest rates, issuers of these securities are likely to redeem or prepay the securities and refinance them with debt securities with a lower interest rate. To the extent an issuer is able to refinance the securities, or otherwise redeem them, the Fund may have to replace the securities with a lower yielding security, which would result in a lower return for the Fund.

CREDIT RATINGS. Credit ratings issued by NRSROs are designed to evaluate the ability of obligors to make principal and interest payments on rated securities. They do not, however, evaluate the overall risk of owning lower-quality securities and, therefore, may not fully reflect the true risks of this type of investment. In addition, credit rating agencies may or may not make timely changes in a rating to reflect changes in the economy or in the condition of the issuer that affect the market value of the security. Consequently, credit ratings are used only as a preliminary indicator of investment quality. Investments in lower-quality and comparable unrated obligations will be more dependent on the Advisor’s credit analysis than would be the case with investments in investment-grade debt obligations. The Advisor employs its own credit research and analysis, which includes a study of existing debt, capital structure, ability to service debt and to pay dividends, the issuer’s sensitivity to economic conditions, its operating history, its industry and the current trend of earnings. The Advisor periodically monitors the investments in the Fund’s portfolio and carefully evaluates whether to dispose of or to retain lower-quality and comparable unrated securities whose credit ratings or credit quality may have changed.

LIQUIDITY AND VALUATION. The Fund may have difficulty disposing of certain lower-quality and comparable unrated securities because there may be a thin trading market for such securities or they may be illiquid. Because not all dealers maintain markets in all lower-quality and comparable unrated securities, there is no established retail secondary market for many of these securities. The Fund anticipates that such securities could be sold only to a limited number of dealers or institutional investors. To the extent a secondary trading market does exist in these lower-quality (and comparable unrated) securities, it is generally not as liquid as the secondary market for higher-rated securities. The lack of a liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the market price of the security. As a result, the Fund’s NAV and ability to dispose of particular securities, when necessary to meet the Fund’s liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event, may be impacted. The lack of a liquid secondary market for certain securities may also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing these securities held in the Fund’s portfolio. Market quotations are generally available on many lower-quality and comparable unrated issues only from a limited number of dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids of such dealers or prices for actual sales. During periods of thin trading, the spread between bid and asked prices is likely to increase significantly which can lead to lower reliability of broker price quotations. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of lower-quality and comparable unrated securities, especially in a thinly traded market.

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LEGISLATION. Legislation may be adopted, from time to time, designed to limit the use of certain lower-quality and comparable unrated securities as permissible investments. It is anticipated that if additional legislation is enacted or proposed, it could have a material effect on the value of these securities and the existence of a secondary trading market for the securities.

N. Inflation-Indexed Securities. The Fund may invest in inflation-indexed securities, which have a final value and interest payment stream linked to the inflation rate. The index for measuring the inflation rate for these securities is typically the non-seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index published monthly by the U.S. Department of Labor- Bureau of Labor Statistics. By offering interest and principal payments linked to inflation, these securities attempt to protect the future purchasing power of the money invested in them. However, inflation-indexed securities provide this protected return only if held to maturity. In addition, inflation-indexed securities may not trade at par value. Real interest rates (the market rate of interest adjusted for inflation) change over time as a result of many factors, such as expected domestic economic output. When real interest rates do change, inflation-indexed securities prices may be more sensitive to these changes than conventional bonds. Should market expectations for real interest rates rise, the price of inflation-indexed securities may fall. In addition, inflation-indexed securities may not be as widely traded as fixed-principal securities. This lesser liquidity may result in the Fund experiencing higher transaction costs when purchasing and selling these securities.

O. Maturity. The Fund’s average effective portfolio maturity represents an average based on the actual stated maturity dates of the debt securities in the Fund’s portfolio, except that (1) variable-rate securities are deemed to mature at the next interest-rate adjustment date, unless subject to a demand feature, (2) variable-rate securities subject to a demand feature are deemed to mature on the longer of the next interest-rate adjustment date or the date on which principal can be recovered through demand, (3) floating-rate securities subject to a demand feature are deemed to mature on the date on which the principal can be recovered through demand, (4) the maturity of mortgage-backed and certain other asset-backed securities is determined on an “expected life” basis by the Advisor and (5) securities being hedged with futures contracts may be deemed to have a longer maturity, in the case of purchases of futures contracts, and a shorter maturity, in the case of sales of futures contracts, than they would otherwise be deemed to have. In addition, a security that is subject to redemption at the option of the issuer on a particular date (“call date”), which is prior to the security’s stated maturity, may be deemed to mature on the call date rather than on its stated maturity date. The call date of a security will be used to calculate average effective portfolio maturity when the Advisor reasonably anticipates, based upon information available to it, that the issuer will exercise its right to redeem the security. The average effective portfolio maturity of the Fund is dollar-weighted based upon the market value of the Fund’s securities at the time of the calculation.

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The Fund may utilize puts which are provided on a “best efforts” or similar basis (a “soft put”) to shorten the maturity of securities when the Advisor reasonably believes, based upon information available to it at the time the security is acquired, that the issuer of the soft put has or will have both the willingness and the resources or creditworthiness to repurchase the securities at the time the Fund exercises the put. Failure of an issuer to honor a soft put may, depending on the specific put, have a variety of possible consequences, including (1) an automatic extension of the soft put to a later date, (2) the elimination of the soft put, in which case the effective maturity of the security may be its final maturity date or (3) a default of the security, typically after the passage of a cure period. Should either the exercise date of the soft put automatically extend or the soft put right be eliminated as a result of the failure to honor a soft put, the affected security may include a provision that adjusts the interest rate on the security to an amount intended to result in the security being priced at par at an interest rate equal to comparable securities. However, not all securities have rate reset provisions or, if they have such provisions, the reset rate may be capped at a rate that would prevent the security from being priced at par. Furthermore, it is possible that the interest rate may reset to a level that increases the interest expense to the issuer by an amount that negatively affects the credit quality of the security.

P. Mortgage-Backed Securities. Mortgage-backed securities represent direct or indirect participations in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property, and include single- and multi-class pass-through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations. Such securities may be issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities, such as the Government National Mortgage Association and the Federal National Mortgage Association, or by private issuers, generally originators and investors in mortgage loans, including savings associations, mortgage bankers, commercial banks, investment bankers and special purpose entities (collectively, “private lenders”). Mortgage-backed securities issued by private lenders may be supported by pools of mortgage loans or other mortgage-backed securities that are guaranteed, directly or indirectly, by the U.S. Government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, or they may be issued without any governmental guarantee of the underlying mortgage assets but with some form of non-governmental credit enhancement.

The rate of principal payment on mortgage-backed securities generally depends on the rate of principal payments received on the underlying assets that in turn, may be affected by a variety of economic and other factors. As a result, the yield on any mortgage-backed security is difficult to predict with precision and actual yield to maturity may be more or less than the anticipated yield to maturity. The yield characteristics of mortgage-backed securities differ from those of traditional debt securities. Among the principal differences are that interest and principal payments are made more frequently on mortgage-backed securities, usually monthly, and that principal may be prepaid at any time because the underlying mortgage loans or other assets generally may be prepaid at any time. As a result, if the Fund purchases these securities at a premium, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite effect of increasing the yield to maturity. Conversely, if the Fund purchases these securities at a discount, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will increase yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will reduce yield to maturity. Amounts available for reinvestment by the Fund are likely to be greater during a period of declining interest rates and, as a result, are likely to be reinvested at lower interest rates than during a period of rising interest rates. Accelerated prepayments on securities purchased by the Fund at a premium also impose a risk of loss of principal because the premium may not have been fully amortized at the time the principal is prepaid in full. The market for privately issued mortgage-backed securities is smaller and less liquid than the market for government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities.

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Mortgage-backed securities may be issued with either a single class of security or multiple classes, which are commonly referred to as a CMO. Multiple class mortgage-backed securities are issued for two main reasons. First, multiple classes may be used as a method of providing credit support. This is accomplished typically through creation of one or more classes whose right to payments on the security is made subordinate to the right to such payments of the remaining class or classes. Second, multiple classes may permit the issuance of securities with payment terms, interest rates or other characteristics differing both from those of each other and from those of the underlying assets. Examples include STRIPS (mortgage-backed securities entitling the holder to disproportionate interests with respect to the allocation of interest and principal of the assets backing the security), and securities with class or classes having characteristics that mimic the characteristics of non-mortgage-backed securities, such as floating interest rates (i.e., interest rates which adjust as a specified benchmark changes) or scheduled amortization of principal.

The Fund may invest in stripped mortgage-backed securities, which receive differing proportions of the interest and principal payments from the underlying assets, including interest-only (IO) and principal-only (PO) securities. IO and PO mortgage-backed securities may be illiquid. The market value of such securities generally is more sensitive to changes in prepayment and interest rates than is the case with traditional mortgage-backed securities, and in some cases such market value may be extremely volatile.

Mortgage-backed securities backed by assets, other than as described above, or in which the payment streams on the underlying assets are allocated in a manner different than those described above may be issued in the future. The Fund may invest in such securities if such investment is otherwise consistent with its investment objectives and policies and with the investment restrictions of the Fund.

Q. Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with qualified, creditworthy banks or non-bank dealers (“Seller”) as determined by the Advisor. In a repurchase agreement, the Fund buys from the Seller investment-grade securities at one price and the Seller agrees to repurchase these securities at a later date (usually within one to seven days) for a price equal to the original price paid by the Fund plus an agreed interest payment (“Repurchase Price”). The Seller’s obligation to repurchase the securities is secured by cash, the securities purchased and/or certain U.S. Government securities or U.S. agency guaranteed securities (“Collateral”). The Collateral is held by the Fund’s custodian or a qualified subcustodian under the 1940 Act that is a financial intermediary (“Custodian”). The Advisor or Custodian will monitor, on an ongoing basis, the current market value of the Collateral to ensure it always equals or exceeds the Repurchase Price. Each repurchase agreement must at all times be “fully collateralized” by the Collateral as required by the 1940 Act. Repurchase agreements involve risks that the Seller cannot pay the Repurchase Price (e.g., in the event of a default or insolvency of the Seller) and risks that the net liquidation value of the Collateral is less than the amount needed to repay the Repurchase Price.

In addition, the Fund may invest in foreign repurchase agreements. Foreign repurchase agreements may include agreements to purchase and sell foreign securities in exchange for fixed U.S. dollar amounts, or in exchange for specified amounts of foreign currency. In the event of default by the counterparty, the Fund may suffer a loss if the value of the security purchased, i.e., the collateral, in U.S. dollars, is less than the agreed upon repurchase price, or if the Fund is unable to successfully assert a claim to the collateral under foreign laws. As a result, foreign repurchase agreements may involve greater credit risk than repurchase agreements in U.S. markets, as well as risks associated with currency fluctuations. Repurchase agreements with foreign counterparties may have more risk than with U.S. counterparties, since less financial information may be available about the foreign counterparties and they may be less creditworthy.

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R. Rule 144A Securities. The Fund may invest in Rule 144A securities that the Advisor determines to be liquid. Rule 144A allows a broader institutional trading market for securities otherwise subject to restriction on their resale to the general public. Rule 144A establishes a “safe harbor” from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act of resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. Rule 144A securities are not considered to be illiquid for purposes of the Fund’s illiquid securities policy, which prohibits the Fund from investing in illiquid securities, if such securities satisfy the conditions enumerated in Rule 144A and are determined to be liquid by the Advisor in accordance with the requirements established by the Trust. In determining the liquidity of such securities, the Advisor will consider, among other things, the following factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers and other potential purchasers or sellers of the security; (3) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security and (4) the nature of the security and of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of the transfer).

S. Short-Hold Trading Strategy. The Fund may have the opportunity to participate in the primary market for new issues offered by issuers and/or underwriters at prices the Fund’s manager(s) deem(s) favorable, based on factors such as the supply of bonds in the marketplace and economic conditions. In these situations, the Fund may decide to purchase these new security issues at the negotiated opening price, and shortly thereafter offer to sell all or a part of the Fund’s purchased allocation to third-party interested purchasers at a higher price, depending on market conditions. These short-term trades are only done when the Fund’s Advisor believes it is in the best interests of the Fund (e.g., realization of capital appreciation). Because the Fund is “at risk” for the purchased amount of these new issues, it is possible for the Fund to experience losses on these trades.

T. Sovereign Debt. Sovereign debt differs from debt obligations issued by private entities in that, generally, remedies for defaults must be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party. Legal recourse is therefore limited. Political conditions, especially a sovereign entity’s willingness to meet the terms of its debt obligations, are of considerable significance. Also, there can be no assurance that the holders of commercial bank loans to the same sovereign entity may not contest payments to the holders of sovereign debt in the event of default under commercial bank loan agreements.

