POS AMI 1 dposami.htm MASTER PORTFOLIO TRUST MASTER PORTFOLIO TRUST

As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 10, 2008

Investment Company Act File No. 811-10407

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM N-1A

 

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 x

Amendment No. 15

(Check appropriate box or boxes.)

 

 

Master Portfolio Trust

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

 

55 Water Street, New York, New York 10041

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code (800) 451-2010

 

 

Robert I. Frenkel

Master Portfolio Trust

300 First Stamford Place

Stamford, Connecticut

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

COPY TO:

Roger P. Joseph, Esq.

Bingham McCutchen LLP

150 Federal Street

Boston, Massachusetts 02110

 

 

 

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Master Portfolio Trust has filed this Registration Statement pursuant to Section 8(b) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). Beneficial interests in the Registrant are not being registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), because interests will be issued solely in private placement transactions that do not involve any “public offering” within the meaning of Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act. Only investment companies, insurance company separate accounts, common or commingled trust funds or similar organizations or entities that are “accredited investors” within the meaning of Regulation D under the 1933 Act may make investments in the Registrant. This Registration Statement is not an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, any beneficial interests in the Registrant.

The purpose of this Amendment is to reflect certain amendments regarding SMASh Series M Portfolio, SMASh Series C Portfolio, SMASh Series EC Portfolio and SMASh Series MEC Portfolio.


PART A

Responses to Items 1, 2, 3, and 8 have been omitted pursuant to General Instruction B.2(b) of Form N-1A.

As part of a number of initiatives launched in 2006 to restructure and streamline the Legg Mason Partners fund complex, each Portfolio assumed the assets and liabilities of a predecessor portfolio effective April 16, 2007. Any information in this Registration Statement relating to a Portfolio prior April 16, 2007 is that of a Portfolio’s predecessor.

 

Item 4. Investment Objectives, Principal Investment Strategies, and Related Risks.

PORTFOLIO GOALS

SMASh Series M Portfolio

The goal of SMASh Series M Portfolio (“Series M Portfolio”) is to maximize total return consisting of capital appreciation and income, consistent with prudent investment management.

SMASh Series C Portfolio

The goal of SMASh Series C Portfolio (“Series C Portfolio”) is to maximize total return consisting of capital appreciation and income, consistent with prudent investment management.

SMASh Series EC Portfolio

The goal of SMASh Series EC Portfolio (“Series EC Portfolio”) is to maximize total return consisting of capital appreciation and income, consistent with prudent investment management.

SMASh Series MEC Portfolio

The goal of SMASh Series MEC Portfolio (“Series MEC Portfolio”) is to maximize current income exempt from regular federal income tax.

MAIN INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

Smash Series M Portfolio

Under normal market conditions, Series M Portfolio expects to invest primarily in a combination of U.S. dollar denominated and non-U.S. dollar denominated investment grade debt obligations of both U.S. and non-U.S. issuers (including emerging market issuers) and in derivatives and other instruments relating to such investments. An emerging market country will be considered to be any country which, at the time of investment, is represented in the JP Morgan EMBI Global Index or categorized by the World Bank in its annual categorization as middle- or low-income. Series M Portfolio intends to invest a substantial portion of its assets in mortgage-related securities, U.S. government securities and money market instruments. The mortgage-related securities in which Series M Portfolio intends to invest include securities issued by agencies of the U.S. government or by private companies, including commercial mortgage-backed securities. Additionally, Series M Portfolio intends to invest in asset-backed and inflation-protected securities and to engage in dollar rolls on mortgage-related securities.

Instead of investing directly in particular securities, Series M Portfolio may gain exposure to a security or an issuer or a market by investing through the use of instruments such as derivatives, including credit default swaps, synthetic instruments and other instruments that are intended to provide similar economic exposure. Series M Portfolio may use one or more types of such instruments to a substantial extent and even as its primary means of gaining investment exposures.

Series M Portfolio may engage in a variety of transactions using derivatives, including but not limited to, options, swaps, including credit default swaps, and warrants. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of something else, such as one or more underlying investments, indexes or currencies. Derivatives may be used by Series M Portfolio for any of the following purposes:

 

   

As a hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in Series M Portfolio’s portfolio

 

   

As a substitute for buying or selling securities

 

   

As a cash flow management technique

 

   

For purposes of enhancing returns

Using derivatives, especially for non-hedging purposes, may involve greater risks to Series M Portfolio than investing directly in securities, particularly as these instruments may be very complex and may not behave in the manner anticipated by Series M Portfolio.

Certain risks associated with the use of derivatives are discussed below. Such risks are magnified to the extent that a large portion of Series M Portfolio’s assets are committed to derivatives in general or are invested in just one or a few types of derivatives.

Series M Portfolio from time to time sells protection on debt securities by entering into credit default swaps, a type of derivative transaction. In return for periodic payments, Series M Portfolio is obligated to pay the counterparty if the bond which is the subject of the credit default swap defaults or is subject to a specified credit event. As the seller, Series M Portfolio could be considered leveraged, because, in addition to the investment exposure that it has on its assets, Series M Portfolio is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

When Series M Portfolio enters into derivative transactions, it may be required to segregate assets, or enter into offsetting positions, in accordance with applicable regulations. Such segregation will not limit Series M Portfolio’s exposure to loss, however, and Series M Portfolio will have investment risk with respect to both the derivative itself and the assets that have been segregated to cover Series M Portfolio’s derivative exposure. Segregated assets cannot be sold by Series M Portfolio unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets, and, as a result, the segregation of a large portion of Series M Portfolio’s assets could impede portfolio management or Series M Portfolio’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

Series M Portfolio’s subadvisers may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons. Should the subadvisers choose to use derivatives, Series M Portfolio will, in determining compliance with any percentage limitation or requirement regarding the use or investment of Series M Portfolio assets, take into account derivative positions that are intended to reduce or create exposure to the applicable category of investments, even if they are not effective to achieve the desired result.


Series M Portfolio’s target average effective duration is expected to range between 6 months to 10 years. Series M Portfolio’s average effective duration may fall outside of its expected average effective duration range due to market movements. If this happens, the portfolio managers will take action to bring Series M Portfolio’s average effective duration back within Series M Portfolio’s expected average effective duration range within a reasonable period of time. The duration of a fixed-income security is the weighted average maturity, expressed in years, of the present value of all future cash flows, including coupon payments and principal repayments. Each year of duration represents an expected 1% change in the price of a bond for every 1% change in interest rates. For example, if a bond has a duration of 4 years, its price will fall about 4% when interest rates rise by 1%. Like duration, effective duration measures the expected sensitivity of market price to changes in interest rates, but takes into account unique aspects of certain bonds (for example, some bonds can be prepaid by the issuer).

Principal risks of investing in Series M Portfolio

Investors could lose money on their investment in Series M Portfolio, or Series M Portfolio may not perform as well as other investments, as a result of risks such as:

 

   

The obligor for a security owned by Series M Portfolio fails to pay, otherwise defaults or is perceived to be less creditworthy, or the security’s credit rating is downgraded, or the credit quality or value of any underlying assets declines. Credit risk is broadly gauged by the credit ratings of the securities in which the Portfolio invests. However, ratings are only the opinions of the companies issuing them and are not absolute guarantees as to quality

 

   

Interest rates rise, causing the prices of fixed-income securities to decline and reducing the value of Series M Portfolio’s portfolio. This is known as interest rate risk

 

   

Interest rates decline, causing the issuers of fixed-income securities held by Series M Portfolio to pay principal earlier than scheduled or exercise a right to call the securities, forcing Series M Portfolio to reinvest in lower yielding securities. This is known as prepayment or call risk. Securities subject to prepayment risk generally offer less potential for gains when interest rates decline, and may offer greater potential for losses when interest rates rise

 

   

Rising interest rates result in slower than expected principal prepayments, which effectively lengthens the maturity of affected securities, making them more sensitive to interest rate changes and the Portfolio’s share price more volatile. This is known as extension risk

 

   

The value of a security declines due to adverse factors affecting the bond markets generally, or the markets for certain types of securities or for securities relating to particular industries or sectors. This is sometimes known as market risk

 

   

Adverse governmental action or political, economic or market instability affects a foreign country or region

 

   

An unhedged currency in which a security is priced declines in value relative to the U.S. dollar

 

   

An issuer of a government security held by Series M Portfolio that is not guaranteed or backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury becomes unable to make required payments or the issuer’s actual or perceived creditworthiness declines

 

   

The portfolio managers’ judgment about the attractiveness, relative yield, value or potential appreciation of a particular security or sector or about interest rate trends proves incorrect

 

   

Derivatives involve special risks and costs and may result in losses to Series M Portfolio. Series M Portfolio’s use of certain derivatives may in some cases involve forms of financial leverage, which involves risk and may increase the volatility of the Portfolio’s net asset value. Even a small investment in derivatives can have a disproportionate impact on Series M Portfolio. Using derivatives can increase losses and reduce opportunities for gains when market prices, interest rates or currencies, or the derivative instruments themselves, behave in a way not anticipated by Series M Portfolio. The other parties to certain derivative contracts present the same types of default risk as issuers of fixed income securities. Derivatives can also make Series M Portfolio less liquid and harder to value, especially in changing markets

 

   

Credit default swap contracts involve special risks and may result in losses to Series M Portfolio. Credit default swaps may in some cases be illiquid, and they increase credit risk since Series M Portfolio has exposure to both the issuer of the referenced obligation and the counterparty to the credit default swap. As there is no central exchange or market for credit default swap transactions, they may be difficult to trade or value, especially in the event of market disruptions. The swap market is a relatively new market and is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swap market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect Series M Portfolio’s ability to terminate existing credit default swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements

 

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Payments of principal and interest on mortgage-backed securities issued by instrumentalities of the U.S. government are guaranteed solely by the issuer and are not guaranteed by the U.S. government. Although payments of principal and interest on mortgage-backed securities issued by some U.S. agencies are guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, the guarantee does not apply to losses resulting from declines in their market values.

Borrowing and other transactions used for leverage may cause the value of Series M Portfolio’s interests to be more volatile than if the Portfolio did not borrow or engage in such transactions. This is because leverage tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Portfolio’s portfolio holdings. Leverage thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. To repay such obligations, the Portfolio may have to sell securities at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to the Portfolio. There also are costs associated with engaging in leverage, and these costs would offset and could eliminate the Portfolio’s net investment income in any given period.

Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events or defaults on a security held by Series M Portfolio, or if an issuer of such a security has difficulty meeting its obligations, the Portfolio may become the holder of a restructured security or of underlying assets. In that case, the Portfolio may become the holder of securities or other assets that it could not otherwise purchase at a time when those assets may be difficult to sell or can be sold only at a loss. The Portfolio may invest in securities which are subordinated to more senior securities of the issuer, or which represent interests in pools of such subordinated securities. Subordinated securities will be disproportionately affected by a default or even a perceived decline in creditworthiness of the issuer.

In addition, investing in foreign issuers, including emerging market issuers, may involve additional risks compared to investing in securities of U.S. issuers, including:

 

   

Adverse governmental action or political, economic or market instability affects a foreign country or region

 

   

Foreign securities, particularly securities of emerging market issuers, held by the Portfolio decline in value due to political or economic instability, lack of market liquidity or adverse government actions like currency controls or seizure of private businesses or property

SMASh Series C Portfolio

Series C Portfolio invests in a portfolio of debt obligations of various maturities. Under normal market conditions, Series C Portfolio expects to invest primarily in corporate obligations and in derivatives and other instruments relating to such investments. Series C Portfolio currently limits its investments to U.S. dollar denominated investment grade debt obligations. Series C Portfolio is also permitted to invest in the securities of non-U.S. issuers. The portfolio managers generally may invest Series C Portfolio’s assets in the securities of issuers located in several different countries, but may at times invest Series C Portfolio’s assets in the securities of issuers located in only one country or in a relatively small number of countries, including in any emerging market country or countries. An emerging market country will be considered to be any country which, at the time of investment, is represented in the JP Morgan EMBI Global Index or categorized by the World Bank in its annual categorization as middle- or low-income. Currently Series C Portfolio does not contemplate investing 25% or more of its assets in a single country or a small number of countries, except in the United States, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, the Philippines or Russia. The portfolio managers may invest a significant portion of Series C Portfolio’s assets in various industry sectors, to the extent consistent with Series C Portfolio’s investment restrictions. In purchasing debt obligations for Series C Portfolio, the portfolio managers may take full advantage of the entire range of maturities and durations, and may adjust the average maturity or duration of the investments held by Series C Portfolio from time to time, depending on their assessment of the relative yields of securities of different maturities and durations and their expectations of future changes in interest rates.

Instead of investing directly in particular securities, Series C Portfolio may gain exposure to a security or an issuer or a market by investing through the use of instruments such as derivatives, including credit default swaps, synthetic instruments and other instruments that are intended to provide similar economic exposure. Series C Portfolio may use one or more types of such instruments to a substantial extent and even as its primary means of gaining investment exposures.

Series C Portfolio may engage in a variety of transactions using derivatives, including but not limited to, options, swaps, including credit default swaps, and warrants. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of something else, such as one or more underlying investments, indexes or currencies. Derivatives may be used by Series C Portfolio for any of the following purposes:

 

   

As a hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in Series C Portfolio’s portfolio

 

   

As a substitute for buying or selling securities

 

   

As a cash flow management technique

 

   

For purposes of enhancing returns

Using derivatives, especially for non-hedging purposes, may involve greater risks to Series C Portfolio than investing directly in securities, particularly as these instruments may be very complex and may not behave in the manner anticipated by Series C Portfolio.

Certain risks associated with the use of derivatives are discussed below. Such risks are magnified to the extent that a large portion of Series C Portfolio’s assets are committed to derivatives in general or are invested in just one or a few types of derivatives.

Series C Portfolio from time to time sells protection on debt securities by entering into credit default swaps, a type of derivative transaction. In return for periodic payments, Series C Portfolio is obligated to pay the counterparty if the bond which is the subject of the credit default swap defaults or is subject to a specified credit event. As the seller, Series C Portfolio could be considered leveraged because, in addition to the investment exposure that it has on its assets, Series C Portfolio is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

When Series C Portfolio enters into derivative transactions, it may be required to segregate assets, or enter into offsetting positions, in accordance with applicable regulations. Such segregation will not limit Series C Portfolio’s exposure to loss, however, and Series C Portfolio will have investment risk with respect to both the derivative itself and the assets that have been segregated to cover Series C Portfolio’s derivative exposure. Segregated assets cannot be sold by Series C Portfolio unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets, and, as a result, the segregation of a large portion of a Series C Portfolio’s assets could impede portfolio management or Series C Portfolio’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

Series C Portfolio’s subadvisers may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons. Should the subadvisers choose to use derivatives, Series C Portfolio will, in determining compliance with any percentage limitation or requirement regarding the use or investment of Series C Portfolio assets, take into account derivative positions that are intended to reduce or create exposure to the applicable category of investments, even if they are not effective to achieve the desired result.

Series C Portfolio may borrow in certain circumstances, to the extent consistent with Series C Portfolio’s fundamental investment restrictions. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.” Certain trading practices, such as the use of derivatives for speculative purposes or investments in mortgage dollar rolls, may also result in economic leverage.

Principal risks of investing in Series C Portfolio

Investors could lose money on their investment in Series C Portfolio, or Series C Portfolio may not perform as well as other investments, as a result of risks such as:

 

   

The obligor for a security owned by Series C Portfolio fails to pay, or the security’s credit rating is downgraded, or the credit quality or value of any underlying assets declines. Credit risk is broadly gauged by the credit ratings of the securities in which the Portfolio invests. However, ratings are only the opinions of the companies issuing them and are not absolute guarantees as to quality

 

   

Interest rates rise, causing the prices of fixed-income securities to decline and reducing the value of Series C Portfolio’s portfolio. This is known as interest rate risk

 

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Interest rates decline, causing the issuers of fixed-income securities held by Series C Portfolio to pay principal earlier than scheduled or exercise a right to call the securities, forcing Series C Portfolio to reinvest in lower yielding securities. This is known as prepayment or call risk. Securities subject to prepayment risk generally offer less potential for gains when interest rates decline, and may offer greater potential for losses when interest rates rise

 

   

Rising interest rates result in slower than expected principal prepayments, which effectively lengthens the maturity of affected securities, making them more sensitive to interest rate changes and the Portfolio’s share price more volatile. This is known as extension risk

 

   

The value of a security declines due to adverse factors affecting the bond markets generally, or the markets for certain types of securities or for securities relating to particular industries or sectors. This is sometimes known as market risk

 

   

Adverse governmental action or political, economic or market instability affects a foreign country or region

 

   

The portfolio managers’ judgment about the attractiveness, relative yield, value or potential appreciation of a particular security, sector, country or region or about interest rate trends proves incorrect

 

   

Derivatives involve special risks and costs and may result in losses to Series C Portfolio. Series C Portfolio’s use of certain derivatives may in some cases involve forms of financial leverage, which involves risk and may increase the volatility of the Portfolio’s net asset value. Even a small investment in derivatives can have a disproportionate impact on Series C Portfolio. Using derivatives can increase losses and reduce opportunities for gains when market prices, interest rates or currencies, or the derivative instruments themselves, behave in a way not anticipated by Series C Portfolio. The other parties to certain derivative contracts present the same types of default risk as issuers of fixed income securities. Derivatives can also make Series C Portfolio less liquid and harder to value, especially in changing markets

 

   

Credit default swap contracts involve special risks and may result in losses to Series C Portfolio. Credit default swaps may in some cases be illiquid, and they increase credit risk since Series C Portfolio has exposure to both the issuer of the referenced obligation and the counterparty to the credit default swap. As there is no central exchange or market for credit default swap transactions, they may be difficult to trade or value, especially in the event of market disruptions. The swap market is a relatively new market and is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swap market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect Series C Portfolio’s ability to terminate existing credit default swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements

Borrowing and other transactions used for leverage may cause the value of Series C Portfolio’s beneficial interests to be more volatile than if Series C Portfolio did not borrow or engage in such transactions. This is because leverage tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of Series C Portfolio’s portfolio holdings. Leverage thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. To repay such obligations, Series C Portfolio may have to sell securities at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to Series C Portfolio. There also are costs associated with engaging in leverage, and these costs would offset and could eliminate the Series C Portfolio’s net investment income in any given period.

Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events or defaults on a security held by Series C Portfolio, or if an issuer of such a security has difficulty meeting its obligations, the Portfolio may become the holder of a restructured security or of underlying assets. In that case, the Portfolio may become the holder of securities or other assets that it could not otherwise purchase at a time when those assets may be difficult to sell or can be sold only at a loss. The Portfolio may invest in securities which are subordinated to more senior securities of the issuer, or which represent interest in pools of such subordinated securities. Subordinated securities will be disproportionately affected by a default or even a perceived decline in creditworthiness of the issuer.

In addition, investing in foreign issuers, including emerging market issuers, may involve additional risks compared to investing in securities of U.S. issuers, including:

 

   

Adverse governmental action or political, economic or market instability affects a foreign country or region

 

   

Foreign securities, particularly securities of emerging market issuers, held by the Portfolio decline in value due to political or economic instability, lack of market liquidity or adverse government actions like currency controls or seizure of private businesses or property

Series C Portfolio is classified as “non-diversified,” which means it may invest a larger percentage of its assets in one issuer than a diversified fund. To the extent Series C Portfolio concentrates its assets in a particular issuer, Series C Portfolio will be more susceptible to negative events affecting that issuer.

SMASh Series EC Portfolio

Series EC Portfolio has a flexible investment strategy and invests in a variety of securities and instruments and uses a variety of investment techniques in pursuing its objective. Under normal market conditions, Series EC Portfolio expects to invest primarily in any combination of U.S. dollar denominated and non-U.S. dollar denominated debt obligations (including loans and loan participations) of both U.S and non-U.S. issuers (including emerging market issuers) and in derivatives and other instruments relating to such investments. The portfolio managers generally may invest Series EC Portfolio’s assets in the securities of issuers located in several different countries, but may at times invest Series EC Portfolio’s assets in the securities of issuers located in only one country or in a relatively small number of countries, including in any emerging market country or countries. An emerging market country will be considered to be any country which, at the time of investment, is represented in the JP Morgan EMBI Global Index or categorized by the World Bank in its annual categorization as middle- or low-income. Currently, Series EC Portfolio does not contemplate investing 25% or more of its assets in a single country or a small number of countries, except the United States,

 

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Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, the Philippines or Russia. The portfolio managers may invest a significant portion of Series EC Portfolio’s assets in various industry sectors, to the extent consistent with Series EC Portfolio’s fundamental investment restrictions. In purchasing debt obligations for Series EC Portfolio, the portfolio managers may take full advantage of the entire range of maturities and durations, and may adjust the average maturity or duration of the investments held by Series EC Portfolio from time to time, depending on their assessment of the relative yields of securities of different maturities and durations and their expectations of future changes in interest rates.

Instead of investing directly in particular securities, Series EC Portfolio may gain exposure to a security or an issuer or a market by investing through the use of instruments such as derivatives, including credit default swaps, synthetic instruments and other instruments that are intended to provide similar economic exposure. Series EC Portfolio may use one or more types of such instruments to a substantial extent and even as its primary means of gaining investment exposures.

Series EC Portfolio may invest without limit in both investment grade and below investment grade debt obligations rated “C” or above by Standard & Poor’s (or the equivalent). Below investment grade debt obligations are commonly known as “junk bonds” or “high yield securities.” Series EC Portfolio may invest without limit in loans, loan participations and fixed-income securities that pay interest at rates that float or reset periodically at a margin above a generally recognized base lending rate such as the Prime Rate, the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate or another generally recognized base lending rate. Series EC Portfolio may also invest in structured notes, including total return swaps and credit-linked notes. The values of structured notes are linked to reference instruments, including currencies, other securities, interest rates, commodities, indices or other financial indicators, and a structured note’s interest rate or principal amount payable at maturity may vary based on changes in one or more reference instruments.

Series EC Portfolio may engage in a variety of transactions using derivatives, including but not limited to, options, swaps, including credit default swaps, and warrants. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of something else, such as one or more underlying investments, indexes or currencies. Derivatives may be used by Series EC Portfolio for any of the following purposes:

 

   

As a hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in Series EC Portfolio’s portfolio

 

   

As a substitute for buying or selling securities

 

   

As a cash flow management technique

 

   

For purposes of enhancing returns

Using derivatives, especially for non-hedging purposes, may involve greater risks to Series EC Portfolio than investing directly in securities, particularly as these instruments may be very complex and may not behave in the manner anticipated by Series EC Portfolio.

Certain risks associated with the use of derivatives are discussed below. Such risks are magnified to the extent that a large portion of Series EC Portfolio’s assets are committed to derivatives in general or are invested in just one or a few types of derivatives.

Series EC Portfolio from time to time sells protection on debt securities by entering into credit default swaps, a type of derivative transaction. In return for periodic payments, Series EC Portfolio is obligated to pay the counterparty if the bond which is the subject of the credit default swap defaults or is subject to a specified credit event. As the seller, Series EC Portfolio could be considered leveraged because, in addition to the investment exposure that it has on its assets, Series EC Portfolio is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

When Series EC Portfolio enters into derivative transactions, it may be required to segregate assets, or enter into offsetting positions, in accordance with applicable regulations. Such segregation will not limit Series EC Portfolio’s exposure to loss, however, and Series EC Portfolio will have investment risk with respect to both the derivative itself and the assets that have been segregated to cover Series EC Portfolio’s derivative exposure. Segregated assets cannot be sold by Series EC Portfolio unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets, and, as a result, the segregation of a large portion of Series EC Portfolio’s assets could impede portfolio management or Series EC Portfolio’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

Series EC Portfolio’s subadvisers may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons. Should the subadvisers choose to use derivatives, Series EC Portfolio will, in determining compliance with any percentage limitation or requirement regarding the use or investment of Series EC Portfolio assets, take into account derivative positions that are intended to reduce or create exposure to the applicable category of investments, even if they are not effective to achieve the desired result.

Series EC Portfolio may borrow in certain circumstances, to the extent consistent with Series EC Portfolio’s fundamental investment restrictions. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.” Certain trading practices, such as the use of derivatives for speculative purposes or investments in mortgage dollar rolls, may also result in economic leverage.

Principal risks of investing in Series EC Portfolio

Investors could lose money on their investment in Series EC Portfolio, or Series EC Portfolio may not perform as well as other investments, as a result of risks such as:

 

   

The obligor for a security owned by Series EC Portfolio fails to pay, otherwise defaults or is perceived to be less credit-worthy, or the security’s credit rating is downgraded. Debt securities held by Series EC Portfolio rated below investment grade are considered speculative because they have a higher risk of issuer default. Credit risk is broadly gauged by the credit ratings of the securities in which the Portfolio invests. However, ratings are only the opinions of the companies issuing them and are not absolute guarantees as to quality

 

   

Interest rates rise, causing the prices of fixed-income securities to decline and reducing the value of Series EC Portfolio’s portfolio. This is known as interest rate risk

 

   

Interest rates decline, causing the issuers of fixed-income securities held by Series EC Portfolio to pay principal earlier than scheduled or exercise a right to call the securities, forcing Series EC Portfolio to reinvest in lower yielding securities. This is known as prepayment or call risk. Securities subject to prepayment risk generally offer less potential for gains when interest rates decline, and may offer greater potential for losses when interest rates rise

 

   

Rising interest rates result in slower than expected principal prepayments, which effectively lengthens the maturity of affected securities, making them more sensitive to interest rate changes and the Portfolio’s share price more volatile. This is known as extension risk

 

   

The value of a security declines due to adverse factors affecting the bond markets generally, or the markets for certain types of securities or for securities relating to particular industries or sectors. This is sometimes known as market risk

 

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Adverse governmental action or political, economic or market instability affects a foreign country or region

 

   

An unhedged currency in which a security is priced declines in value relative to the U.S. dollar

 

   

The portfolio managers’ judgment about the attractiveness, relative yield, value or potential appreciation of a particular security, sector, country or region or about interest rate trends proves incorrect

 

   

Derivatives involve special risks and costs and may result in losses to Series EC Portfolio. Series EC Portfolio’s use of certain derivatives may in some cases involve forms of financial leverage, which involves risk and may increase the volatility of the Portfolio’s net asset value. Even a small investment in derivatives can have a disproportionate impact on Series EC Portfolio. Using derivatives can increase losses and reduce opportunities for gains when market prices, interest rates or currencies, or the derivative instruments themselves, behave in a way not anticipated by Series EC Portfolio. The other parties to certain derivative contracts present the same types of default risk as issuers of fixed income securities. Derivatives can also make Series EC Portfolio less liquid and harder to value, especially in changing markets

 

   

Credit default swap contracts involve special risks and may result in losses to Series EC Portfolio. Credit default swaps may in some cases be illiquid, and they increase credit risk since Series EC Portfolio has exposure to both the issuer of the referenced obligation and the counterparty to the credit default swap. As there is no central exchange or market for credit default swap transactions, they may be difficult to trade or value, especially in the event of market disruptions. The swap market is a relatively new market and is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swap market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect Series EC Portfolio’s ability to terminate existing credit default swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements

High yield securities, commonly known as “junk bonds,” are speculative and and their issuers may have diminished capacity to pay principal and interest. Compared to investment grade securities, high yield securities tend to have:

 

   

More volatile prices and increased price sensitivity to adverse economic and business developments. In addition, zero coupon bonds may be subject to greater fluctuations in market value than securities that pay interest periodically

 

   

Greater risk of loss due to default or declining credit quality

 

   

Greater likelihood that adverse economic or company specific events are likely to weaken the capacity of an issuer to make interest and/or principal payments

 

   

Greater susceptibility to negative market sentiments leading to depressed prices and decreased liquidity

Borrowing and other transactions used for leverage may cause the value of Series EC Portfolio’s shares to be more volatile than if Series EC Portfolio did not borrow or engage in such transactions. This is because leverage tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of Series EC Portfolio’s portfolio holdings. Leverage thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. To repay such obligations, Series EC Portfolio may have to sell securities at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to Series EC Portfolio. There also are costs associated with engaging in leverage, and these costs would offset and could eliminate the Series EC Portfolio’s net investment income in any given period.

Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events or defaults on a security held by Series EC Portfolio, or if an issuer of such a security has difficulty meeting its obligations, the Portfolio may become the holder of a restructured security or of underlying assets. In that case, the Portfolio may become the holder of securities or other assets at a time when those assets may be difficult to sell or can be sold only at a loss. The Portfolio may invest in securities which are subordinated to more senior securities of the issuer, or which represent interests in pools of such subordinated securities. Subordinated securities will be disproportionately affected by a default or even a perceived decline in creditworthiness of the issuer.

In addition, investing in foreign issuers, including emerging market issuers, may involve additional risks compared to investing in securities of U.S. issuers, including:

 

   

Adverse governmental action or political, economic or market instability affects a foreign country or region

 

   

Foreign securities, particularly securities of emerging market issuers, held by the Portfolio decline in value due to political or economic instability, lack of market liquidity or adverse government actions like currency controls or seizure of private businesses or property

Series EC Portfolio is classified as “non-diversified,” which means it may invest a larger percentage of its assets in one issuer than a diversified fund. To the extent Series EC Portfolio concentrates its assets in a particular issuer, Series EC Portfolio will be more susceptible to negative events affecting that issuer.

 

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SMASh Series MEC Portfolio

Under normal market conditions, Series MEC Portfolio expects to invest primarily in municipal securities and in derivatives and other instruments relating to such investments. Municipal securities include bonds and leases issued by any of the 50 states and certain other municipal issuers, political subdivisions, agencies and public authorities that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax (but may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax). Series MEC Portfolio may invest without limit in both investment grade and below investment grade debt obligations rated “C” or above by Standard & Poor’s (or the equivalent). Below investment grade securities are commonly known as “junk bonds” or “high yield securities.” In purchasing debt obligations for Series MEC Portfolio, the portfolio managers may take full advantage of the entire range of maturities and durations, and may adjust the average maturity or duration of the investments held by Series MEC Portfolio from time to time, depending on their assessment of the relative yields of securities of different maturities and durations and their expectations of future changes in interest rates.

Series MEC Portfolio may borrow in certain circumstances, to the extent consistent with Series MEC Portfolio’s investment restrictions. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.” Certain trading practices, such as the use of derivatives for speculative purposes or investments in mortgage dollar rolls, may result in economic leverage.

