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INCOME TAXES
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES
INCOME TAXES
 
For the periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company has calculated its effective tax rate based on year-to-date results (under ASC 740-270-30-18) as opposed to estimating its annual effective tax rate. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 2.2% and 10.8%, respectively, including the impact of discrete items. Excluding discrete items, the Company’s effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 was 14.9% and 21.5%, respectively. The effective tax rates are different than the statutory rates primarily due to the impact from amortization of indefinite-lived intangible assets for tax purposes, the partial non-deductibility of certain per diem expenses, and international and state taxes.

The Company records valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. The assessment of whether or not a valuation allowance is required often requires significant judgment, including the long-range forecast of future taxable income and the evaluation of tax planning initiatives. Any conclusions made related to the deferred tax valuation allowance are based on a detailed evaluation of all available positive and negative evidence and the weight of such evidence. The Company believes it is necessary to see further positive evidence, such as sustained achievement of cumulative profits, before these valuation allowances can be released. Based on the Company's forecast, it is possible that the Company may release all or a portion of the remaining valuation allowance, within the next twelve months. The Company will continue to assess the realizability of its deferred tax assets.

As of September 30, 2017, the Company had approximately $0.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits included in other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities ($5.5 million, net of deferred taxes, which would affect the effective tax rate if recognized). During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company had gross increases of $0.6 million to its current year unrecognized tax benefits related to federal and state tax issues.

The tax years of 2004, 2005, 2008, and 2010 through 2016 remain open to examination by certain taxing jurisdictions to which the Company is subject to tax, other than certain states in which the statute of limitations has been extended.