A sovereign debtor’s willingness or ability to repay principal and pay interest in a timely manner may be affected by a variety of factors, including among others, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor’s policy toward principal international lenders and the political constraints to which a sovereign debtor may be subject. A country whose exports are concentrated in a few commodities could be vulnerable to a decline in the international price of such commodities. Increased protectionism on the part of a country’s trading partners, or political changes in those countries, could also adversely affect its exports. Such events could diminish a country’s trade account surplus, if any, or the credit standing of a particular local government or agency. Another factor bearing on the ability of a country to repay sovereign debt is the level of the country’s international reserves. Fluctuations in the level of these reserves can affect the amount of foreign exchange readily available for external debt payments and, thus, could have a bearing on the capacity of the country to make payments on its sovereign debt.

B-30

To the extent that a country has a current account deficit (generally when its exports of merchandise and services are less than its country’s imports of merchandise and services plus net transfers (e.g., gifts of currency and goods) to foreigners), it may need to depend on loans from foreign governments, multilateral organizations or private commercial banks, aid payments from foreign governments and inflows of foreign investment. The access of a country to these forms of external funding may not be certain, and a withdrawal of external funding could adversely affect the capacity of a government to make payments on its obligations. In addition, the cost of servicing debt obligations can be adversely affected by a change in international interest rates, since the majority of these obligations carry interest rates that are adjusted periodically based upon international rates.

With respect to sovereign debt of emerging market issuers, investors should be aware that certain emerging market countries are among the largest debtors to commercial banks and foreign governments. At times, certain emerging market countries have declared moratoria on the payment of principal and interest on external debt.

Certain emerging market countries have experienced difficulty in servicing their sovereign debt on a timely basis which led to defaults on certain obligations and the restructuring of certain indebtedness. Restructuring arrangements have included, among other things, reducing and rescheduling interest and principal payments by negotiating new or amended credit agreements or converting outstanding principal and unpaid interest to Brady Bonds (discussed below), and obtaining new credit to finance interest payments. Holders of sovereign debt, including the Fund, may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to sovereign debtors, and the interests of holders of sovereign debt could be adversely affected in the course of restructuring arrangements or by certain other factors referred to below. Furthermore, some of the participants in the secondary market for sovereign debt may also be directly involved in negotiating the terms of these arrangements and may therefore have access to information not available to other market participants, such as the Fund. Obligations arising from past restructuring agreements may affect the economic performance and political and social stability of certain issuers of sovereign debt. There is no bankruptcy proceeding by which sovereign debt on which a sovereign has defaulted may be collected in whole or in part.

Foreign investment in certain sovereign debt is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude foreign investment in such sovereign debt and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund. Certain countries in which the Fund may invest require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of the countries or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. Certain issuers may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. In addition, if a deterioration occurs in a country’s balance of payments, the country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments. Investing in local markets may require the Fund to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Fund.

The sovereign debt in which the Fund may invest includes Brady Bonds, which are securities issued under the framework of the Brady Plan, an initiative announced by former U.S. Treasury Secretary Nicholas F. Brady in 1989 as a mechanism for debtor nations to restructure their outstanding external commercial bank indebtedness. In restructuring its external debt under the Brady Plan framework, a debtor nation negotiates with its existing bank lenders as well as multilateral institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (“IMF”). The Brady Plan framework, as it has developed, contemplates the exchange of commercial bank debt for newly issued Brady Bonds. Brady Bonds may also be issued in respect of new money being advanced by existing lenders in connection with the debt restructuring. The World Bank and the IMF support the restructuring by providing funds pursuant to loan agreements or other arrangements which enable the debtor nation to collateralize the new Brady Bonds or to repurchase outstanding bank debt at a discount.

B-31

There can be no assurance that the circumstances regarding the issuance of Brady Bonds by these countries will not change. Investors should recognize that Brady Bonds do not have a long payment history. Agreements implemented under the Brady Plan to date are designed to achieve debt and debt-service reduction through specific options negotiated by a debtor nation with its creditors. As a result, the financial packages offered by each country differ. The types of options have included the exchange of outstanding commercial bank debt for bonds issued at 100% of face value of such debt, which carry a below-market stated rate of interest (generally known as par bonds), bonds issued at a discount from the face value of such debt (generally known as discount bonds), bonds bearing an interest rate which increases over time and bonds issued in exchange for the advancement of new money by existing lenders. Regardless of the stated face amount and stated interest rate of the various types of Brady Bonds, the Fund will purchase Brady Bonds, if any, in secondary markets, as described below, in which the price and yield to the investor reflect market conditions at the time of purchase.

Certain Brady Bonds have been collateralized as to principal due at maturity by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds with maturities equal to the final maturity of such Brady Bonds. Collateral purchases are financed by the IMF, the World Bank and the debtor nations’ reserves. In the event of a default with respect to collateralized Brady Bonds as a result of which the payment obligations of the issuer are accelerated, the U.S. Treasury zero coupon obligations held as collateral for the payment of principal will not be distributed to investors, nor will such obligations be sold and the proceeds distributed. The collateral will be held by the collateral agent to the scheduled maturity of the defaulted Brady Bonds, which will continue to be outstanding, at which time the face amount of the collateral will equal the principal payments which would have then been due on the Brady Bonds in the normal course. In addition, interest payments on certain types of Brady Bonds may be collateralized by cash or high grade securities in amounts that typically represent between 12 and 18 months of interest accruals on these instruments with the balance of the interest accruals being uncollateralized. Brady Bonds are often viewed as having several valuation components: (1) the collateralized repayment of principal, if any, at final maturity, (2) the collateralized interest payments, if any, (3) the uncollateralized interest payments and (4) any uncollateralized repayment of principal at maturity (these uncollateralized amounts constitute the “residual risk”). In light of the residual risk of Brady Bonds and, among other factors, the history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities of countries issuing Brady Bonds, investments in Brady Bonds have speculative characteristics. The Fund may purchase Brady Bonds with no or limited collateralization, and will be relying for payment of interest and (except in the case of principal collateralized Brady Bonds) principal primarily on the willingness and ability of the foreign government to make payment in accordance with the terms of the Brady Bonds. Brady Bonds issued to date are purchased and sold in secondary markets through U.S. securities dealers and other financial institutions and are generally maintained through European transnational securities depositories.

B-32

U. U.S Government Securities.

U.S. Government securities are issued by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities, including:

·  
U.S. Treasury obligations, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds;
·  
The Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration and the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), including GNMA pass-through certificates, whose securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States;
·  
The Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks and the Tennessee Valley Authority, whose securities are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S. Treasury;
·  
The Federal National Mortgage Association, whose securities are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and
·  
The Student Loan Marketing Association, the Inter-American Development Bank and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, whose securities are supported only by the credit of such agencies.

Although the U.S. Government provides various types of financial support to U.S. Government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it will always do so and not all U.S. Government securities are guaranteed or backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government and its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities. Consequently, the market value of such securities will fluctuate.

V. Variable- or Floating-Rate Securities. The Fund may invest in securities that offer a variable- or floating-rate of interest. Variable-rate securities provide for automatic establishment of a new interest rate at fixed intervals (e.g., daily, monthly, semi-annually, etc.). Floating-rate securities generally provide for automatic adjustment of the interest rate whenever some specified interest rate index changes. The interest rate on variable- or floating-rate securities is ordinarily determined by reference to or is a percentage of a bank’s prime rate, LIBOR, the 90-day U.S. Treasury bill rate, the rate of return on bank certificates of deposit or some other objective measure.

Variable- or floating-rate securities frequently include a put or demand feature entitling the holder to sell the securities to the issuer at par. In many cases, the demand feature can be exercised at any time on seven days’ notice; in other cases, the put or demand feature is exercisable at any time on 30 days’ notice or on similar notice at intervals of not more than one year. Some securities, which do not have variable or floating interest rates, may be accompanied by puts producing similar results and price characteristics. When considering the maturity of any instrument that may be sold or put to the issuer or a third party prior to its stated maturity, the Fund may consider that instrument’s maturity to be shorter than its stated maturity.

Variable-rate demand notes include master demand notes, which are obligations that permit the Fund to invest fluctuating amounts, that may change daily without penalty, pursuant to direct arrangements between the Fund, as lender, and the borrower. The interest rates on these notes fluctuate from time to time. The issuer of such obligations normally has a corresponding right, after a given period, to prepay in its discretion the outstanding principal amount of the obligations plus accrued interest upon a specified number of days’ notice to the holders of such obligations. The interest rate on a floating-rate demand obligation is based on a known lending rate, such as a bank’s prime rate or LIBOR, and is adjusted automatically each time such rate is adjusted. The interest rate on a variable-rate demand obligation is adjusted automatically at specified intervals. Frequently, such obligations are secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements provided by banks. Because these obligations are direct lending arrangements between the lender and borrower, it is not contemplated that such instruments will generally be traded and may be illiquid. There generally is not an established secondary market for these obligations, although they are redeemable at face value. Accordingly, where these obligations are not secured by letters of credit or other credit support arrangements, the Fund’s right to redeem is dependent on the ability of the borrower to pay principal and interest on demand. Such obligations frequently are not rated by credit rating agencies and, if not so rated, the Fund may invest in them only if the Advisor determines that at the time of investment the obligations are of comparable quality to the other obligations in which the Fund may invest. The Advisor, on behalf of the Fund, will consider on a periodic basis the creditworthiness of the issuers of the floating- and variable-rate demand obligations in the Fund’s portfolio and any providers of credit enhancements.

B-33

In determining the Fund’s average effective portfolio maturity, the Fund will consider a floating- or variable-rate security to have a maturity equal to its stated maturity (or redemption date if it has been called for redemption), except that it may consider (1) variable-rate securities to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the next readjustment in the interest rate, unless subject to a demand feature, (2) variable-rate securities subject to a demand feature to have a remaining maturity equal to the longer of (a) the next readjustment in the interest rate or (b) the period remaining until the principal can be recovered through demand and (3) floating-rate securities subject to a demand feature to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the principal can be recovered through demand. Variable- and floating-rate securities generally are subject to less principal fluctuation than securities without these attributes.

W. When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Securities. The Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis and such transactions represent a type of forward commitment by the Fund. The price of debt obligations so purchased, which may be expressed in yield terms, generally is fixed at the time the commitment to purchase is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. During the period between the purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the Fund to the issuer and no interest on the underlying debt obligations accrues to the Fund. These types of forward commitments involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to the settlement date. While when-issued and delayed-delivery securities may be sold prior to the settlement date, the Fund intends to purchase such securities with the purpose of actually acquiring them unless a sale appears desirable for investment reasons. At the time the Fund makes the commitment to purchase these types of securities, it will record the transaction and reflect the value of the security in determining its NAV. The Fund does not believe that its NAV will be adversely affected by these types of securities purchases.

To the extent required by the SEC, the Fund will maintain cash and liquid assets equal in value to the aggregate outstanding forward commitments for when-issued and delayed-delivery securities marked to market daily. Such designated securities either will mature or, if necessary, be sold on or before the settlement date. When the time comes to pay for when-issued or delayed-delivery securities, the Fund will meet its obligations from then-available cash flow, sale of the securities designated on its books and records, described above, sale of other securities or, although it would not normally expect to do so, from the sale of the when-issued or delayed-delivery securities themselves (which may have a market value greater or less than the Fund’s payment obligation).

B-34

Another type of forward commitment is for certain future pass-through, residential mortgage-backed pools which forward commitments are traded in the “to-be-announced” market (TBAs). TBAs are the Fund’s commitment to purchase one or more standardized, residential mortgage pools which will be placed in a pass-through mortgage-backed security issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or Ginnie Mae in the future. The residential mortgages in these pools all have common underwriting characteristics: they are residential mortgages with 15 to 30 year maturities, generally at a fixed rate, with monthly payments and no prepayment penalties and must be under a certain prescribed dollar limit. TBA settlement terms are commonly 90 days, but may extend to 180 days. TBAs are sold by mortgage originators during the process of originating residential mortgages and are a primary source of the funds needed by these mortgage loan originators. Certain key terms are specified at the time the TBA is purchased (mortgage type, mortgage issuer, required rate, dollar amount to be purchased, price and settlement date), but the exact identity and number of the mortgage pools to be covered by the TBA is only determined 48 hours before the settlement date. The Fund may hold and trade TBAs, and TBAs are included in the Fund’s NAV. TBAs are actively traded and the TBA market is very liquid. The price of most TBAs are ascertainable by market quotations. However, TBAs are still subject to the same risks as other forward commitments, and subject to the same leverage requirements as other forward commitments.