Instead of investing directly in particular securities, Series MEC Portfolio may gain exposure to a security or an issuer or a market by investing through the use of instruments such as derivatives, including credit default swaps, synthetic instruments and other instruments that are intended to provide similar economic exposure. Series MEC Portfolio may use one or more types of such instruments to a substantial extent and even as its primary means of gaining investment exposures.

Series MEC Portfolio may engage in a variety of transactions using derivatives, including but not limited to, options, swaps, and warrants. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of something else, such as one or more underlying investments, indexes or currencies. Derivatives may be used by Series MEC Portfolio for any of the following purposes:

 

   

As a hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in Series MEC Portfolio’s portfolio

 

   

As a substitute for buying or selling securities

 

   

As a cash flow management technique

 

   

For purposes of enhancing returns

Using derivatives, especially for non-hedging purposes, may involve greater risks to Series MEC Portfolio than investing directly in securities, particularly as these instruments may be very complex and may not behave in the manner anticipated by Series MEC Portfolio.

Certain risks associated with the use of derivatives are discussed below. Such risks are magnified to the extent that a large portion of Series MEC Portfolio’s assets are committed to derivatives in general or are invested in just one or a few types of derivatives.

Series MEC Portfolio from time to time sells protection on debt securities by entering into credit default swaps, a type of derivative transaction. In return for periodic payments, Series MEC Portfolio is obligated to pay the counterparty if the bond which is the subject of the credit default swap defaults or is subject to a specified credit event. As the seller, Series MEC Portfolio could be considered leveraged because, in addition to the investment exposure that it has on its assets, Series MEC Portfolio is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

When Series MEC Portfolio enters into derivative transactions, it may be required to segregate assets, or enter into offsetting positions, in accordance with applicable regulations. Such segregation will not limit Series MEC Portfolio’s exposure to loss, however, and Series MEC Portfolio will have investment risk with respect to both the derivative itself and the assets that have been segregated to cover Series MEC Portfolio’s derivative exposure. Segregated assets cannot be sold by Series MEC Portfolio unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets, and, as a result, the segregation of a large portion of a Series MEC Portfolio’s assets could impede portfolio management or Series MEC Portfolio’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

Series MEC Portfolio’s subadvisers may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons. Should the subadvisers choose to use derivatives, Series MEC Portfolio will, in determining compliance with any percentage limitation or requirement regarding the use or investment of Series MEC Portfolio assets, take into account derivative positions that are intended to reduce or create exposure to the applicable category of investments, even if they are not effective to achieve the desired result.

Principal risks of investing in Series MEC Portfolio

Investors could lose money on their investment in Series MEC Portfolio, or Series MEC Portfolio may not perform as well as other investments, as a result of risks such as:

 

   

The obligor for a security owned by Series MEC Portfolio fails to pay, otherwise defaults or is perceived to be less creditworthy, or the security’s credit rating is downgraded, or the credit quality or value of any underlying assets declines. Debt securities held by Series MEC Portfolio rated below investment grade are considered speculative because they have a higher risk of issuer default. Credit risk is broadly gauged by the credit ratings of the securities in which the Portfolio invests. However, ratings are only the opinions of the companies issuing them and are not absolute guarantees as to quality

 

   

Interest rates rise, causing the prices of fixed-income securities to decline and reducing the value of Series MEC Portfolio’s portfolio. This is known as interest rate risk

 

   

Interest rates decline, causing the issuers of fixed-income securities held by Series MEC Portfolio to pay principal earlier than scheduled or exercise a right to call the securities, forcing Series MEC Portfolio to reinvest in lower yielding securities. This is known as prepayment or call risk. Securities subject to prepayment risk generally offer less potential for gains when interest rates decline, and may offer greater potential for losses when interest rates rise

 

   

Rising interest rates result in slower than expected principal prepayments, which effectively lengthens the maturity of affected securities, making them more sensitive to interest rate changes and the Portfolio’s share price more volatile. This is known as extension risk

 

   

The value of a security declines due to adverse factors affecting bond markets generally, or municipal securities fall out of favor with investors. This is sometimes known as market risk

 

   

Unfavorable legislation affects the tax-exempt status of municipal securities

 

   

The portfolio managers’ judgment about the attractiveness, relative yield, value or potential appreciation of a particular security or sector or about interest rate trends proves incorrect

 

   

Derivatives involve special risks and costs and may result in losses to Series MEC Portfolio. Series MEC Portfolio’s use of certain derivatives may in some cases involve forms of financial leverage, which involves risk and may increase the volatility of the Portfolio’s net asset value. Even a small investment in derivatives can have a disproportionate impact on Series MEC Portfolio. Using derivatives can increase losses and reduce opportunities for gains when market prices, interest rates or currencies, or the derivative instruments themselves, behave in a way not anticipated by Series MEC Portfolio. The other parties to certain derivative contracts present the same types of default risk as issuers of fixed income securities. Derivatives can also make Series MEC Portfolio less liquid and harder to value, especially in changing markets

 

   

Derivatives involve special risks and costs and may result in losses to Series MEC Portfolio. Series MEC Portfolio’s use of certain derivatives may in some cases involve forms of financial leverage, which involves risk and may increase the volatility of the Portfolio’s net asset value. Even a small investment in derivatives can have a disproportionate impact on Series MEC Portfolio. Using derivatives can increase losses and reduce opportunities for gains when market prices, interest rates or currencies, or the derivative instruments themselves, behave in a way not anticipated by Series MEC Portfolio. The other parties to certain derivative contracts present the same types of default risk as issuers of fixed income securities. Derivatives can also make Series MEC Portfolio less liquid and harder to value, especially in changing markets

High yield securities, commonly known as “junk bonds,” are considered speculative and, compared to investment grade securities, tend to have:

 

   

More volatile prices and increased price sensitivity to adverse economic and business developments

 

   

Greater risk of loss due to default or declining credit quality

 

   

Greater likelihood that adverse economic or company specific events will make the issuer unable to make interest and/or principal payments

 

   

Greater susceptibility to negative market sentiments leading to depressed prices and decreased liquidity

 

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Upon the occurrence of certain triggering events or defaults on a security held by Series MEC Portfolio, or if an issuer of such a security has difficulty meeting its obligations, the Portfolio may become the holder of a restructured security or of underlying assets. In that case, the Portfolio may become the holder of securities or other assets at a time when those assets may be difficult to sell or can be sold only at a loss. The Portfolio may invest in securities which are subordinated to more senior securities of the issuer, or which represent interests in pools of such subordinated securities. Subordinated securities will be disproportionately affected by a default or even a perceived decline in creditworthiness of the issuer.

It is possible that some of Series MEC Portfolio’s income distributions may be, and distributions of Series MEC Portfolio’s gains generally will be, subject to federal taxation. Series MEC Portfolio may realize gains subject to regular federal income taxation on the sale of its securities or on transactions in derivatives. Distributions of Series MEC Portfolio’s income may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. In addition, distributions of Series MEC Portfolio’s income and gains will generally be subject to state and local personal income taxes and state and local corporate income and franchise taxes.

Series MEC Portfolio purchases municipal securities the interest on which, in the opinion of bond counsel, is exempt from federal income tax. Neither Series MEC Portfolio’s manager nor Series MEC Portfolio guarantees that this opinion is correct and there is no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) will agree with counsel’s opinion. If the IRS determines that an issuer of a municipal security has not complied with applicable tax requirements, then interest from the security could become subject to federal income tax, possibly retroactively to the date the security was issued, the value of the security could decline significantly and a portion of the distributions to Series MEC Portfolio shareholders could be recharacterized as taxable.

ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE RELATING TO INVESTMENT STRATEGIES

This section provides further information about the investment strategies that may be used by any of the Portfolios.

Percentage limitations and requirements

A Portfolio’s compliance with its investment limitations and requirements is usually determined at the time of investment.

Debt obligations

Subject to its particular investment policies, a Portfolio may invest in all types of debt obligations, which are securities used by issuers to borrow money. Debt obligations include bonds, notes (including structured notes), debentures, commercial paper and other money market instruments issued by banks, corporations, local, state and national governments and instrumentalities, both U.S. and foreign, and supranational entities, mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, convertible securities, and loan participations and assignments. Debt obligations may be fixed-income securities, or have various types of payment and reset terms or features, including adjustable rate, zero coupon, contingent, deferred, payment in kind and auction rate features. Certain types of debt obligations are described below.

 

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Distressed debt securities

Subject to its particular investment policies, a Portfolio may also invest in distressed debt securities. Distressed debt securities are debt securities that are subject to bankruptcy proceedings or are in default or are at imminent risk of being in default. Distressed debt securities are speculative and involve substantial risk. Generally, a Portfolio will invest in distressed debt securities when the portfolio managers believe they offer significant potential for higher returns or can be exchanged for other securities (e.g. equity securities) that offer this potential. However, there can be no assurance that the issuer will make an exchange offer or adopt a plan of reorganization. A Portfolio will generally not receive interest payments on distressed debt securities and may incur costs to protect its investment. In addition, principal may not be repaid. Distressed debt securities and any securities received in an exchange may be difficult to sell and may be subject to restrictions on resale.

Inflation-protected securities

Inflation-protected securities (“IPS”) are fixed-income securities that are structured to provide protection against inflation and whose principal value or coupon (interest payment) is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. If the index measuring inflation falls, the principal value or coupon of IPS will be adjusted downward. Consequently, the interest payable on these securities will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is not guaranteed for IPS. As a result, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.

U.S. TIPS are IPS issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the principal amounts of which are adjusted daily based upon changes in the rate of inflation (as currently represented by the non-seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (the “CPI”), calculated with a three-month lag). U.S. TIPS pay interest semi-annually, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. The interest rate on these bonds is fixed at issuance, but over the life of the bond, this interest may be paid on an increasing or decreasing principal amount that has been adjusted for inflation. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed. The current market value of U.S. TIPS is not guaranteed and will fluctuate.

 

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The value of IPS held by a Portfolio fluctuates in response to changes in real interest rates. In addition, if nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, causing real interest rates to rise, it will lead to a decrease in the value of IPS.

Sovereign government and supranational debt

A Portfolio may invest in all types of fixed-income securities of governmental issuers in all countries, including emerging markets. These sovereign debt securities may include:

 

   

Fixed-income securities issued or guaranteed by governments, governmental agencies or instrumentalities and political subdivisions located in emerging market countries

 

   

Fixed-income securities issued by government owned, controlled or sponsored entities located in emerging market countries

 

   

Interests in entities organized and operated for the purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of instruments issued by any of the above issuers

 

   

Brady Bonds, which are debt securities issued under the framework of the Brady Plan as a means for debtor nations to restructure their outstanding external indebtedness

 

   

Participations in loans between emerging market governments and financial institutions

 

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Fixed-income securities issued by supranational entities such as the World Bank or the European Economic Community. A supranational entity is a bank, commission or company established or financially supported by the national governments of one or more countries to promote reconstruction or development.

Sovereign government and supranational debt involve many of the risks described below of “Foreign and emerging markets investments” as well as the risk of debt moratorium, repudiation or renegotiation, and a Portfolio may be unable to enforce its rights against the issuers.

Yankee bonds

A Portfolio may invest in Yankee Bonds, which are U.S. dollar denominated fixed-income securities of foreign issuers. The value of these securities may decline (i) if the U.S. and/or foreign fixed-income markets decline, (ii) if an adverse event depresses the value of an issuer’s securities, or (iii) because of foreign government actions, political instability or limited availability of accurate information about foreign companies.

Dollar roll transactions

A Portfolio may enter into dollar roll transactions in which a Portfolio sells a fixed-income security for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to purchase substantially similar (same type, coupon and maturity) securities at an agreed upon future time and price. During this “roll” period, the Portfolio forgoes principal and interest paid on the security that is sold, but receives the difference between the current sales price and the forward price for the future purchase. The Portfolio would also be able to earn income by investing the proceeds of the initial sale. The obligation to purchase securities on a specified future date involves the risk that the market value of the securities that a Portfolio is obligated to purchase may decline below the purchase price. In addition, in the event the other party to the transaction files for bankruptcy, becomes insolvent or defaults on its obligation, a Portfolio may be adversely affected.

Dollar roll transactions may result in a form of leverage that increases a Portfolio’s sensitivity to interest rates and may increase the overall risk of investing in the Portfolio.

Foreign and emerging market investments

A Portfolio may invest in foreign securities, including those of issuers in emerging market countries. A Portfolio may invest directly in foreign issuers or invest in depositary receipts. Because the value of a depositary receipt is dependent upon the market price of an underlying foreign security, depositary receipts are subject to most of the risks associated with investing in foreign securities directly.

Investing in foreign issuers, including emerging market issuers, may involve additional risks compared to investing in the securities of U.S. issuers. Some of these risks do not apply to larger, more developed countries. These risks are more pronounced to the extent the Portfolio invests in issuers in countries with emerging markets or if the Portfolio invests significantly in one country. These risks may include the following:

 

   

Less information about non-U.S. issuers or markets may be available due to less rigorous disclosure and accounting standards or regulatory practices

 

   

Many non-U.S. markets are smaller, less liquid and more volatile than U.S. markets. In a changing market, the portfolio managers may not be able to sell the Portfolio’s portfolio securities in amounts and at prices the portfolio managers consider reasonable, or the Portfolio may have difficulty determining the fair value of its securities

 

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The U.S. dollar may appreciate against non-U.S. currencies or a foreign government may impose restrictions on currency conversion or trading

 

   

The economies of non-U.S. countries may grow at a slower rate than expected or may experience a downturn or recession

 

   

Economic, political and social developments may adversely affect non-U.S. securities markets

 

   

Certain emerging market countries, such as Russia, may be subject to a greater degree of economic, political and social instability than is the case in the United States and Western European countries. Such instability may result from, among other things: (i) authoritarian governments or military involvement in political and economic decision-making, including changes in government through extra-constitutional means; (ii) popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic and social conditions; (iii) internal insurgencies; (iv) hostile relations with neighboring countries; and (v) ethnic, religious and racial disaffection

Structured instruments

A Portfolio may invest in various types of structured instruments, including securities that have demand, tender or put features, or interest rate reset features. Structured instruments may take the form of participation interests or receipts in underlying securities or other assets, and in some cases are backed by a financial institution serving as a liquidity provider. Some of these instruments may have an interest rate swap feature which substitutes a floating or variable interest rate for the fixed interest rate on an underlying security and some may be asset-backed or mortgage-backed securities. Structured instruments are a type of derivative instrument and payment and credit qualities of these instruments derive from the assets embedded in the structure.

Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities

The Portfolios may invest in mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities may be issued by private companies including government related entities such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac or by agencies of the U.S. Government and represent direct or indirect participations in, or are collateralized by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property, including both residential and commercial property. Unlike mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies and instrumentalities, mortgage-related securities issued by private issuers do not have a government or government-sponsored entity guarantee (but may have other credit enhancement), and may, and frequently do, have less favorable collateral, credit risk or other underwriting characteristics. Asset-backed securities represent participations in, or are secured by and payable from, assets such as installment sales or loan contracts, leases, credit card receivables and other categories of receivables. Certain asset-backed securities present a heightened level of risk because, in the event of default, the liquidation value of the underlying assets may be inadequate to pay any unpaid principal or interest or may be nonexistent.

Certain debt instruments may only pay principal at maturity or may only represent the right to receive payments of principal or payments of interest on underlying pools of mortgages or government securities, but not both. The value of these types of instruments may change more drastically than debt securities that pay both principal and interest during periods of changing interest rates. Interest-only and principal-only mortgage-backed securities are especially sensitive to interest rate changes, which can affect not only their prices but can also change the prepayment assumptions about those investments and income flows a Portfolio receives from them. For mortgage derivatives and structured securities that have embedded leverage features, small changes in interest or prepayment rates may cause large and sudden price movements. Mortgage derivatives can also become illiquid and hard to value in declining markets.

Investments in corporate loans

A Portfolio may invest in corporate loans. The primary risk in an investment in corporate loans is that borrowers may be unable to meet their interest and/or principal payment obligations. A Portfolio may acquire an interest in corporate loans by purchasing both participations in and assignments of portions of corporate loans from third parties. Corporate loans in which a Portfolio may invest may be either collateralized or uncollateralized and senior or subordinate. Investments in uncollateralized and/or subordinate loans entail a greater risk of nonpayment than do investments in corporate loans that hold a more senior position in the borrower’s capital structure or are secured with collateral. A Portfolio’s policy limiting its investments in illiquid securities will be applicable to corporate loans, which are also subject to the risks generally associated with investments in illiquid securities.

 

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Investments in cash or money market instruments

A portion of a Portfolio’s total assets may be invested in cash and money market instruments at any time.

Illiquid securities

A Portfolio may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that the portfolio managers consider to be illiquid. The Portfolio may not be able to sell these illiquid investments at the best prices. Investments in derivatives, non-U.S. investments, restricted securities, securities having small market capitalization, and securities having substantial market and/or credit risk tend to involve greater liquidity risk.

Portfolio turnover

A Portfolio may engage in active and frequent trading to achieve its principal investment objective. This may lead to the realization and distribution to shareholders of higher capital gains, increasing their tax liability. Frequent trading also increases transaction costs, which could detract from Portfolio performance.

Defensive investing

A Portfolio may depart from its principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions in any type of money market instruments and short-term debt securities or cash without regard to any percentage limitations. If a Portfolio takes a temporary defensive position, it may be unable to achieve its investment objective.

Other investments

A Portfolio may also use other strategies and invest in other securities, including those that are described, along with their risks, in Part B of this Registration Statement. However, a Portfolio might not use all of the strategies and techniques or invest in all of the types of securities described in this Part A or in Part B of this Registration Statement, below. There also are many other factors, which are not described here, that could adversely affect an investment in a Portfolio and that could prevent a Portfolio from achieving its investment objective.

PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS

The Portfolios’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Portfolios’ portfolio securities are described in Part B of this Registration Statement.

 

Item 5. Management, Organization and Capital Structure.

MANAGER AND SUBADVISERS

Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA” or the “Manager”) is each Portfolios’ investment manager. LMPFA, with offices at 620 Eighth Avenue, 49th Floor, New York, New York 10018, is a recently-organized investment adviser that serves as the investment manager of the Portfolios and other Legg Mason-sponsored funds. LMPFA provides administrative and certain oversight services to the Portfolios. As of September 30, 2007, LMPFA’s total assets under management were approximately $190 billion. Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset”) and, for Series M, C and EC Portfolios, Western Asset Management Company Limited (“Western Asset Limited”) provide the day-to-day portfolio management of the Portfolios as subadvisers. Western Asset serves as subadviser to each Portfolio and has retained Western Asset Limited to serve as subadviser with respect to the non-U.S. dollar denominated portions of Series M, C and EC Portfolios.

Western Asset, established in 1971, has offices at 385 East Colorado Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91101. Western Asset Limited has offices at 10 Exchange Place, London, England. Western Asset and

 

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Western Asset Limited act as investment advisers to institutional accounts, such as corporate pension plans, mutual funds and endowment funds. As of September 30, 2007, Western Asset’s total assets under management were approximately $457 billion, and Western Asset Limited’s total assets under management were approximately $100 billion.

LMPFA, Western Asset and Western Asset Limited are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”). Legg Mason, whose principal executive offices are at 100 Light Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, is a global asset management company. As of December 31, 2007, Legg Mason’s asset management operations had aggregate assets under management of approximately $998 billion.

Portfolio Managers

Series M Portfolio

Series M Portfolio is managed by a team of portfolio managers, sector specialists and other investment professionals. The team is led by S. Kenneth Leech, Stephen A. Walsh, Ronald D. Mass and Mark S. Lindbloom. The portfolio managers are responsible for the day-to-day strategic oversight of Series M Portfolio’s investments and for supervising the day-to-day operations of the various sector specialist teams dedicated to the specific asset classes in which Series M Portfolio invests, and have served as portfolio managers to Series M Portfolio since its inception. The portfolio managers lead a larger team, and their focus is on portfolio structure, including sector allocation, duration weighting and term structure decisions. Messrs. Leech, Walsh and Mass also are portfolio managers at Western Asset and have been employed by Western Asset for more than five years. Mr. Lindbloom has been employed by Western Asset as a portfolio manager since 2006. Prior to that time, he was a Managing Director of Salomon Brothers Asset Management, Inc. and a senior portfolio manager responsible for managing its Mortgage/Corporate Group and was associated with Citigroup Inc. (“Citigroup”) or its predecessor companies since 1986.

Series C Portfolio

Series C Portfolio is managed by a team of portfolio managers, sector specialists and other investment professionals. The team is led by Mr. Leech, Mr. Walsh and Jeffrey D. Van Schaick. The portfolio managers are responsible for the day-to-day strategic oversight of Series C Portfolio’s investments and for supervising the day-to-day operations of the various sector specialist teams dedicated to the specific asset classes in which Series C Portfolio invests, and have served as portfolio managers to Series C Portfolio since its inception. The portfolio managers lead a larger team, and their focus is on portfolio structure, including sector allocation, duration weighting and term structure decisions. They also are portfolio managers of Western Asset and have been employed by Western Asset as portfolio managers for more than five years.

Series EC Portfolio

Series EC Portfolio is managed by a team of portfolio managers, sector specialists and other investment professionals led by Mr. Leech, Mr. Walsh, Michael C. Buchanan, Timothy J. Settel and Keith J. Gardner. The portfolio managers are responsible for the day-to-day strategic oversight of Series EC Portfolio’s investments and for supervising the day-to-day operations of the various sector specialist teams dedicated to the specific asset classes in which Series EC Portfolio invests, and have served as portfolio managers to Series EC Portfolio since its inception. The portfolio managers lead a larger team, and their focus is on portfolio structure, including sector allocation, duration weighting and term structure decisions. Messrs. Leech, Walsh, Settel and Gardner are portfolio managers of Western Asset and have been employed by Western Asset for more than five years. Mr. Buchanan has been employed by Western Asset as a portfolio manager since 2005. Prior to that time, he was a Managing Director and head of U.S. Credit Products at Credit Suisse Asset Management from 2003 to 2005. Mr. Buchanan served as Executive Vice President and portfolio manager for Janus Capital Management in 2003. Prior to joining Janus Capital Management, Mr. Buchanan was a Managing Director and head of High Yield Trading at Blackrock Financial Management from 1998 to 2003.

 

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Series MEC Portfolio

Series MEC Portfolio is managed by a team of portfolio managers, sector specialists and other investment professionals. The team is led by Mr. Leech, Mr. Walsh, Ronald E. Perry, Joseph P. Deane and Robert E. Amodeo. The portfolio managers are responsible for the day-to-day strategic oversight of Series MEC Portfolio’s investments and for supervising the day-to-day operations of the various sector specialist teams dedicated to the specific asset classes in which Series MEC Portfolio invests, and have served as portfolio managers to Series MEC Portfolio since its inception. The portfolio managers lead a larger team, and their focus is on portfolio structure, including sector allocation, duration weighting and term structure decisions. Messrs. Leech and Walsh are portfolio managers of Western Asset and have been employed by Western Asset for more than five years. Messrs. Perry, Deane and Amodeo have been employed by Western Asset as portfolio managers since 2005. Prior to that time, Mr. Perry was a portfolio manager with Citigroup Asset Management from 1983 to 2005; Mr. Deane was a Managing Director with Citigroup Asset Management from 1993 to 2005; and Mr. Amodeo was a Managing Director and portfolio manager with Salomon Brothers Asset Management Inc. from 1992 to 2005. Mr. Deane has been with Legg Mason or its predecessor firms since 1972.

Part B to this Registration Statement provides additional information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the portfolio manager’s ownership of securities of the Portfolios.

MANAGEMENT FEES

None of the Portfolios pays an advisory or other fee for investment or subadvisory services to LMPFA, Western Asset or Western Asset Limited.

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustee’s (the “Board”) approval of each Portfolio’s management and subadvisory agreements is available in the Trust’s Annual Report for the period ended October 31, 2007.

CAPITAL STOCK

Investments in the Portfolios have no preference, pre-emptive or conversion rights and are fully paid and non-assessable. The Portfolios are not required and have no current intention to hold annual meetings of investors, but the Portfolios hold special meetings of investors when in the judgment of the Trustees it is necessary or desirable to submit matters for an investor vote. Investors have under certain circumstances (e.g., upon application and submission of certain documents to the Trustees by a specified number of investors) the right to communicate with other investors in connection with requesting a meeting of investors for the purpose of removing one or more Trustees. Upon liquidation or dissolution of a Portfolio, investors would be entitled to share pro rata in the net assets of the Portfolios available for distribution to investors.

Each Portfolio is organized as a series of a Maryland business trust under the laws of the State of Maryland. Under the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees are authorized to issue beneficial interests in the Portfolios. Each investor is entitled to a vote in proportion to the value of its investment in the Portfolios. Investments in the Portfolios may be transferred with prior written consent of the Trustees, and an investor may withdraw all or any portion of its investment at any time at net asset value. The Trustees may cause an investor’s interests to be redeemed under certain circumstances.

 

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Item 6. Investor Information.

HOW NET INCOME IS CALCULATED

Each of the Portfolios calculates its net income every day the NYSE is open. This calculation is done when regular trading closes on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). All of a Portfolio’s net income so determined is allocated pro rata among the investors in the Portfolio at the time of such determination.

The NYSE currently is scheduled to be closed on New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas, and on the preceding Friday or subsequent Monday when one of these holidays falls on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively.

It is intended that each Portfolio’s assets, income and distributions will be managed in such a way that an investor in the Portfolio will be able to satisfy the qualification requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), assuming that the investor invested all of its investable assets in that Portfolio.

THE PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN THE PORTFOLIOS

Beneficial interests in the Portfolios are issued solely in private placement transactions that do not involve any “public offering” within the meaning of Section 4(2) of the of 1933 Act. Only investment companies, insurance company separate accounts, common or commingled trust funds or similar organizations or entities that are “accredited investors” within the meaning of Regulation D under the 1933 Act may invest in the Portfolios. This Registration Statement is not an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, any “security” within the meaning of the 1933 Act.

An investment in a Portfolio may be made without a sales load. All investments are made at net asset value next determined after an order is received by a Portfolio.

The Board has approved procedures to be used to value each Portfolio’s securities for the purposes of determining the Portfolio’s net asset value. The valuation of the securities of the Portfolio is determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board. The Board has delegated certain valuation functions for the Portfolios to the Manager.

Each of the Portfolios generally values its securities based on market prices determined at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Each Portfolio’s currency valuations, if any, are done as of when the London Stock Exchange closes, which is usually at 12 noon Eastern time, as the Manager believes that these valuations typically reflect the largest trading volume in the foreign currency markets. A material change in the value of currency during the period between the close of the London Stock Exchange and the calculation of a Portfolio’s net asset value on the same date is considered a significant event, as described below, in response to which the Portfolio may use fair valuation procedures to value the affected investments. The market price for debt obligations is generally the price supplied by the independent third party pricing service approved by the Board, which may use a matrix, formula or other objective method that takes into consideration market indices, yield curves and other specific adjustments.

If vendors are unable to supply a price, or if the price supplied is deemed by the Manager to be unreliable, the market price may be determined using quotations received from one or more brokers/dealers that make a market in the security. When such prices or quotations are not available, or when the Manager believes that they are unreliable, the Manager may price securities using fair value procedures approved

 

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by the Board. Because the Portfolios may invest in securities of issuers located in emerging markets and securities rated below investment grade — some of which may be thinly traded, for which market quotations may not be readily available or may be unreliable — the Portfolios may use fair valuation procedures more frequently than funds that invest primarily in securities that are more liquid, such as securities of domestic issuers. It may also use fair value procedures if the Manager determines that a significant event has occurred between the time at which a market price is determined and the time at which the Portfolio’s net asset value is calculated. In particular, the value of foreign securities may be materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which they are valued, but before it prices its shares.

Valuing securities at fair value involves greater reliance on judgment than valuation of securities based on readily available market quotations. A fund that uses fair value to price securities may value those securities higher or lower than another fund using market quotations or its own fair value methodologies to price the same securities. There can be no assurance that a Portfolio could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Portfolio determines its net asset value.

Short-term obligations held by the Portfolios that will mature in 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless it is determined that using this method would not reflect an investment’s fair value. If vendors are unable to supply a price, or if the price supplied is deemed by the Manager to be unreliable, the market price may be determined using quotations received from one or more broker/dealers that make a market in the security.

There is no minimum initial or subsequent investment in any Portfolio.

Each Portfolio reserves the right to cease accepting investments at any time or to reject any investment order.

Effective January 1, 2008, the Portfolios generally will not permit shares to be purchased by or on behalf of non-resident aliens with a non-U.S. address. Shares may be purchased by or on behalf of U.S. citizens with an APO/FPO address or an address in the U.S. (including its territories) and resident aliens with a U.S. address. Subject to the requirements of local law, U.S. citizens residing in foreign countries are permitted to purchase shares of the Portfolios.

An investor in a Portfolio may withdraw all or any portion of its investment at any time at the net asset value next determined after a withdrawal request in proper form is furnished by the investor to the Portfolio. The proceeds of a withdrawal will be paid by the Portfolio in federal funds normally one business day after the business day the withdrawal is effected, but in any event within seven days. Investments in each Portfolio may be transferred only with the prior written consent of the Portfolio’s Trustees (which consent may be withheld in the Trustees’ sole discretion).

Subject to compliance with applicable regulations, each Portfolio may pay the redemption price of beneficial interests in the Portfolio, either totally or partially, by a distribution in kind of readily marketable securities (instead of cash). The securities so distributed would be valued at the same amount as that assigned to them in calculating the net asset value for the beneficial interests being redeemed. If a holder of beneficial interests received a distribution in kind, such holder could incur brokerage or other charges in converting the securities into cash.

The right of any investor to receive payment with respect to any withdrawal may be suspended or the payment of the withdrawal proceeds postponed during any period in which the NYSE is closed (other than weekends or holidays) or trading on the NYSE is restricted, or, to the extent otherwise permitted by the 1940 Act, if an emergency exists.

 

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FREQUENT PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF PORTFOLIO SHARES

Frequent purchases and redemptions of Portfolio interests may interfere with the efficient management of a Portfolio’s portfolio by its portfolio managers, increase portfolio transaction costs, and have a negative effect on the Portfolio’s long-term investors. For example, in order to handle large flows of cash into and out of a Portfolio, the portfolio managers may need to allocate more assets to cash or other short-term investments or sell securities, rather than maintaining full investment in securities selected to achieve the Portfolio’s investment objective. Frequent trading may cause a Portfolio to sell securities at less favorable prices. Transaction costs, such as brokerage commissions and market spreads, can detract from a Portfolio’s performance. In addition, the return received by long-term investors may be reduced when trades by other investors are made in an effort to take advantage of certain pricing discrepancies, when, for example, it is believed that a Portfolio’s share price, which is determined at the close of the NYSE on each trading day, does not accurately reflect the value of the Portfolio’s portfolio securities. Funds investing in foreign securities have been particularly susceptible to this form of arbitrage, but other funds could also be affected.