X. Zero-Coupon, Step-Coupon and Pay-In-Kind Securities. The Fund may invest in zero-coupon, step-coupon and pay-in-kind securities. These securities are debt securities that do not make regular cash interest payments. Zero-coupon and step-coupon securities are sold at a deep discount to their face value. Pay-in-kind securities pay interest through the issuance of additional securities. Because such securities do not pay current cash income, the price of these securities can be volatile when interest rates fluctuate. While these securities do not pay current cash income, federal income tax law requires the holders of zero-coupon, step-coupon and pay-in-kind securities to include in income each year the portion of the original issue discount (or deemed discount) and other non-cash income on such securities accruing that year. In order for the Fund to continue to qualify as a “regulated investment company” or “RIC” under the IRC and avoid a certain excise tax, the Fund may be required to distribute a portion of such discount and income to its shareholders. Consequently, the Fund may be required to dispose of other portfolio securities, which may occur in periods of adverse market prices, in order to generate cash to meet these IRC distribution requirements.

The U.S. Treasury Department creates STRIPS by separating the coupon payments and the principal payment from an outstanding Treasury security and selling them as individual securities. A broker-dealer creates a derivative zero by depositing a Treasury security with a custodian for safekeeping and then selling the coupon payments and principal payment that will be generated by this security separately. Examples are Certificates of Accrual on Treasury Securities (“CATs”), Treasury Investment Growth Receipts (“TIGRs”) and generic Treasury Receipts (“TRs”). These derivative zero coupon obligations are not considered to be government securities unless they are part of the STRIPS program. Original issue zeros are zero coupon securities issued directly by the U.S. government, a government agency or by a corporation.

Fundamental Investment Limitations
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the favorable vote of the holders of a “majority,” as defined in the 1940 Act, of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the “vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities” means the vote of the holders of the lesser of (1) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are represented or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.

B-35

The Fund may not:

 
1.
Borrow money, except (a) from a bank, provided that immediately after such borrowing there is an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings of the Fund; or (b) from a bank or other persons for temporary purposes only, provided that such temporary borrowings are in an amount not exceeding 5% of the Fund’s total assets at the time when the borrowing is made. (This limitation does not preclude the Fund from entering into reverse repurchase transactions, provided that the Fund has an asset coverage of 300% for all borrowings and repurchase commitments of the Fund pursuant to reverse repurchase transactions);

 
2.
Issue senior securities. (This limitation is not applicable to activities that may be deemed to involve the issuance or sale of a senior security by the Fund, provided that the Fund’s engagement in such activities is consistent with or permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or interpretations of the SEC or its staff);

 
3.
Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment portfolio);

 
4.
Invest more than 25% of its net assets, calculated at the time of purchase and taken at market value, in securities of issuers in any one industry (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities, or repurchase agreements with respect thereto);

 
5.
Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities which are secured by real estate and securities of companies that invest or deal in real estate);

 
6.
Purchase or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from engaging in transactions involving currencies and futures contracts and options thereon or investing in securities or other instruments that are secured by physical commodities;

 
7.
Make loans of money (except for the lending of its portfolio securities, purchases of debt securities consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and except for repurchase agreements); or

 
8.
With respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of its total assets in securities of a single issuer or hold more than 10% of the voting securities of such issuer. (Does not apply to investments in the securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.)

The following is a list of non-fundamental investment restrictions applicable to the Fund. These restrictions can be changed by the Board of Trustees, but the change will only be effective after notice is given to shareholders of the Fund.

B-36

The Fund may not:

1.  
Mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or in any manner transfer, as security for indebtedness, any assets of the Fund except as may be necessary in connection with borrowings described in fundamental restriction 1 above. (Margin deposits, security interests, liens and collateral arrangements with respect to transactions involving options, futures contracts, short sales and other permitted investments and techniques are not deemed to be a mortgage, pledge or hypothecation of assets for purposes of this limitation);

2.  
With respect to fundamental investment restriction 1 above, the Fund will not purchase portfolio securities while outstanding borrowings exceed 5% of its assets;

3.  
Purchase securities or evidences of interest thereon on “margin.” (This limitation is not applicable to short-term credit obtained by the Fund for the clearance of purchases and sales or redemption of securities, or to arrangements with respect to transactions involving options, futures contracts, short sales and other permitted investments and techniques);

4.  
Effect short sales of securities;

5.  
Purchase or sell puts, calls, options or straddles except as described in the Prospectus or this SAI; or

6.  
Invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets, taken at the time of investment, in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities are those securities without readily available market quotations, including repurchase agreements having a maturity of more than seven days. Illiquid securities may include restricted securities not determined by the Board of Trustees to be liquid, non-negotiable time deposits, over-the-counter options and repurchase agreements providing for settlement in more than seven days after notice.

Except with respect to borrowing, if a percentage or rating restriction on investment or use of assets set forth herein or in the Prospectus is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentage resulting from any cause other than actions by the Fund will not be considered a violation.

Management of the Fund 

Board of Trustees
The management and affairs of the Fund are supervised by the Board of Trustees. The Board of Trustees consists of three individuals. The trustees are fiduciaries for the Fund’s shareholders and are governed by the laws of the State of Delaware in this regard. The Board of Trustees establishes policies for the operation of the Fund and appoints the officers who conduct the daily business of the Fund. The trustees and the officers of the Trust are listed below with their addresses, present positions with the Trust and principal occupations over at least the last five years.

B-37


 

Name, Address and Age
Position(s) Held with
the Trust
Term of Office and Length of Time Served
Number of Portfolios in Trust Overseen by Trustee
Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years
Other Directorships Held by Trustee
 
Independent Trustees
 
   
Dr. Michael D. Akers
615 E. Michigan St.
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 51
 
Trustee
Indefinite Term; Since August 22, 2001
6
Professor of Accounting, Marquette University (2004-present); Associate Professor of Accounting, Marquette University (1996-2004).
Independent Trustee, MUTUALS.com (an open-end investment company with two portfolios).
Gary A. Drska
615 E. Michigan St.
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 49
Trustee
Indefinite Term; Since August 22, 2001
 
6
 
Captain, Midwest Airlines, Inc. (airline company) (2000-present); Director, Flight Standards & Training (July 1990-December 1999).
 
Independent Trustee, MUTUALS.com (an open-end investment company with two portfolios).
 

Interested Trustee and Officers
 
     
Joseph C. Neuberger*
615 E. Michigan St.
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 43
 
Chair-person, President and Treasurer/ Principal Accounting Officer and Trustee
 
Indefinite Term; Since August 22, 2001
 
6
 
Senior Vice President, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (1994-present).
 
Director/Trustee, Buffalo Funds (an open-end investment company with eight portfolios); Trustee, MUTUALS.com (an open-end investment company with two portfolios).
 
Kathleen Osland
615 Michigan St.
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 28
Chief Com-pliance Officer
Indefinite Term; Since August 1, 2006
 
N/A
 
Counsel, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (May 2005 - present); Associate Counsel Urban & Taylor, S.C. (2003-2005).
 
N/A
 
Rachel A. Spearo
615 Michigan St.
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Age: 27
Secretary
Indefinite Term; Since November 15, 2005
N/A
 
Counsel, U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (September 2004-present).
 
N/A
* Mr. Neuberger is an “interested person” of the Trust as defined by the 1940 Act. Mr. Neuberger is an interested person of the Trust by virtue of the fact that he is an interested person of the Fund’s principal underwriter, Quasar Distributors, LLC.

B-38

 
Trustee Ownership of Fund Shares
As of the date of this SAI, no Trustee, including the Trustees who are not “interested” persons of the Fund, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, beneficially owned shares of the Fund.

Name of Trustee
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund
(None, $1-$10,000, $10,001-$50,000, $50,001-$100,000, Over $100,000)
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in all Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies
 
Dr. Michael D. Akers, Independent Trustee
None
 
None
 
 
Gary A. Drska, Independent Trustee
None
 
None
 
 
Joseph C. Neuberger, Interested Trustee
None
 
None
 

Furthermore, neither the Trustees who are not “interested” persons of the Fund, nor members of their immediate family, own securities beneficially, or of record, in the Advisor or the Sub-Advisor, the Fund’s distributor or any of its affiliates. Accordingly, neither the Trustees who are not “interested” persons of the Fund nor members of their immediate family, have direct or indirect interest, the value of which exceeds $60,000, in the Advisor, the Fund’s distributor or any of its affiliates.

Control Persons and Principal Shareholders
A principal shareholder is any person who owns of record or beneficially owns 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund. A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of the Fund or acknowledges the existence of control. As of_______, 2006, no shareholders were considered to be either a control person or principal shareholder of the Fund:

Board Committees
Audit Committee. The Trust has an Audit Committee, which is comprised of the independent members of the Board of Trustees, Dr. Michael D. Akers and Mr. Gary A. Drska. The Audit Committee reviews financial statements and other audit-related matters for the Fund. The Audit Committee also holds discussions with management and with the Fund’s independent auditor concerning the scope of the audit and the auditor’s independence.

Nomination Committee. The Trust has a Nomination Committee, which is comprised of the independent members of the Board of Trustees, Dr. Michael D. Akers and Mr. Gary A. Drska. The Nomination Committee is responsible for seeking and reviewing candidates for consideration as nominees for the position of trustee and meets only as necessary. There are no policies in place regarding nominees recommended by shareholders.

Valuation Committee. The Trust has a Valuation Committee. The Valuation Committee is responsible for the following: (1) monitoring the valuation of Fund securities and other investments; and (2) as required, when the Board of Trustees is not in session, determining the fair value of illiquid securities and other holdings after consideration of all relevant factors, which determinations are reported to the Board. The Valuation Committee is currently comprised of Mr. Neuberger and Ms. Josie R. Hollmann, an officer of the Trust. The Valuation Committee meets as necessary when a price is not readily available.

B-39

As the Fund is new, none of the Trust’s Committees have met with respect to the Fund.

Trustee Compensation
For their service as trustees, the independent trustees will receive a retainer fee of $6,000 per year and $1,000 per board meeting, as well as reimbursement for expenses incurred in connection with attendance at board meetings. Interested trustees do not receive any compensation for their service as trustees. Because the Fund has recently commenced operations, the following compensation figures represent estimates for the current fiscal year ending ______, 2007:

Name of Person/Position
Aggregate Compensation From the Fund1
Pension or Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of Fund Expenses
Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement
Total Compensation from Fund and Fund Complex2 Paid to Trustees
Dr. Michael D. Akers, Trustee
 
$_____
None
None
$_____
Gary A. Drska, Trustee
 
$_____
None
None
$_____
Joseph C. Neuberger, Trustee
 
None
None
None
None
1   Estimated for the fiscal year ended _____, 2007.
2   There are currently eight other portfolios comprising the Trust. The term “Fund Complex” applies only to the Fund. For informational purposes, however, these figures represent payments from the entire Trust based on estimates for the current fiscal year ending _____, 2007.
 
Investment Advisor
The Fund’s Advisor is Leader Capital Corp., 121 SW Morrison Street, Suite 425, Portland, OR 97204. John E. Lekas, president of the Advisor, is the controlling shareholder of the Advisor. The Advisor is 100% employee-owned. Under the terms of the Investment Advisory Agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Advisor manages the Fund’s investments subject to approval of the Board of Trustees. As compensation for its management services, the Fund is obligated to pay the Advisor a fee computed and accrued daily and paid monthly at an annual rate of 1.10% of the average daily net assets of the Fund. The Advisor contractually has agreed to waive its fee and reimburse the Fund’s expenses so that its total annual Fund operating expenses, excluding brokerage fees and commissions, 12b-1 fees,, taxes and extraordinary expenses, do not exceed 1.40% of the average daily net assets of the Fund, through _______, 200_.

Fund Expenses. The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. The Advisor has contractually agreed to reduce fees payable to it by the Fund and/or to pay Fund operating expenses to the extent necessary to limit the Fund’s aggregate annual operating expenses (excluding interest and tax expenses) to the limit set forth in the “Expense Table” of the Prospectus. Any such reductions made by the Advisor in its fees or payment of expenses which are the Fund’s obligation are subject to reimbursement by the Fund to the Advisor, if so requested by the Advisor, in subsequent fiscal years if the aggregate amount actually paid by the Fund toward the operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. The Advisor is permitted to be reimbursed only for fee reductions and expense payments made in the previous three fiscal years from the date the expense was incurred. Any such reimbursement is also contingent upon the Board of Trustees’ subsequent review and ratification of the reimbursed amounts. Such reimbursement may not be paid prior to the Fund’s payment of current ordinary operating expenses.