Because of the potential harm to funds in the Legg Mason Partners fund complex and their long-term shareholders, the Portfolios’ Board has approved policies and procedures that are intended to discourage and prevent excessive trading and market timing abuses through the use of various surveillance techniques. Under these policies and procedures, a Portfolio may limit additional exchanges or purchases of Portfolio interests by investors who are believed by LMPFA to be engaged in these abusive trading activities in the Portfolio or in other funds within the fund complex. In the event that an exchange request is rejected, the investor may nonetheless redeem its shares. The intent of the policies and procedures is not to inhibit legitimate strategies, such as asset allocation, dollar cost averaging, or similar activities that may nonetheless result in frequent trading of Portfolio interests.

Under each Portfolio’s policies and procedures, the Portfolio reserves the right to restrict or reject purchases of shares (including exchanges) without prior notice whenever a pattern of excessive trading by an investor is detected within the fund complex. A committee established by LMPFA administers the policy. The policy provides that the committee will use its best efforts to restrict an investor’s trading privileges in the Legg Mason Partners funds complex if that investor has engaged in a total of four or more “Round Trips” across all Legg Mason Partners funds during any rolling 12-month period. However, the committee has the discretion to determine that restricting an investor’s trading privileges is not necessary (or that a new limit on Round Trips should be established for the investor) if it is determined that the pattern of trading is not abusive or harmful. In making such a determination, the committee will consider, among other things, the nature of the investor’s account, the reason for the frequent trading, the amount of trading and the particular funds in which the trading has occurred. Additionally, the committee has the discretion to make inquiries or to take action against any investor whose trading appears inconsistent with the frequent trading policy. Examples of the types of actions the committee may take to deter excessive trading in an account include restricting the investor from purchasing additional shares in a Portfolio altogether or imposing other restrictions (such as requiring purchase orders to be submitted by mail) that would deter the investor from trading frequently in the Portfolios.

A “Round Trip” is defined as a purchase (including subscriptions and exchanges) into a Portfolio followed by a sale (including redemptions and exchanges) of the same or a similar number of interests out of the Portfolio within 30 days of such purchase. Purchases and sales of a Portfolio’s interests pursuant to an automatic investment plan or similar program for periodic transactions are not considered in determining Round Trips. For purposes of these policies and procedures, the Legg Mason Partners funds complex also includes certain Western Asset funds and Barrett Opportunity Fund, Inc., but does not include money market funds.

The policies apply to any account, whether an individual account or accounts with financial intermediaries such as investment advisers, broker/dealers or retirement plan administrators commonly called omnibus accounts, where the intermediary holds Portfolio interests for a number of its customers in one account. A Portfolio’s ability to monitor trading in omnibus accounts may, however, be severely limited due to the lack of access to an individual investor’s trading activity when orders are placed through these types of account. There may also be operational and technological limitations on the ability of the Portfolio’s service providers to identify or terminate frequent trading activity within the various types of omnibus accounts. The Portfolios’ distributors have entered into agreements with intermediaries requiring the intermediaries to, among other things, help identify frequent trading activity and to prohibit further purchases or exchanges by an investor identified as having engaged in frequent trading.

The Portfolios’ policies also require personnel such as portfolio managers and investment staff to report any abnormal or otherwise suspicious investment activity, and prohibit short-term trades by such personnel for their own account in mutual funds managed by LMPFA and its affiliates, other than money market funds. Additionally, each Portfolio has adopted policies and procedures to prevent the selective release of information about the Portfolio’s portfolio holdings as such information may be used for market-timing and similar abusive practices.

The Portfolios’ policies provide for ongoing assessment of the effectiveness of current policies and surveillance tools, and the Board reserves the right to modify these or adopt additional policies and restrictions in the future. Investors should be aware, however, that any surveillance techniques currently employed by a Portfolio or other techniques that may be adopted in the future may not be effective. As noted above, if a Portfolio is unable to detect and deter trading abuses, the Portfolio’s performance, and its long-term investors, may be harmed. In addition, a Portfolio may be harmed by the extra costs and portfolio management inefficiencies that result from frequent trading of Portfolio interests, even when the trading is not for abusive purposes. Furthermore, a Portfolio may not apply its policies consistently or uniformly, resulting in the risk that some investors may be able to engage in frequent trading while others will bear the costs and effects of that trading. A Portfolio will provide advance notice to investors and prospective investors of any specific restrictions on the trading of Portfolio shares that the Board may adopt in the future.

Because the Portfolios are designed to be components of separately managed accounts that also invest, at the direction of or based on the advice of the managed account adviser, in individual securities and other investments, Portfolio shares may be purchased or redeemed on a frequent basis for rebalancing purposes or in order to invest new money (including through dividend reinvestment) or to accommodate reductions in account size. The Portfolios are managed in a manner that is consistent with their role in separately managed accounts. Because all purchase and redemption orders are initiated by or based on the advice of the managed account adviser, managed account clients are not in a position to effect purchase and redemption orders and are, therefore, unable to directly trade in Portfolios interests.

TAX MATTERS

Each Portfolio expects to be treated as a separate partnership for federal income tax purposes. As a result, no Portfolio expects to pay any federal income or excise taxes, and, generally, investors in the Portfolios should not recognize income or loss for federal income tax purposes when they make an investment of cash in the Portfolios or when they receive distributions or make withdrawals from the Portfolios unless cash distributions or withdrawals exceed an investor’s adjusted basis in its interest in the applicable Portfolio. However, each investor, in determining its own federal income and excise tax liabilities, if any, will have to include the investor’s distributive share from time to time of the applicable Portfolio’s ordinary income, expenses, capital gains or losses, credits, and other items, whether or not distributed.

 

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Each Portfolio also expects that investors which seek to qualify as regulated investment companies under Subchapter M of the Code will be able to look to their proportionate share of the assets and gross income of the Portfolio for purposes of determining their compliance with the qualification requirements applicable to such companies under Subchapter M.

The foregoing tax discussion is only for an investor’s general information, and does not take account of the special rules applicable to investors subject to special tax rules (such as tax-exempt investors) or to a number of special circumstances. Each investor should consult its own tax advisers based on that investor’s particular circumstances regarding the tax consequences of an investment in each Portfolio, as well as any state, local or foreign tax consequences to that investor of investing in the Portfolio.

 

Item 7. Distribution Arrangements.

The exclusive placement agent for the Portfolios is Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC, which receives no compensation for serving as the Portfolios’ exclusive placement agent.

 

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PART B

 

Item 9. Cover Page and Table of Contents.

This Part B sets forth information with respect to SMASh Series M Portfolio, SMASh Series C Portfolio, SMASh Series EC Portfolio, and SMASh Series MEC Portfolio (each a “Portfolio” and collectively the “Portfolios”), each a series of Master Portfolio Trust. The Trust is an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The date of this Part B and Part A to the Registration Statement for the Portfolios is April 10, 2008.

 

Table of Contents

   Page

Portfolio History

   B-2  

Description of Each Portfolio and Its Investments and Risks

   B-2  

Management of the Portfolios

   B-63

Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities

   B-78

Investment Advisory and Other Services

   B-78

Portfolio Managers

   B-81

Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices

   B-87

Capital Stock and Other Securities

   B-88

Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Securities

   B-91

Taxation of Each Portfolio

   B-92

Underwriters

   B-94

Calculation of Performance Data

   B-94

Financial Statements

   B-94

Appendix A - Proxy Voting Policies & Procedures

   B-95


Item 10. Portfolio History.

Each Portfolio was designated as a series of Institutional Portfolio under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on December 21, 2006. On April 16, 2007, each Portfolio became a series of Master Portfolio Trust, a Maryland Business Trust.

 

Item 11. Description of Each Portfolio and Its Investments and Risks.

The investment objective of each Series M Portfolio, Series C Portfolio and Series EC Portfolio is to maximize total return consisting of capital appreciation and income, consistent with prudent investment management.

The investment objective of Series MEC Portfolio is to maximize current income exempt from regular federal income tax.

There can, of course, be no assurance that any Portfolio will achieve its investment objective. The investment objective and investment policies of each Portfolio may be changed without the approval of the investors in the Portfolio.

SMASh Series M Portfolio

Under normal market conditions, Series M Portfolio expects to invest primarily in a combination of U.S. dollar denominated and non-U.S. dollar denominated investment grade debt obligations of both U.S. and non-U.S. issuers (including emerging market issuers) and in derivatives and other instruments relating to such investments. An emerging market country will be considered to be any country which, at the time of investment, is represented in the JP Morgan EMBI Global Index or categorized by the World Bank in its annual categorization as middle- or low-income. Series M Portfolio intends to invest a substantial portion of its assets in mortgage-related securities, U.S. government securities and money market instruments. The mortgage-related securities in which Series M Portfolio intends to invest include securities issued by agencies of the U.S. government or by private companies, including commercial mortgage-backed securities. Additionally, Series M Portfolio intends to invest in asset-backed and inflation-protected securities and to engage in dollar rolls on mortgage-related securities.

Instead of investing directly in particular securities, Series M Portfolio may gain exposure to a security or an issuer or a market by investing through the use of instruments such as derivatives, including credit default swaps, synthetic instruments and other instruments that are intended to provide similar economic exposure. Series M Portfolio may use one or more types of such instruments to a substantial extent and even as its primary means of gaining investment exposures.

Series M Portfolio may engage in a variety of transactions using derivatives, including but not limited to, options, swaps, including credit default swaps, and warrants. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of something else, such as one or more underlying investments, indexes or currencies. Derivatives may be used by Series M Portfolio for any of the following purposes:

 

   

As hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in Series M Portfolio’s portfolio

 

   

As a substitute for buying or selling securities

 

   

As a cash flow management technique

 

   

For purposes of enhancing returns

Using derivatives, especially for non-hedging purposes, may involve greater risks to Series M Portfolio than investing directly in securities, particularly as these instruments may be very complex and may not behave in the manner anticipated by Series M Portfolio.

Certain risks associated with the use of derivatives are discussed below. Such risks are magnified to the extent that a large portion of Series M Portfolio’s assets are committed to derivatives in general or are invested in just one or a few types of derivatives.

Series M Portfolio from time to time sells protection on debt securities by entering into credit default swaps, a type of derivative transaction. In return for periodic payments, Series M Portfolio is obligated to pay the counterparty if the bond which is the subject of the credit default swap defaults or is subject to a specified credit event. As the seller, Series M Portfolio could be considered leveraged because, in addition to the investment exposure that it has on its assets, Series M Portfolio is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

When Series M Portfolio enters into derivative transactions, it may be required to segregate assets, or enter into offsetting positions, in accordance with applicable regulations. Such segregation will not limit Series M Portfolio’s exposure to loss, however, and Series M Portfolio will have investment risk with respect to both the derivative itself and the assets that have been segregated to cover Series M Portfolio’s derivative exposure. Segregated assets cannot be sold by Series M Portfolio unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets, and, as a result, the segregation of a large portion of a Series M Portfolio’s assets could impede portfolio management or Series M Portfolio’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

Series M Portfolio’s subadvisers may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons. Should the subadvisers choose to use derivatives, Series M Portfolio will, in determining compliance with any percentage limitation or requirement regarding the use or investment of Series M Portfolio assets, take into account derivative positions that are intended to reduce or create exposure to the applicable category of investments, even if they are not effective to achieve the desired result.

Series M Portfolio may borrow in certain circumstances, to the extent consistent with its fundamental investment restrictions. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.” Certain trading practices, such as the use of derivatives for speculative purposes or investments in mortgage dollar rolls, may also result in economic leverage.

Series M Portfolio’s target average effective duration is expected to range between 6 months to 10 years. Series M Portfolio’s average effective duration may fall outside of its expected average effective duration range due to market movements. If this happens, the portfolio managers will take action to bring Series M Portfolio’s average effective duration back within Series M Portfolio’s expected average effective duration range within a reasonable period of time. The duration of a fixed-income security is the weighted average maturity, expressed in years, of the present value of all future cash flows, including coupon payments and principal repayments. Each year of duration represents an expected 1% change in the price of a bond for every 1% change in interest rates. For example, if a bond has a duration of 4 years, its price will fall about 4% when interest rates rise by 1%. Like duration, effective duration measures the expected sensitivity of market price to changes in interest rates, but takes into account unique aspects of certain bonds (for example, some bonds can be prepaid by the issuer).

 

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SMASh Series C Portfolio

Series C Portfolio invests in a portfolio of debt obligations of various maturities. Under normal market conditions, Series C Portfolio expects to invest primarily in corporate obligations and in derivatives and other instruments relating to such investments. Series C Portfolio currently limits its investments to U.S. dollar denominated investment grade debt obligations.

Series C Portfolio is also permitted to invest in the securities of non-U.S. issuers. The portfolio managers generally may invest Series C Portfolio’s assets in the securities of issuers located in several different countries, but may at times invest Series C Portfolio’s assets in the securities of issuers located in only one country or in a relatively small number of countries, including in any emerging market country or countries. An emerging market country will be considered to be any country which, at the time of investment, is represented in the JP Morgan EMBI Global Index or categorized by the World Bank in its annual categorization as middle- or low-income. Currently Series C Portfolio does not contemplate investing 25% or more of its assets in a single country or a small number of countries, except in the United States, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, the Philippines or Russia. The portfolio managers may invest a significant portion of Series C Portfolio’s assets in various industry sectors, to the extent consistent with Series C Portfolio’s investment restrictions. In purchasing debt obligations for Series C Portfolio, the portfolio managers may take full advantage of the entire range of maturities and durations, and may adjust the average maturity or duration of the investments held by Series C Portfolio from time to time, depending on their assessment of the relative yields of securities of different maturities and durations and their expectations of future changes in interest rates.

Instead of investing directly in particular securities, Series C Portfolio may gain exposure to a security or an issuer or a market by investing through the use of instruments such as derivatives, including credit default swaps, synthetic instruments and other instruments that are intended to provide similar economic exposure. Series C Portfolio may use one or more types of such instruments to a substantial extent and even as its primary means of gaining investment exposures.

Series C Portfolio may engage in a variety of transactions using derivatives, including but not limited to, options, swaps, including credit default swaps, and warrants. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of something else, such as one or more underlying investments, indexes or currencies. Derivatives may be used by Series C Portfolio for any of the following purposes:

 

   

As hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in Series C Portfolio’s portfolio

 

   

As a substitute for buying or selling securities

 

   

As a cash flow management technique

 

   

For purposes of enhancing returns

Using derivatives, especially for non-hedging purposes, may involve greater risks to Series C Portfolio than investing directly in securities, particularly as these instruments may be very complex and may not behave in the manner anticipated by Series C Portfolio.

Certain risks associated with the use of derivatives are discussed below. Such risks are magnified to the extent that a large portion of Series C Portfolio’s assets are committed to derivatives in general or are invested in just one or a few types of derivatives.

Series C Portfolio from time to time sells protection on debt securities by entering into credit default swaps, a type of derivative transaction. In return for periodic payments, Series C Portfolio is obligated to pay the counterparty if the bond which is the subject of the credit default swap defaults or is subject to a specified credit event. As the seller, Series C Portfolio could be considered leveraged because, in addition to the investment exposure that it has on its assets, Series C Portfolio is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

When Series C Portfolio enters into derivative transactions, it may be required to segregate assets, or enter into offsetting positions, in accordance with applicable regulations. Such segregation will not limit Series C Portfolio’s exposure to loss, however, and Series C Portfolio will have investment risk with respect to both the derivative itself and the assets that have been segregated to cover Series C Portfolio’s derivative exposure. Segregated assets cannot be sold by Series C Portfolio unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets, and, as a result, the segregation of a large portion of Series C Portfolio’s assets could impede portfolio management or Series C Portfolio’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

Series C Portfolio’s subadvisers may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons. Should the subadvisers choose to use derivatives, Series C Portfolio will, in determining compliance with any percentage limitation or requirement regarding the use or investment of Series C Portfolio assets, take into account derivative positions that are intended to reduce or create exposure to the applicable category of investments, even if they are not effective to achieve the desired result.

SMASh Series EC Portfolio

Series EC Portfolio has a flexible investment strategy and invests in a variety of securities and instruments and uses a variety of investment techniques in pursuing its objective. Under normal market conditions, Series EC Portfolio expects to invest primarily in any combination of U.S. dollar denominated and non-U.S. dollar denominated debt obligations (including loans and loan participations) of both U.S and non-U.S. issuers (including emerging market issuers) and in derivatives and other instruments relating to such investments. The portfolio managers generally may invest Series EC Portfolio’s assets in the securities of issuers located in several different countries, but may at times invest Series EC Portfolio’s assets in the securities of issuers located in only one country or in a relatively small number of countries, including in any emerging market country or countries. An emerging market country will be considered to be any country which, at the time of investment, is represented in the JP Morgan EMBI Global Index or categorized by the World Bank in its annual categorization as middle- or low-income. Currently, Series EC Portfolio does not contemplate investing 25% or more of its assets in a single country or a small number of countries, except the United States, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, the Philippines or Russia. The portfolio managers may invest a significant portion of Series EC Portfolio’s assets in various industry sectors, to the extent consistent with Series EC Portfolio’s fundamental investment restrictions. In purchasing debt obligations for Series EC Portfolio, the portfolio managers may take full advantage of the entire range of maturities and durations, and may adjust the average maturity or duration of the investments held by Series EC Portfolio from time to time, depending on their assessment of the relative yields of securities of different maturities and durations and their expectations of future changes in interest rates.

Instead of investing directly in particular securities, Series EC Portfolio may gain exposure to a security or an issuer or a market by investing through the use of instruments such as derivatives, including credit default swaps, synthetic instruments and other instruments that are intended to provide similar economic exposure. Series EC Portfolio may use one or more types of such instruments to a substantial extent and even as its primary means of gaining investment exposures.

Series EC Portfolio may invest without limit in both investment grade and below investment grade debt obligations. Below investment grade debt obligations are commonly known as “junk bonds” or “high yield securities.” Series EC Portfolio may invest without limit in loans, loan participations and fixed-income securities that pay interest at rates that float or reset periodically at a margin above a generally recognized base lending rate such as the Prime Rate, the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate or another generally recognized base lending rate. Series EC Portfolio may also invest in structured notes, including total return swaps and credit-linked notes. The values of structured notes are linked to reference instruments, including currencies, other securities, interest rates, commodities, indices or other financial indicators, and a structured note’s interest rate or principal amount payable at maturity may vary based on

 

B-3


changes in one or more reference instruments.

Series EC Portfolio may engage in a variety of transactions using derivatives, including but not limited to, options, swaps, including credit default swaps, and warrants. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of something else, such as one or more underlying investments, indexes or currencies. Derivatives may be used by Series EC Portfolio for any of the following purposes:

 

   

As hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in Series EC Portfolio’s portfolio

 

   

As a substitute for buying or selling securities

 

   

As a cash flow management technique

 

   

For purposes of enhancing returns

Using derivatives, especially for non-hedging purposes, may involve greater risks to Series EC Portfolio than investing directly in securities, particularly as these instruments may be very complex and may not behave in the manner anticipated by Series EC Portfolio.

Certain risks associated with the use of derivatives are discussed below. Such risks are magnified to the extent that a large portion of Series EC Portfolio’s assets are committed to derivatives in general or are invested in just one or a few types of derivatives.

Series EC Portfolio from time to time sells protection on debt securities by entering into credit default swaps, a type of derivative transaction. In return for periodic payments, Series EC Portfolio is obligated to pay the counterparty if the bond which is the subject of the credit default swap defaults or is subject to a specified credit event. As the seller, Series EC Portfolio could be considered leveraged because, in addition to the investment exposure that it has on its assets, Series EC Portfolio is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

When Series EC Portfolio enters into derivative transactions, it may be required to segregate assets, or enter into offsetting positions, in accordance with applicable regulations. Such segregation will not limit Series EC Portfolio’s exposure to loss, however, and Series EC Portfolio will have investment risk with respect to both the derivative itself and the assets that have been segregated to cover Series EC Portfolio’s derivative exposure. Segregated assets cannot be sold by Series EC Portfolio unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets, and, as a result, the segregation of a large portion of Series EC Portfolio’s assets could impede portfolio management or Series EC Portfolio’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

Series EC Portfolio’s subadvisers may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons. Should the subadvisers choose to use derivatives, Series EC Portfolio will, in determining compliance with any percentage limitation or requirement regarding the use or investment of Series EC Portfolio assets, take into account derivative positions that are intended to reduce or create exposure to the applicable category of investments, even if they are not effective to achieve the desired result.

Series EC Portfolio may borrow in certain circumstances, to the extent consistent with Series EC Portfolio’s fundamental investment restrictions. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.” Certain trading practices, such as the use of derivatives for speculative purposes or investments in mortgage dollar rolls, may also result in economic leverage.

SMASh Series MEC Portfolio

Under normal market conditions, Series MEC Portfolio expects to invest primarily in municipal securities and in derivatives and other instruments relating to such investments. Municipal securities include bonds and leases issued by any of the 50 states and certain other municipal issuers, political subdivisions, agencies and public authorities that pay interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax (but may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax). Series MEC Portfolio may invest without limit in both investment grade and below investment grade debt obligations. Below investment grade securities are commonly known as “junk bonds” or “high yield securities.” In purchasing debt obligations for Series MEC Portfolio, the portfolio managers may take full advantage of the entire range of maturities and durations, and may adjust the average maturity or duration of the investments held by Series MEC Portfolio from time to time, depending on their assessment of the relative yields of securities of different maturities and durations and their expectations of future changes in interest rates.

Series MEC Portfolio may borrow in certain circumstances, to the extent consistent with Series MEC Portfolio’s investment restrictions. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.” Certain trading practices, such as the use of derivatives for speculative purposes or investments in mortgage dollar rolls, may result in economic leverage.

Instead of investing directly in particular securities, Series MEC Portfolio may gain exposure to a security or an issuer or a market by investing through the use of instruments such as derivatives, including credit default swaps, synthetic instruments and other instruments that are intended to provide similar economic exposure. Series MEC Portfolio may use one or more types of such instruments to a substantial extent and even as its primary means of gaining investment exposures.

Series MEC Portfolio may engage in a variety of transactions using derivatives, including but not limited to, options, swaps, and warrants. Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of something else, such as one or more underlying investments, indexes or currencies. Derivatives may be used by Series MEC Portfolio for any of the following purposes:

 

   

As hedging technique in an attempt to manage risk in Series MEC Portfolio’s portfolio

 

   

As a substitute for buying or selling securities

 

   

As a cash flow management technique

 

   

For purposes of enhancing returns

Using derivatives, especially for non-hedging purposes, may involve greater risks to Series MEC Portfolio than investing directly in securities, particularly as these instruments may be very complex and may not behave in the manner anticipated by Series MEC Portfolio.

Certain risks associated with the use of derivatives are discussed below. Such risks are magnified to the extent that a large portion of Series MEC Portfolio’s assets are committed to derivatives in general or are invested in just one or a few types of derivatives.

Series MEC Portfolio from time to time sells protection on debt securities by entering into credit default swaps, a type of derivative transaction. In return for periodic payments, Series MEC Portfolio is obligated to pay the counterparty if the bond which is the subject of the credit default swap defaults or is subject to a specified credit event. As the seller, Series MEC Portfolio could be considered leveraged because, in addition to the investment exposure that it has on its assets, Series MEC Portfolio is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.

When Series MEC Portfolio enters into derivative transactions, it may be required to segregate assets, or enter into offsetting positions, in accordance with applicable regulations. Such segregation will not limit Series MEC Portfolio’s exposure to loss, however, and Series MEC Portfolio will have investment risk with respect to both the derivative itself and the assets that have been segregated to cover Series MEC Portfolio’s derivative exposure. Segregated assets cannot be sold by Series MEC Portfolio unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets, and, as a result, the segregation of a large portion of Series MEC Portfolio’s assets could impede portfolio management or Series MEC Portfolio’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

Series MEC Portfolio’s subadvisers may choose not to make use of derivatives for a variety of reasons. Should the subadvisers choose to use derivatives, Series MEC Portfolio will, in determining compliance with any percentage limitation or requirement regarding the use or investment of Series MEC Portfolio assets, take into account derivative positions that are intended to reduce or create exposure to the applicable category of investments, even if they are not effective to achieve the desired result.

Additional Information

Each Portfolio’s principal investment strategies are described above. The following provides additional information about these principal strategies and describes other investment strategies that may be used by the Portfolios.

Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities

Unlike fixed rate mortgage securities, adjustable rate mortgage securities are collateralized by, or represent, interests in mortgage loans with variable rates of interest. These variable rates of interest reset periodically to align themselves with market rates. A Portfolio will not benefit from increases in interest rates to the extent that interest rates rise to the point where they cause the current coupon of the underlying adjustable rate mortgages to exceed any maximum allowable annual or lifetime reset limits (or “cap rates”) for a particular mortgage. In this event, the value of the mortgage securities in a Portfolio would likely decrease. Also, the prices of these securities could vary to the extent that current yields on adjustable rate mortgage securities are different than market yields during interim periods between coupon reset dates or if the timing of changes to the index upon which the rate for the underlying mortgages is based lags behind changes in market rates. During periods of declining interest rates, income to a Portfolio derived from adjustable rate mortgages which remain in a mortgage pool will decrease in contrast to the income on fixed rate mortgages, which will remain constant. Adjustable rate mortgage securities also have less potential for appreciation in value as interest rates decline than do fixed rate investments.

 

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Bank Obligations

Banks are subject to extensive governmental regulations which may limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments which may be made and interest rates and fees which may be charged. The profitability of this industry is largely dependent upon the availability and cost of capital Portfolios for the purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market conditions. Also, general economic conditions play an important part in the operations of this industry and exposure to credit losses arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers might affect a bank’s ability to meet its obligations.

Bank obligations that may be purchased by a Portfolio include certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances and fixed time deposits. A certificate of deposit is a short-term negotiable certificate issued by a commercial bank against funds deposited in the bank and is either interest-bearing or purchased on a discount basis. A bankers’ acceptance is a short-term draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with an international commercial transaction. The borrower is liable for payment as is the bank, which unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date. Fixed time deposits are obligations of branches of U.S. banks or foreign banks which are payable at a stated maturity date and bear a fixed rate of interest. Although fixed time deposits do not have a market, there are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in the deposit to a third party. Bank obligations may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch by the terms of the specific obligations or by government regulation.

 

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Investors should also be aware that securities issued or guaranteed by foreign banks, foreign branches of U.S. banks, and foreign government and private issuers may involve investment risks in addition to those relating to domestic obligations. Certain of a Portfolio’s investments may become subject to exchange controls or foreign withholding taxes. In the event unforeseen exchange controls or foreign withholding taxes are imposed with respect to a Portfolio’s investments, the effect may be to reduce the income received by the Portfolio on such investments.

Borrowing

The funds may borrow in certain circumstances. As discussed under “Investment Policies,” below, the 1940 Act permits a fund to borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose, and to borrow up to 5% of the fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes. To limit the risks attendant to borrowing, the 1940 Act requires a fund to maintain at all times an “asset coverage” of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings.

The SEC takes the position that transactions that have a leveraging effect on the capital structure of a fund or are economically equivalent to borrowing, including, among others, engaging in mortgage dollar rolls, can be viewed as constituting a form of borrowing and therefore senior securities of the fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. Such a transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance of a “senior security” by a fund and will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement described above, if the fund establishes a segregated account with its custodian bank in which it maintains cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid assets equal in value to its obligations in respect of the transaction, or uses other methods permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder, or orders issued by the SEC thereunder, to “cover” the transaction.

Borrowing and other transactions used for leverage may cause the value of a fund’s shares to be more volatile than if the fund did not borrow or engage in such transactions. This is because leverage tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the fund’s portfolio holdings. Leverage thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. To repay such obligations, the fund may have to sell securities at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to the fund. There also are costs associated with engaging in leverage, and these costs would offset and could eliminate a fund’s net investment income in any given period.

Brady Bonds

Brady Bonds are securities created through the exchange of existing commercial loans to sovereign entities for new obligations in connection with debt restructurings under a debt restructuring plan introduced by former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, Nicholas F. Brady (the “Brady Plan”). Brady Plan debt restructurings have been implemented in a number of countries, including: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Jordan, Mexico, Niger, Nigeria, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Uruguay, and Venezuela.

Brady Bonds may be collateralized or uncollateralized, are issued in various currencies (primarily the U.S. dollar) and are actively traded in the over-the-counter secondary market. Brady Bonds are not considered to be U.S. government securities. U.S. dollar-denominated, collateralized Brady Bonds, which may be fixed rate par bonds or floating rate discount bonds, are generally collateralized in full as to principal by U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds having the same maturity as the Brady Bonds. Interest payments on these Brady Bonds generally are collateralized on a one-year or longer rolling-forward basis by cash or securities in an amount that, in the case of fixed rate bonds, is equal to at least one year of interest payments or, in the case of floating rate bonds, initially is equal to at least one year’s interest payments based on the applicable interest rate at that time and is adjusted at regular intervals thereafter.

 

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Certain Brady Bonds are entitled to “value recovery payments” in certain circumstances, which in effect constitute supplemental interest payments but generally are not collateralized. Brady Bonds are often viewed as having three or four valuation components: (i) the collateralized repayment of principal at final maturity; (ii) the collateralized interest payments; (iii) the uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayment of principal at maturity (the uncollateralized amounts constitute the “residual risk”).

Most Mexican Brady Bonds issued to date have principal repayments at final maturity fully collateralized by U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds (or comparable collateral denominated in other currencies) and interest coupon payments collateralized on an 18-month rolling-forward basis by funds held in escrow by an agent for the bondholders. A significant portion of the Venezuelan Brady Bonds and the Argentine Brady Bonds issued to date have repayments at final maturity collateralized by U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds (or comparable collateral denominated in other currencies) and/or interest coupon payments collateralized on a 14month (for Venezuela) or 12-month (for Argentina) rolling-forward basis by securities held by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as collateral agent.

Brady Bonds involve various risk factors including residual risk and the history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities of countries issuing Brady Bonds. There can be no assurance that Brady Bonds in which a Portfolio may invest will not be subject to restructuring arrangements or to requests for new credit, which may cause the Portfolio to suffer a loss of interest or principal on any of its holdings.

Collateralized Debt Obligations

The Portfolios may invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which include collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured securities. CDOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust or other special purpose entity (“SPE”) which is typically backed by a diversified pool of fixed-income securities (which may include high risk, below investment grade securities). A CLO is a trust or other SPE that is typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and non-U.S. senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. Although certain CDOs may receive credit enhancement in the form of a senior-subordinate structure, over-collateralization or bond insurance, such enhancement may not always be present, and may fail to protect a Portfolio against the risk of loss on default of the collateral. Certain CDOs may use derivatives contracts to create “synthetic” exposure to assets rather than holding such assets directly, which entails the risks of derivative instruments described elsewhere in this SAI. CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses. The Portfolios will not invest in CDOs that are managed by the Manager or its affiliates.

For both CBOs and CLOs, the cashflows from the SPE are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche, which bears the first loss from defaults from the bonds or loans in the SPE and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default (though such protection is not complete). Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO or CLO typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities, and may be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as investor aversion to CBO or CLO securities as a class. Interest on certain tranches of a CDO may be paid in kind (paid in the form of obligations of the same type rather than cash), which involves continued exposure to default risk with respect to such payments.

 

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The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CDO in which a Portfolio invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized by a Portfolio as illiquid securities. However, an active dealer market may exist for CDOs, allowing a CDO to qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed-income securities discussed elsewhere in this SAI and the Prospectus (e.g., interest rate risk and credit risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) a Portfolio may invest in tranches of CDOs that are subordinate to other tranches; (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results; and (v) the CDO’s manager may perform poorly or defalcate.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations and Multiclass Pass-through Securities

Collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) are debt obligations collateralized by mortgage loans or mortgage pass-through securities. Typically, CMOs are collateralized by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac Certificates, but also may be collateralized by whole loans or private pass-throughs (such collateral collectively hereinafter referred to as “Mortgage Assets”). Multiclass pass-through securities are interests in a trust composed of Mortgage Assets. Unless the context indicates otherwise, all references herein to CMOs include multiclass pass-through securities. Payments of principal and of interest on the Mortgage Assets, and any reinvestment income thereon, provide the Portfolios to pay debt service on the CMOs or make scheduled distributions on the multiclass pass-through securities. CMOs may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing.

In a CMO, a series of bonds or certificates is issued in multiple classes. Each class of CMOs, often referred to as a “tranche,” is issued at a specified fixed or floating coupon rate and has a stated maturity or final distribution date. Principal prepayments on the Mortgage Assets may cause the CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final distribution dates. Interest is paid or accrues on all classes of the CMOs on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis. The principal of and interest on the Mortgage Assets may be allocated among the several classes of a series of a CMO in innumerable ways. In one structure, payments of principal, including any principal prepayments, on the Mortgage Assets are applied to the classes of a CMO in the order of their respective stated maturities or final distribution dates, so that no payment of principal will be made on any class of CMOs until all other classes having an earlier stated maturity or final distribution date have been paid in full. As market conditions change, and particularly during periods of rapid or unanticipated changes in market interest rates, the attractiveness of the CMO classes and the ability of the structure to provide the anticipated investment characteristics may be significantly reduced. Such changes can result in volatility in the market value, and in some instances reduced liquidity, of the CMO class.

Parallel pay CMOs are structured to provide payments of principal on each payment date to more than one class. These simultaneous payments are taken into account in calculating the stated maturity date or final distribution date of each class, which, as with other CMO structures, must be retired by its stated maturity date or a final distribution date but may be retired earlier. Planned amortization class bonds (“PAC Bonds”) are a type of CMO tranche or series designed to provide relatively predictable payments of principal provided that, among other things, the actual prepayment experience on the underlying mortgage loans falls within a predefined range. If the actual prepayment experience on the underlying mortgage loans is at a rate faster or slower than the predefined range or if deviations from other assumptions occur, principal payments on the PAC Bond may be earlier or later than predicted. The

 

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magnitude of the predefined range varies from one PAC Bond to another; a narrower range increases the risk that prepayments on the PAC Bond will be greater or smaller than predicted. Because of these features, PAC Bonds generally are less subject to the risks of prepayment than are other types of mortgage-backed securities.

Commercial Paper

Commercial paper consists of short-term (usually 1 to 270 days) unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations in order to finance their current operations. A variable amount master demand note (which is a type of commercial paper) represents a direct borrowing arrangement involving periodically fluctuating rates of interest under a letter agreement between a commercial paper issuer and an institutional lender, such as a Portfolio, pursuant to which the lender may determine to invest varying amounts. Transfer of such notes is usually restricted by the issuer, and there is no secondary trading market for such notes.

Master demand notes are unsecured obligations of U.S. corporations redeemable upon notice that permit investment by a mutual fund of fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to direct arrangements between the Portfolio and the issuing corporation. Because master demand notes are direct arrangements between the Portfolio and the issuing corporation, there is no secondary market for the notes. The notes are, however, redeemable at face value plus accrued interest at any time. However, a Portfolio’s liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to pay principal and interest on demand.

Common Stock

Common stocks are shares of a corporation or other entity that entitle the holder to a pro rata share of the profits of the corporation, if any, without preference over any other shareholder or class of shareholders, including holders of the entity’s preferred stock and other senior equity. Common stock usually carries with it the right to vote and frequently an exclusive right to do so. Common stocks do not represent an obligation of the issuer, and do not offer the degree of protection of debt securities. The issuance of debt securities or preferred stock by an issuer will create prior claims which could adversely affect the rights of holders of common stock with respect to the assets of the issuer upon liquidation or bankruptcy.

Convertible Securities

Convertible securities are typically preferred stock or bonds that are convertible into common stock at a specified price or conversion ratio. Because they have the characteristics of both fixed-income securities and common stock, convertible securities are sometimes called “hybrid” securities. Convertible bonds, debentures and notes are debt obligations offering a stated interest rate; convertible preferred stocks are senior securities of a company offering a stated dividend rate. Convertible securities will at times be priced in the market like other fixed-income securities—that is, their prices will tend to rise when interest rates decline and will tend to fall when interest rates rise. However, because a convertible security provides an option to the holder to exchange the security for either a specified number of the issuer’s common shares at a stated price per share or the cash value of such common shares, the security market price will tend to fluctuate in relationship to the price of the common shares into which it is convertible. Thus, convertible securities will ordinarily provide opportunities for producing both current income and longer-term capital appreciation. Because convertible securities are usually viewed by the issuer as future common stock, they are generally subordinated to other senior securities and therefore are rated one category lower than the issuer’s non-convertible debt obligations or preferred stock.

 

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Debt Obligations Generally

The Portfolios may invest in a variety of debt and fixed income securities. These securities share three principal risks: first, the level of interest income generated by a Portfolio’s fixed income investments may decline due to a decrease in market interest rates. Thus, when fixed income securities mature or are sold, they may be replaced by lower-yielding investments. Second, their values fluctuate with changes in interest rates. Thus, a decrease in interest rates will generally result in an increase in the value of a Portfolio’s fixed income investments. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of a Portfolio’s fixed income investments will generally decline. The magnitude of these fluctuations will generally be greater when a Portfolio’s duration or average maturity is longer. Changes in the value of portfolio securities will not affect interest income from those securities, but will be reflected in a Portfolio’s net asset value. In addition, certain fixed income securities are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer of securities will be unable to pay principal and interest when due or that the value of the security will suffer because investors believe the issuer is unable to pay.

 

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Depositary Receipts

Securities of foreign issuers may be purchased directly or through depositary receipts, such as American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) and Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) or other securities representing underlying shares of foreign companies. Generally, ADRs, in registered form, are designed for use in U.S. securities markets and EDRs and GDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in European and global securities markets. ADRs are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing ownership of the underlying securities. EDRs and GDRs are European and global receipts, respectively, evidencing a similar arrangement.

ADRs, EDRs and GDRs are issued through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” arrangements. In a sponsored arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes the obligation to pay some or all of the depositary’s transaction fees, whereas under an unsponsored arrangement, the foreign issuer assumes no obligation and the depositary’s transaction fees are paid by the holders. In addition, less information is generally available in the United States about the issuer of an unsponsored depositary receipt as it is for the issuer of a sponsored depositary receipt.

Derivative Instruments – Options, Futures and Other Strategies

General

Each Portfolio may invest in certain options, futures contacts (sometimes referred to as “futures”), options on futures contracts, forward contracts, swaps, caps, floors, collars, indexed securities and other derivative instruments (collectively, “Financial Instruments”) to, among other things, attempt to hedge its investments or attempt to enhance its return or yield through non-hedging strategies. Except as otherwise provided in this Registration Statement or by applicable law, the Portfolios may purchase and sell any type of Financial Instrument.

The use of Financial Instruments is subject to applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), the several exchanges upon which they are traded and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. In addition, a Portfolio’s ability to use Financial Instruments may be limited by tax considerations.

Hedging strategies can be broadly categorized as “short hedges” and “long hedges.” A short hedge is a purchase or sale of a Financial Instrument intended partially or fully to offset potential declines in the value of one or more investments held in a Portfolio’s portfolio. Thus, in a short hedge the Portfolio takes a position in a Financial Instrument whose price is expected to move in the opposite direction of the price of the investment being hedged.

Conversely, a long hedge is a purchase or sale of a Financial Instrument intended partially or fully to offset potential increases in the acquisition cost of one or more investments that a Portfolio intends to acquire. Thus, in a long hedge, the Portfolio takes a position in a Financial Instrument whose price is expected to move in the same direction as the price of the prospective investment being hedged. A long hedge is sometimes referred to as an anticipatory hedge. In an anticipatory hedge transaction, a Portfolio does not own a corresponding security and therefore, the transaction does not relate to the portfolio security that the Portfolio owns. Rather, it relates to a security that the Portfolio intends to acquire. If the Portfolio does not complete the hedge by purchasing the security it anticipated purchasing the effect on the Portfolio’s portfolio is the same as if the transaction were entered into for speculative purposes.

Financial Instruments on securities generally are used to attempt to hedge against price movements in one or more particular securities positions that a fund owns or intends to acquire. Financial Instruments on indices, in contrast, generally are used to attempt to hedge against price movements in market sectors in which a Portfolio has invested or expects to invest. Financial Instruments on debt securities generally are used to hedge either individual securities or broad debt market sectors.

 

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In addition to the instruments, strategies and risks described below, the Portfolios’ Subadvisers expect to discover additional opportunities in connection with Financial Instruments and other similar or related techniques. These new opportunities may become available as the Subadvisers develop new techniques, as regulatory authorities broaden the range of permitted transactions and as new Financial Instruments or other techniques are developed. The Subadvisers may utilize these opportunities to the extent that they are consistent with a Portfolio’s investment objectives and permitted by its investment limitations and applicable regulatory authorities. A Portfolio might not use any of these strategies, and there can be no assurance that any strategy used will succeed.

Risks

The use of Financial Instruments involves special considerations and risks, certain of which are described below, and may result in losses to a Portfolio. In general, these techniques may increase the volatility of a Portfolio and may involve a small investment of cash relative to the magnitude of the risk assumed. Even a small investment in derivatives may magnify or otherwise increase investment losses to a Portfolio. A Portfolio’s use of derivatives may also increase the amount of taxes payable by investors.

Successful use of most Financial Instruments depends upon the Subadviser’s ability to predict movements of the overall securities, currency and interest rate markets, which requires different skills than predicting changes in the prices of individual securities. The prices of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in abnormal market conditions. There can be no assurance that any particular strategy will succeed and use of Financial Instruments could result in a loss, regardless of whether the intent was to reduce risk or increase return.

A Portfolio might be required to maintain assets as “cover,” maintain segregated accounts or make margin payments when it takes positions in Financial Instruments involving obligations to third parties (i.e., Financial Instruments other than purchased options). If a Portfolio were unable to close out its positions in such Financial Instruments, it might be required to continue to maintain such assets or accounts or make such payments until the position expired or matured. These requirements might impair a Portfolio’s ability to sell a portfolio security or make an investment at a time when it would otherwise be favorable to do so or require that the Portfolio sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time.

A Portfolio’s ability to close out a position in a Financial Instrument prior to expiration or maturity depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market or, in the absence of such a market, the ability and willingness of the other party to the transaction (the “counterparty”) to enter into a transaction closing out the position. Therefore, there is no assurance that any position can be closed out at a time and price that is favorable to a Portfolio.

Certain Risks Associated with Hedging Strategies

There might be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements of a Financial Instrument and price movements of the investments being hedged. For example, if the value of a Financial Instrument used in a short hedge increased by less than the decline in value of the hedged investment, the hedge would not be fully successful. Such a lack of correlation might occur due to factors unrelated to the value of the investments being hedged, such as speculative or other pressures on the markets in which Financial Instruments are traded. The effectiveness of hedges using Financial Instruments on indices will depend on the degree of correlation between price movements in the index and price movements in the securities or other assets being hedged.

Because there are a limited number of types of exchange-traded Financial Instruments, it is likely that the standardized contracts available will not match a Portfolio’s current or anticipated investments exactly. A Portfolio may invest in Financial Instruments based on securities with different issuers, maturities or other characteristics from the securities in which it typically invests, which involves a risk that the position in Financial Instruments will not track the performance of the Portfolio’s other investments.

 

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Prices of Financial Instruments can also diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the underlying instruments match a Portfolio’s portfolio investments well. Prices of Financial Instruments are affected by such factors as current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument and the time remaining until expiration of the contract, which may not affect security prices the same way. Imperfect correlation may also result from differing levels of demand in the markets for Financial Instruments and the securities markets, from structural differences in how Financial Instruments and securities are traded, or from imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading halts. The Portfolio may purchase or sell Financial Instruments with a greater or lesser value than the securities it wishes to hedge or intends to purchase in order to attempt to compensate for differences in volatility between the contract and the securities, although this may not be successful in all cases. If price changes in a Portfolio’s positions in Financial Instruments are poorly correlated with its other investments, the positions may fail to produce anticipated gains or result in losses that are not offset by gains in other investments.

If successful, the above-discussed strategies can reduce risk of loss by wholly or partially offsetting the negative effect of unfavorable price movements. However, such strategies can also reduce opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements. For example, if a Portfolio entered into a short hedge because the Portfolio’s Subadvisers projected a decline in the price of a security in the Portfolio’s portfolio, and the price of that security increased instead, the gain from that increase might be wholly or partially offset by a decline in the price of the Financial Instrument. Moreover, if the price of the Financial Instrument declined by more than the increase in the price of the security, the Portfolio could suffer a loss. In either such case, the Portfolio would have been in a better position had it not attempted to hedge at all.

Cover

Transactions using Financial Instruments, other than purchased options, expose a Portfolio to an obligation to another party. Each Portfolio will comply with SEC guidelines regarding cover for these instruments and will, if the guidelines so require, segregate on its books cash or liquid assets in the prescribed amount as determined daily. A Portfolio may cover such transactions using other methods currently or as may be permitted in the future under the 1940 act or orders issued by the SEC thereunder. For these purposes, interpretations and guidance provided by the SEC staff may be taken into account when deemed appropriate by a Portfolio.

Assets used as cover cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding Financial Instruments is open, unless they are replaced with other appropriate assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of a Portfolio’s assets to cover in accounts could impede Portfolio management or the Portfolio’s ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.

Options

A call option gives the purchaser the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying investment at the agreed-upon price during the option period. A put option gives the purchaser the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying investment at the agreed-upon price during the option period. Purchasers of options pay an amount, known as a premium, to the option writer in exchange for the right under the option contract.

A Portfolio may purchase call options for any purpose. For example, a call option may be purchased by a Portfolio as a long hedge. Call options also may be used as a means of participating in an anticipated price increase of a security on a more limited risk basis than would be possible if the security itself were purchased. In the event of a decline in the price of the underlying security, use of this strategy would serve to limit the Portfolio’s potential loss to the option premium paid; conversely, if the market price of the underlying security increases above the exercise price and the Portfolio either sells or exercises the option, any profit realized would be reduced by the premium.

 

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A Portfolio may purchase put options for any purpose. For example, a put option may be purchased by a Portfolio as a short hedge. The put option enables the fund to sell the underlying security at the predetermined exercise price; thus, the potential for loss to the Portfolio below the exercise price is limited to the option premium paid. If the market price of the underlying security is higher than the exercise price of the put option, any profit the fund realizes on the sale of the security would be reduced by the premium paid for the put option less any amount for which the put option may be sold.

Writing put or call options can enable a Portfolio to enhance income or yield by reason of the premiums paid by the purchasers of such options. However, a Portfolio may also suffer a loss as a result of writing options. For example, if the market price of the security underlying a put option declines to less than the exercise price of the option, minus the premium received, the Portfolio would suffer a loss.

Writing call options can serve as a limited short hedge, because declines in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security or currency appreciates to a price higher than the exercise price of the call option, it can be expected that the option will be exercised and a Portfolio will be obligated to sell the security or currency at less than its market value. If the call option is an over the counter (“OTC”) option, the securities or other assets used as cover may be considered illiquid.

Writing put options can serve as a limited long hedge because increases in the value of the hedged investment would be offset to the extent of the premium received for writing the option. However, if the security or currency depreciates to a price lower than the exercise price of the put option, it can be expected that the put option will be exercised and a fund will be obligated to purchase the security or currency at more than its market value.

The value of an option position will reflect, among other things, the current market value of the underlying investment, the time remaining until expiration, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price of the underlying investments, the historical price volatility of the underlying investment and general market conditions.

A Portfolio may effectively terminate its right or obligation under an option by entering into a closing transaction. For example, a Portfolio may terminate its obligation under a call or put option that it had written by purchasing an identical call or put option; this is known as a closing purchase transaction. Conversely, a Portfolio may terminate a position in a put or call option it had purchased by writing an identical put or call option; this is known as a closing sale transaction. Closing transactions permit a Portfolio to realize profits or limit losses on an option position prior to its exercise or expiration.

A type of put that a Portfolio may purchase is an “optional delivery standby commitment”, which is entered into by parties selling debt securities to the Portfolio. An optional delivery standby commitment gives the Portfolio the right to sell the security back to the seller on specified terms. This right is provided as an inducement to purchase the security.

 

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Risks of Options on Securities

Options may result in a Portfolio’s net asset value being more sensitive to changes in the value of the related instrument. A Portfolio may purchase or write both exchange-traded and OTC options. Exchange-traded options in the United States are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed that, in effect, guarantees completion of every exchange-traded option transaction. In contrast, OTC options are contracts between a Portfolio and its counterparty (usually a securities dealer or a bank) with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when a Portfolio purchases an OTC option, it relies on the counterparty from whom it purchased the option to make or take delivery of the underlying investment upon exercise of the option. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any premium paid by the Portfolio as well as the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.

A Portfolio’s ability to establish and close out positions in exchange-listed options depends on the existence of a liquid market. However, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist at any particular time. Closing transactions can be made for OTC options only by negotiating directly with the counterparty or by a transaction in the secondary market if any such market exists. There can be no assurance that a Portfolio will in fact be able to close out an OTC option position at a favorable price prior to expiration. In the event of insolvency of the counterparty, the Portfolio might be unable to close out an OTC option position at any time prior to its expiration, if at all.

If a Portfolio were unable to effect a closing transaction for an option it had purchased due to the absence of a secondary market, the imposition of price limits or otherwise, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit. The inability to enter into a closing purchase transaction for a covered call option written by a Portfolio could cause material losses because the Portfolio would be unable to sell the investment used as cover for the written option until the option expires or is exercised.

Options have varying expiration dates. The exercise price of the options may be below, equal to or above the current market value of the underlying security or other instrument. Options purchased by a Portfolio that expire unexercised have no value, and the Portfolio will realize a loss in the amount of the premium paid and any transaction costs. If an option written by a Portfolio expires unexercised, the fund realizes a gain equal to the premium received at the time the option was written. Transaction costs must be included in these calculations.

Options on Indices

Puts and calls on indices are similar to puts and calls on securities or futures contracts except that all settlements are in cash and gain or loss depends on changes in the index in question rather than on price movements in individual securities or futures contracts. When a Portfolio writes a call on an index, it receives a premium and agrees that, prior to the expiration date, the purchaser of the call, upon exercise of the call, will receive from the Portfolio an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the call is based is greater than the exercise price of the call. The amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the call times a specified multiple (“multiplier”), which determines the total dollar value for each point of such difference. When a Portfolio buys a call on an index, it pays a premium and has the same rights as to such call as are indicated above. When a Portfolio buys a put on an index, it pays a premium and has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the seller of the put, upon the Portfolio’s exercise of the put, to deliver to the Portfolio an amount of cash if the closing level of the index upon which the put is based is less than the exercise price of the put, which amount of cash is determined by the multiplier, as described above for calls. When a Portfolio writes a put on an index, it receives a premium and the purchaser of the put has the right, prior to the expiration date, to require the Portfolio to deliver to it an amount of cash equal to the difference between the closing level of the index and exercise price times the multiplier if the closing level is less than the exercise price.

 

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Risks of Options on Indices

The risks of investment in options on indices may be greater than options on securities. Because index options are settled in cash, when a Portfolio writes a call on an index it cannot provide in advance for its potential settlement obligations by acquiring and holding the underlying securities. A Portfolio can offset some of the risk of writing a call index option by holding a diversified portfolio of securities similar to those on which the underlying index is based. However, a Portfolio cannot, as a practical matter, acquire and hold a portfolio containing exactly the same securities as underlie the index and, as a result, bears a risk that the value of the securities held will vary from the value of the index.

Even if a Portfolio could assemble a portfolio that exactly reproduced the composition of the underlying index, it still would not be fully covered from a risk standpoint because of the “timing risk” inherent in writing index options. When an index option is exercised, the amount of cash that the holder is entitled to receive is determined by the difference between the exercise price and the closing index level on the date when the option is exercised. As with other kinds of options, a Portfolio, as a call writer, will not learn that the Portfolio has been assigned until the next business day at the earliest. The time lag between exercise and notice of assignment poses no risk for the writer of a covered call on a specific underlying security, such as common stock, because there the writer’s obligation is to deliver the underlying security, not to pay its value as of a fixed time in the past. So long as the writer already owns the underlying security, it can satisfy its settlement obligations by simply delivering it, and the risk that its value may have declined since the exercise date is borne by the exercising holder. In contrast, even if the writer of an index call holds securities that exactly match the composition of the underlying index, it will not be able to satisfy its assignment obligations by delivering those securities against payment of the exercise price. Instead, it will be required to pay cash in an amount based on the closing index value on the exercise date. By the time it learns that it has been assigned, the index may have declined, with a corresponding decline in the value of its portfolio. This “timing risk” is an inherent limitation on the ability of index call writers to cover their risk exposure by holding securities positions.

If a Portfolio has purchased an index option and exercises it before the closing index value for that day is available, it runs the risk that the level of underlying index may subsequently change. If such a change causes the exercised option to fall-out-of-the-money, a Portfolio will be required to pay the difference between the closing index value and the exercise price of the option (times the applicable multiplier) to the assigned writer.

OTC Options

Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike price, the terms of OTC options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. While this type of arrangement allows a Portfolio great flexibility to tailor the option to its needs, OTC options generally involve greater risk than exchange-traded options, which are guaranteed by the clearing organization of exchanges where they are traded.

Generally, OTC non-U.S. currency options used by a Portfolio are European-style options. This means that the option is only exercisable immediately prior to its expiration. This is in contrast to American-style options, which are exercisable at any time prior the expiration date of the option.

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts

A financial futures contract sale creates on obligation by the seller to deliver the type of Financial Instrument called for in the contract in a specified delivery month for a stated price. A financial futures contract purchase creates an obligation by the purchaser to take delivery of the type of Financial Instrument called for in the contract in a specified delivery month at a stated price. A Portfolio may invest in single security futures contracts to the extent permitted by applicable law. Options on futures give the purchaser the right to assume a position in a futures contract at the specified option exercise price at any time during the period of the option. The purchase of futures or call options on futures can serve as a long hedge, and the sale of the futures or the purchase of put options on futures can serve as a short hedge. Writing call options on futures contracts can serve as a limited short hedge, using a strategy similar to that used for writing call options on securities or indices. Similarly, writing put options on futures contracts can serve as a limited long hedge. Futures contracts and options on futures contracts can also be purchased and sold to attempt to enhance income or yield. To extent permitted by applicable law and a Portfolio’s investment policies, a Portfolio may also write call and put options on futures contracts that are covered.

 

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In addition, futures strategies can be used to manage the average duration of a Portfolio’s fixed-income portfolio. If a Portfolio’s Subadviser wishes to shorten the average duration of a Portfolio’s fixed-income portfolio, the Portfolio may sell a debt futures contract or a call option thereon, or purchase a put option on that futures contract. If the Subadviser wishes to lengthen the average duration of a Portfolio’s fixed-income portfolio, the Portfolio may buy a debt futures contract or a call option thereon, or sell a put option thereon.

Futures contracts may also be used for non-hedging purposes, such as to stimulate full investment in underlying securities while retaining a cash balance for portfolio management purposes, as a substitute for direct investment in a security, to facilitate trading, to reduce transactions costs, or to seek higher investment returns when a futures contract or option is priced more attractively than the underlying security or index.

No price is paid upon entering into a futures contract. Instead, at the inception of a futures contract a Portfolio is required to deposit “initial margin.” Margin must also be deposited when writing a call or put option on a futures contract, in accordance with applicable exchange rules. Unlike margin in securities transactions, initial margin on futures contracts does not represent a borrowing but rather is in the nature of a performance bond or good-faith deposit that is returned to the Portfolio at the termination of the transaction if all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Under certain circumstances, such as periods of high volatility, a Portfolio may be required by an exchange to increase the level of its initial margin payment, and initial margin requirements might be increased generally in the future by regulatory action.

Subsequent “variation margins” payments are made to and from the futures broker daily as the value of the futures position varies a process known as “marking-to-market.” Variation margin does not involve borrowing, but rather represents a daily settlement of a Portfolio’s obligations to or from a futures broker. When a Portfolio purchases an option on a futures contract, the premium paid plus transaction costs is all that is at risk. However, there may be circumstances when the purchase of an option on a futures contract would result in a loss to the Portfolio when the use of a futures contract would not, such as when there is no movement in the value of securities or currencies being hedged. In contrast, when a Portfolio purchases or sells a futures contract or writes a call or put option thereon, it is subject to daily variation margin calls that could be substantial in the event of adverse price movements. If a Portfolio has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it might need to sell securities at a time when such sales are disadvantageous.

Although some futures and options on futures call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities or currencies, generally those contracts are closed out prior to delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures or options (involving the same currency or underlying security and delivery month). If an offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, a Portfolio realizes a gain, or if it is more, the Portfolio realizes a loss. If an offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Portfolio realizes a gain, or if it is less, the Portfolio realizes a loss. The Portfolio will also bear transaction costs for each contract, which will be included in these calculations. Positions in futures and options on futures may be closed only on an exchange or board of trade that provides a secondary market. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular contract at a particular time. In such event, it may not be possible to close a futures contract or options position.

Under certain circumstances, futures exchanges may establish daily limits on the amount that the price of a futures contract or an option on a futures contract can vary from the previous day’s settlement price; once that limit is reached, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond the limit. Daily price limits do not limit potential losses because prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable positions.

 

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If a Portfolio were unable to liquidate a futures contract or an option on a futures position due to the absence of a liquid secondary market, the imposition of price limits or otherwise, it could incur substantial losses. The Portfolio would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position. In addition, except in the case of purchased options, the Portfolio would continue to be required to make daily variation margin payments and might be required to maintain the position being hedged by the future or option or to maintain cash or securities in a segregated account.

Each Portfolio is operated by a person who has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”), and, therefore, such person is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under the CEA.

Risks of Futures Contracts and Options Thereon

The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets (including the options on futures markets), due to differences in the natures of those markets, are subject to the following factors, which may create distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of general interest rate, currency exchange rate or stock market trends by a Portfolio’s Subadviser may still not result in a successful transaction. Of course, the Subadviser may be incorrect in its expectations as to the extent of various interest rate, currency exchange rate or stock market movements or the time span within which the movements take place.

Index Futures

The risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the price of index futures and movements in the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge increases as the composition of a Portfolio’s portfolio diverges from the securities included in the applicable index. The price of the index futures may move more than or less than the price of the securities being hedged. If the price of the index futures moves less than the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully effective, but if the price of the securities being hedged has moved in an unfavorable direction, the Portfolio would be in a better position than if it had not hedged at all. If the price of the securities being hedged has moved in a favorable direction, this advantage will be partially offset by the futures contract. If the price of the futures contract moves more than the price of the securities, the Portfolio will experience either a loss or a gain on the futures contract that will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the securities that are the subject of the hedge. To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price of the securities being hedged and movements in the price of the index futures, the Portfolio may buy or sell index futures in a greater dollar amount than the dollar amount of the securities being hedged if the historical volatility of the prices of such securities being hedged is more that the historical volatility of the prices of securities included in the index. It is also possible that, where the Portfolio has sold index futures contracts to hedge against a decline in the market, the market may advance and the value of the securities held in the Portfolio may decline. If this occurred, the Portfolio would lose money on the futures contract and also experience a decline in value of its portfolio securities. However, while this could occur for a very brief period or to a very small degree, over time the value of a diversified portfolio of securities will tend to move in the same direction as the market indices on which the futures contracts are based.

Where index futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities before a Portfolio is able to invest in them in an orderly fashion, it is possible that the market may decline instead. If the Portfolio then concludes not to invest in them at that time because of concern as to possible further market decline or for other reasons, it will realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the securities it had anticipated purchasing.

To the extent such instruments are permitted by applicable law and a Portfolio’s investment policies, a Portfolio may invest in security futures. Such investments are expected to be subject to risks similar to those of index future investing.

 

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Non-U.S. Currency Hedging Strategies – Special Considerations

A Portfolio may invest in securities that are denominated in non-U.S. currencies and may engage in a variety of non-U.S. currency exchange transactions to protect against uncertainty in the level of future exchange rates or to earn additional income. A Portfolio may use options and futures contracts, swaps and indexed notes relating to non-U.S. currencies as described above and forward currency contracts, as described below, to attempt to hedge against movements in the values of the non-U.S. currencies in which the Portfolio’s securities are denominated or to attempt to enhance income or yield. Currency hedges can protect against price movements in a security that the Portfolio owns or intends to acquire that are attributable to changes in the value of the currency in which it is denominated. Such hedges do not, however, protect against price movements in the securities that are attributable to other causes.