B-40

The Advisor retains the right to use the name “Leader” in connection with another investment company or business enterprise with which the Advisor is or may become associated. The Trust’s right to use the name “Leader” automatically ceases 90 days after termination of the Agreement and may be withdrawn by the Advisor on 90 days written notice.

The Advisor may make payments to banks or other financial institutions that provide shareholder services and administer shareholder accounts. If a bank or other financial institution were prohibited from continuing to perform all or a part of such services, management of the Fund believes that there would be no material impact on the Fund or its shareholders. Banks and other financial institutions may charge their customers fees for offering these services to the extent permitted by applicable regulatory authorities, and the overall return to those shareholders availing themselves of the bank services will be lower than to those shareholders who do not. The Fund may from time to time purchase securities issued by banks and other financial institutions which provide such services; however, in selecting investments for the Fund, no preference will be shown for such securities.

Portfolio Manager
John E. Lekas serves as the sole Portfolio Manager for the Fund and, as such, is primarily responsible for making all investment decisions of the Fund (“Portfolio Manager”). As of March 31, 2006, the Portfolio Manager was responsible for the management of the following types of accounts:

 
 
 
Category of Account
 
 
Total Number of Accounts Managed
 
 
Total Assets in Accounts Managed
Number of Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance
Assets in Accounts for which Advisory Fee is Based on Performance
Other Registered Investment Companies
 
0
 
$0
 
0
 
$0
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
0
$0
0
$0
Other Accounts
188
$41 Million
34
$3 Million

The Portfolio Manager is compensated for his services by the Advisor. The Portfolio Manager’s compensation consists of a base salary.  Additionally, the Portfolio Manager receives an annual discretionary bonus based on the Advisor’s profits. Although the Portfolio Manager’s compensation is not tied to the performance of any private client account, the Advisor receives a performance fee with respect to certain private retail accounts. The Advisor charges performance fees on the pre-tax profits of certain private accounts over a twelve-month period compared to the account’s high water mark. The high water mark is the opening value of the account, or, if the account has grown in value, the highest account value at the end of any previous twelve-month period. The performance fees may create a potential conflict of interest by providing an incentive for the Advisor to allocate more volatile securities with greater capital appreciation opportunity to the retail accounts with the performance fees rather than to the Fund.

B-41

As of March 31, 2006, the Portfolio Manager’s ownership of the Predecessor Fund was as follows:

 
 
Portfolio Manager
 
Dollar Range of Shares Owned
John E. Lekas
$100,001-$500,000

To the extent that the Fund and another of the Advisor’s clients seek to acquire the same security at about the same time, the Fund may not be able to acquire as large a position in such security as it desires or it may have to pay a higher price for the security. Similarly, the Fund may not be able to obtain as large an execution of an order to sell or as high a price for any particular portfolio security if the other client desires to sell the same portfolio security at the same time. On the other hand, if the same securities are bought or sold at the same time by more than one client, the resulting participation in volume transactions could produce better executions for the Fund. In the event that more than one client wants to purchase or sell the same security on a given date, the purchases and sales will normally be made by random client selection.

Service Providers
Pursuant to an Administration Agreement (the “Administration Agreement”), U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202 (the “Administrator”), acts as administrator for the Fund. The Administrator provides certain administrative services to the Fund, including, among other responsibilities, coordinating the negotiation of contracts and fees with, and the monitoring of performance and billing of, the Fund’s independent contractors and agents; preparation for signature by an officer of the Trust of all documents required to be filed for compliance by the Trust and the Fund with applicable laws and regulations excluding those of the securities laws of various states; arranging for the computation of performance data, including NAV and yield; responding to shareholder inquiries and arranging for the maintenance of books and records of the Fund, and providing, at its own expense, office facilities, equipment and personnel necessary to carry out its duties. In this capacity, the Administrator does not have any responsibility or authority for the management of the Fund, the determination of investment policy or for any matter pertaining to the distribution of Fund shares. Pursuant to the Administration Agreement, for its services, the Administrator receives from the Fund _____% of average net assets on the first $_____ of Fund assets, ____% of average net assets on the next $_____ and ____% of average net assets on the balance, all subject to an annual minimum fee of $____. The Administrator also acts as fund accountant, transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent under separate agreements.

U.S. Bank, N.A., an affiliate of U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC, is the custodian of the assets of the Fund pursuant to a custody agreement between the Custodian and the Trust, whereby the Custodian charges fees on a transactional basis plus out-of-pocket expenses. The Custodian’s address is 1555 N. RiverCenter Drive, Suite 302, Milwaukee, WI 53212. The Custodian does not participate in decisions relating to the purchase and sale of securities by the Fund.

Legal Counsel
Godfrey & Kahn, S.C., 780 North Water Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202 serves as counsel to the Trust and the Fund.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 
Deloitte & Touche, LLP, 555 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202 has been selected as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Fund.

B-42

Distribution of Fund Shares
The Trust has entered into a Distribution Agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with Quasar Distributors, LLC, 615 E. Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202 (the “Distributor”), pursuant to which the Distributor acts as the Fund’s principal underwriter, provides certain administration services and promotes and arranges for the sale of the Fund’s shares. The offering of the Fund’s shares is continuous. The Distributor, the Administrator and the Custodian are affiliated companies. The Distributor is a registered broker-dealer and member of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (“NASD”).

The Distribution Agreement has an initial term of up to two years and will continue in effect only if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities and, in either case, by a majority of the trustees who are not parties to the Distribution Agreement or “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of the Fund on 60 days’ written notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the Fund’s shareholders or by vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the trustees who are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust, or by the Distributor on 60 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its “assignment” (as defined in the 1940 Act).
 
12b-1 Distribution Plan
As noted in the Prospectus, the Fund has adopted a distribution plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Distribution Plan”) on behalf of the Fund. Under the Distribution Plan, the Fund pays a fee to the Distributor for distribution services (the “Distribution Fee”) at an annual rate of 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. The Distribution Plan provides that the Distributor may use all or any portion of such Distribution Fee to finance any activity that is principally intended to result in the sale of Fund shares, subject to the terms of the Distribution Plan, or to provide certain shareholder services.

The Distribution Fee is payable to the Distributor regardless of the distribution-related expenses actually incurred. Because the Distribution Fee is not directly tied to expenses, the amount of distribution fees paid by the Fund during any year may be more or less than actual expenses incurred pursuant to the Distribution Plan. For this reason, this type of distribution fee arrangement is characterized by the staff of the SEC as a “compensation” plan.

The Distributor may use the Distribution Fee to pay for services covered by the Distribution Plan including, but not limited to, advertising, compensating underwriters, dealers and selling personnel engaged in the distribution of Fund shares, the printing and mailing of prospectuses, statements of additional information and reports to other than current Fund shareholders, the printing and mailing of sales literature pertaining to the Fund and obtaining whatever information, analyses and reports with respect to marketing and promotional activities that the Fund may, from time to time, deem advisable.

The Distribution Plan provides that it will continue from year to year upon approval by the majority vote of the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act, and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Distribution Plan or in any agreement related to such plan (the “Qualified Trustees”), as required by the 1940 Act, currently cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose. It is also required that the trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Fund select and nominate all other trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Fund. The Distribution Plan and any related agreements may not be amended to materially increase the amounts to be spent for distribution expenses without approval of shareholders holding a majority of the Fund shares outstanding. All material amendments to the Distribution Plan or any related agreements must be approved by a vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees and the Qualified Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on any such amendment.

B-43

The Distribution Plan requires that the Distributor provide to the Board of Trustees, at least quarterly, a written report on the amounts and purpose of any payment made under the Distribution Plan. The Distributor is also required to furnish the Board of Trustees with such other information as may reasonably be requested in order to enable the Board of Trustees to make an informed determination of whether the Distribution Plan should be continued. With the exception of the Advisor, no “interested person” of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act, and no Qualified Trustee of the Fund has or had a direct or indirect financial interest in the Distribution Plan or any related agreement.

As noted above, the Distribution Plan provides for the ability to use Fund assets to pay financial intermediaries (including those that sponsor mutual fund supermarkets), plan administrators and other service providers to finance any activity that is principally intended to result in the sale of Fund shares (distribution services). The payments made by the Fund to these financial intermediaries are based primarily on the dollar amount of assets invested in the Fund through the financial intermediaries. These financial intermediaries may pay a portion of the payments that they receive from the Fund to their investment professionals. In addition to the ongoing asset-based fees paid to these financial intermediaries under the Fund’s Distribution Plan, the Fund may, from time to time, make payments under the Distribution Plan that help defray the expenses incurred by these intermediaries for conducting training and educational meetings about various aspects of the Fund for their employees. In addition, the Fund may make payments under the Distribution Plan for exhibition space and otherwise help defray the expenses these financial intermediaries incur in hosting client seminars where the Fund is discussed.

To the extent these asset-based fees and other payments made under the Distribution Plan to these financial intermediaries for the distribution services they provide to the Fund’s shareholders exceed the Distribution Fees available, these payments are made by the Advisor from its own resources, which may include its profits from the advisory fee it receives from the Fund. In addition, the Fund may participate in various “fund supermarkets” in which a mutual fund supermarket sponsor (usually a broker-dealer) offers many mutual funds to the sponsor’s customers without charging the customers a sales charge. In connection with its participation in such platforms, the Advisor may use all or a portion of the Distribution Fee to pay one or more supermarket sponsors a negotiated fee for distributing the Fund’s shares. In addition, in its discretion, the Advisor may pay additional fees to such intermediaries from its own assets.

Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor determines which securities are to be purchased and sold by the Fund and which broker-dealers are eligible to execute the Fund’s portfolio transactions. Purchases and sales of securities in the OTC market will generally be executed directly with a “market-maker” unless, in the opinion of the Advisor, a better price and execution can otherwise be obtained by using a broker for the transaction.

Purchases of portfolio securities for the Fund also may be made directly from issuers or from underwriters. Where possible, purchase and sale transactions will be effected through dealers (including banks) that specialize in the types of securities that the Fund will be holding, unless better executions are available elsewhere. Dealers and underwriters usually act as principal for their own accounts. Purchases from underwriters will include a concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter and purchases from dealers will include the spread between the bid and the asked price. If the execution and price offered by more than one dealer or underwriter are comparable, the order may be allocated to a dealer or underwriter that has provided research or other services as discussed below.

B-44

In placing portfolio transactions, the Advisor will use reasonable efforts to choose broker-dealers capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the most favorable price and execution available. The full range and quality of services available will be considered in making these determinations, such as the size of the order, the difficulty of execution, the operational facilities of the firm involved, the firm’s risk in positioning a block of securities and other factors. In those instances where it is reasonably determined that more than one broker-dealer can offer the services needed to obtain the most favorable price and execution available, consideration may be given to those broker-dealers that furnish or supply research and statistical information to the Advisor that it may lawfully and appropriately use in its investment advisory capacities, as well as provide other services in addition to execution services. The Advisor considers such information, which is in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by it under its Advisory Agreement with the Fund, to be useful in varying degrees, but of indeterminable value.

While it is the Fund’s general policy to first seek to obtain the most favorable price and execution available in selecting a broker-dealer to execute portfolio transactions for the Fund, weight is also given to the ability of a broker-dealer to furnish brokerage and research services to the Fund or to the Advisor, even if the specific services are not directly useful to the Fund and may be useful to the Advisor in advising other clients. In negotiating commissions with a broker to be paid to a dealer, the Fund may therefore pay a higher commission than would be the case if no weight were given to the furnishing of these supplemental services, provided that the amount of such commission has been determined in good faith by the Advisor to be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and/or research services provided by such broker-dealer. The standard of reasonableness is to be measured in light of the Advisor’s overall responsibilities to the Fund.

Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other client accounts. Nevertheless, it is possible that at times identical securities will be acceptable for both the Fund and one or more of such client accounts. In such event, the position of the Fund and such client account(s) in the same issuer may vary and the length of time that each may choose to hold its investment in the same issuer may likewise vary. However, to the extent any of these client accounts seek to acquire the same security as the Fund at the same time, the Fund may not be able to acquire as large a portion of such security as it desires, or it may have to pay a higher price or obtain a lower yield for such security. Similarly, the Fund may not be able to obtain as high a price for, or as large an execution of, an order to sell any particular security at the same time. If one or more of such client accounts simultaneously purchases or sells the same security that the Fund is purchasing or selling, each day’s transactions in such security will be allocated between the Fund and all such client accounts in a manner deemed equitable by the Advisor, taking into account the respective sizes of the accounts and the amount being purchased or sold. It is recognized that in some cases this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or value of the security insofar as the Fund is concerned. In other cases, however, it is believed that the ability of the Fund to participate in volume transactions may produce better executions for such Fund. Notwithstanding the above, the Advisor may execute buy and sell orders for accounts and take action in performance of its duties with respect to any of its accounts that may differ from actions taken with respect to another account, so long as the Advisor shall, to the extent practical, allocate investment opportunities to accounts, including the Fund, over a period of time on a fair and equitable basis and in accordance with applicable law.

B-45

The Trust is required to identify any securities of its “regular brokers or dealers” that the Fund has acquired during its most recent fiscal year. As the Fund is new, no such securities had been acquired by the Fund as of the date of the SAI.

Portfolio Turnover
Although the Fund generally will not invest for short-term trading purposes, portfolio securities may be sold without regard to the length of time they have been held when, in the opinion of the Advisor, investment considerations warrant such action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing (1) the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by (2) the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities owned during the fiscal year. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all the securities in a Fund’s portfolio, with the exception of securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less, were sold and either repurchased or replaced within one year. A high rate of portfolio turnover (100% or more) generally leads to transaction costs and may result in a greater number of taxable transactions.

Code of Ethics
The Fund, the Advisor and the Distributor have each adopted Codes of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. These Codes permit, subject to certain conditions, personnel of the Advisor and Distributor to invest in securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund.

Proxy Voting Procedures
The Board of Trustees has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures (“Proxy Policies”) wherein the Trust has delegated to the Advisor the responsibility for voting proxies relating to portfolio securities held by the Fund as part of its investment advisory services, subject to the supervision and oversight of the Board. The Advisor has also adopted the Proxy Policies, which are attached as Appendix A to this SAI. Notwithstanding this delegation of responsibilities, however, the Fund retains the right to vote proxies relating to its portfolio securities. The fundamental purpose of the Proxy Policies is to ensure that each vote will be in a manner that reflects the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders, taking into account the value of the Fund’s investments.

The actual voting records relating to portfolio securities during the 12-month period ended June 30 will be available without charge, upon request, by calling toll-free, ___________ or by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program 
The Trust has established an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program (the “Program”) as required by the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA PATRIOT Act”). To ensure compliance with this law, the Trust’s Program provides for the development of internal practices, procedures and controls, designation of anti-money laundering compliance officers, an ongoing training program and an independent audit function to determine the effectiveness of the Program.

Procedures to implement the Program include, but are not limited to, determining that the Distributor and the Fund’s transfer agent have established proper anti-money laundering procedures, reporting suspicious and/or fraudulent activity and a complete and thorough review of all new opening account applications. The Fund will not transact business with any person or entity whose identity cannot be adequately verified under the provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act.

As a result of the Program, the Fund may be required to “freeze” the account of a shareholder if the shareholder appears to be involved in suspicious activity or if certain account information matches information on government lists of known terrorists or other suspicious persons, or the Fund may be required to transfer the account or proceeds of the account to a governmental agency.

B-46

Portfolio Holdings Information
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has adopted portfolio holdings disclosure policies (“Portfolio Holdings Policies”) that govern the timing and circumstances of disclosure of portfolio holdings of the Fund. The Advisor has also adopted the Portfolio Holdings Policies. Information about the Fund’s portfolio holdings will not be distributed to any third party except in accordance with these Portfolio Holdings Policies. The Advisor and the Board of Trustees considered the circumstances under which the Fund’s portfolio holdings may be disclosed under the Portfolio Holdings Policies. The Advisor and the Board of Trustees also considered actual and potential material conflicts that could arise in such circumstances between the interests of the Fund’s shareholders and the interests of the Advisor, Distributor or any other affiliated person of the Fund. After due consideration, the Advisor and the Board of Trustees determined that the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for disclosing portfolio holdings to persons described in the Portfolio Holdings Policies. The Board of Trustees also authorized the Advisor or appointed officers to consider and authorize dissemination of portfolio holdings information to additional parties, after considering the best interests of the shareholders and potential conflicts of interest in making such disclosures.

The Board of Trustees exercises continuing oversight of the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings by (1) overseeing the implementation and enforcement of the Portfolio Holdings Policies, codes of ethics and other relevant policies of the Fund and its service providers by the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (the “CCO”), (2) by considering reports and recommendations by the CCO concerning any material compliance matters (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act) and (3) by considering to approve any amendment to these Portfolio Holdings Policies. The Board of Trustees reserves the right to amend the Portfolio Holdings Policies at any time without prior notice in its sole discretion.

Disclosure of the Fund’s complete holdings is required to be made quarterly within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter, in the annual and semi-annual reports to Fund shareholders, and in the quarterly holdings report on Form N-Q. These reports are available, free of charge, on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

The Advisor may not receive compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about Fund portfolio securities. In the event of a conflict between the interests of the Fund and the interests of the Advisor or an affiliated person of the Advisor, the Chief Compliance Officer of the Advisor, in consultation with the Trust’s CCO, shall make a determination in the best interests of the Fund, and shall report such determination to the Board of Trustees at the end of the quarter in which such determination was made. Any employee of the Advisor who suspects a breach of this obligation must report the matter immediately to the Advisor’s Chief Compliance Officer or to his or her supervisor.

In addition, material non-public holdings information may be provided without lag as part of the normal investment activities of the Fund to each of the following entities which, by explicit agreement or by virtue of their respective duties to the Fund, are required to maintain the confidentiality of the information disclosed: the Administrator, the Fund’s accountant, the Custodian, the Fund’s transfer agent, the Fund’s independent auditor, counsel to the Fund or the trustees (current parties are identified in this SAI), broker-dealers (in connection with the purchase or sale of securities or requests for price quotations or bids on one or more securities) and regulatory authorities. Portfolio holdings information not publicly available with the SEC may only be provided to additional third parties, in accordance with the Portfolio Holdings Policies, when the Fund has a legitimate business purpose, and the third party recipient is subject to a confidentiality agreement. Portfolio holdings information posted on the Fund’s website may be separately provided to any person, including rating and ranking organizations such as Lipper and Morningstar, at the same time that it is filed with the SEC or after it is first published on the Fund’s website. Portfolio holdings disclosure may be approved under the Portfolio Holdings Policies by the Trust’s CCO, Treasurer or President.

B-47

In no event shall the Advisor, its affiliates or employees or the Fund receive any direct or indirect compensation in connection with the disclosure of information about a Fund’s portfolio holdings.

There can be no assurance that the Portfolio Holdings Policies and these procedures will protect the Fund from potential misuse of that information by individuals or entities to which it is disclosed.
 
Determination of Net Asset Value
The NAV of the Fund’s shares will fluctuate and is determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) each business day. The NYSE annually announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent announcement indicates that it will not be open on the following days: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However, the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.

The NAV per share is computed by dividing the value of the securities held by the Fund plus any cash or other assets minus all liabilities by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such time.
 
Net Assets
 
=
 
Net Asset Value Per Share
Shares Outstanding
     

Generally, the Fund’s investments are valued at market value or, in the absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the Advisor and the Trust’s Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by or under the direction of the Board of Trustees.

The Fund’s securities, including ADRs, which are traded on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between the last available bid and asked price.

Securities that are traded on more than one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the primary market.

Debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60 days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.

An option that is written by the Fund is generally valued at the last sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the average of the quoted bid and asked prices. An option that is purchased by the Fund is generally valued at the last sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the average of the quoted bid and asked prices. If an options exchange closes after the time at which the Fund’s NAV is calculated, the last sale or last bid and asked prices as of that time will be used to calculate the NAV.

B-48

All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board of Trustees in good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.

Purchase and Redemption of Fund Shares
Detailed information on the purchase and redemption of shares is included in the Prospectus.

Purchase of Shares
Shares of the Fund are sold in a continuous offering and may be purchased on any business day through authorized investment dealers or directly from the Fund. The Fund may authorize one or more brokers to accept purchase orders on a shareholder’s behalf. Brokers are authorized to designate intermediaries to accept orders on the Fund’s behalf. An order is deemed to be received when an authorized broker or agent accepts the order. Orders will be processed at the Fund’s next computed price after they are accepted by an authorized broker or agent.

Orders received by dealers other than authorized brokers or agents by the close of trading on the NYSE on a business day that are transmitted to the Fund by 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on that day will be effected at the applicable price per share determined as of the close of trading on the NYSE on that day. Otherwise, the orders will be processed at the next determined price. It is the dealer’s responsibility to transmit orders so that they will be received by the Fund before 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time.

Redemption of Shares
To redeem shares, shareholders may send a written request in “good order” to:

Leader Short-Term Bond Fund
c/o U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
P.O. Box 701
Milwaukee, WI 53201-0701
(___) ___-_____

A written request in “good order” to redeem shares must include:

·  
The shareholder’s name;
·  
The name of the Fund;
·  
The account number;
·  
The share or dollar amount to be redeemed; and
·  
Signatures by all shareholders on the account (with signature(s) guaranteed if applicable).

Redemption proceeds will be sent to the address of record. If the redemption proceeds are requested to be sent to an address other than the address of record, or if the address of record has been changed within 15 days of the redemption request, the request must be in writing with your signature guaranteed. Signature guarantees can be obtained from banks and securities dealers, but not from a notary public. The Fund will not be responsible for interest lost on redemption amounts due to lost or misdirected mail.

B-49

A signature guarantee of each owner is required in the following situations:

·  
If ownership is changed on your account;
·  
When redemption proceeds are sent to a different address than that registered on the account;
·  
If the proceeds are to be made payable to someone other than the account’s owner(s);
·  
Any redemption transmitted by federal wire transfer to a bank other than the bank of record;
·  
If a change of address request has been received by the Fund’s transfer agent within the last 15 days;
·  
For all written redemptions in excess of $100,000 from any shareholder account;
·  
When adding the telephone redemption option to an existing account; or
·  
When changing any pre-determined bank information, including AIP banks.

The Fund does not accept signatures authenticated by a notary public.

The Fund and its transfer agent have adopted standards for accepting signature guarantees from the above institutions. The Fund may elect in the future to limit eligible signature guarantors to institutions that are members of a signature guarantee program. The Fund and its transfer agent reserve the right to amend these standards at any time without notice.

Redemption In-Kind
The Fund does not intend to redeem shares in any form except cash. The Trust, however, has filed a notice of election under Rule 18f-1 of the 1940 Act that allows the Fund to redeem in-kind redemption requests of a certain amount. Specifically, if the amount you are redeeming during any 90-day period is in excess of the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of the Fund, valued at the beginning of such period, the Fund has the right to redeem your shares by giving you the amount that exceeds $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of the Fund in securities instead of cash. If the Fund pays your redemption proceeds by a distribution of securities, you could incur brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash, and will bear any market risks associated with such securities until they are converted into cash.

Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers

Right of Accumulation. You may combine your current purchase Fund shares with other existing shares currently owned for the purpose of qualifying for the lower initial sales charge rates that apply to larger purchases. The applicable sales charge for the new purchase is based on the total of your current purchase and the current NAV of all other shares you own at the financial intermediary at which you are making the current purchase. You may not aggregate shares held at different fianancial intermediaries. If the current purchase is made directly through the Fund’s transfer agent, only those shares held directly at the transfer agent may apply toward the right of accumulation. You may aggregate shares that you own, and that are currently owned by family members including spouses, minor children or parents. Shares held in the name of a nominee or custodian under pension, profit sharing or employee benefit plans may not be combined with other shares to qualify for the right of accumulation. You must notify the Fund’s transfer agent or your financial intermediary at the time of purchase in order for the right of accumulation to apply. The Fund reserves the right to modify or terminate this right at any time.

Letter of Intent. By signing a Letter of Intent (LOI) you can reduce your sales charge. Your individual purchases will be made at the applicable sales charge based on the amount you intend to invest over a six-month period. The LOI will apply to all purchases of Fund shares. Any shares purchased within 90 days of the date you sign the letter of intent may be used as credit toward completion, but the reduced sales charge will only apply to new purchases made on or after that date. Purchases resulting from the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains do not apply toward fulfillment of the LOI. Shares equal to 5% of the amount of the LOI will be held in escrow during the six-month period. If, at the end of that time the total amount of purchases made is less than the amount intended, you will be required to pay the difference between the reduced sales charge and the sales charge applicable to the individual purchases had the LOI not been in effect. This amount will be obtained from redemption of the escrow shares. Any remaining escrow shares will be released to you.