A Portfolio might seek to hedge against changes in the value of a particular currency when no Financial Instruments on that currency are available or such Financial Instruments are more expensive than certain other Financial Instruments. In such cases, a Portfolio may seek to hedge against price movements in that currency by entering into transactions using Financial Instruments on another currency or a basket of currencies, the value of which the Portfolio’s Subadviser believes will have a high degree of correlation to the value of the currency being hedged. The risk that movements in the price of the Financial Instrument will not correlate perfectly with movements in the price of the currency subject to the hedging transaction is magnified when this strategy is used.

The value of Financial Instruments on non-U.S. currencies depends on the value of the underlying currency relative to the U.S. dollar. Because non-U.S. currency transactions occurring in the interbank market might involve substantially larger amounts than those involved in the use of such Financial Instruments, a Portfolio could be disadvantaged by having to deal in the odd lot market (generally consisting of transactions of less than $1 million) for the underlying non-U.S. currencies at prices that are less favorable than for round lots.

There is no systematic reporting of last sale information for non-U.S. currencies or any regulatory requirement that quotations available through dealers or other market sources be firm or revised on a timely basis. Quotation information generally is representative of very large transactions in the interbank market and thus might not reflect odd-lot transactions where rates might be less favorable. The interbank market in non-U.S. currencies is a global round-the-clock market. To the extent the U.S. option or futures markets are closed while the markets for the underlying currencies remain open, significant price and rate movements might take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the markets for the Financial Instruments until they reopen.

Statement of hedging transactions involving non-U.S. currencies might be required to take place within the country issuing the underlying currency. Thus, a Portfolio might be required to accept or make delivery of the underlying non-U.S. currency in accordance with any U.S. or non-U.S. regulations regarding the maintenance of non-U.S. banking arrangements by U.S. residents and might be required to pay any fees, taxes and charges associated with such delivery assessed in the issuing country.

Options on non-U.S. currencies also have the risks of options on securities. See “Risk of Options on Securities” above.

Forward Currency Contracts

A Portfolio may enter into forward currency contracts to purchase or sell non-U.S. currencies for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars or another non-U.S. currency. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days (term) from the date of the forward currency contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the forward currency contract. These forward currency contracts are traded directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. Forward currency contracts may be used to attempt to hedge currency exposure or to enhance return or yield.

 

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Such transactions may serve as long hedges; for example, a Portfolio may purchase a forward currency contract to lock in the U.S. dollar price of a security denominated in a non-U.S. currency that the Portfolio intends to acquire. Forward currency contract transactions may also serve as short hedges; for example, a Portfolio may sell forward currency contracts to lock in the U.S. dollar equivalent of the proceeds from the anticipated sale of a security, dividend or interest payment denominated in a non-U.S. currency.

A Portfolio may also use forward currency contracts to hedge against a decline in the value of existing investments denominated in non-U.S. currency. For example, if a Portfolio owned securities denominated in Euros, it could enter into a forward currency contract to sell Euros in return for U.S. dollars to hedge against possible declines in the Euro’s value. Such a hedge, sometimes referred to as a “position hedge,” would tend to offset both positive and negative currency fluctuations, but would not offset changes in security values caused by other factors. A Portfolio could also hedged the position by selling another currency expected to perform similarly to the Euro. This type of hedge, sometimes referred to as a “proxy hedge”, could offer advantages in terms of cost, yield or efficiency, but generally would not hedge currency exposure as effectively as a simple hedge into U.S. dollars. Proxy hedges may result in losses if the currency used to hedge does not perform similarly to the currency in which the hedged securities are denominated.

The cost to a Portfolio of engaging in forward currency contracts varies with factors such as the currency involved, the length of the contract period and the market conditions then prevailing. Because forward currency contracts are usually entered into on a principal basis, no fees or commissions are involved. When a Portfolio enters into a forward currency contract, it relies on the counterparty to make or take delivery of the underlying currency at the maturity of the contract. Failure by the counterparty to do so would result in the loss of any expected benefit of the transaction.

As is the case with futures contracts, parties to forward currency contracts can enter into offsetting closing transaction, similar to closing transactions on futures contracts, by selling or purchasing respectively, an instrument identical to the instrument purchased or sold. Secondary markets generally do not exist for forward currency contracts, with the result that closing transactions generally can be made for forward currency contracts only by negotiating directly with the counterparty. Thus, there can be no assurance that a Portfolio will in fact be able to close out a forward currency contract at a favorable price prior to maturity. In addition, in the event of insolvency of the counterparty, a Portfolio might be unable to close out a forward currency contract at any time prior to maturity, if at all. In either event, the Portfolio would continue to be subject to market risk with respect to the position, and would continue to be required to maintain the required cover.

The precise matching of forward currency contract amounts and the value of the securities involved generally will not be possible because the value of such securities, measured in the non-US currency, will change after the forward currency contract has been established. Thus, a Portfolio might need to purchase or sell non-U.S. currencies in the spot (cash) market to the extent such non-U.S. currencies are not covered by forward currency contracts. The projection of short-term currency market movements is extremely difficult, and the successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is highly uncertain. In addition, although forward currency contracts limit the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currencies, at the same time they limit any potential gain that might result should the value of the currencies increase.

Successful use of forward currency contracts depends on a Subadviser’s skill in analyzing and predicting currency values. Forward currency contracts may substantially change a Portfolio’s exposure to changes in currency exchange rates and could result in losses to the Portfolio if currencies do not perform as the Portfolio’s Subadviser anticipates. There is no assurance that a Subadviser’s use of forward currency contracts will be advantageous to the Portfolio or that the Subadviser will hedge at an appropriate time.

 

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Combined Positions

A Portfolio may purchase and write options in combination with each other, or in combination with other Financial Instruments, to adjust the risk and return characteristics of its overall position. For example, a Portfolio may purchase a put option and write a call option on the same underlying instrument, in order to construct a combined position whose risk and return characteristics are similar to selling a futures contract. Another possible combined position would involve writing a call option at one strike price and buying a call option at a lower price in order to reduce the risk of the written call option in the event of a substantial price increase. Because combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out.

Turnover

A Portfolio’s options and futures activities may affect its turnover rate and brokerage commission payments. The exercise of calls or puts written by a Portfolio and the sale or purchase of futures contracts may cause it to sell or purchase related investments, thus increasing its turnover rate. Once a Portfolio has received an exercise notice on an option it has written, it cannot effect a closing transaction in order to terminate its obligation under the option and must deliver or receive the underlying securities at the exercise price. The exercise of puts purchased by a Portfolio may also cause the sale of related investments, also increasing turnover; although such exercise is within a Portfolio’s control, holding a protective put might cause it to sell the related investments for reasons that would not exist in the absence of the put. The Portfolio will pay a brokerage commission each time it buys or sells a put or call or purchases or sells a futures contract. Such commissions may be higher than those that would apply to direct purchases or sales.

Swaps, Caps, Floors and Collars

A Portfolio may enter into swaps, caps, floors and collars to preserve a return or a spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio, to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Portfolio anticipates purchasing at a later date or to attempt to enhance yield. A swap involves the exchange by a Portfolio with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive cash flows, e.g., an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed-rate payments. The purchase of a cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index exceeds a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the cap. The purchase of a floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined value, to receive payments on a notional principal amount from the party selling the floor. A collar combines elements of a cap and a floor.

Swap agreements, including caps, floors and collars, can be individually negotiated and structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Depending on their structure, swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of a Portfolio’s investments and its share price and yield because, and to the extent, these agreements affect a Portfolio’s exposure to long- or short-term interest rates, non-U.S. currency values, mortgage-backed security values, corporate borrowing rates or other factors such as security prices or inflation rates.

Swap agreements will tend to shift a Portfolio’s investment exposure from one type of investment to another. Caps and floors have an effect similar to buying or writing options.

If a counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of the agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses. If a default occurs by the other party to such transaction, a Portfolio will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction, which may be limited by applicable law in the case of a counterparty’s insolvency.

A Portfolio may enter into credit default swap contracts for investment purposes. As the seller in a credit default swap contract, a Portfolio would be required to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or a non-U.S. corporate issuer, on the debt obligation. In return, the Portfolio would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the Portfolio would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, the Portfolio would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap which may be significantly larger than the Portfolio’s cost to enter into the credit default swap.

 

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A Portfolio may also purchase credit default swap contracts in order to hedge against the risk of default of debt securities held in its portfolio, in which case the Portfolio would function as the counterparty referenced in the preceding paragraph. This would involve the risk that the investment may expire worthless and would only generate income in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (or, as applicable, a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It would also involve credit risk – that the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the Portfolio in the event of a default.

The net amount of the excess, if any, of a Portfolio’s obligations over its entitlements with respect to each swap will be accrued on a daily basis, depending on whether a threshold amount (if any) is exceeded, and an amount of cash or liquid assets having an aggregate net asset value approximately equal to the accrued excess will be maintained as collateral. A Portfolio will also maintain collateral with respect to its total obligations under any swaps that are not entered into on a net basis, and will maintain collateral as required by SEC guidelines from time to time with respect to caps and floors written by the Portfolio.

Forward Commitments and When-Issued Securities

A Portfolio may enter into commitments to purchase securities on a “forward commitment” basis, including purchases on a “when-issued” basis or a “to be announced” basis. When such transactions are negotiated, certain terms may be fixed at the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities takes place at a later date. State Street Bank and Trust Company, the Trust’s custodian (the “Custodian”), will maintain, in a segregated account of the applicable Portfolio, cash, debt securities of any grade or equity securities, having a value equal to or greater than the Portfolio’s purchase commitments, provided such securities have been determined by the Portfolio’s subadviser(s) to be liquid and unencumbered, and are marked to market daily, pursuant to guidelines established by the board of trustees. The Custodian will likewise segregate securities sold on a delayed basis. Securities purchased on a future commitment on a when issued or to be announced basis are often the most efficiently priced and have the best liquidity in the bond market. During the period between a commitment and settlement, no payment is made by the purchaser for the securities purchased and, thus, no interest accrues to the purchaser from the transaction. In a “to be announced” transaction, a Portfolio commits to purchase securities for which all specific information is not yet known at the time of the trade, particularly the exact face amount in forward commitment mortgage-backed securities transactions.

A Portfolio may sell the securities subject to a forward commitment purchase, which may result in a gain or loss. When a Portfolio purchases securities on a forward commitment basis, it assumes the risks of ownership, including the risk of price fluctuation, at the time of purchase, not at the time of receipt. Purchases of forward commitment securities also involve a risk of loss if the seller fails to deliver after the value of the securities has risen. Depending on market conditions, the Portfolio’s forward commitment purchases could cause its net asset value to be more volatile. The Portfolio may also enter into a forward commitment to sell securities it owns and will generally do so only with the intention of actually delivering the securities. The use of forward commitments enables a Portfolio to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. In a forward sale, a Portfolio does not participate in gains or losses on the security occurring after the commitment date. Forward commitments to sell securities also involve a risk of loss if the seller fails to take delivery after the value of the securities has declined.

Forward commitment transactions involve additional risks similar to those associated with investments in options and futures contracts.

Flexibility

Generally, the foregoing is not intended to limit a Portfolio’s investment flexibility, unless such a limitation is expressly stated, and therefore will be construed by the Portfolios as broadly as possible. Statements concerning what a Portfolio may do are not intended to limit other any activity. Each Portfolio maintains the flexibility to use Financial Instruments for any purpose consistent with applicable law and any express limitations in this Registration Statement.

 

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Firm Commitments

Securities may be purchased on a firm commitment basis, including when-issued securities. Securities purchased on a firm commitment basis are purchased for delivery beyond the normal settlement date at a stated price and yield. No income accrues to the purchaser of a security on a firm commitment basis prior to delivery. Such securities are recorded as an asset and are subject to changes in value based upon changes in the general level of interest rates. Purchasing a security on a firm commitment basis can involve a risk that the market price at the time of delivery may be lower than the agreed upon purchase price, in which case there could be an unrealized loss at the time of delivery. A Portfolio may sell such commitments before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable. A Portfolio will establish a segregated account in which it will maintain liquid assets in an amount at least equal in value to the Portfolio’s commitments to purchase securities on a firm commitment basis or use other methods currently or in the future permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulation thereunder, or orders issued by the SEC thereunder.

Floating and Variable Rate Instruments

Floating or variable rate obligations bear interest at rates that are not fixed, but vary with changes in specified market rates or indices, such as the prime rate, and at specified intervals. Certain of the floating or variable rate obligations that may be purchased by a Portfolio may carry a demand feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer at par value prior to maturity. Such obligations include variable rate master demand notes, which are unsecured instruments issued pursuant to an agreement between the issuer and the holder that permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary and provide for periodic adjustments in the interest rate.

A Portfolio will limit its purchases of floating and variable rate obligations to those of the same quality as the fixed-income securities which the Portfolio is otherwise permitted to purchase. The Subadviser will monitor on an ongoing basis the ability of an issuer of a demand instrument to pay principal and interest on demand.

 

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Certain of the floating or variable rate obligations that may be purchased by a Portfolio may carry a demand feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer of the instrument or to a third party at par value prior to maturity. Some of the demand instruments purchased by a Portfolio are not traded in a secondary market and derive their liquidity solely from the ability of the holder to demand repayment from the issuer or third party providing credit support. If a demand instrument is not traded in a secondary market, each Portfolio will nonetheless treat the instrument as “readily marketable” for the purposes of its investment restriction limiting investments in illiquid securities unless the demand feature has a notice period of more than seven days in which case the instrument will be characterized as “not readily marketable” and therefore illiquid.

A Portfolio’s right to obtain payment at par on a demand instrument could be affected by events occurring between the date the Portfolio elects to demand payment and the date payment is due that may affect the ability of the issuer of the instrument or third party providing credit support to make payment when due, except when such demand instruments permit same day settlement. To facilitate settlement, these same day demand instruments may be held in book entry form at a bank other than a Portfolio’s custodian subject to a sub-custodian agreement approved by the Portfolio between that bank and the Portfolio’s custodian.

Foreign Securities and Foreign Issuers

Investing in the securities of foreign issuers involves special considerations which are not typically associated with investing in the securities of U.S. issuers. Investments in securities of foreign issuers may involve risks arising from differences between U.S. and foreign securities markets, including less volume, much greater price volatility in and illiquidity of certain foreign securities markets, greater difficulty in determining the fair value of securities, different trading and settlement practices and less governmental supervision and regulation, from changes in currency exchange rates, from high and volatile rates of inflation, from economic, social and political conditions such as wars, terrorism, civil unrest and uprisings, and from fluctuating interest rates.

There may be less publicly-available information about a foreign issuer than about a U.S. issuer, and foreign issuers may not be subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial record-keeping standards and requirements as U.S. issuers. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of an emerging market country issuer may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected had the financial statements been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, for an issuer that keeps accounting records in local currency, inflation accounting rules may require, for both tax and accounting purposes, that certain assets and liabilities be restated on the issuer’s balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power. Inflation accounting may indirectly generate losses or profits. Consequently, financial data may be materially affected by restatements for inflation and may not accurately reflect the real condition of those issuers and securities markets. Finally, in the event of a default in any such foreign obligations, it may be more difficult for a Portfolio to obtain or enforce a judgment against the issuers of such obligations.

Other investment risks include the possible imposition of foreign withholding taxes on certain amounts of a Portfolio’s income, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign assets and the possible establishment of exchange controls, expropriation, confiscatory taxation, other foreign governmental laws or restrictions which might affect adversely payments due on securities held by a Portfolio, the lack of extensive operating experience of eligible foreign sub-custodians and legal limitations on the ability of a Portfolio to recover assets held in custody by a foreign sub-custodian in the event of the sub-custodian’s bankruptcy.

 

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There generally is less governmental supervision and regulation of exchanges, brokers and issuers in foreign countries than there is in the United States. For example, there may be no comparable provisions under certain foreign laws to insider trading and similar investor protection securities laws that apply with respect to securities transactions consummated in the United States. Further, brokerage commissions and other transaction costs on foreign securities exchanges generally are higher than in the United States.

In some countries, banks or other financial institutions may constitute a substantial number of the leading companies or companies with the most actively traded securities. The 1940 Act limits a Portfolio’s ability to invest in any security of an issuer which, in its most recent fiscal year, derived more than 15% of its revenues from “securities related activities,” as defined by the rules thereunder. These provisions may also restrict a Portfolio’s investments in certain foreign banks and other financial institutions.

Foreign markets have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have failed to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Further, satisfactory custodial services for investment securities may not be available in some countries having smaller, emerging capital markets, which may result in a Portfolio incurring additional costs and delays in transporting such securities outside such countries. Delays in settlement or other problems could result in periods when assets of a Portfolio are uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of a Portfolio to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems or the risk of intermediary counterparty failures could cause a Portfolio to forego attractive investment opportunities. The inability to dispose of a portfolio security due to settlement problems could result either in losses to a Portfolio due to subsequent declines in the value of such portfolio security or, if the Portfolio has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.

Rules adopted under the 1940 Act permit a Portfolio to maintain its foreign securities and cash in the custody of certain eligible non-U.S. banks and securities depositories. Certain banks in foreign countries may not be “eligible sub-custodians,” as defined in the 1940 Act, for a Portfolio, in which event the Portfolio may be precluded from purchasing securities in certain foreign countries in which it otherwise would invest or which may result in the Portfolio’s incurring additional costs and delays in providing transportation and custody services for such securities outside of such countries. A Portfolio may encounter difficulties in effecting on a timely basis portfolio transactions with respect to any securities of issuers held outside their countries. Other banks that are eligible foreign sub-custodians may be recently organized or otherwise lack extensive operating experience. In addition, in certain countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations on the ability of a Portfolio to recover assets held in custody by foreign sub-custodians in the event of the bankruptcy of the sub-custodian.

Certain of the risks associated with international investments and investing in smaller capital markets are heightened for investments in emerging market countries. For example, some of the currencies of emerging market countries have experienced devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar, and major adjustments have been made periodically in certain of such currencies. Certain of such countries face serious exchange constraints. In addition, governments of many emerging market countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In certain cases, the government owns or controls many companies. Accordingly, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in developing countries which could affect private sector companies and, consequently, the value of certain securities held in a Portfolio’s portfolio.

“Emerging markets” include any country, which at the time of investment, is represented in the JP Morgan EMBI Global Index or is categorized by the World Bank in its annual categorization as middle- or low-income. The JP Morgan EMBI Global Index country and regional composition currently includes 27 countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, Russia, Venezuela, Philippines, Poland, Malaysia, Panama, Bulgaria, Nigeria, China, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Morocco, Greece, Turkey, Hungary, Croatia, Lebanon, South Africa, Algeria, Thailand, Chile and Cote d’Ivoire. The World Bank’s list of countries categorized as low- or middle-income includes a total of 152 countries, including the 27 countries included in the JP Morgan EMBI Global Index.

 

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Investment in certain emerging market securities is restricted or controlled to varying degrees which may at times limit or preclude investment in certain emerging market securities and increase the costs and expenses of a Portfolio. Certain emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than other classes, restrict investment opportunities in issuers in industries deemed important to national interests and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors.

The manner in which foreign investors may invest in companies in certain emerging market countries, as well as limitations on such investments, also may have an adverse impact on the operations of a Portfolio. For example, the Portfolio may be required in some countries to invest initially through a local broker or other entity and then have the shares purchased re-registered in the name of the Portfolio. Re-registration may in some instances not occur on a timely basis, resulting in a delay during which the Portfolio may be denied certain of its rights as an investor.

Certain emerging market countries may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors which could adversely affect a Portfolio. In addition, if a deterioration occurs in the country’s balance of payments, it could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. Investing in local markets in emerging market countries may require a Portfolio to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Portfolio.

With respect to investments in certain emerging market countries, different legal standards may have an adverse impact on a Portfolio. For example, while the potential liability of a shareholder in a U.S. corporation with respect to acts of the corporation is generally limited to the amount of the shareholder’s investment, the notion of limited liability is less clear in certain emerging market countries. Similarly, the rights of investors in emerging market companies may be more limited than those of shareholders of U.S. corporations.

Certain markets are in only the earliest stages of development. There is also a high concentration of market capitalization and trading volume in a small number of issuers representing a limited number of industries, as well as a high concentration of investors and financial intermediaries. Many of such markets also may be affected by developments with respect to more established markets in the region. Brokers in emerging market countries typically are fewer in number and less capitalized than brokers in the United States. These factors, combined with the U.S. regulatory requirements for open-end investment companies and the restrictions on foreign investment, result in potentially fewer investment opportunities for a Portfolio and may have an adverse impact on the investment performance of a Portfolio.

High Yield Securities

Under rating agency guidelines, medium- and lower-rated securities and comparable unrated securities will likely have some quality and protective characteristics that are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions. Medium-and lower-rated securities may have a current identifiable vulnerability to default or be in default, may be unlikely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal when due in the event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, and/or may be likely to be in default or not current in the payment of interest or principal. Such securities are considered speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations. Accordingly, it is possible that these types of factors could reduce the value of securities held by a Portfolio with a commensurate effect on the value of the Portfolio’s shares.

 

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Changes by recognized rating services in their ratings of any fixed-income security and in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal may also affect the value of these investments. A description of the ratings used by Moody’s and S&P is set forth in Appendix B. The ratings of Moody’s and S&P generally represent the opinions of those organizations as to the quality of the securities that they rate. Such ratings, however, are relative and subjective, are not absolute standards of quality, are subject to change and do not evaluate the market risk or liquidity of the securities. Ratings of a non-U.S. debt instrument, to the extent that those ratings are undertaken, are related to evaluations of the country in which the issuer of the instrument is located. Ratings generally take into account the currency in which a non-U.S. debt instrument is denominated. Instruments issued by a foreign government in other than the local currency, for example, typically have a lower rating than local currency instruments due to the existence of an additional risk that the government will be unable to obtain the required foreign currency to service its foreign currency-denominated debt. In general, the ratings of debt securities or obligations issued by a non-U.S. public or private entity will not be higher than the rating of the currency or the foreign currency debt of the central government of the country in which the issuer is located, regardless of the intrinsic creditworthiness of the issuer.

The secondary markets for high yield securities are not as liquid as the secondary markets for higher rated securities. The secondary markets for high yield securities are concentrated in relatively few market makers and participants in the market are mostly institutional investors, including insurance companies, banks, other financial institutions and mutual funds. In addition, the trading volume for high yield securities is generally lower than that for higher-rated securities and the secondary markets could contract under adverse market or economic conditions independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer. These factors may have an adverse effect on the ability of a Portfolio holding such securities to dispose of particular portfolio investments, may adversely affect the Portfolio’s net asset value per share and may limit the ability of such a Portfolio to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing securities and calculating net asset value. If a Portfolio is not able to obtain precise or accurate market quotations for a particular security, it will become more difficult to value such Portfolio’s portfolio securities, and a greater degree of judgment may be necessary in making such valuations. Less liquid secondary markets may also affect the ability of a Portfolio to sell securities at their fair value. If the secondary markets for high yield securities contract due to adverse economic conditions or for other reasons, certain liquid securities in a Portfolio’s portfolio may become illiquid and the proportion of the Portfolio’s assets invested in illiquid securities may significantly increase.

Prices for high yield securities may be affected by legislative and regulatory developments. These laws could adversely affect a Portfolio’s net asset value and investment practices, the secondary market for high yield securities, the financial condition of issuers of these securities and the value of outstanding high yield securities. For example, federal legislation requiring the divestiture by federally insured savings and loan associations of their investments in high yield bonds and limiting the deductibility of interest by certain corporate issuers of high yield bonds adversely affected the market in recent years.

High Yield Corporate Securities

While the market values of securities rated below investment grade and comparable unrated securities tend to react less to fluctuations in interest rate levels than do those of higher-rated securities, the values of certain of these securities also tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than higher-rated securities. In addition, such securities present a higher degree of credit risk. Issuers of these securities are often highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them, so that their ability to service their debt obligations during an economic downturn or during sustained periods of rising interest rates may be impaired. The risk of loss due to default by such issuers is significantly greater than with investment grade securities because such securities generally are unsecured and subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. A Portfolio also may incur additional expenses to the extent that it is required to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings.

 

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The development of a market for high yield non-U.S. corporate securities has been a relatively recent phenomenon. On the other hand, the market for high yield U.S. corporate debt securities is more established than that for high yield non-U.S. corporate debt securities, but has undergone significant changes in the past and may undergo significant changes in the future.

High yield non-U.S. and U.S. corporate securities in which the Portfolios may invest include bonds, debentures, notes, commercial paper and preferred stock and will generally be unsecured. Most of the debt securities will bear interest at fixed rates. However, a Portfolio may also invest in corporate debt securities with variable rates of interest or which involve equity features, such as contingent interest or participations based on revenues, sales or profits (i.e., interest or other payments, often in addition to a fixed rate of return, that are based on the borrower’s attainment of specified levels of revenues, sales or profits and thus enable the holder of the security to share in the potential success of the venture).

High Yield Foreign Sovereign Debt Securities

Investing in fixed and floating rate high yield foreign sovereign debt securities, especially in emerging market countries, will expose Portfolios investing in such securities to the direct or indirect consequences of political, social or economic changes in the countries that issue the securities or in which the issuers are located. The ability and willingness of sovereign obligors in developing and emerging market countries or the governmental authorities that control repayment of their external debt to pay principal and interest on such debt when due may depend on general economic and political conditions within the relevant country. Certain countries in which a Portfolio may invest, especially emerging market countries, have historically experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high interest rates, exchange rate trade difficulties and extreme poverty and unemployment. Many of these countries are also characterized by political uncertainty or instability. Additional factors which may influence the ability or willingness to service debt include, but are not limited to, a country’s cash flow situation, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of its debt service burden to the economy as a whole, and its government’s policy towards the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other international agencies.

The ability of a foreign sovereign obligor, especially in emerging market countries, to make timely payments on its external debt obligations will also be strongly influenced by the obligor’s balance of payments, including export performance, its access to international credits and investments, fluctuations in interest rates and the extent of its foreign reserves. A country whose exports are concentrated in a few commodities or whose economy depends on certain strategic imports could be vulnerable to fluctuations in international prices of these commodities or imports. To the extent that a country receives payment for its exports in currencies other than U.S. dollars, its ability to make debt payments denominated in U.S. dollars could be adversely affected. If a foreign sovereign obligor cannot generate sufficient earnings from foreign trade to service its external debt, it may need to depend on continuing loans and aid from foreign governments, commercial banks and multilateral organizations, and inflows of foreign investment. The commitment on the part of these foreign governments, multilateral organizations and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on the government’s implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of its obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties’ commitments to lend funds, which may further impair the obligor’s ability or willingness to timely service its debts. The cost of servicing external debt will also generally be adversely affected by rising international interest rates, because many external debt obligations bear interest at rates which are adjusted based upon international

 

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interest rates. The ability to service external debt will also depend on the level of the relevant government’s international currency reserves and its access to foreign exchange. Currency devaluation may affect the ability of a sovereign obligor to obtain sufficient foreign exchange to service its external debt. The risks enumerated above are particularly heightened with regard to issuers in emerging market countries.

As a result of the foregoing, a governmental obligor, especially in an emerging market country, may default on its obligations. If such an event occurs, a Portfolio may have limited legal recourse against the issuer and/or guarantor. Remedies must, in some cases, be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself, and the ability of the holder of foreign sovereign debt securities to obtain recourse may be subject to the political climate in the relevant country. In addition, no assurance can be given that the holders of commercial bank debt will not contest payments to the holders of other foreign sovereign debt obligations in the event of default under their commercial bank loan agreements.

Sovereign obligors in developing and emerging market countries are among the world’s largest debtors to commercial banks, other governments, international financial organizations and other financial institutions. These obligors have in the past experienced substantial difficulties in servicing their external debt obligations, which led to defaults on certain obligations and the restructuring of certain indebtedness. Restructuring arrangements have included, among other things, reducing and rescheduling interest and principal payments by negotiating new or amended credit agreements or converting outstanding principal and unpaid interest to Brady Bonds, and obtaining new credit to finance interest payments. Holders of certain foreign sovereign debt securities may be requested to participate in the restructuring of such obligations and to extend further loans to their issuers. There can be no assurance that the Brady Bonds and other foreign sovereign debt securities in which certain of the Portfolios may invest will not be subject to similar restructuring arrangements or to requests for new credit which may adversely affect a Portfolio’s holdings. Furthermore, certain participants in the secondary market for such debt may be directly involved in negotiating the terms of these arrangements and may therefore have access to information not available to other market participants.

Distressed Debt Securities

Distressed debt securities are debt securities that are purchased in the secondary market and are the subject of bankruptcy proceedings or otherwise in default as to the repayment of principal and/or interest at the time of acquisition by a Portfolio or are rated in the lower rating categories (Ca or lower by Moody’s and CC or lower by S&P) or which, if unrated, are in the judgment of the Subadviser of equivalent quality. Investment in distressed debt securities is speculative and involves significant risk. The risks associated with high yield securities are heightened by investing in distressed debt securities.

A Portfolio will often make such investments only when the Subadviser believes it is reasonably likely that the issuer of the distressed debt securities will make an exchange offer or will be the subject of a plan of reorganization pursuant to which the Portfolio will received new securities (e.g., equity securities). However, there can be no assurance that such an exchange offer will be made or that such a plan of reorganization will be adopted. In addition, a significant period of time may pass between the time at which a Portfolio makes its investment in distressed debt securities and the time that any such exchange offer or plan of reorganization is completed. During this period, it is unlikely that the Portfolio will receive any interest payments on the distressed debt securities, the Portfolio will be subject to significant uncertainty as to whether or not the exchange offer or plan will be completed, and the Portfolio may be required to bear certain extraordinary expenses to protect or recover its investment. Even if an exchange offer is made or plan or reorganization is adopted with respect to the distressed debt securities held by the Portfolio, there can be no assurance that the securities or other assets received by a Portfolio in connection with such exchange offer or plan or reorganization will not have a lower value or income potential than


may have been anticipated when the investment was made. Moreover, any securities received by a Portfolio upon completion of an exchange offer or plan of reorganization may be restricted as to resale. As a result of a Portfolio’s participation in negotiations with respect to any exchange offer or plan of reorganization with respect to an issuer of distressed debt securities, the Portfolio may be restricted from disposing of such securities.