B-50

Sales Charge Waivers. Sales charges for Fund shares may be waived under certain circumstances for some investors or for certain payments. You will not have to pay a sales charge on purchases of Fund shares if you are any of the following persons:

·  
any affiliate of the Advisor or any of its or the Fund’s officers, directors, employees or retirees;
 
·  
initial purchases by shareholders who become shareholders of the Fund, subject to the terms of an agreement and plan of reorganization which permits such shareholders to acquire Fund shares at NAV;
 
·  
registered representatives of any broker-dealer authorized to sell Fund shares, subject to the internal policies and procedures of the broker-dealer;
 
·  
members of the immediate families of any of the foregoing (i.e., parent, child, spouse, domestic partner, sibling, step or adopted relationships, grandparent, grandchild and UTMA accounts naming qualifying persons);
 
·  
fee-based registered investment advisers, financial planners, bank trust departments or registered broker-dealers who are purchasing shares on behalf of their customers;
 
·  
retirement (not including IRA accounts) and deferred compensation plans and the trusts used to fund such plans (including, but not limited to, those defined in Sections 401(k), 403(b) and 457 of the Internal Revenue Code and “rabbi trusts”), for which an affiliate of the Advisor acts as trustee or administrator;
 
·  
401(k), 403(b), 457 plans and profit sharing and pension plans that invest $1 million or more or have more than 100 participants;

·  
shares purchased by individuals on certain accounts under investment programs managed by the Advisor.

Tax Matters
Each series of the Trust is treated as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes. The Fund, as a series of the Trust, intends to qualify and elect to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as amended (the “Code”), provided it complies with all applicable requirements regarding the source of its income, diversification of its assets and timing of distributions. The Fund’s policy is to distribute to its shareholders all of its investment company taxable income and any net realized long-term capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to any federal income or excise taxes. To comply with the requirements, generally the Fund must distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) by December 31 of each calendar year (i) at least 98% of its ordinary income for such year, (ii) at least 98% of the excess of its realized capital gains over its realized capital losses for the 12-month period ending on October 31 during such year and (iii) any amounts from the prior calendar year that were not distributed and on which the Fund paid no federal income tax.

B-51

Net investment income generally consists of interest, dividends and short-term capital gains, less expenses. Net realized capital gains for a fiscal period are computed by taking into account any capital loss carryforward of the Fund.

Distributions of net investment income are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In the case of corporate shareholders, a portion of the distributions may qualify for the intercorporate dividends-received deduction to the extent the Fund designates the amount distributed as a qualifying dividend. This designated amount cannot, however, exceed the aggregate amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund for its taxable year. In view of the Fund’s investment policies, it is expected that dividends from domestic corporations will be part of the Fund’s gross income and that, accordingly, part of the distributions by the Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders. However, the portion of the Fund’s gross income attributable to qualifying dividends is largely dependent on the Fund’s investment activities for a particular year and therefore cannot be predicted with any certainty. The deduction may be reduced or eliminated if the Fund shares held by a corporate investor are treated as debt-financed or are held for less than 46 days.

Any long-term capital gain distributions are taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains regardless of the length of time shares have been held. Capital gains distributions are not eligible for the dividends-received deduction referred to in the previous paragraph.

Distributions of any net investment income and net realized long-term capital gains will be taxable as described above, whether received in shares or in cash. Shareholders who choose to receive distributions in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the NAV of a share on the reinvestment date. Distributions are generally taxable when received.  However, distributions declared in October, November or December to shareholders of record on a date in such a month and paid the following January are taxable as if received on December 31. Distributions are includable in alternative minimum taxable income in computing a shareholder’s liability for the alternative minimum tax.

A redemption of Fund shares may result in recognition of a taxable gain or loss. Any loss realized upon a redemption of shares within six months from the date of their purchase will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions of long-term capital gains during such six-month period. Any loss realized upon a redemption may be disallowed under certain wash sale rules to the extent shares of the same Fund are purchased (through reinvestment of distributions or otherwise) within 30 days before or after the redemption.

Under the Code, the Fund will be required to report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) all distributions of taxable income and capital gains as well as gross proceeds from the redemption of Fund shares, except in the case of exempt shareholders, which includes most corporations. Pursuant to the backup withholding provisions of the Code, distributions of any taxable income and capital gains and proceeds from the redemption of Fund shares may be subject to withholding of federal income tax in the case of non-exempt shareholders who fail to furnish the Fund with their taxpayer identification numbers and with required certifications regarding their status under the federal income tax law. If the withholding provisions are applicable, any such distributions and proceeds, whether taken in cash or reinvested in additional shares, will be reduced by the amounts required to be withheld. Corporate and other exempt shareholders should provide the Fund with their taxpayer identification numbers or certify their exempt status in order to avoid possible erroneous application of backup withholding. The Fund reserves the right to refuse to open an account for any person failing to provide a certified taxpayer identification number.

B-52

The foregoing discussion of U.S. federal income tax law relates solely to the application of that law to U.S. citizens or residents and U.S. domestic corporations, partnerships, trusts and estates. Each shareholder who is not a U.S. person should consider the U.S. and foreign tax consequences of ownership of shares of the Fund, including the possibility that such a shareholder may be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 30% (or at a lower rate under an applicable income tax treaty) on amounts constituting ordinary income.

This discussion and the related discussion in the Prospectus have been prepared by Fund management, and counsel to the Fund has expressed no opinion in respect thereof.

Distributions
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred in its operations, is the Fund’s net investment income, substantially all of which will be distributed to the Fund’s shareholders.

The amount of the Fund’s distributions is dependent upon the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board of Trustees. The Fund does not pay “interest” or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an investment in its shares.

The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund may realize from transactions involving investments held less than the period required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any carryover of capital losses from the eight previous taxable years), although a distribution from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of the distributions of net investment income giving rise to ordinary income. If during any year the Fund realizes a net gain on transactions involving investments held for the period required for long-term gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing long-term capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital gain. After deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the balance (to the extent not offset by any capital losses carried over from the eight previous taxable years) will be distributed and treated as long-term capital gains in the hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time the Fund’s shares may have been held by the shareholders. For more information concerning applicable capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.

Any distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund’s NAV per share on the date paid by the amount of the distribution per share. Accordingly, a distribution paid shortly after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in substance, a partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares so purchased), even though it would be subject to income taxes.

Distributions will be made in the form of additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated. Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the reinvestment of distributions by notifying the Fund’s transfer agent in writing; however, any such change will be effective only as to distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the Fund’s transfer agent has received the written request.

Financial Statements
As the Fund has recently commenced operations, there are no financial statements available at this time. Shareholders of the Fund will be informed of the Fund’s progress through periodic reports when those reports become available. Financial statements certified by the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm will be submitted to shareholders at least annually.

B-53

 

APPENDIX A -- PROXY VOTING POLICIES


[To be provided by amendment]




 
 
 
B-54

 

APPENDIX B -- DESCRIPTION OF BOND RATINGS

SHORT-TERM RATINGS

Standard & Poor’s Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings

 
A Standard & Poor's issue credit rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The issue credit rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a financial obligation, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.
 
 
Issue credit ratings are based on current information furnished by the obligors or obtained by Standard & Poor's from other sources it considers reliable. Standard & Poor's does not perform an audit in connection with any credit rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. Credit ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or based on other circumstances.
 
 
Issue credit ratings can be either long term or short term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. The result is a dual rating, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.
 

Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings

A-1

A short-term obligation rated 'A-1' is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor's. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.

A-2

A short-term obligation rated 'A-2' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.

A-3

A short-term obligation rated 'A-3' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B-55

B

A short-term obligation rated 'B' is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of 'B-1', 'B-2', and 'B-3' may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the 'B' category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

B-1

A short-term obligation rated 'B-1' is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

B-2

A short-term obligation rated 'B-2' is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

B-3

A short-term obligation rated 'B-3' is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.

C

A short-term obligation rated 'C' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

D

A short-term obligation rated 'D' is in payment default. The 'D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.

Active Qualifiers (Currently applied and/or outstanding)
 
i 
 
This subscript is used for issues in which the credit factors, terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of interest are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of principal on the obligation. The 'i' subscript indicates that the rating addresses the interest portion of the obligation only. The 'i' subscript will always be used in conjunction with the 'p' subscript, which addresses likelihood of receipt of principal. For example, a rated obligation could be assigned ratings of "AAAp N.R.i" indicating that the principal portion is rated "AAA" and the interest portion of the obligation is not rated.
 
L 

B-56

 
Ratings qualified with 'L' apply only to amounts invested up to federal deposit insurance limits.
 
p 

 
This subscript is used for issues in which the credit factors, the terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of principal are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of interest on the obligation. The 'p' subscript indicates that the rating addresses the principal portion of the obligation only. The 'p' subscript will always be used in conjunction with the 'i' subscript, which addresses likelihood of receipt of interest. For example, a rated obligation could be assigned ratings of "AAAp N.R.i" indicating that the principal portion is rated "AAA" and the interest portion of the obligation is not rated.
 
pi 

 
Ratings with a 'pi' subscript are based on an analysis of an issuer's published financial information, as well as additional information in the public domain. They do not, however, reflect in-depth meetings with an issuer's management and are therefore based on less comprehensive information than ratings without a 'pi' subscript. Ratings with a 'pi' subscript are reviewed annually based on a new year's financial statements, but may be reviewed on an interim basis if a major event occurs that may affect the issuer's credit quality.
 
pr 

 
The letters 'pr' indicate that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful, timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of or the risk of default upon failure of such completion. The investor should exercise his own judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk.
 
preliminary 

 
Preliminary ratings are assigned to issues, including financial programs, in the following circumstances.
 
 
·  
Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations, most commonly structured and project finance issues, pending receipt of final documentation and legal opinions. Assignment of a final rating is conditional on the receipt and approval by Standard & Poor's of appropriate documentation. Changes in the information provided to Standard & Poor's could result in the assignment of a different rating. In addition, Standard & Poor's reserves the right not to issue a final rating.
 
 
·  
Preliminary ratings are assigned to Rule 415 Shelf Registrations. As specific issues, with defined terms, are offered from the master registration, a final rating may be assigned to them in accordance with Standard & Poor's policies. The final rating may differ from the preliminary rating.
 
t 
 
This symbol indicates termination structures that are designed to honor their contracts to full maturity or, should certain events occur, to terminate and cash settle all their contracts before their final maturity date.
 
B-57


Inactive Qualifiers (No longer applied or outstanding)
 
 * 

This symbol indicated continuance of the ratings is contingent upon Standard & Poor's receipt of an executed copy of the escrow agreement or closing documentation confirming investments and cash flows. Discontinued use in August 1998.

c 

This qualifier was used to provide additional information to investors that the bank may terminate its obligation to purchase tendered bonds if the long-term credit rating of the issuer is below an investment-grade level and/or the issuer's bonds are deemed taxable. Discontinued use in January 2001.

q 

A 'q' subscript indicates that the rating is based solely on quantitative analysis of publicly available information. Discontinued use in April 2001.

r 

The 'r' modifier was assigned to securities containing extraordinary risks, particularly market risks, that are not covered in the credit rating. The absence of an 'r' modifier should not be taken as an indication that an obligation will not exhibit extraordinary non-credit related risks. Standard & Poor's discontinued the use of the 'r' modifier for most obligations in June 2000 and for the balance of obligations (mainly structured finance transactions) in November 2002.

Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks

Country risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poor's analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligor's capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign government's own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.

Moody’s Short-Term Debt Ratings
 
 
Short-Term Ratings
 
 
Moody's short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.
 
 
Moody's employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
 
B-58

 
P-1
 
 
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
 
 
P-2
 
 
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
 
 
P-3
 
 
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
 
 
NP
 
 
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
 
 
Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.
 
 
 
 
 
 
B-59

 
 
Fitch’s International Short-Term Credit Ratings
 
 
The following ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A Short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner.
 
 
F1  Highest credit quality. Indicates the Strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
   
F2  Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.
   
F3  Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade.
   
B Speculative. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
   
C  High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
   
RD Indicated an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other obligations.
   
D Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations.
 
 
Notes to International Long-Term and Short-Term ratings: 
 
The modifiers "+" or "-" may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the 'AAA' Long-term rating category, to categories below 'CCC', or to Short-term ratings other than 'F1'. (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)
 
 
Rating Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as "Positive", indicating a potential upgrade, "Negative", for a potential downgrade, or "Evolving", if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.
 