Illiquid Securities

The Portfolios may purchase securities for which there is a limited trading market or which are subject to restrictions on resale to the public, or restricted securities. Restricted securities are generally securities that have been sold in the United States without registration under applicable securities laws, and are thus subject to restrictions on resale, except for those eligible for resale under Rule 144A. If a Portfolio must sell restricted securities at times which otherwise might be considered to be disadvantageous (to satisfy redemptions, for example), the Portfolio might receive lower proceeds from such sales than it had expected to realize. Investments in securities which are “restricted” may involve added expenses to a Portfolio should the Portfolio be required to bear registration costs with respect to such securities. A Portfolio could also be delayed in disposing of such securities which might have an adverse effect upon the price and timing of sales and the liquidity of the Portfolio.

If a Portfolio were to assume substantial positions in securities with limited trading markets, the activities of the Portfolio could have an adverse effect upon the liquidity and marketability of such securities and the Portfolio might not be able to dispose of its holdings in those securities at then current market prices. Restricted securities and securities for which there is a limited trading market may be significantly more difficult to value due to the unavailability of reliable market quotations for such securities, and investment in such securities may have an adverse impact on net asset value.

Inflation-Protected Securities

Inflation-protected securities are fixed-income securities that are structured to provide protection against inflation and whose principal value or coupon (stated interest rate) is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation. If the index measuring inflation falls, the principal value or coupon of inflation-protected securities will be adjusted downward, and consequently the interest payable on these securities (calculated with respect to a smaller principal amount) will be reduced. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is not guaranteed for inflation-protected securities, and, as a result, the adjusted principal value of the bond repaid at maturity may be less than the original principal.

The value of inflation-protected securities is expected to change in response to the changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates, in turn, are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. Therefore, if inflation were to rise at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates would decline, leading to an increase in value of the inflation-protected securities. In contrast, if nominal interest rates increased at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-protected securities. There can be no assurance, however, that the value of inflation-protected securities will be directly correlated to the changes in interest rates. If interest rates rise due to reasons other than inflation, investors in these securities may not be protected to the extent that the increase is not reflected in the security’s inflation measure.

U.S. TIPS

U.S. TIPS are inflation-protected securities issued by the U.S. Department of Treasury, the principal amounts of which are adjusted daily based upon changes in the rate of inflation (currently

 

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represented by the non-seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (“CPI”), calculated with a three-month lag). U.S. TIPS pay interest on a semi-annual basis, equal to a fixed percentage of the inflation-adjusted principal amount. The interest rate on these bonds is fixed at issuance, but over the life of the bond, this interest may be paid on an increasing or decreasing principal value that has been adjusted for inflation. The CPI calculated by the U.S. Department of Treasury for the first day of each calendar month is the CPI for the third preceding calendar month. For example, the CPI used for April 1 in any year is the CPI for January of that year, which is reported in February. The factor used to calculate the principal amount of a U.S. TIPS each day is determined by a linear interpolation between the CPI for the first day of the month and the CPI on the first day of the next month.

The U.S. Treasury currently issues U.S. TIPS in ten-year maturities, and has announced its intention to issue U.S. TIPS with five- and twenty-year maturities. U.S. TIPS have previously been issued with maturities of five, ten and thirty years. Repayment of the original bond principal upon maturity (as adjusted for inflation) is guaranteed even during a period of deflation. However, because the principal amount of U.S. TIPS would be adjusted downward during a period of deflation, a Portfolio will be subject to deflation risk with respect to its investments in these securities. In addition, the current market value of the bonds is not guaranteed and will fluctuate. If a Portfolio purchases in the secondary market U.S. TIPS whose principal values have been adjusted upward due to inflation since issuance, the Portfolio may experience a loss if there is a subsequent period of deflation. If inflation is lower than expected during the period a Portfolio holds a U.S. TIPS, the Portfolio may earn less on the security than on a conventional bond.

Investment Companies Securities

Subject to applicable statutory and regulatory limitations, the Portfolios may invest in shares of other investment companies, including shares of other mutual funds, closed-end funds, and unregistered investment companies. Investments in other investment companies are subject to the risk of the securities in which those investment companies invest. In addition, to the extent a Portfolio invests in securities of other investment companies, shareholders would indirectly pay a portion of the operating costs of such companies in addition to the expenses of the Portfolio’s own operation. These costs include management, brokerage, shareholder servicing and other operational expenses.

The Portfolios may invest in shares of mutual funds or unit investment trusts that are traded on a stock exchange, called exchange-traded funds or ETFs. Typically an ETF seeks to track the performance of an index, such as the S&P 500, the NASDAQ 100, the Lehman Treasury Bond Index, or more narrow sector or foreign indices, by holding in its portfolio either the same securities that comprise the index, or a representative sample of the index. Investing in an ETF will give a Portfolio exposure to the securities comprising the index on which the ETF is based. Unlike shares of typical mutual funds or unit investment trusts, shares of ETFs are designed to be traded throughout a trading day, bought and sold based on market values and not at net asset value. For this reason, shares could trade at either a premium or discount to net asset value. However, the portfolios held by index-based ETFs are publicly disclosed on each trading day, and an approximation of actual net asset value is disseminated throughout the trading day. Because of this transparency, the trading prices of index-based ETFs tend to closely track the actual net asset value of the underlying portfolios and a Portfolio will generally gain or lose value depending on the performance of the index. However, gains or losses on a Portfolio’s investment in ETFs will ultimately depend on the purchase and sale price of the ETF. In the future, as new products become available, a Portfolio may invest in ETFs that are actively managed. Actively managed ETFs will likely not have the transparency of index-based ETFs, and therefore, may be more likely to trade at a discount or premium to actual net asset values. The Portfolios may invest in closed-end investment companies which hold securities of U.S. and/or non-U.S. issuers. Because shares of closed-end funds trade on an exchange, investments in closed-end investment funds may entail the additional risk that the market value of such investments may be substantially less than their net asset value.

 

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Inverse Floating Rate Obligations

Inverse floating rate obligations, or “inverse floaters” have coupon rates that vary inversely at a multiple of a designated floating rate (which typically is determined by reference to an index rate, but may also be determined through a dutch auction or a remarketing agent) (the “reference rate”). Inverse floaters may constitute a class of CMOs with a coupon rate that moves inversely to a designated index, such as London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or Cost of funds Index (“COFI”). Any rise in the reference rate of an inverse floater (as a consequence of an increase in interest rates) causes a drop in the coupon rate while any drop in the reference rate of an inverse floater causes an increase in the coupon rate. In addition, like most other fixed-income securities, the value of inverse floaters will generally decrease as interest rates increase.

Inverse floaters exhibit substantially greater price volatility than fixed rate obligations having similar credit quality, redemption provisions and maturity, and inverse floater CMOs exhibit greater price volatility than the majority of mortgage pass-through securities or CMOs. In addition, some inverse floater CMOs exhibit extreme sensitivity to changes in prepayments. As a result, the yield to maturity of an inverse floater CMO is sensitive not only to changes in interest rates but also to changes in prepayment rates on the related underlying mortgage assets.

Loan Participations and Assignments

Loan participations and assignments are interests in loans and therefore are considered to be investments in debt securities. If a Portfolio purchases a loan participation, the Portfolio typically will have a contractual relationship only with the lender that sold the participation, and not with the borrower. A Portfolio will have the right to receive payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from the lender selling the participation and only upon receipt by the lender of the payments from the borrower. In connection with purchasing loan participations, a Portfolio generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement relating to the loan, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Portfolio may not benefit directly from any collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, a Portfolio will assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the lender that is selling the participation. In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling a participation, a Portfolio may be treated as a general creditor of the lender and may not benefit from any set-off between the lender and the borrower. A Portfolio will acquire loan participations only if the lender interpositioned between the Portfolio and the borrower is determined by the Subadviser to be creditworthy. When a Portfolio purchases assignments from lenders, the Portfolio will acquire direct rights against the borrower on the loan, except that under certain circumstances such rights may be more limited than those held by the assigning lender.

A Portfolio may have difficulty disposing of assignments and loan participations. In certain cases, the market for such instruments is not highly liquid, and therefore the Portfolio anticipates that in such cases such instruments could be sold only to a limited number of institutional investors. The lack of a highly liquid secondary market may have an adverse impact on the value of such instruments and will have an adverse impact on a Portfolio’s ability to dispose of particular assignments or loan participations in response to a specific economic event, such as deterioration in the creditworthiness of the borrower.

The Board has adopted policies and procedures for the purpose of determining whether holdings are liquid or illiquid. The determination as to whether a particular loan participation or assignment is liquid or illiquid, depends upon the frequency of quotes, the number of dealers willing to sell and the

 

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number of potential purchasers, the nature of the loan participation or assignment, the time needed to dispose of it and the contractual provisions of the relevant documentation. To the extent that liquid assignments and loan participation that a Portfolio holds become illiquid, due to the lack of sufficient buyers or market or other conditions, the percentage of a Portfolio’s assets invested in illiquid assets would increase.

In valuing a loan participation or assignment held by a Portfolio for which a secondary trading market exists, the Portfolio will rely upon prices or quotations provided by banks, dealers or pricing services. To the extent a secondary trading market does not exist, a Portfolio’s loan participations and assignments will be valued in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board.

Loans of Portfolio Securities

The procedure for the lending of portfolio securities by a Portfolio to brokers or dealers or other financial institutions will include the following features and conditions. The borrower of the securities will deposit cash or liquid securities with the Portfolio in an amount equal to a minimum of 100% of the market value of the securities lent. The Portfolio will invest the cash collateral in short-term debt securities, money market funds or cash equivalents and earn the interest thereon. A negotiated portion of the income so earned may be paid to the borrower and/or the lending agent who arranged the loan. If a Portfolio receives securities as collateral, the Portfolio will receive a fee from the borrower. If the value of the collateral drops below the required minimum at any time, the borrower may be called upon to post additional collateral. If the additional collateral is not paid, the loan will be immediately due and, if unpaid, the Portfolio may use the collateral or its own cash to replace the securities by purchase in the open market charging any loss to the borrower. These will be “demand” loans and may be terminated by the Portfolio or the borrower at any time. A Portfolio will receive the equivalent of any dividends and interest paid on the securities lent and the loans will be structured to assure that the Portfolio will be able to exercise its voting rights on the securities by terminating the loan. Because the borrower may terminate a loan at any time and return the loaned security to a Portfolio, a Portfolio bears the risk that it will be required to return the cash collateral underlying the loan at a time when the value of cash, as invested by the Portfolio, has declined. The risks of lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of secured credit, also consist of possible delay in receiving additional collateral or in the recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially, or loss in the event that the value of the collateral, at the time of a default by the borrower, is less than the market value of the securities loaned. Loans will be made to firms deemed by the Subadviser to be of good standing and will not be made unless, in the judgment of the Subadviser, the consideration to be earned from such loans would justify the risk.

Money Market Instruments

Money market instruments are short-term debt obligations including U.S. government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities, repurchase agreements and certificates of deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association. Such certificates are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return, and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Under current regulations of the Federal Deposit Insurance Company, the maximum insurance payable as to any one certificate of deposit is $100,000; therefore, certificates of deposit purchased by a Portfolio may not be fully insured. Money market instruments also include commercial paper and bankers acceptances and bank time deposits. Bankers acceptances are short-term credit instruments used to finance commercial transactions. Generally, an acceptance is a time draft drawn on a bank by an exporter or an importer to obtain a stated

 

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amount of Portfolios to pay for specific merchandise. The draft is then “accepted” by a bank that, in effect, unconditionally guarantees to pay the face value of the instrument on its maturity date. The acceptance may then be held by the accepting bank as an asset or it may be sold in the secondary market at the going rate of interest for a specific maturity. Bank time deposits are monies kept on deposit with banks or savings and loan associations for a stated period of time at a fixed rate of interest. There may be penalties for the early withdrawal of such time deposits, in which case the yields of these investments will be reduced.

Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities

Payments of principal of and interest on mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities are made more frequently than are payments on conventional debt securities. In addition, holders of mortgage-backed securities and of certain asset-backed securities (such as asset-backed securities backed by home equity loans) may receive unscheduled payments of principal at any time representing prepayments on the underlying mortgage loans or financial assets. When the holder of the security attempts to reinvest prepayments or even the scheduled payments of principal and interest, it may receive a rate of interest that is higher or lower than the rate on the mortgage-backed security or asset-backed security originally held. To the extent that mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed securities are purchased by a Portfolio at a premium, mortgage foreclosures and principal prepayments may result in a loss to the extent of the premium paid. If mortgage-backed securities or asset-backed securities are bought at a discount, however, both scheduled payments of principal and unscheduled prepayments will increase current and total returns and will accelerate the recognition of income which, when distributed to investors, will be taxable as ordinary income.

Asset-backed securities may present certain risks not relevant to mortgage-backed securities. Although asset-backed securities are a growing sector of the financial markets, they are relatively new instruments and may be subject to a greater risk of default during periods of economic downturn than asset-backed securities. In addition, assets underlying asset-backed securities such as credit card receivables are generally unsecured, and debtors are entitled to the protection of various state and federal consumer protection laws, some of which provide a right of set-off that may reduce the balance owed.

Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Securities

Guaranteed mortgage pass-through securities are mortgage pass-through securities representing participation interests in pools of residential mortgage loans originated by U.S. governmental or private lenders and guaranteed, to the extent provided in such securities, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities. Any guarantee of such securities runs only to principal and interest payments on the securities and not to the market value of such securities or the principal and interest payments on the underlying mortgages. In addition, the guarantee only runs to the portfolio securities held by a Portfolio and not to the purchase of shares of the Portfolio. Such securities, which are ownership interests in the underlying mortgage loans, differ from conventional debt securities, which provide for

 

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periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts (usually semi-annually) and principal payments at maturity or on specified call dates. Mortgage pass-through securities provide for monthly payments that are a “pass-through” of the monthly interest and principal payments (including any prepayments) made by the individual borrowers on the pooled mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the guarantor of such securities and the servicer of the underlying mortgage loans. Guaranteed mortgage pass-through securities are often sold on a to-be-acquired or “TBA” basis. Such securities are typically sold one to three months in advance of issuance, prior to the identification of the underlying pools of mortgage securities but with the interest payment provisions fixed in advance. The underlying pools of mortgage securities are identified shortly before settlement and must meet certain parameters.

The guaranteed mortgage pass-through securities in which a Portfolio may invest may include those issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae (“Ginnie Mae Certificates”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae Certificates”) and Freddie Mac (“Freddie Mac Certificates”).

 

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Mortgage Dollar Rolls

In mortgage “dollar rolls” a Portfolio sells mortgage-backed securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type, coupon and maturity) securities on a specified future date. During the roll period, a Portfolio foregoes principal and interest paid on the mortgage-backed securities. A Portfolio is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the “drop”) as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale. At the time a Portfolio enters into a mortgage “dollar roll,” it will establish a segregated account with its custodian bank in which it will maintain cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid assets equal in value to its obligations in respect of dollar rolls or use other methods currently or in the future permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulation thereunder, or orders issued by the SEC thereunder. Mortgage dollar rolls involve the risk that the market value of the securities the Portfolio is obligated to repurchase under the agreement may decline below the repurchase price. In the event the buyer of securities under a mortgage dollar roll files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, a Portfolio’s use of proceeds of the dollar roll may be restricted pending a determination by the other party, or its trustee or receiver, whether to enforce the Portfolio’s obligation to repurchase the securities.

Municipal Securities

In general, municipal securities are debt obligations (bonds or notes) issued by or on behalf of states, territories and possessions of the United States and their political subdivisions, agencies and

 

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instrumentalities and other qualifying issuers, the interest on which is exempt from regular federal income taxes. Interest on some of these securities may be subject to federal alternative minimum tax. The municipal securities in which a Portfolio may invest include debt obligations issued by certain governmental issuers such as Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and Guam, general obligation bonds, revenue bonds, municipal leases, qualified private activity bonds and participation and other interests in such investments.

Municipal securities are issued to obtain funds for various public purposes, many of which may enhance the quality of life, including the construction of a wide range of public facilities, such as airports, bridges, highways, housing, hospitals, mass transportation, schools, streets, water and sewer works, gas, and electric utilities. They may also be issued to refund outstanding obligations, to obtain funds for general operating expenses, or to obtain funds to loan to other public institutions and facilities and in anticipation of the receipt of revenue or the issuance of other obligations. In addition, the term “municipal securities” includes certain types of industrial development bonds (“IDBs”) issued by public authorities to obtain funds to provide various privately-operated facilities for business and manufacturing, housing, sports, convention or trade show facilities, airport, mass transit, port and parking facilities, air or water pollution control facilities, and certain facilities for water supply, gas, electricity or sewerage or solid waste disposal.

The two principal classifications of municipal securities are “general obligation” and “revenue.” General obligations are secured by a municipal issuer’s pledge of its full faith, credit, and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue obligations are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source. Although IDBs are issued by municipal authorities, they are generally secured by the revenues derived from payments of the industrial user. The payment of the principal and interest on IDBs is dependent solely on the ability of the user of the facilities financed by the bonds to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of real and personal property so financed as security for such payment.

For purposes of diversification and concentration under the 1940 Act, the identification of the issuer of municipal securities depends on the terms and conditions of the obligation. If the assets and revenues of an agency, authority, instrumentality or other political subdivision are separate from those of the government creating the subdivision and the obligation is backed only by the assets and revenues of the subdivision, such subdivision is regarded as the sole issuer. Similarly, in the case of an IDB or a pollution control revenue bond, if the bond is backed only by the assets and revenues of the non-governmental user, the non-governmental user is regarded as the sole issuer. If in either case the creating government or another entity guarantees an obligation, the guaranty is regarded as a separate security and treated as an issue of such guarantor. Similar criteria apply for purposes of the diversification requirements under Subchapter M of the Code.

The yields on municipal securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including general market conditions, supply and demand, general conditions of the municipal market, size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. The ratings of nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”) such as Moody’s and S&P represent their opinions as to the quality of the municipal securities that they undertake to rate. It should be emphasized, however, that such ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, municipal securities with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields when purchased in the open market, while municipal securities of the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield.

A Portfolio may invest in securities the disposition of which is subject to legal or contractual restrictions. The sale of restricted securities often requires more time and results in higher dealer

 

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discounts or other selling expenses than does the sale of securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale. Restricted securities may sell at a price lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale.

Securities may be sold in anticipation of a market decline (a rise in interest rates) or purchased in anticipation of a market rise (a decline in interest rates). In addition, a security may be sold and another purchased at approximately the same time to take advantage of what the Subadviser believes to be a temporary disparity in the normal yield relationship between the two securities. In general, the secondary market for tax-exempt securities may be less liquid than that for taxable fixed-income securities. Accordingly, the ability of a Portfolio to make purchases and sales of securities in the foregoing manner may be limited. Yield disparities may occur for reasons not directly related to the investment quality of particular issues or the general movement of interest rates, but instead due to such factors as changes in the overall demand for or supply of various types of tax-exempt securities or changes in the investment objectives of investors.

Municipal securities also are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the federal Bankruptcy Code, and laws, if any, that may be enacted by Congress or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. There is also the possibility that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of any one or more issuers to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its or their municipal bonds may be materially affected.

Participation and Other Interests

Among the types of participation and other interests in municipal securities in which a Portfolio may invest are floating- or variable-rate demand instruments, tax-exempt commercial paper (generally having a maturity of less than nine months), and other types of notes generally having maturities of less than three years, such as tax anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes, and bond anticipation notes. Demand instruments usually have an indicated maturity of more than one year, but contain a demand feature that enables the holder to redeem the investment on no more than 30 days’ notice; variable-rate demand instruments provide for automatic establishment of a new interest rate on set dates; floating-rate demand instruments provide for automatic adjustment of their interest rates whenever some other specified interest rate changes (e.g., the prime rate). A Portfolio may purchase participation interests in variable-rate tax-exempt securities (such as IDBs) owned by banks. Participations are frequently backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of a bank that the Subadviser has determined meets the prescribed quality standards for the Portfolio. Participation interests will be purchased only if management believes interest income on such interests will be tax-exempt when distributed as dividends to shareholders.

Investments in participation interests in variable-rate tax-exempt securities (such as IDBs) purchased from banks give the purchaser an undivided interest in the tax-exempt security in the proportion that the Portfolio participation interest bears to the total principal amount of the tax-exempt security with a demand repurchase feature. Participation interests are frequently backed by an irrevocable letter of credit or guarantee of a bank that the Subadviser has determined meets the prescribed quality standards for the relevant Portfolio. A Portfolio has the right to sell the instrument back to the bank and draw on the letter of credit on demand on seven days’ notice or less, for all or any part of the Portfolio’s participation interest in the tax-exempt security, plus accrued interest. Banks will retain a service and letter of credit fee and a fee for issuing repurchase commitments in an amount equal to the excess of the interest paid on the tax-exempt securities over the negotiated yield at which the instruments were purchased by a Portfolio. The Subadviser will monitor the pricing, quality and liquidity of the variable-

 

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rate demand instruments held by a Portfolio, including the IDBs supported by bank letters of credit or guarantees, on the basis of published financial information, reports of rating agencies and other bank analytical services to which the Subadviser may subscribe.

The participation and other interests in municipal securities in which a Portfolio may invest may be issued by banks and other financial institutions and/or backed by bank obligations. This means that an investment in a Portfolio may be particularly susceptible to adverse events affecting the banking industry. Banks are highly regulated. Decisions by regulators may limit the loans banks make and the interest rates and fees they charge, and may reduce bank profitability. Banks also depend on being able to obtain Portfolios at reasonable costs to finance their lending operations. This makes them sensitive to changes in money market and general economic conditions. When a bank’s borrowers get in financial trouble, their failure to repay the bank will also affect the bank’s financial situation.

Municipal Leases

A Portfolio may invest in “municipal leases,” which generally are participations in intermediate- and short-term debt obligations issued by municipalities consisting of leases or installment purchase contracts for property or equipment. Although lease obligations do not constitute general obligations of the municipality for which the municipality’s taxing power is pledged, a lease obligation is ordinarily backed by the municipality’s covenant to budget for, appropriate and make the payments due under the lease obligation. However, certain lease obligations contain “non-appropriation” clauses, which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In addition to the “non-appropriation” risk, these securities represent a relatively new type of financing that has not yet developed the depth of marketability associated with more conventional bonds. Although “non-appropriation” lease obligations are often secured by the underlying property, disposition of the property in the event of foreclosure might prove difficult. In evaluating municipal lease obligations, the Subadviser will consider such factors as it deems appropriate, which may include: (a) whether the lease can be canceled; (b) the ability of the lease obligee to direct the sale of the underlying assets; (c) the general creditworthiness of the lease obligor; (d) the likelihood that the municipality will discontinue appropriating funding for the leased property in the event such property is no longer considered essential by the municipality; (e) the legal recourse of the lease obligee in the event of such a failure to appropriate funding; (f) whether the security is backed by a credit enhancement such as insurance; and (g) any limitations which are imposed on the lease obligor’s ability to utilize substitute property or services rather than those covered by the lease obligation.

Private Activity Bonds

A Portfolio may invest in private activity bonds. Interest income on certain types of private activity bonds issued after August 7, 1986 to finance non-governmental activities is a specific tax preference item for purposes of the federal individual and corporate alternative minimum taxes. Individual and corporate shareholders may be subject to a federal alternative minimum tax to the extent that a Portfolio’s dividends are derived from interest on those bonds. Dividends derived from interest income on tax-exempt municipal obligations are a component of the “current earnings” adjustment item for purposes of the federal corporate alternative minimum tax.

 

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Preferred Stock

Preferred stocks, like common stocks, represent an equity ownership in an issuer, but generally have a priority claim over common stocks, but not over debt, with respect to dividend payments and upon the liquidation or bankruptcy of the issuer. Therefore, preferred stock is subject to the credit risk of the issuer, but because of its subordinate position to debt obligations of the issuer, the deterioration of the credit of an issuer is likely to cause greater decreases in the value of preferred stock than in more senior debt obligations. The market value of preferred stocks with no conversion rights and fixed dividend rates, like fixed-income securities, tends to move inversely with interest rates, with the price determined by the dividend rate. However, because most preferred stocks do not have a fixed maturity date (although they may have call features giving the issuer the right to call the securities under certain circumstances or redemption features giving the holder the right to cause the issuer to repurchase the securities under certain circumstances), these securities generally will fluctuate more in value when interest rates change than, for example, debt issued by the same issuer. Some preferred stocks may pay dividends at an adjustable rate, based on an auction, an index or other formula. In the absence of credit deterioration, adjustable rate preferred stocks tend to have less price volatility than fixed rate preferred stocks.

Unlike common stocks, preferred stocks do not typically have voting rights. Some preferred stocks have convertible features.

Privately-Issued Mortgage Securities

Privately-issued mortgage securities are mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers and may entail greater risk than mortgage-backed securities that are guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities. Privately-issued mortgage securities are issued by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including mortgage bankers, commercial banks, investment banks, savings and loan associations and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. Since privately-issued mortgage certificates are not guaranteed by an entity having the credit status of Ginnie Mae or Freddie Mac, such securities generally are structured with one or more types of credit enhancement. Such credit support falls into two categories: (i) liquidity protection and (ii) protection against losses resulting from ultimate default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances, generally by the entity administering the pool of assets, to ensure that the pass-through of payments due on the underlying pool occurs in a timely fashion. Protection against losses resulting from ultimate default enhances the likelihood of ultimate payment of the obligations on at least a portion of the assets in the pool. Such protection may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties, through various means of structuring the transaction or through a combination of such approaches.

The ratings of mortgage securities for which third-party credit enhancement provides liquidity protection or protection against losses from default are generally dependent upon the continued creditworthiness of the provider of the credit enhancement. The ratings of such securities could be subject to reduction in the event of deterioration in the creditworthiness of the credit enhancement provider even in cases where the delinquency and loss experience on the underlying pool of assets is better than expected. There can be no assurance that the private issuers or credit enhancers of mortgage-backed securities can meet their obligations under the relevant policies or other forms of credit enhancement.

Examples of credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include “senior-subordinated securities” (multiple class securities with one or more classes subordinate to other classes as to the payment of principal thereof and interest thereon, with the result that defaults on the underlying assets are borne first by the holders of the subordinated class), creation of “reserve funds” (where cash or investments sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the underlying assets are held in reserve

 

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against future losses) and “over-collateralization” (where the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying assets exceed those required to make payment of the securities and pay any servicing or other fees). The degree of credit support provided for each issue is generally based on historical information with respect to the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Delinquency or loss in excess of that which is anticipated could adversely affect the return on an investment in such security.

Real Estate Investment Trusts

Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”) are entities which either own real properties or invest in construction or mortgage loans. Equity REITs may also include operating or finance companies. Equity REITs own real estate directly and the value of, and income earned by, the trust depends upon the income of the underlying properties and the rental income they earn. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. The value of securities issued by REITs is affected by tax and regulatory requirements and by perceptions of management skill. They are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers or tenants, self-liquidation, the possibility of failing to qualify for the deduction from REIT taxable income for dividends paid to investors under the Code and failing to maintain exemption from the 1940 Act.

Repurchase Agreements

A Portfolio may enter into repurchase agreements for cash management purposes. A repurchase agreement is a transaction in which the seller of a security commits itself at the time of the sale to repurchase that security from a Portfolio, as the buyer, at a mutually agreed upon time and price. The repurchase agreement thereby determines the yield during the purchaser’s holding period, while the seller’s obligation to repurchase is secured by the value of the underlying security. A Portfolio’s custodian will have custody of, and will hold in a segregated account, securities acquired by the Portfolio under a repurchase agreement. Repurchase agreements are considered by the staff of the SEC to be loans by a Portfolio. Repurchase agreements could involve risks in the event of a default or insolvency of the other party to the agreement, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Portfolio’s ability to dispose of the underlying securities.

A Portfolio will enter into repurchase agreements only with dealers, banks or recognized financial institutions which, in the opinion of the Subadviser, are deemed creditworthy. The portfolio managers will monitor the value of the securities underlying the repurchase agreement at the time the transaction is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement to ensure that the value of the securities always equals or exceeds the repurchase price. Each Portfolio requires that additional securities be deposited if the value of the securities purchased decreases below their resale price and bears the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security if the seller defaults under the repurchase obligation. In the event of default by the seller under the repurchase agreement, a Portfolio could experience losses and delays in connection with the disposition of the underlying securities. To the extent that, in the meantime, the value of the securities that a Portfolio has purchased has decreased, the Portfolio could experience a loss. Repurchase agreements with maturities of more than seven days will be treated as illiquid securities by a Portfolio.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements

A reverse repurchase agreement involves the sale of portfolio securities by a Portfolio to a broker/dealer or other financial institution, with an agreement by the Portfolio to repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price, date and interest payment. A Portfolio may have an opportunity to earn a greater rate of interest on the investment of the cash proceeds of the sale than the Portfolio is required to pay to the counterparty. However, opportunities to realize earnings from the use of the proceeds equal to or

 

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greater than the interest required to be paid by the Portfolio under the reverse repurchase agreement may not always be available. The use of reverse repurchase agreements involves the speculative factor known as “leverage” and may exaggerate any interim increase or decrease in the value of a Portfolio’s assets. If a Portfolio enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, the Portfolio will maintain assets with its custodian having a value equal to or greater than the value of its commitments under the agreement. A Portfolio’s liquidity and ability to manage its assets may be adversely affected when it sets aside cash or securities to cover its commitments. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale by the Portfolio may decline below the price of the securities the Portfolio has sold but is obliged to repurchase. In the event the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Portfolio’s obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Portfolio’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreements may effectively be restricted pending such decision.

Rule 144A Securities

The Portfolios may purchase Rule 144A securities, which may be sold to “qualified institutional buyers,” as defined in Rule 144A promulgated under the 1933 Act. Rule 144A provides an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), for the resale of certain restricted securities to qualified institutional buyers.

If there is a secondary market for such securities, Rule 144A securities may be considered liquid securities if so determined by or on behalf of the Board. The Board may delegate the day-to-day function of determining liquidity to the Manager or a Subadviser, provided that the Board retains oversight. The Board has adopted policies and procedures for the purpose of determining whether securities that are eligible for resales under Rule 144A are liquid or illiquid. Pursuant to those policies and procedures, the Board has delegated to the portfolio managers the determination as to whether a particular security is liquid or illiquid requiring that consideration be given to, among other things, the frequency of trades and quotes for the security, the number of dealers willing to sell the security and the number of potential purchasers, dealer undertakings to make a market in the security, the nature of the security and the time needed to dispose of the security. The Board periodically reviews Portfolio purchases and sales of Rule 144A securities.