 
Rating Outlook: An Outlook indicates the direction a rating is likely to move over a one to two-year period. Outlooks may be positive, stable or negative. A positive or negative Rating Outlook does not imply a rating change is inevitable. Similarly, ratings for which outlooks are 'stable' could be upgraded or downgraded before an outlook moves to positive or negative if circumstances warrant such an action. Occasionally, Fitch Ratings may be unable to identify the fundamental trend. In these cases, the Rating Outlook may be described as evolving.
 
B-61

 
Program ratings (such as the those assigned to MTN shelf registrations) relate only to standard issues made under the program concerned; it should not be assumed that these ratings apply to every issue made under the program. In particular, in the case of non-standard issues, i.e. those that are linked to the credit of a third party or linked to the performance of an index, ratings of these issues may deviate from the applicable program rating.
 
 
Variable rate demand obligations and other securities which contain a short-term 'put' or other similar demand feature will have a dual rating, such as AAA/F1+. The first rating reflects the ability to meet long-term principal and interest payments, whereas the second rating reflects the ability to honor the demand feature in full and on time.
 
 
Interest Only
Interest Only ratings are assigned to interest strips. These ratings do not address the possibility that a security holder might fail to recover some or all of its initial investment due to voluntary or involuntary principal repayments.
 
 
Principal Only
Principal Only ratings address the likelihood that a security holder will receive their initial principal investment either before or by the scheduled maturity date.
 
 
Rate of Return
Ratings also may be assigned to gauge the likelihood of an investor receiving a certain predetermined internal rate of return without regard to the precise timing of any cash flows.
 
 
'PIF'
Paid-in -Full; denotes a security that is paid-in-full, matured, called, or refinanced.
 
'NR' indicates that Fitch Ratings does not rate the issuer or issue in question.
 
'Withdrawn': A rating is withdrawn when Fitch Ratings deems the amount of information available to be inadequate for rating purposes, or when an obligation matures, is called, or refinanced, or for any other reason Fitch Ratings deems sufficient.
 
Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) National Short-Term Credit Ratings
 
 
National Ratings are an assessment of credit quality relative to the rating of the "best" credit risk in a country. This "best" risk will normally, although not always, be assigned to all financial commitments issued or guaranteed by the sovereign state.
 
A special identifier for the country concerned will be added at the end of all national ratings. For illustrative purposes, (xxx) has been used, in the table below.
 
 
F1(xxx) Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. Under their national rating scale, this rating is assigned to the “best” credit risk relative to all others in the same country and is normally assigned to all financial commitments issued or guaranteed by the sovereign state. Where the credit risk is particularly strong, a “+” is added to the assigned rating.
   
F2(xxx)  Indicates a satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. However, the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.
   
F3(xxx)  Indicates an adequate capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. However, such capacity is more susceptible to near-term adverse changes than for financial commitments in higher rated categories.
   
B (xxx) Indicates an uncertain capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. Such capacity is highly susceptible to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
   
C (xxx)  Indicates a highly uncertain capacity for timely payment of financial commitments relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. Capacity or meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
   
D (xxx)  Indicates actual or imminent payment default.
   
 
 
B-62

 
Note to National Short-Term ratings:
 
In certain countries, regulators have established credit rating scales, to be used within their domestic markets, using specific nomenclature. In these countries, our National Short-Term Ratings definitions for F1+(xxx), F1(xxx), F2(xxx) and F3(xxx) may be substituted by those regulatory scales, e.g. A1+, A1, A2 and A3.
 
LONG-TERM RATINGS
 
Standard & Poor’s Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings
 
Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings 
 
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:
 
·  
Likelihood of payment, capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;
·   Nature of and provisions of the obligation;
·  Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights.
 
The issue rating definitions are expressed in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt, the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.
 
 
An obligation rated 'AAA' has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
 
 
B-63

An obligation rated 'AA' differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
 
 
An obligation rated 'A' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
 
 
An obligation rated 'BBB' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 

 
Obligations rated 'BB', 'B', 'CCC', 'CC', and 'C' are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. 'BB' indicates the least degree of speculation and 'C' the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
 

 
An obligation rated 'BB' is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 

 
An obligation rated 'B' is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated 'BB', but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 

 
An obligation rated 'CCC' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 

 
An obligation rated 'CC' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
 
C 

 
A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated 'C' is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The 'C' rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. A 'C' also will be assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is currently paying.
 

 
B-64


D 

 
An obligation rated 'D' is in payment default. The 'D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
 

 
The ratings from 'AA' to 'CCC' may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
 

 
This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor's does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

 

 

 
This subscript is used for issues in which the credit factors, terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of interest are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of principal on the obligation. The 'i' subscript indicates that the rating addresses the interest portion of the obligation only. The 'i' subscript will always be used in conjunction with the 'p' subscript, which addresses likelihood of receipt of principal. For example, a rated obligation could be assigned ratings of "AAAp N.R.i" indicating that the principal portion is rated "AAA" and the interest portion of the obligation is not rated.
 

 
Ratings qualified with 'L' apply only to amounts invested up to federal deposit insurance limits.
 

 
This subscript is used for issues in which the credit factors, the terms, or both, that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of principal are different from the credit factors, terms or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of interest on the obligation. The 'p' subscript indicates that the rating addresses the principal portion of the obligation only. The 'p' subscript will always be used in conjunction with the 'i' subscript, which addresses likelihood of receipt of interest. For example, a rated obligation could be assigned ratings of "AAAp N.R.i" indicating that the principal portion is rated "AAA" and the interest portion of the obligation is not rated.
 

 
Ratings with a 'pi' subscript are based on an analysis of an issuer's published financial information, as well as additional information in the public domain. They do not, however, reflect in-depth meetings with an issuer's management and are therefore based on less comprehensive information than ratings without a 'pi' subscript. Ratings with a 'pi' subscript are reviewed annually based on a new year's financial statements, but may be reviewed on an interim basis if a major event occurs that may affect the issuer's credit quality.
 
B-65

 
 
The letters 'pr' indicate that the rating is provisional. A provisional rating assumes the successful completion of the project financed by the debt being rated and indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely dependent upon the successful, timely completion of the project. This rating, however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the project, makes no comment on the likelihood of or the risk of default upon failure of such completion. The investor should exercise his own judgment with respect to such likelihood and risk.
 

 
Preliminary ratings are assigned to issues, including financial programs, in the following circumstances.
 
 
·  
Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations, most commonly structured and project finance issues, pending receipt of final documentation and legal opinions. Assignment of a final rating is conditional on the receipt and approval by Standard & Poor's of appropriate documentation. Changes in the information provided to Standard & Poor's could result in the assignment of a different rating. In addition, Standard & Poor's reserves the right not to issue a final rating.
 
 
·  
Preliminary ratings are assigned to Rule 415 Shelf Registrations. As specific issues, with defined terms, are offered from the master registration, a final rating may be assigned to them in accordance with Standard & Poor's policies. The final rating may differ from the preliminary rating.
 
t 

 
This symbol indicates termination structures that are designed to honor their contracts to full maturity or, should certain events occur, to terminate and cash settle all their contracts before their final maturity date.
 

 
B-66



Inactive Qualifiers (No longer applied or outstanding)
 
* 
 
This symbol indicated continuance of the ratings is contingent upon Standard & Poor's receipt of an executed copy of the escrow agreement or closing documentation confirming investments and cash flows. Discontinued use in August 1998.
 
c 
 
This qualifier was used to provide additional information to investors that the bank may terminate its obligation to purchase tendered bonds if the long-term credit rating of the issuer is below an investment-grade level and/or the issuer's bonds are deemed taxable. Discontinued use in January 2001.
 
q 

 
A 'q' subscript indicates that the rating is based solely on quantitative analysis of publicly available information. Discontinued use in April 2001.
 
r 

 
The 'r' modifier was assigned to securities containing extraordinary risks, particularly market risks, that are not covered in the credit rating. The absence of an 'r' modifier should not be taken as an indication that an obligation will not exhibit extraordinary non-credit related risks. Standard & Poor's discontinued the use of the 'r' modifier for most obligations in June 2000 and for the balance of obligations (mainly structured finance transactions) in November 2002.
 
Local Currency and Foreign Currency Risks

Country risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poor's analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligor's capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign government's own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.

Moody’s Long-Term Debt Ratings
 
 
Long-Term Obligation Ratings
 
 
Moody's long-term obligation ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of fixed-income obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default.
 
 
Moody's Long-Term Rating Definitions:
 
 
Aaa
 
 
Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
 
 
Aa
 
B-67

 
Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
 
 
A
 
 
Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
 
 
Baa
 
 
Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
 
 
Ba
 
 
Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
 
 
B
 
 
Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
 
 
Caa
 
 
Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
 
 
Ca
 
 
Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
 
 
C
 
 
Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
 
 
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
 
Fitch’s International Long-Term Credit Ratings
 
 
International Long-Term Credit Ratings (LTCR) may also be referred to as Long-Term Ratings. When assigned to most issuers, it is used as a benchmark measure of probability of default and is formally described as an Issuer Default Rating (IDR). The major exception is within Public Finance, where IDRs will not be assigned as market convention has always focused on timeliness and does not draw analytical distinctions between issuers and their underlying obligations. When applied to issues or securities, the LTCR may be higher or lower than the issuer rating (IDR) to reflect relative differences in recovery expectations.
 
 
The following rating scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings:
 
B-68

Investment Grade
 
 
AAA Highest credit quality. ‘AAA’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
   
AA Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
   
A High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
   
BBB Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that there is currently expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment-grade category.
   
 
 
Speculative Grade
 
BB Speculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.
   
B  Highly speculative.
 
 
·  
For issuers and performing obligations, 'B' ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.

·  
For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for extremely high recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of 'R1' (outstanding).
 
 
CCC  
 
·  
For issuers and performing obligations, default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic conditions.

·  
For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for average to superior levels of recovery. Differences in credit quality may be denoted by plus/minus distinctions. Such obligations typically would possess a Recovery Rating of 'R2' (superior), or 'R3' (good) or 'R4' (average).
 
B-69

 
CC  
 
·  
For issuers and performing obligations, default of some kind appears probable.

·  
For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with a Recovery Rating of 'R4' (average) or 'R5' (below average).

C  
 
·  
For issuers and performing obligations, default is imminent.

·  
For individual obligations, may indicate distressed or defaulted obligations with potential for below-average to poor recoveries. Such obligations would possess a Recovery Rating of 'R6' (poor).
 
 
RD  
 
  Indicates an entity that has failed to make due payments (within the applicable grace period) on some but not all material financial obligations, but continues to honor other classes of obligations.
 
 
D  
 
 
Indicates an entity or sovereign that has defaulted on all of its financial obligations. Default generally is defined as one of the following:
   
  - failure of an obligor to make timely payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of any financial obligation; - the bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of business of an obligor; or - the distressed or other coercive exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation.
   
  Default ratings are not assigned prospectively; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period.
   
  Issuers will be rated 'D' upon a default. Defaulted and distressed obligations typically are rated along the continuum of 'C' to 'B' ratings categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to meet pay interest and/or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the obligation's documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation may be rated in the 'B' or 'CCC-C' categories.
   
  Default is determined by reference to the terms of the obligations' documentation. Fitch will assign default ratings where it has reasonably determined that payment has not been made on a material obligation in accordance with the requirements of the obligation's documentation, or where it believes that default ratings consistent with Fitch's published definition of default are the most appropriate ratings to assign.
   
 
B-70

 
Notes to International Long-Term and Short-Term ratings
 
 
The modifiers "+" or "-" may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the 'AAA' Long-term rating category, to categories below 'CCC', or to Short-term ratings other than 'F1'. (The +/- modifiers are only used to denote issues within the CCC category, whereas issuers are only rated CCC without the use of modifiers.)
 
 
Rating Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as "Positive", indicating a potential upgrade, "Negative", for a potential downgrade, or "Evolving", if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.
 
 
Rating Outlook: An Outlook indicates the direction a rating is likely to move over a one to two-year period. Outlooks may be positive, stable or negative. A positive or negative Rating Outlook does not imply a rating change is inevitable. Similarly, ratings for which outlooks are 'stable' could be upgraded or downgraded before an outlook moves to positive or negative if circumstances warrant such an action. Occasionally, Fitch Ratings may be unable to identify the fundamental trend. In these cases, the Rating Outlook may be described as evolving.
 
 
Program ratings (such as the those assigned to MTN shelf registrations) relate only to standard issues made under the program concerned; it should not be assumed that these ratings apply to every issue made under the program. In particular, in the case of non-standard issues, i.e. those that are linked to the credit of a third party or linked to the performance of an index, ratings of these issues may deviate from the applicable program rating.
 
 
Variable rate demand obligations and other securities which contain a short-term 'put' or other similar demand feature will have a dual rating, such as AAA/F1+. The first rating reflects the ability to meet long-term principal and interest payments, whereas the second rating reflects the ability to honor the demand feature in full and on time.
 
 
Interest Only
Interest Only ratings are assigned to interest strips. These ratings do not address the possibility that a security holder might fail to recover some or all of its initial investment due to voluntary or involuntary principal repayments.
 
 
Principal Only
Principal Only ratings address the likelihood that a security holder will receive their initial principal investment either before or by the scheduled maturity date.
 
 
Rate of Return
Ratings also may be assigned to gauge the likelihood of an investor receiving a certain predetermined internal rate of return without regard to the precise timing of any cash flows.
 
 
'PIF'
Paid-in -Full; denotes a security that is paid-in-full, matured, called, or refinanced.
 
 
'NR' indicates that Fitch Ratings does not rate the issuer or issue in question.
 
 
B-71

'Withdrawn': A rating is withdrawn when Fitch Ratings deems the amount of information available to be inadequate for rating purposes, or when an obligation matures, is called, or refinanced, or for any other reason Fitch Ratings deems sufficient.
 
Fitch’s National Long-Term Credit Ratings
 
 
National Ratings are an assessment of credit quality relative to the rating of the "best" credit risk in a country. This "best" risk will normally, although not always, be assigned to all financial commitments issued or guaranteed by the sovereign state.
 
 
A special identifier for the country concerned will be added at the end of all national ratings. For illustrative purposes, (xxx) has been used, in the table below.
 
 
AAA(xxx)  AAA’ national ratings denote the highest rating assigned in its national rating scale for that country. This rating is assigned to the “best” credit risk relative to all other issuers or issues in the same country and will normally be assigned to all financial commitments issued or guaranteed by the sovereign state.
   
AA(xxx) ‘AA’ national ratings denote a very strong credit risk relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. The credit risk inherent in these financial commitments differs only slightly from the country’s highest rated issuers or issues.
   
A (xxx)  ‘A’ national ratings denote a strong credit risk relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. However, changes in circumstances or economic conditions may affect the capacity for timely repayment of these financial commitments to a greater degree than for financial commitments denoted by a higher rated category.
   
BBB(xxx) ‘BBB’ national ratings denote an adequate credit risk relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. However, changes in circumstances or economic conditions are more likely to affect the capacity for timely repayment of these financial commitments than for financial commitments denoted by a higher rated category.
   
BB(xxx)  ‘BB’ national ratings denote a fairly weak credit risk relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. Within the context of the country, payment of these financial commitments is uncertain to some degree and capacity for timely repayment remains more vulnerable to adverse economic change over time.
   
B (xxx) ‘B’ national ratings denote a significantly weak credit risk relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. Financial commitments are currently being met but a limited margin of safety remains and capacity for continued timely payments is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
   
CCC(xxx), CC(xxx), C(xxx)
  These categories of national ratings denote an extremely weak credit risk relative to other issuers or issues in the same country. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic developments.
   
DDD(xxx), DD(xxx), D(xxx)
  These categories of national ratings are assigned to entities or financial commitments which are currently in default.
 
 
B-72

 
 
 
MUNICIPAL NOTE RATINGS
 
Standard & Poor’s Note Ratings
 

 
A Standard & Poor's U.S. municipal note rating reflects the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes maturing beyond three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. The following criteria will be used in making that assessment:
 
·  
Amortization schedule - the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and
 
·  
Source of payment - the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.
 
 
Note rating symbols are as follows:
 

 
Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
 

 
Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
 

 
Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
 
Moody’s MIG/VMIG Ratings U.S. Short-Term Ratings
 
 
US Municipal Short-Term Debt And Demand Obligation Ratings
 
 
Short-Term Debt Ratings
 
 
There are three rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered investment grade. These ratings are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) and are divided into three levels -- MIG 1 through MIG 3. In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated SG, or speculative grade. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation.
 
B-73

 
MIG 1
 
 
This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
 
 
MIG 2
 
 
This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
 
 
MIG 3
 
 
This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
 

 
B-74


 
SG
 
 
This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
 
 
Demand Obligation Ratings
 
 
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned; a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody's evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody's evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand ("demand feature"), using a variation of the MIG rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or VMIG rating.
 
 
When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated NR, e.g., Aaa/NR or NR/VMIG 1.
 
 
VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue's specific structural or credit features.
 
 
VMIG 1
 
 
This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
 
 
VMIG 2
 
 
This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
 
 
VMIG 3
 
 
This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
 
 
SG
 
This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.

 
B-75


TRUST FOR PROFESSIONAL MANAGERS
PART C
LEADER SHORT-TERM BOND FUND

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 23. Exhibits.

(a)  
Declaration of Trust
 
(1)
Amended and Restated Certificate of Trust — Previously filed with Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A with the SEC on November 24, 2004, and is incorporated by reference.
 
(2)
Declaration of Trust — Previously filed with Registrant’s Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A with the SEC on August 1, 2001, and is incorporated by reference.
 
(b) 
Amended and Restated Bylaws — Previously filed with Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A with the SEC on November 24, 2004, and is incorporated by reference.
 
(c)  
Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders— Incorporated by reference to the Declaration of Trust and Bylaws.
 
(d)   Investment Advisory Agreement— to be filed.
 
(f)  
Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts — Not applicable.
 
(g)  
Custody Agreement— to be filed.
 
(h)  
Other Material Contracts
 
(1)  
Fund Administration Servicing Agreement — to be filed.
 
(2)  
Transfer Agent Servicing Agreement - to be filed.
 
(3)  
Fund Accounting Servicing Agreement — to be filed.
 
(4)   Power of Attorney — Previously filed with Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A with the SEC on June 23, 2006, and is incorporated by reference.
 
(5)   Operating Expense Limitation Agreement — to be filed.
 
(i)  
Opinion and Consent of Counsel— to be filed.
 
(j)  
Consent of Independent Auditors— Not applicable.
 
(k)  
Omitted Financial Statements Not applicable.
 
(l)  
Agreement Relating to Initial Capital— Previously filed with Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A with the SEC on December 19, 2003, and is incorporated by reference.
 
(m)  
Rule 12b-1 Plan — to be filed.
 
(n)  
Rule 18f-3 Plan  Not applicable.
 
(o)  
Reserved.
 
(p)  
Code of Ethics
 
(1)  
Code of Ethics for Registrant — Previously filed with Registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A with the SEC on May 2, 2005, and is incorporated by reference.

(2)  
Code of Ethics for Fund and Advisor — to be filed.
 
 
C-1

Item 24. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with Registrant. 

No person is directly or indirectly controlled by or under common control with the Registrant.

Item 25. Indemnification.

Reference is made to Article X of the Registrant’s Declaration of Trust.

Pursuant to Rule 484 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant furnishes the following undertaking: “Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Act”) may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.”

Item 26. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser.

Leader Capital Corp. (the “Advisor”) serves as the investment adviser for the Leader Short-Term Bond Fund (the “Fund”). The principal business address of the Advisor is 121 SW Morrison St., Suite 425, Portland, OR 97204. With respect to the Advisor, the response to this Item will be incorporated by reference to the Advisor’s Uniform Application for Investment Advisor Registration (“Form ADV”) on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), dated March 24, 2006. The Advisor’s Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SEC's website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.

Item 27. Principal Underwriter.

(a) Quasar Distributors, LLC, the Registrant’s principal underwriter, acts as principal underwriter for the following investment companies:

Advisors Series Trust
Julius Baer Investment Funds
AIP Alternative Strategies Funds
The Kensington Funds
Allied Asset Advisors Funds
Keystone Mutual Funds
Alpine Equity Trust
Kiewit Investment Fund L.P.
Alpine Income Trust
Kirr, Marbach Partners Funds, Inc.
Alpine Series Trust
LKCM Funds
Brandes Investment Trust
Masters’ Select Funds
Brandywine Blue Fund, Inc.
Matrix Advisors Value Fund, Inc.
Brazos Mutual Funds
MDT Funds
Bridges Investment Fund, Inc.
Monetta Fund, Inc.
Buffalo Funds
Monetta Trust
Buffalo Balanced Fund, Inc.
The MP 63 Fund, Inc.
Buffalo High Yield Fund, Inc.
MUTUALS.com
Buffalo Large Cap Fund, Inc.
Nicholas Equity Income Fund, Inc.
Buffalo Small Cap Fund, Inc.
Nicholas Family of Funds, Inc.
Buffalo USA Global Fund, Inc.
Nicholas Fund, Inc.
Country Mutual Funds Trust
Nicholas High Income Fund, Inc.
Cullen Funds Trust
Nicholas II, Inc.
Everest Funds
Nicholas Limited Edition, Inc.
FFTW Funds, Inc.
Nicholas Money Market Fund, Inc.
First American Funds, Inc.
Permanent Portfolio Funds
First American Investment Funds, Inc.
Perritt Funds, Inc.
First American Strategy Funds, Inc.
Perritt MicroCap Opportunities Fund, Inc.
Fort Pitt Capital Funds
PRIMECAP Odyssey Funds
The Glenmede Fund, Inc.
Professionally Managed Portfolios
The Glenmede Portfolios
Prudent Bear Funds, Inc.
Greenspring Fund
The Purisima Funds
Guinness Atkinson Funds
Rainier Investment Management Mutual Funds
Harding, Loevner Funds, Inc.
Rockland Trust
The Hennessy Funds, Inc.
Summit Mutual Funds, Inc.
Hennessy Mutual Funds, Inc.
Thompson Plumb Funds, Inc.
Hotchkis and Wiley Funds
TIFF Investment Program, Inc.
Intrepid Capital Management Funds Trust
Trust For Professional Managers
Jacob Internet Fund Inc.
Wexford Trust
The Jensen Portfolio, Inc.
 

 
C-2

(b) To the best of Registrant’s knowledge, the directors and executive officers of Quasar Distributors, LLC are as follows:

Name and Principal Business Address
 
Position and Offices with Quasar Distributors, LLC
 
Positions and Offices with Registrant
 
James R. Schoenike
 
 
President, Board Member
 
 
None
 
 
Andrew Strnad
 
 
Secretary
 
 
None
 
 
Joe Redwine
 
 
Board Member
 
 
None
 
 
Bob Kern
 
 
Board Member
 
 
None
 
 
Eric W. Falkeis
 
 
Board Member
 
 
Treasurer
 
 
Teresa Cowan
 
 
Assistant Secretary
 
 
None
 
 
The address of each of the foregoing is 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53202.
 

 
(c) Not applicable.
 
Item 28. Location of Accounts and Records.

The books and records required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 are maintained in the following locations:

C-3

 
Records Relating to:
 
Are located at:
Registrant’s Fund Administrator, Fund Accountant and Transfer Agent
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202
 
Registrant’s Investment Adviser
Leader Capital Corp.
121 SW Morrison St., Suite 425
Portland, OR 97204
 
Registrant’s Custodian
U.S. Bank, National Association
1555 N. RiverCenter Drive, Suite 302
Milwaukee, WI 53212
 
Registrant’s Distributor
Quasar Distributors, LLC
615 East Michigan Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202

Item 29. Management Services.
 
All management-related service contracts entered into by Registrant are discussed in Parts A and B of this Registration Statement.

Item 30. Undertakings.

The Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish each person to whom a Prospectus for one or more of the series of the Registrant is delivered with a copy of the relevant latest annual report to shareholders, upon request and without charge.

 
 
C-4

 


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed below on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Milwaukee and the State of Wisconsin on the 12th day of September, 2006.

TRUST FOR PROFESSIONAL MANAGERS

By: /s/ Joseph C. Neuberger
Joseph C. Neuberger
Chairperson, President and Treasurer/Principal Accounting Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below on September 12, 2006 by the following persons in the capacities indicated.

Signature
Title
/s/ Joseph C. Neuberger
Joseph C. Neuberger
 
Chairperson, President, Treasurer/Principal Accounting Officer and Trustee
Dr. Michael D. Akers*
Dr. Michael D. Akers
 
Independent Trustee
Gary A. Drska*
Gary A. Drska
 
Independent Trustee
* By /s/ Joseph C. Neuberger 
Joseph C. Neuberger
Attorney-in-Fact pursuant to Power of Attorney filed with the Registrants Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A with the SEC on June 23, 2006.