To the extent that liquid Rule 144A securities that a Portfolio holds become illiquid, due to the lack of sufficient qualified institutional buyers or market or other conditions, the percentage of a Portfolio’s assets invested in illiquid assets would increase. The portfolio managers, under the supervision of the Board, will monitor Portfolio investments in Rule 144A securities and will consider appropriate measures to enable a Portfolio to meet any investment limitations and to maintain sufficient liquidity for operating purposes and to meet redemption requests.

Senior Loans

The Portfolios may invest in senior loans issued by banks or other financial institutions. Senior loans are any loans that hold a senior position in the capital structure of a business entity (the “Borrower”), typically secured with specific collateral and have a claim on the assets and/or stock of the Borrower, relative to the position held by subordinated debt holders and stockholders of the Borrower. The proceeds of senior loans primarily are used to finance leveraged buyouts, recapitalizations, mergers, acquisitions, stock repurchases or refinancings and to finance internal growth and for other corporate purposes. Senior loans typically have rates of interest that are re-determined either quarterly or semi-annually by reference to a base lending rate, plus a premium or credit spread. These base lending rates are primarily the London-Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), and secondarily the prime rate offered by one or more major U.S. banks (the “Prime Rate”) and the certificate of deposit (“CD”) rate or other base lending rates used by commercial lenders.

 

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Short Sales

Short sales of securities are transactions in which a Portfolio sells a security it does not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of the security. To complete such a transaction, the Portfolio must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Portfolio then is obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at or prior to the time of replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Portfolio. Until the security is replaced, the Portfolio is required to repay the lender any dividends or interest paid during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Portfolio also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold short. A portion of the net proceeds of the short sale may be retained by the broker (or by the Portfolio’s custodian in a special custody account) to the extent necessary to meet margin sales. The Portfolio will incur a loss as a result of the short sale if the price of the security increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Portfolio replaces the borrowed security. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of premiums, dividends, interest or expenses the Portfolio may be required to pay in connection with a short sale. An increase in the value of a security sold short by the Portfolio over the price which it was sold short will result in a loss to the Portfolio, and there can be no assurance that the Portfolio will be able to close out the position at any particular time or at an acceptable price. Where short sales are not against the box, losses may be unlimited.

A Portfolio may enter into a short sale “against the box” where it owns the securities sold short (or securities convertible or exchangeable into such securities at no additional cost to the Portfolio). If the Portfolio enters into a short sale against the box, it will be required to hold such securities while the short sale is outstanding. A Portfolio will incur transaction costs, including interest expense, in connection with opening, maintaining, and closing short sales against the box. If the Portfolio engages in any short sales against the box, it will incur the risk that the security sold short will appreciate in value after the sale, with the result that a Portfolio will lose the benefit of any such appreciation. A Portfolio may make short sales both as a form of hedging to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities and in order to maintain portfolio flexibility. Short sales may be subject to special tax rules.

Smaller Market Capitalization Companies

Investments in companies with smaller market capitalizations, including companies generally considered to be small cap and mid cap companies, may involve greater risks and volatility than investments in larger companies. Companies with smaller market capitalizations may be at an earlier stage of development, may be subject to greater business risks, may have limited product lines, limited financial resources and less depth in management than more established companies. In addition, these companies may have difficulty withstanding competition from larger more established companies in their industries. The securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations may be thinly traded (and therefore have to be sold at a discount from current market prices or sold in small lots over an extended period of time), may be followed by fewer investment research analysts and may be subject to wider price swings and thus may create a greater chance of loss than investing in securities of larger capitalization companies. In addition, transaction costs in smaller capitalization stocks may be higher than those of larger capitalization companies.

Sovereign Debt

Sovereign debt is debt issued or guaranteed by foreign governments (including countries, provinces and municipalities) or their agencies and instrumentalities. Sovereign debt may trade at a substantial discount from face value. Emerging-market country sovereign debt involves a high degree of risk, is generally lower-quality debt, and is considered speculative in nature. The issuer or governmental

 

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authorities that control sovereign-debt repayment (“sovereign debtors”) may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or interest when due in accordance with the terms of the debt. A sovereign debtor’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash-flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor’s policy towards the IMF, and the political constraints to which the sovereign debtor may be subject. Sovereign debtors may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest arrearage on their debt. The commitment of these third parties to make such disbursements may be conditioned on the sovereign debtor’s implementation of economic reforms or economic performance and the timely service of the debtor’s obligations. The sovereign debtor’s failure to meet these conditions may cause these third parties to cancel their commitments to provide funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair the debtor’s ability or willingness to timely service its debts.

Stand-by Commitments

A stand-by commitment involves the purchase of municipal securities by a Portfolio together with the right to resell them to the seller or a third party at an agreed-upon price or yield within specified periods prior to their maturity dates. Such a right to resell is commonly known as a stand-by commitment, and the aggregate price which a Portfolio pays for securities with a stand-by commitment may increase the cost, and thereby reduce the yield, of the security. The primary purpose of this practice is to provide a Portfolio with liquidity as needed. Stand-by commitments involve certain expenses and risks, including the inability of the issuer of the commitment to pay for the securities at the time the commitment is exercised, non-marketability of the commitment, and differences between the maturity of the underlying security and the maturity of the commitment.

Stripped Mortgage Securities

Stripped mortgage securities may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. Stripped mortgage securities have greater volatility than other types of mortgage securities. Although stripped mortgage securities are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, the market for such securities has not yet been fully developed. Accordingly, stripped mortgage securities may be illiquid.

Stripped mortgage securities are structured with two or more classes of securities that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of stripped mortgage security will have at least one class receiving only a small portion of the interest and a larger portion of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive primarily interest and only a small portion of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (“IO” or interest-only), while the other class will receive all of the principal (“PO” or principal-only class). The yield to maturity on IOs, POs and other mortgage-backed securities that are purchased at a substantial premium or discount generally are extremely sensitive not only to changes in prevailing interest rates but also to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on such securities’ yield to maturity. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Portfolio may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities even if the securities have received the highest rating by a nationally recognized statistical rating organizations.

 

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Structured Instruments

Structured instruments are money market instruments that have been structured to meet the regulatory requirements for investment by money market funds, typically by a bank, broker/dealer or other financial institution. They generally consist of a trust or partnership through which a Portfolio holds an interest in one or more underlying bonds or other debt obligations coupled with a conditional right to sell (“put”) the Portfolio’s interest in the underlying bonds at par plus accrued interest to a financial institution (a “Liquidity Provider”). With respect to tax-exempt instruments, the instrument is typically structured as a trust or partnership which provides for pass-through tax-exempt income. Structured instruments in which a Portfolio may invest include: (1) “Tender Option Bonds,” which are instruments which grant the holder thereof the right to put an underlying bond at par plus accrued interest at specified intervals to a Liquidity Provider; (2) “Swap Products,” in which the trust or partnership swaps the payments due on an underlying bond with a swap counterparty who agrees to pay a floating money market interest rate; and (3) “Partnerships,” which allocate to the partners income, expenses, capital gains and losses in accordance with a governing partnership agreement. Structured instruments may be considered to be derivatives.

Structured Notes and Related Instruments

The Portfolios may invest in “structured” notes and other related instruments, which are privately negotiated debt obligations where the principal and/or interest is determined by reference to the performance of a benchmark asset, market or interest rate (an “embedded index”), such as selected securities, an index of securities or specified interest rates, or the differential performance of two assets or markets, such as indexes reflecting bonds. Structured instruments may be issued by corporations, including banks, as well as by governmental agencies. Structured instruments frequently are assembled in the form of medium-term notes, but a variety of forms is available and may be used in particular circumstances. The terms of such structured instruments normally provide that their principal and/or interest payments are to be adjusted upwards or downwards (but ordinarily not below zero) to reflect changes in the embedded index while the structured instruments are outstanding. As a result, the interest and/or principal payments that may be made on a structured product may vary widely, depending on a variety of factors, including the volatility of the embedded index and the effect of changes in the embedded index on principal and/or interest payments. The rate of return on structured notes may be determined by applying a multiplier to the performance or differential performance of the referenced index(es) or other asset(s). Application of a multiplier involves leverage that will serve to magnify the potential for gain and the risk of loss.

Supranational Debt Obligations

Supranational entities include international organizations designated or supported by governmental entities and international banking institutions and related government agencies to promote economic reconstruction or development. Examples include the World Bank, the European Investment Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the Asian Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. Such supranational issued instruments may be denominated in multi-national currency units. Obligations of the World Bank and certain other supranational organizations are supported by subscribed but unpaid commitments of member countries. There is no assurance that these commitments will be undertaken or complied with in the future.

TBA Purchase Commitments

TBA or “To Be Announced” purchase commitments are commitments to purchase securities for a fixed price at a future date, typically not exceeding 75 to 90 days. TBA purchase commitments may be

 

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considered securities in themselves, and involve a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines prior to settlement date. Unsettled TBA purchase commitments are valued at the current market value of the underlying securities, and a Portfolio will set aside cash or other liquid assets in an amount at least equal to such commitments. On delivery dates for such transactions, a Portfolio will meet its obligations from maturities or sales of the segregated securities and/or from cash flow. If a Portfolio chooses to dispose of the TBA security prior to its settlement, it could, as with the disposition of any other portfolio obligation, incur a gain or loss due to market fluctuation.

Temporary Investments

When a Subadviser believes that market conditions warrant, a Portfolio may adopt a temporary defensive posture and may invest in short-term instruments without limitation. Short-term instruments in which a Portfolio may invest include: U.S. government securities; certain bank obligations (including CDs, TDs and bankers’ acceptances of domestic or foreign banks, domestic savings and loan associations and similar institutions); commercial paper; and repurchase agreements.

U.S. Government Securities

Securities issued or guaranteed by the United States government or one of its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities (“U.S. government securities”) in which the Portfolios may invest include debt obligations of varying maturities issued by the United States Treasury or issued or guaranteed by an agency or instrumentality of the United States government, including the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Small Business Administration, the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), General Services Administration, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Home Loan Banks, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), Maritime Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, District of Columbia Armory Board, Student Loan Marketing Association and Resolution Trust Company. Direct obligations of the United States Treasury include bills, certificates of indebtedness, notes and bonds which differ in their interest rates, maturities and dates of issuance. These instruments are direct obligations of the United States government and, as such, are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Because the United States government is not obligated by law to provide support to an instrumentality that it sponsors, no Portfolio will invest in obligations issued by an instrumentality of the United States government unless the Subadvisers determine that the instrumentality’s credit risk does not make its securities unsuitable for investment by the Portfolio.

A Portfolio may invest in U.S. government securities for which the principal repayment at maturity, while paid in U.S. dollars, is determined by reference to the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the currency of one or more foreign countries (“Exchange Rate-Related Securities”). The interest payable on these securities is denominated in U.S. dollars, is not subject to foreign currency risk and, in most cases, is paid at rates higher than most other U.S. government securities in recognition of the foreign currency risk component of Exchange Rate-Related Securities. Exchange Rate-Related Securities are issued in a variety of forms, depending on the structure of the principal repayment formula. The principal repayment formula may be structured so that the security holder will benefit if a particular foreign currency to which the security is linked is stable or appreciates against the U.S. dollar. In the alternative, the principal repayment formula may be structured so that the security holder benefits if the U.S. dollar is stable or appreciates against the linked foreign currency. Finally, the principal repayment formula can be a function of more than one currency and, therefore, be designed as a combination of those forms.

Investments in Exchange Rate-Related Securities entail special risks. There is the possibility of significant changes in rates of exchange between the U.S. dollar and any foreign currency to which an Exchange Rate-Related Security is linked. If currency exchange rates do not move in the direction or to the extent anticipated by a Subadviser at the time of purchase of the security, the amount of principal

 

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repaid at maturity might be significantly below the par value of the security, which might not be offset by the interest earned by the relevant Portfolio over the term of the security. The rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and other currencies is determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets. These forces are affected by the international balance of payments and other economic and financial conditions, government intervention, speculation and other factors. The imposition or modification of foreign exchange controls by the U.S. or foreign governments or intervention by central banks could also affect exchange rates. Finally, there is no assurance that sufficient trading interest to create a liquid secondary market will exist for a particular Exchange Rate-Related Security because of conditions in the debt and foreign currency markets. Illiquidity in the forward foreign exchange market and the high volatility of the foreign exchange market may from time to time combine to make it difficult to sell an Exchange Rate-Related Security prior to maturity without incurring a significant price loss.

Warrants

Warrants are securities which permit, but do not obligate, their holder to subscribe for other securities. Warrants are subject to the same market risks as stocks, but may be more volatile in price. Warrants do not carry the right to dividends or voting rights with respect to their underlying securities, and they do not represent any rights in assets of the issuer. An investment in warrants may be considered speculative. In addition, the value of a warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date.

When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities

Securities purchased on a “when-issued” or on a “forward delivery” basis means that delivery of the securities occurs beyond customary settlement times. Delivery of and payment for these securities can take place a month or more after the date of the purchase commitment. The payment obligation and the interest rate that will be received on when-issued and delayed-delivery securities are fixed at the time the buyer enters into the commitment. Due to fluctuations in the value of securities purchased or sold on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis, the yields obtained on such securities may be higher or lower than the yields available in the market on the dates when the investments are actually delivered to the buyers. When-issued securities may include securities purchased on a “when, as and if issued” basis, under which the issuance of the security depends on the occurrence of a subsequent event, such as approval of a merger, corporate reorganization or debt restructuring. The value of such securities is subject to market fluctuation during this period and no interest or income, as applicable, accrues to the Portfolio until settlement takes place.

At the time a Portfolio makes the commitment to purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, it will record the transaction, reflect the value each day of such securities in determining its net asset value and, if applicable, calculate the maturity for the purposes of average maturity from that date. At the time of settlement a when-issued security may be valued at less than the purchase price. To facilitate such acquisitions, a Portfolio will identify on its books cash or liquid assets in an amount at least equal to such commitments or use other methods currently or in the future permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulation thereunder, or orders issued by the SEC thereunder. On delivery dates for such transactions, a Portfolio will meet its obligations from maturities or sales of the segregated securities and/or from cash flow. If a Portfolio chooses to dispose of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition, it could, as with the disposition of any other portfolio obligation, incur a gain or loss due to market fluctuation. When a Portfolio engages in when-issued or delayed-delivery transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the trade. Failure of the seller to do so may result in the Portfolio’s incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price considered advantageous.

 

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Zero Coupon Securities, PIK Bonds and Deferred Payment Securities

The Portfolios may invest in zero coupon securities, PIK bonds and deferred payment securities. A zero coupon bond pays no interest in cash to its holder during its life, although interest is accrued during that period. Its value to an investor consists of the difference between its face value at the time of maturity and the price for which it was acquired, which is generally an amount significantly less than its face value (sometimes referred to as a “deep discount” price). Because such securities usually trade at a deep discount, they will be subject to greater fluctuations of market value in response to changing interest rates than debt obligations of comparable maturities which make periodic distributions of interest. On the other hand, because there are no periodic interest payments to be reinvested prior to maturity, zero coupon securities eliminate reinvestment risk and lock in a rate of return to maturity. The Portfolios may also invest in hybrid zero coupon securities which possess qualities of both zero coupon and coupon bonds.

A Portfolio also may purchase PIK bonds. PIK bonds pay all or a portion of their interest in the form of debt or equity securities. Pay-in-kind securities have characteristics similar to those of zero coupon securities but interest on such securities may be paid in the form of obligations of the same type rather than cash.

The Portfolios may invest in deferred interest bonds, which are debt obligations that generally provide for a period of delay before the regular payment of interest begins and that are issued at a significant discount from face value. The original discount approximates the total amount of interest the bonds will accrue and compound over the period until the first interest accrual date at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. Although this period of delay is different for each deferred interest bond, a typical period is approximately one-third of the bond’s term to maturity. Such investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its initial need for cash to meet debt service, but some also provide a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of such cash.

Zero coupon securities, PIK bonds and deferred payment securities tend to be subject to greater price fluctuations in response to changes in interest rates than ordinary interest-paying debt securities with similar maturities. The value of zero coupon securities appreciates more during periods of declining interest rates and depreciates more during periods of rising interest rates than ordinary interest-paying debt securities with similar maturities. Zero coupon securities, PIK bonds and deferred payment securities may be issued by a wide variety of corporate and governmental issuers. Although these instruments are generally not traded on a national securities exchange, they are widely traded by brokers and dealers and, to such extent, will not be considered illiquid for the purposes of a Portfolio’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

Current federal income tax law requires the holder of a zero coupon security, certain PIK bonds, deferred payment securities and certain other securities acquired at a discount (such as Brady Bonds) to accrue income with respect to these securities prior to the receipt of cash payments. Accordingly, to avoid liability for federal income and excise taxes and to meet other distribution requirements under the Code applicable to regulated investment companies, a Portfolio may be required to distribute income accrued with respect to these securities and may have to dispose of portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances in order to generate cash to satisfy these distribution requirements.

Risk Factors Affecting the Portfolios

The following risk factors apply only to the Portfolios and are intended to supplement the risks described above and Part A of this Registration Statement.

General

Investors should realize that risk of loss is inherent in the ownership of any securities and that each Portfolio’s net asset value will fluctuate, reflecting fluctuations in the market value of its portfolio positions.

Non-Diversification and Geographic Concentration

Funds, such as Series C Portfolio and Series EC Portfolio, that are “non-diversified” are permitted to invest a greater proportion of their assets in the securities of a smaller number of issuers, and, thus, may be subject to greater credit and liquidity risks with respect to the individual portfolios than a fund that is more broadly diversified. In addition, concentration of a Portfolio’s assets in one or a few countries or currencies will subject the Portfolio to greater risks than if the Portfolio’s assets were not geographically concentrated.

 

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Borrowing

The Portfolios may borrow in certain circumstances. Borrowing and other transactions used for leverage may cause the value of a Portfolio’s shares to be more volatile than if the Portfolio did not borrow or engage in such transactions. This is because leverage tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Portfolio’s portfolio holdings. Leverage thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. A Portfolio may be required to liquidate portfolio securities at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so in order to make payments with respect to any borrowing, which could affect the subadviser’s strategy and the ability of the Portfolio to comply with certain requirements of the Code for the Portfolio’s to be able to provide pass through tax treatment as a regulated investment company to shareholders. There also are costs associated with engaging in leverage, and these costs would offset and could eliminate a Portfolio’s net investment income in any given period.

Fixed-Income Securities

Investments in fixed-income securities may subject a Portfolio to risks, including the following:

Asset-Backed, Mortgage-Backed or Mortgage-Related Securities Risk

To the extent a Portfolio invests significantly in asset-backed, mortgage-backed or mortgage-related securities, its exposure to prepayment and extension risks may be greater than other investments in fixed-income securities. Mortgage derivatives held by a Portfolio may have especially volatile prices and may have a disproportionate effect on the Portfolio’s share price. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of mortgage-related securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. In addition, mortgage-related securities are subject to prepayment risk—the risk that borrowers may pay off their mortgages sooner than expected, particularly when interest rates decline. This can reduce a Portfolio’s returns because the Portfolio may have to reinvest that money at lower prevailing interest rates. A Portfolio’s investments in other asset-backed securities are subject to risks similar to those associated with mortgage-backed securities.

Call Risk and Extension Risk

Fixed-income securities may be subject to both call risk and extension risk. Call risk exists when the issuer may exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation earlier than scheduled, which would cause cash flows to be returned earlier than expected. This typically results when interest rates have declined, and the Portfolio will suffer from having to reinvest in lower yielding securities. Extension risk exists when the issuer may exercise its right to pay principal on an obligation later than scheduled, which would cause cash flows to be returned later than expected. This typically results when interest rates have increased, and a Portfolio will suffer from the inability to invest in higher yield securities.

Currency Risk

The U.S. dollar value of securities denominated in a foreign currency will vary with changes in currency exchange rates, which can be volatile. Accordingly, changes in the value of the currency in which a Portfolio’s investments are denominated relative to the U.S. dollar will affect the Portfolio’s net asset value. Exchange rates are generally affected by the forces of supply and demand in the international currency markets, the relative merits of investing in different countries and the intervention or failure to

 

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intervene of U.S. or foreign governments and central banks. However, currency exchange rates may fluctuate based on factors intrinsic to a country’s economy. Some emerging market countries also may have managed currencies, which are not free floating against the U.S. dollar. In addition, emerging markets are subject to the risk of restrictions upon the free conversion of their currencies into other currencies. Any devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar in the currencies in which a Portfolio’s securities are quoted would reduce the Portfolio’s net asset value per share.

A Portfolio may be limited in its ability to hedge the value of its non-dollar-denominated investments against currency fluctuations. As a result, a decline in the value of currencies in which the Portfolio’s investments are denominated against the dollar will result in a corresponding decline in the dollar value of the Portfolio’s assets. These declines will in turn affect the Portfolio’s income and net asset value. The Portfolio will compute its income on the date of its receipt by the Portfolio at the exchange rate in effect with respect to the relevant currency on that date. If the value of the currency declines relative to the dollar between the date income is accrued and the date the Portfolio makes a distribution, the amount available for distribution to the Portfolio’s shareholders would be reduced. If the exchange rate against the dollar of a currency in which a portfolio security of the Portfolio is denominated declines between the time the Portfolio accrues expenses in dollars and the time expenses are paid, the amount of the currency required to be converted into dollars in order to pay expenses in dollars will be greater than the equivalent amount in the currency of the expenses at the time they are incurred. A decline in the value of non-U.S. currencies relative to the dollar may also result in foreign currency losses that will reduce distributable net investment income.

Default Risk/Credit Risk

Investments in fixed-income securities are subject to the risk that the issuer of the security could default on its obligations, causing a Portfolio to sustain losses on such investments. A default could impact both interest and principal payments.

Foreign Securities Risk

Investments in securities of foreign issuers involve certain risks not ordinarily associated with investments in securities of domestic issuers. Such risks include fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, future political and economic developments, and the possible imposition of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or restrictions. Since a Portfolio may invest in securities denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, changes in foreign currency exchange rates will, to the extent the Portfolio does not adequately hedge against such fluctuations, affect the value of securities in its portfolio and the unrealized appreciation or depreciation of investments so far as U.S. investors are concerned. In addition, with respect to certain countries, there is the possibility of expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation, political or social instability or diplomatic developments which could adversely affect investments in those countries. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than about a U.S. company, and foreign companies may not be subject to accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to or as uniform as those of U.S. companies. Foreign securities markets, while growing in volume, have, for the most part, substantially less volume than U.S. markets, and securities of many foreign companies are less liquid and their price more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. Transaction costs on foreign securities markets are generally higher than in the U.S. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of exchanges, brokers and issuers than there is in the U.S. A Portfolio might have greater difficulty taking appropriate legal action in foreign courts. Dividend and interest income from foreign securities will generally be subject to withholding taxes by the country in which the issuer is located and may not be recoverable by a Portfolio. Capital gains are also subject to taxation in some foreign countries.

 

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Inflation-Protected Securities Risk

The value of inflation-protected securities generally fluctuates in response to changes in real interest rates. Real interest rates are tied to the relationship between nominal interest rates and the rate of inflation. If nominal interest rates increase at a faster rate than inflation, real interest rates might rise, leading to a decrease in value of inflation-protected securities. Conversely, if inflation rises at a faster rate than nominal interest rates, real interest rates might decline, leading to an increase in value of inflation-protected securities.

If a Portfolio purchases in the secondary market inflation-protected securities whose principal values have been adjusted upward due to inflation since issuance, the Portfolio may experience a loss if there is a subsequent period of deflation. Additionally, if a Portfolio purchases in the secondary market inflation-protected securities whose price has been adjusted upward due to real interest rates decreasing, the Portfolio may experience a loss if real interest rates subsequently increase. If inflation is lower than expected during the period a Portfolio holds an inflation-protected security, the Portfolio may earn less on the security than on a conventional bond. Other than U.S. TIPS, the principal values of inflation-protected securities are not guaranteed. However, if a Portfolio sells U.S. TIPS in the secondary market prior to maturity, the Portfolio may experience a loss.

In addition, any increase in principal value caused by an increase in the index the inflation-protected securities are tied to is taxable in the year the increase occurs, even though the Portfolio will not receive cash representing the increase at that time. As a result, a Portfolio could be required at times to liquidate other investments, including when it is not advantageous to do so, in order to satisfy its distribution requirements as a regulated investment company under the Code, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss to the Portfolio.

If real interest rates rise (i.e., if interest rates rise for reasons other than inflation (for example, due to changes in currency exchange rates)), the value of the inflation-protected securities in a Portfolio’s portfolio will decline. Moreover, because the principal amount of inflation-protected securities would be adjusted downward during a period of deflation, the Portfolio will be subject to deflation risk with respect to its investments in these securities. Inflation-protected securities are tied to indices that are calculated based on the rates of inflation for prior periods. There can be no assurance that such indices will accurately measure the real rate of inflation.

The market for inflation-protected securities may be less developed or liquid, and more volatile, than certain other securities markets. Although the U.S. Treasury has announced that it will issue additional inflation-protected securities, there is no guarantee it will do so. There are a limited number of inflation-protected securities that are currently available for the Portfolio to purchase, making the market less liquid and more volatile than the U.S. Treasury and agency markets.

Interest Rate Risk

When interest rates decline, the market value of fixed-income securities tends to increase. Conversely, when interest rates increase, the market value of fixed-income securities tends to decline. The volatility of a security’s market value will differ depending upon the security’s duration, the issuer and the type of instrument.

Lower Rated Fixed-Income Securities Risk

Securities which are rated BBB by S&P or Baa by Moody’s are generally regarded as having adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal, but may have some speculative characteristics.

 

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Securities not rated at least BBB by S&P or Baa by Moody’s have predominantly speculative characteristics, including the possibility of default or bankruptcy of the issuers of such securities, market price volatility based upon interest rate sensitivity, questionable creditworthiness and relative liquidity of the secondary trading market. Because high yield bonds (“junk bonds”) have been found to be more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments and less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher-rated investments, an economic downturn could disrupt the market for high yield bonds and adversely affect the value of outstanding bonds and the ability of issuers to repay principal and interest. In addition, in a declining interest rate market, issuers of high yield bonds may exercise redemption or call provisions, which may force a Portfolio, to the extent it owns such securities, to replace those securities with lower yielding securities. This could result in a decreased return. Subsequent to its purchase by a Portfolio, an issue of securities may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum required for purchase by the Portfolio. In addition, it is possible that Moody’s, S&P and other rating agencies might not timely change their ratings of a particular issue to reflect subsequent events.

Restrictions on Foreign Investment Risk

Some countries prohibit or impose substantial restrictions on investments in their capital markets, particularly their equity markets, by foreign entities such as a Portfolio. As illustrations, certain countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, or limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular company, or limit the investment by foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of a company which may have less advantageous terms than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals or limit the repatriation of Portfolios for a period of time.

A Portfolio may invest in closed-end investment companies that concentrate their investments in the securities of a particular country. In accordance with the 1940 Act, a Portfolio may invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities of closed-end investment companies. This restriction on investments in securities of closed-end investment companies may limit opportunities for a Portfolio to invest indirectly in certain smaller capital markets. Shares of certain closed-end investment companies may at times be acquired only at market prices representing premiums to their net asset values. If a Portfolio acquires shares in closed-end investment companies, shareholders would bear both their proportionate share of expenses in the Portfolio and, indirectly, the expenses of such closed-end investment companies.

Smaller capital markets, while often growing in trading volume, have substantially less volume than U.S. markets, and securities in many smaller capital markets are less liquid and their prices may be

 

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more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. Brokerage commissions, custodial services, and other costs relating to investment in smaller capital markets are generally more expensive than in the United States. Such markets have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Further, satisfactory custodial services for investment securities may not be available in some countries having smaller capital markets, which may result in the Portfolio incurring additional costs and delays in transporting and custodying such securities outside such countries. Delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when assets of a Portfolio are uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of a Portfolio to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Portfolio to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of a portfolio security due to settlement problems could result either in losses to a Portfolio due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio security or, if the Portfolio has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in possible liability to the purchaser. Generally, there is less government supervision and regulation of exchanges, brokers and issuers in countries having smaller capital markets than there is in the United States.

Securities of Developing/Emerging Market Countries Risk

A Portfolio’s investments in debt securities of emerging market issuers may include dollar and non-dollar denominated: (i) debt obligations issued or guaranteed by foreign national, provincial, state, municipal or other governments with taxing authority or by their agencies or instrumentalities, including Brady Bonds; (ii) debt obligations of supranational entities; (iii) debt obligations and other debt securities of foreign corporate issuers; (iv) debt obligations of U.S. corporate issuers; (v) debt securities issued by corporations that generate significant profits from emerging market countries; and (vi) structured securities, including but not limited to, warrants, options and other derivatives, whose price is directly linked to emerging market securities or indices.

Investing in securities of emerging market issuers entails all of the risks of investing in securities of foreign issuers to a heightened degree. The heightened risks include: (i) greater risks of expropriation, confiscatory taxation, nationalization, and less social, political and economic stability; (ii) the smaller size of the market for such securities and a lower volume of trading, resulting in lack of liquidity and price volatility; and (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the Portfolio’s investment opportunities, including restrictions on investing in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to relevant national interests.

Investing in securities of emerging market issuers also entails the heightened risks of investing in emerging market sovereign debt. The heightened risks include:

Risk of default by a governmental issuer or guarantor. In the event of a default, the Portfolio may have limited legal recourse against the issuer and/or guarantor.

Risk of restructuring certain debt obligations (such as Brady Bonds). This may include reducing and rescheduling interest and principal payments or requiring lenders to extend additional credit, which may adversely affect the value of these investments.

The economies of individual emerging market countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. Further, the economies of developing countries generally are heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.

 

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Foreign investment in certain emerging market issuers is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude foreign investment in certain emerging market issuers and increase the costs and expenses of the Portfolio. Certain emerging market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of the countries and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. Certain emerging market countries may also restrict investment opportunities in issuers in industries deemed important to national interests.

Emerging market countries may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. In addition, if a deterioration occurs in an emerging market country’s balance of payments, the country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. Investing in local markets in emerging market countries may require the Portfolio to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Portfolio.

Special Risks Associated with Investment in Russia

Investments in Russia are subject to a higher degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investment in the U.S. securities markets, and should be considered highly speculative. As Russia is generally considered an emerging market, the foregoing discussion regarding risks associated with emerging markets is directly applicable to any investments a Portfolio may make in Russia.

Russia may be subject to a greater degree of economic, political and social instability than is the case in the United States and Western European countries. Such instability may result from, among other things: (i) authoritarian governments or military involvement in political and economic decision-making, including changes in government through extra-constitutional means; (ii) popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic and social conditions; (iii) internal insurgencies; (iv) hostile relations with neighboring countries; and (v) ethnic, religious and racial disaffection. Other risks of investing in Russia may include:

 

   

The possibility of a reversal in political and economic reform policies or the implementation of non-market-oriented or nationalistic governmental policies.

 

   

The risk of nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation, which may involve the risk of total loss.

 

   

The fact that ownership of securities of Russian companies is recorded by the companies themselves and by registrars, rather than through a central registration system, and, therefore, it is possible that a Portfolio’s ownership rights could be lost through fraud or negligence.

 

   

Russian banking institutions and registrars are not guaranteed by the government, a Portfolio may not be able to pursue claims on behalf of the Portfolio’s shareholders and the Portfolio’s shareholders may not be able to pursue claims on their own behalf because of the system of share registration and custody.

 

B-54


   

Less developed regulation of the securities markets and the attendant risk that such markets may be substantially influenced by insider trading and other market practices not accepted in developed markets.

 

   

Less developed corporate governance standards which may allow greater manipulation by corporate management and corporate insiders, and less protection for minority shareholders, than in more developed countries.

 

   

Russia’s heavy dependence on export earnings and the sale of commodities, including oil, and the corresponding importance of international trade devaluation pressure on the ruble’s exchange rate.

 

   

The fact that physical infrastructure in parts of Russia is in very poor condition, which can disrupt normal business activities.

 

   

The fact that Russian issuers may be forced into liquidation or nationalized on the basis of formal non-compliance in the past with certain legislative requirements.

 

   

A greater degree of public corruption and crime, including organized crime.

Special Risks Associated with investment in Brazil

The Brazilian government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector by legislation and regulation, including regulation of prices and wages. Brazilian law imposes certain limitations and controls which generally affect foreign investors in Brazil. Under current Brazilian law, whenever there occurs a serious imbalance in Brazil’s balance of payments or serious reasons to foresee the imminence of such an imbalance, Brazil’s national Monetary Council may, for a limited period, impose restrictions on foreign capital remittances abroad. Exchange control regulations, which may restrict repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of securities sales by foreign investors, may limit the Portfolios’ ability to make sufficient distributions, within applicable time periods, to qualify for the favorable U.S. tax treatment afforded to regulated investment companies.

A Portfolio is unable to predict whether further economic reforms or modifications to the existing policies by the Brazilian government may adversely affect the liquidity of the Brazilian stock market in the future.

Special Risks Associated with Investment in Egypt

The Egyptian government, while a democracy, is highly centralized with the president having extensive executive powers. Egypt is one of Africa’s most prosperous economies despite the fact that it is extremely vulnerable to external factors such as conflict in the surrounding region including terrorist activities. Returns on holdings may be adversely affected by, among other factors:

 

   

Significant shifts in Egypt’s main industry sectors such as tourism, agriculture, manufacturing and oil and gas.

 

   

Domestic political instability and volatility in domestic security.

 

   

The breakdown of the Egyptian central bank’s “managed peg” exchange rate mechanisms in fostering exchange rate stability and ensuring sufficient liquidity.

 

B-55


   

Adverse domestic factors, such as a decline in foreign direct investment, increases in domestic inflation, high domestic interest rates and exchange rate volatility, each of which could lead to lower economic growth or a decrease in Egypt’s international reserves.

 

   

The regional political and economic climate, including the continuing violence between Israel and the Palestinian Authority.

 

   

Changes in world commodity prices (especially petroleum and agricultural products) which could affect Egypt’s balance of payments.

 

   

A rise international interest rates, which could increase Egypt’s current account deficit and budgetary expenditures.

 

   

Recession or low economic growth in Egypt’s trading partners, which could decrease exports, induce a contraction of Egypt’s economy and, indirectly, reduce tax revenues and other public sector revenues and adversely affect the fiscal accounts.

Special Risks Associated with Investment in the Philippines

Upon gaining office, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and her administrators faced major social and economic challenges, including the out of control budget deficit, below target revenues, huge borrowings, a volatile currency and low investor confidence. Since then, much has been achieved on the political front. Initiatives towards improving peace and order have started to bear fruit as major criminals and terrorists are slowly being caught. Legislation has been progressive on the congressional level. The lack of cohesion in the Philippine Senate has culminated in a recent change in leadership as weak allegiances have been broken.

The economy is basically agricultural with an aggregate of about two-thirds of Filipinos depending on that sector. A major transition is underway, involving various sectors that capitalize on the many strengths of the Philippines labor office. The manufacturing sector continues to increase its share of gross domestic product relative to the traditional agricultural and mining sectors.

The Philippines is a country with a rapid rate of population growth, and this could create a dangerous demographic bulge and obstacle to longer-term economic and social development. However as long as the workforce remains mobile, the Philippines can export labor to more successful economies. Keys to future growth would be to continue attracting foreign capital, enhancing the efficiency of domestic firms. One promising sign is that Philippine corporations are not as indebted as their counterparts in many neighboring countries.

Reforming the fiscal sector poses a serious challenge to the country’s leadership. It has to raise taxes, boost the cost effectiveness of public expenditure, and require public corporations to produce resources for the public coffers rather than serve as a source of drain. This requires a leadership that is able to form a sufficiently strong coalition of followers in the legislative branch to produce the necessary laws to improve fiscal performance.

Special Risks Associated with Investment in Mexico

The Mexican government has exercised, and continues to exercise, a significant influence over many aspects of the private sector in Mexico. Mexican government actions concerning the economy could have a significant effect on market conditions and prices and yields of Mexican government

 

B-56


securities. The value of a Portfolio’s portfolio investments may be affected by changes in oil prices, interest rates, taxation and other political or economic developments in Mexico, including recent political and social problems and rates of inflation that have exceeded the rates of inflation in the United States. A Portfolio can provide no assurance that future developments in the Mexican economy, in Mexican government policy or in the political landscape will not impair its investment flexibility, operations or ability to achieve its investment objective. Moreover, recent events in Latin American have shown that economic, financial and political events in one country of the region can negatively influence the economic, financial and political conditions of another country of the region.

Special risks of Countries in the Asia Pacific Region

Certain of the risks associated with international investments are heightened for investments in these countries. For example, some of the currencies of these countries have experienced devaluations relative to the U.S. dollar, and adjustments have been made periodically in certain of such currencies. Certain countries, such as Indonesia, face serious exchange constraints. Jurisdictional disputes also exist, for example, between South Korea and North Korea.

Senior Loan Risk

Senior loans may be rated in lower grade rating categories, or may be unrated but of lower grade quality. As in the case of junk bonds, senior loans can provide higher yields than higher grade income securities, but are subject to greater credit and other risks. Although senior loan obligations often are secured by pledges of assets by the borrower and have other structural aspects intended to provide greater protection to the holders of bank loans than the holders of unsecured and subordinated securities, there are also additional risks in holding senior loans. In particular, the secondary trading market for senior loans is not well developed and, therefore, senior loans present increased market risk relating to liquidity and pricing concerns. Senior loans and other variable rate debt instruments are subject to the risk of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. Such non-payment would result in a reduction of income to the Portfolio, a reduction in the value of the investment and a potential decrease in the net asset value of the Portfolio. Similarly, a sudden and significant increase in market interest rates may cause a decline in the value of these investments and in the Portfolio’s net asset value. Other factors (including, but not limited to, rating downgrades, credit deterioration, a large downward movement in stock prices, a disparity in supply and demand of certain securities or market conditions that reduce liquidity) can reduce the value of senior loans and other debt obligations, impairing the Portfolio’s net asset value.

A Portfolio may acquire senior loans of borrowers that are experiencing, or are more likely to experience, financial difficulty, including senior loans of borrowers that have filed for bankruptcy protection. Although senior loans in which the Portfolio will invest generally will be secured by specific collateral, there can be no assurance that liquidation of such collateral would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of nonpayment of scheduled interest or principal, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, a Portfolio could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of the collateral securing a senior loan. In the event that a Portfolio invests a portion of its assets in senior loans that are not secured by specific collateral, the Portfolio will not enjoy the benefits of collateralization with respect to such senior loans.

In the case of collateralized senior loans, there is no assurance that sale of the collateral would raise enough cash to satisfy the borrower’s payment obligation or that the collateral can or will be liquidated. As a result, a Portfolio might not receive payments to which it is entitled and thereby may experience a decline in the value of its investment and its net asset value. In the event of bankruptcy, liquidation may not occur and the court may not give lenders the full benefit of their senior positions. If the terms of a senior loan do not require the borrower to pledge additional collateral, the Portfolio will be

 

B-57


exposed to the risk that the value of the collateral will not at all times equal or exceed the amount of the borrower’s obligations under the senior loans. To the extent that a senior loan is collateralized by stock in the borrower or its subsidiaries, such stock may lose all of its value in the event of bankruptcy of the borrower. Uncollateralized senior loans involve a greater risk of loss.

Warrants Risk

Because a warrant does not carry with it the right to dividends or voting rights with respect to the securities that the warrant holder is entitled to purchase, and because a warrant does not represent any rights to the assets of the issuer, a warrant may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments. In addition, the value of a warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying security and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. Warrants acquired by a Portfolio in units or attached to securities may be deemed to be without value.

When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Transactions Risk

Securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis may expose a Portfolio to risk because the securities may experience fluctuations in value prior to their delivery. Purchasing when-issued or delayed delivery securities can involve the additional risk that the yield available in the market when the delivery takes place may be higher than that obtained in the transaction itself.

Temporary Investments

The Portfolios may depart from their principal investment strategies in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions by taking temporary defensive positions in any type of money market instruments and short-term debt securities or cash without regard to any percentage limitations. If a Portfolio takes a temporary defensive position it may be unable to achieve its investment objectives.

Other Investments

In addition to the foregoing, the Portfolios may investment in instruments that exist or that may develop in the future if the Manager or a Subadviser, as applicable, believes such instruments to be commensurate with appropriate risk assumption and pursuit of the Portfolio’s investment objectives.

 

B-58


Investment Policies

Each Portfolio has adopted the fundamental investment policies below for the protection of investors. Fundamental investment policies may not be changed without the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Portfolio, defined under the 1940 Act as the lesser of (i) voting securities representing 67% or more of the voting power present at a meeting at which the holders of voting securities representing more than 50% of the voting power of the Portfolio are present in person or represented by proxy, or (ii) voting securities representing more than 50% of the voting power of the Portfolio.

(1) The Portfolio may not borrow money except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

(2) The Portfolio may not engage in the business of underwriting the securities of other issuers except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

(3) The Portfolio may lend money or other assets to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

(4) The Portfolio may not issue senior securities except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

(5) The Portfolio may not purchase or sell real estate except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

(6) The Portfolio may purchase or sell commodities or contracts related to commodities to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.

(7) Except as permitted by exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, the Portfolio may not make any investment if, as a result, the Portfolio’s investments will be concentrated in any one industry.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth in (1) above, the 1940 Act permits a Portfolio to borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the Portfolio’s total assets from banks for any purpose, and to borrow up to 5% of the Portfolio’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes. To limit the risks attendant to borrowing, the 1940 Act requires the Portfolio to maintain at all times an “asset coverage” of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings. Asset coverage means the ratio that the value of the Portfolio’s total assets, minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. Certain trading practices and investments, such as reverse repurchase agreements, may be considered to be borrowings and thus subject to the 1940 Act restrictions. The policy in (1) above shall be interpreted to permit a Portfolio to engage in trading practices and investments that may be considered to be borrowing to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Short-term credits necessary for the settlement of securities transactions and arrangements with respect to securities lending will not be considered to be borrowings under the policy. Practices and investments that may involve leverage but are not considered to be borrowings are not subject to the policy.

 

B-59


With respect to the fundamental policy relating to underwriting set forth in (2) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a Portfolio from engaging in the underwriting business or from underwriting the securities of other issuers; in fact, the 1940 Act permits a Portfolio to have underwriting commitments of up to 25% of its assets under certain circumstances. Those circumstances currently are that the amount of the Portfolio’s underwriting commitments, when added to the value of the Portfolio’s investments in issuers where the Portfolio owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of those issuers, cannot exceed the 25% cap. A Portfolio engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act. Under the 1933 Act, an underwriter may be liable for material omissions or misstatements in an issuer’s registration statement or prospectus. Securities purchased from an issuer and not registered for sale under the 1933 Act are considered restricted securities. There may be a limited market for these securities. If these securities are registered under the 1933 Act, they may then be eligible for sale but participating in the sale may subject the seller to underwriter liability. These risks could apply to a Portfolio investing in restricted securities. Although it is not believed that the application of the 1933 Act provisions described above would cause a Portfolio to be engaged in the business of underwriting, the policy in (2) above will be interpreted not to prevent the Portfolio from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities, regardless of whether the Portfolio may be considered to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to lending set forth in (3) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a Portfolio from making loans; however, SEC staff interpretations currently prohibit funds from lending more than one-third of their total assets, except through the purchase of debt obligations or the use of repurchase agreements. (A repurchase agreement is an agreement to purchase a security, coupled with an agreement to sell that security back to the original seller on an agreed-upon date at a price that reflects current interest rates. The SEC frequently treats repurchase agreements as loans). While lending securities may be a source of income to a Portfolio, as with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the underlying securities should the borrower fail financially. However, loans would be made only when the Manager or a Subadviser believes the income justifies the attendant risks. A Portfolio also will be permitted by this policy to make loans of money, including to other Portfolios. A Portfolio would have to obtain exemptive relief from the SEC to make loans to other Portfolios. The policy in (3) above will be interpreted not to prevent a Portfolio from purchasing or investing in debt obligations and loans. In addition, collateral arrangements with respect to options, forward currency and futures transactions and other derivative instruments, as well as delays in the settlement of securities transactions, will not be considered loans.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth in (4) above, “senior securities” are defined as Portfolio obligations that have a priority over a Portfolio’s shares with respect to the payment of dividends or the distribution of Portfolio assets. The 1940 Act prohibits a fund from issuing senior securities except that the fund may borrow money in amounts of up to one-third of the fund’s total assets from banks for any purpose. A fund also may borrow up to 5% of the fund’s total assets from banks or other lenders for temporary purposes, and these borrowings are not considered senior securities. The issuance of senior securities by a Portfolio can increase the speculative character of the Portfolio’s outstanding shares through leveraging. Leveraging of a Portfolio’s portfolio through the issuance of senior securities magnifies the potential for gain or loss on monies, because even though the Portfolio’s net assets remain the same, the total risk to investors is increased to the extent of the Portfolio’s gross assets. The policy in (4) above will be interpreted not to prevent collateral arrangements with respect to swaps, options, forward or futures contracts or other derivatives, or the posting of initial or variation margin.

 

B-60


With respect to the fundamental policy relating to real estate set forth in (5) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a Portfolio from owning real estate; however, a Portfolio is limited in the amount of illiquid assets it may purchase. Investing in real estate may involve risks, including that real estate is generally considered illiquid and may be difficult to value and sell. Owners of real estate may be subject to various liabilities, including environmental liabilities. To the extent that investments in real estate are considered illiquid, the current SEC staff position generally limits a fund’s purchases of illiquid securities to 15% of net assets. The policy in (5) above will be interpreted not to prevent a Portfolio from investing in real estate-related companies, companies whose businesses consist in whole or in part of investing in real estate, instruments (like mortgages) that are secured by real estate or interests therein, or real estate investment trust securities.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to commodities set forth in (6) above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a Portfolio from owning commodities, whether physical commodities and contracts related to physical commodities (such as oil or grains and related futures contracts), or financial commodities and contracts related to financial commodities (such as currencies and, possibly, currency futures). However, a Portfolio is limited in the amount of illiquid assets it may purchase. To the extent that investments in commodities are considered illiquid, the current SEC staff position generally limits a Portfolio’s purchases of illiquid securities to 15% of net assets. If a Portfolio were to invest in a physical commodity or a physical commodity-related instrument, the Portfolio would be subject to the additional risks of the particular physical commodity and its related market. The value of commodities and commodity-related instruments may be extremely volatile and may be affected either directly or indirectly by a variety of factors. There also may be storage charges and risks of loss associated with physical commodities. The policy in (6) above will be interpreted to permit investments in exchange traded funds that invest in physical and/or financial commodities.

With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth in (7) above, the 1940 Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a Portfolio’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. A Portfolio that invests a significant percentage of its total assets in a single industry may be particularly susceptible to adverse events affecting that industry and may be riskier than a Portfolio that does not concentrate in an industry. The policy in (7) above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities in the U.S. government and its agencies or instrumentalities; securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; securities of foreign governments; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry. There also will be no limit on investment in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction or country. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to a Portfolio as to how to classify issuers within or among industries.

The Portfolios’ fundamental policies are written and will be interpreted broadly. For example, the policies will be interpreted to refer to the 1940 Act and the related rules as they are in effect from time to time, and to interpretations and modifications of or relating to the 1940 Act by the SEC and others as they are given from time to time. When a policy provides that an investment practice may be conducted as permitted by the 1940 Act, the policy will be interpreted to mean either that the 1940 Act expressly permits the practice or that the 1940 Act does not prohibit the practice.

 

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Diversification

Each of Series M Portfolio and Series MEC Portfolio currently is classified as a diversified fund under the 1940 Act. This means that each such Portfolio may not purchase securities of an issuer (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) if, with respect to 75% of its total assets, (a) more than 5% of the Portfolio’s total assets would be invested in securities of that issuer, or (b) the Portfolio would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer. With respect to the remaining 25% of its total assets, the Portfolio can invest more than 5% of its assets in one issuer. Under the 1940 Act, a Portfolio cannot change its classification from diversified to non-diversified without shareholder approval.

Each of Series C Portfolio and Series EC Portfolio currently is classified as a non-diversified fund under the 1940 Act. A non-diversified fund can invest a greater portion of its assets in a single issuer or a limited number of issuers than may a diversified fund. In this regard, a non-diversified fund is subject to greater risk than a diversified fund. Under the 1940 Act, a Portfolio may change its classification from non-diversified to diversified without shareholder approval.

Portfolio Turnover

For reporting purposes, a Portfolio’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by the monthly average of the value of the portfolio securities owned by the Portfolio during the fiscal year. In determining portfolio turnover, all securities whose maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less are excluded. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur, for example, if all of the securities in the Portfolio’s investment portfolio (other than short-term money market securities) were replaced once during the fiscal year. Portfolio turnover will not be a limiting factor should a Subadviser deem it advisable to purchase or sell securities.

Increased portfolio turnover necessarily results in correspondingly greater transaction costs which must be paid by the Portfolio. To the extent portfolio trading results in realization of net short-term capital gains, shareholders will be taxed on such gains at ordinary tax rates. For the period ended October 31, 2007, the Portfolios had portfolio turnover rates as follows: Series M Portfolio: 553%; Series C Portfolio: 27%; Series EC Portfolio: 35%.

Series MEC Portfolio commenced operations after the end of its most recent fiscal year, so no portfolio turnover information is presented.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

For funds in the Legg Mason Partners family of funds, each fund’s board of trustees has adopted policies and procedures developed by LMPFA with respect to the disclosure of the fund’s portfolio securities and any ongoing arrangements to make available information about each fund’s portfolio securities. The policy requires that consideration always be given as to whether disclosure of information about any fund’s portfolio holdings is in the best interests of such fund’s shareholders, and that any conflicts of interest between the interests of the fund’s shareholders and those of LMPFA, the fund’s distributor or their affiliates, be addressed in a manner that places the interests of fund shareholders first. The policy provides that information regarding a fund’s portfolio holdings may not be shared with non-Legg Mason employees, with investors or potential investors (whether individual or institutional), or with third parties unless it is done for legitimate fund business purposes and in accordance with the policy.

LMPFA’s policy generally provides for the release of details of securities positions once they are considered “stale.” Data is considered stale 25 calendar days following quarter-end for funds other than money market funds, and 25 calendar days following month-end with respect to money market funds. LMPFA believes that this passage of time prevents a third party from benefiting from an investment decision made by a fund that has not been fully reflected by the market.

Under the policy, a fund’s complete list of holdings (including the size of each position) may be made available to investors, potential investors, third parties and non-Legg Mason employees with simultaneous public disclosure at least 25 days after calendar quarter end except in the case of a money market fund’s holdings, which may be released with simultaneous public disclosure at least 25 days after month end. Typically, simultaneous public disclosure is achieved by the filing of Form N-Q or Form N-CSR in accordance with SEC rules, provided that such filings may not be made until 25 days following quarter-end and/or posting the information to LMPFA or the fund’s Internet site that is accessible by the public, or through public release by a third party vendor.

The policy permits the release of limited portfolio holdings information that is not yet considered stale in a number of situations, including:

1. A fund’s top ten securities, current as of month-end, and the individual size of each such security position may be released at any time following month-end with simultaneous public disclosure.

2. A fund’s top ten securities positions (including the aggregate but not individual size of such positions) may be released at any time with simultaneous public disclosure.

3. A list of securities (that may include fund holdings together with other securities) followed by a portfolio manager (without position sizes or identification of particular funds) may be disclosed to sell-side brokers at any time for the purpose of obtaining research and/or market information from such brokers.

4. A trade in process may be discussed only with counterparties, potential counterparties and others involved in the transaction (i.e., brokers and custodians).

5. A fund’s sector weightings, yield and duration (for fixed income funds), performance attribution (e.g., analysis of the fund’s out-performance or underperformance of its benchmark based on its portfolio holdings) and other summary and statistical information that does not include identification of specific portfolio holdings may be released, even if non-public, if such release is otherwise in accordance with the policy’s general principles.

6. A fund’s portfolio holdings may be released on an as-needed basis to its legal counsel, counsel to its Independent Trustees and its independent public accounting firm, in required regulatory filings or otherwise to governmental agencies and authorities.

Under the policy, if information about a fund’s portfolio holdings is released pursuant to an ongoing arrangement with any party, a fund must have a legitimate business purpose for the release of the information, and either the entity receiving the information must be under a duty of confidentiality, or the release of non-public information must be subject to trading restrictions and confidential treatment to prohibit the entity from sharing with an unauthorized source or trading upon any non-public information provided. Neither a fund nor Legg Mason nor any other affiliated person may receive compensation or any other consideration in connection with such arrangements. Ongoing arrangements to make available information about a fund’s portfolio securities will be reviewed at least annually by the fund’s board of trustees.

The approval of a fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, or designee, must be obtained before entering into any new ongoing arrangement or altering any existing ongoing arrangement to make available portfolio holdings information, or with respect to any exceptions to the policy. Any exceptions to the policy must be consistent with the purposes of the policy. Exceptions are considered on a case-by-case basis and are granted only after a thorough examination and consultation with LMPFA’s legal department, as necessary. Exceptions to the policies are reported annually to the fund’s board of trustees.

Currently, the Portfolios typically disclose their complete portfolio holdings approximately 25 days after calendar quarter-end on Legg Mason’s website, http://www.leggmason.com/individualinvestors.

Set forth below is a list, as of August 31, 2007, of those parties with whom LMPFA, on behalf of the Portfolios, has authorized ongoing arrangements that include the release of portfolio holdings information, the frequency of the release under such arrangements, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. The parties identified below as recipients are service providers, fund rating agencies, consultants and analysts.

 

Recipient

 

Frequency

 

Delay Before Dissemination

State Street Bank & Trust Co. (Fund Custodian and Accounting Agent)

  Daily   None

Institutional Shareholder Services (Proxy voting services)

  As necessary   None

Bloomberg

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

Lipper

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

S&P

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

Morningstar

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

Vestek

  Daily   None

Factset

  Daily   None

The Bank of New York

  Daily   None

Thomson

  Semi-annually   None

Dataware

  Daily   None

ITG

  Daily   None

Portfolio holdings information for a Portfolio may also be released from time to time pursuant to ongoing arrangements with the following parties:

 

Recipient

 

Frequency

 

Delay Before Dissemination

Baseline

  Daily   None

Frank Russell

  Monthly   1 Day

Callan

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

Mercer

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

eVestment Alliance

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

CRA RogersCasey

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

Cambridge Associates

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

Macro Consulting

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

Wilshire

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

Informa Investment Services (Efron)

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

CheckFree (Mobius)

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

Nelsons Information

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

Investor Tools

  Daily   None

Advent

  Daily   None

BARRA

  Daily   None

Plexus

  Quarterly (Calendar)   Sent 1-3 business days following the end of a Quarter

Elkins/McSherry

  Quarterly (Calendar)   Sent 1-3 business days following the end of a Quarter

Quantitative Services Group

  Daily   None

AMBAC

  Daily   None

Deutsche Bank

  Monthly   6-8 business days

Fitch

  Monthly   6-8 business days

Liberty Hampshire

  Weekly and Month End   None

Sun Trust

  Weekly and Month End   None

New England Pension Consultants

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

Evaluation Associates

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

Watson Wyatt

  Quarterly   25 Days after Quarter End

S&P (Rating Agency)

  Weekly Tuesday Night*   1 business day*

Moody’s (Rating Agency)

  Monthly*   6-8 business days*

Electra Information Systems

  Daily   None

SunGard

  Daily   None

 

* For a money market fund the frequency of the release of information to this recipient may be weekly and there may be no delay in the release of information.

 

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Item 12. Management of the Portfolios.

Trustees and Officers

The business affairs of the Portfolios are managed by the Trust’s Board. The Board elects officers who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of each Portfolio and who execute policies authorized by the Board.

The current Trustees, including the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of each Portfolio (“Independent Trustees”) as defined in the 1940 Act, and executive officers of each Portfolio, their birth years, their principal occupations during at least the past five years (their titles may have varied during that period), the number of funds associated with Legg Mason the Trustees oversee, and other board memberships they hold are set forth below. The address of each Trustee is c/o R. Jay Gerken, 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018.

The following information relates to the Trust’s recently elected Board.

 

Name and

Year of Birth

 

Position(s)

with Fund

 

Term of

Office* and

Length of

Time

Served**

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years

 

Number of

Portfolios

in Fund

Complex

to be

Overseen

by Trustee

 

Other Board
Memberships Held

by Trustee During

Past Five Years

Independent

Trustees:

         

Elliott J. Berv

Born 1943

  Trustee   Since 1989   President and Chief Executive Officer, Catalyst (consulting) (since 1984); Chief Executive Officer, Rocket City Enterprises (media) (2000 to 2005)   68   Board Member, American Identity Corp. (doing business as Morpheus Technologies) (biometric information management) (since 2001); Director, Lapoint Industries (industrial filter company) (since 2002); Director, Alzheimer’s Association (New England Chapter) (since 1998)

 

B-63


Name and

Year of Birth

 

Position(s)

with Fund

 

Term of

Office* and

Length of

Time

Served**

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years

 

Number of

Portfolios

in Fund

Complex

to be

Overseen

by Trustee

 

Other Board
Memberships Held

by Trustee During

Past Five Years

A.Benton

Cocanougher

Born 1938

  Trustee   Since 1991   Dean Emeritus and Professor, Texas A&M University (since 2001); former Interim Chancellor, Texas A&M University System (from 2003 to 2004); formerly Special Adviser to the President, Texas A&M University (from 2002 to 2003); formerly Dean and Professor of Marketing, College and Graduate School of Business, Texas A&M University (1987 to 2001)   68   None

Jane F. Dasher

Born 1949

  Trustee   Since 1999   Chief Financial Officer, Korsant Partners, LLC (a family investment company)   68   None

Mark T. Finn

Born 1943

  Trustee   Since 1989   Adjunct Professor, College of William & Mary (since 2002); Principal/Member, Balvan Partners (investment management) (since 2002); Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Owner, Vantage Consulting Group, Inc. (investment management) (since 1988); formerly, Vice Chairman and Chief Operating Officer, Lindner Asset Management Company (mutual fund company) (1999 to 2001); formerly, General Partner and Shareholder, Greenwich Ventures LLC (investment partnership) (1996 to 2001)   68   None

 

B-64


Name and

Year of Birth

 

Position(s)

with Fund

 

Term of

Office* and

Length of

Time

Served**

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years

 

Number of

Portfolios

in Fund

Complex

to be

Overseen

by Trustee

 

Other Board
Memberships Held

by Trustee During

Past Five Years

Rainer Greeven

Born 1936

  Trustee   Since 1994   Attorney, Rainer Greeven PC; President and Director, 62nd Street East Corporation (real estate) (since 2002)   68   None

Stephen

Randolph Gross

Born 1947

  Trustee   Since 1986   Chairman, HLB Gross Collins, P.C. (accounting and consulting firm) (since 1979); Treasurer, Coventry Limited, Inc. (Senior Living Facilities) (since 1985); formerly, Managing Director, Fountainhead Ventures, L.L.C. (technology accelerator) (1998 to 2003); formerly, Treasurer, Hank Aaron Enterprises (fast food franchise) (1985 to 2001); formerly, Partner, Capital Investment Advisory Partners (leverage buyout consulting) (2000 to 2002); formerly, Secretary, Carint N.A. (manufacturing) (1998 to 2002)   68   Director, Andersen Calhoun (assisted living) (since 1987); formerly, Director, United Telesis, Inc. (telecommunications) (1997 to 2002); formerly, Director, ebank Financial Services, Inc. (1997 to 2004)

Richard E. Hansen, Jr.

Born 1941

  Trustee   Since 1985   Retired; formerly headmaster, The New Atlanta Jewish Community High School, Atlanta, Georgia (1996 to 2000)   68   None

Diana R. Harrington

Born 1940

  Trustee   Since 1992   Professor, Babson College (since 1992)   68   None

Susan A. Heilbron

Born 1945

  Trustee   Since 1994   Independent Consultant (since 2001); formerly, Owner, Lacey & Heilbron (communications consulting) (1993 to 2001)   68   None

Susan B. Kerley

Born 1951

  Trustee   Since 1992   Investment Consulting Partner, Strategic Management Advisers, LLC (investment consulting) (since 1990)   68   Chairman and Independent Board Member of Eclipse Fund, Inc. and Eclipse Funds (which trade as Mainstay Funds) (currently supervises 16 investment companies in the fund complex) (since 1991).

 

B-65


Name and

Year of Birth

 

Position(s)

with Fund

 

Term of

Office* and

Length of

Time

Served**

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years

 

Number of

Portfolios

in Fund

Complex

to be

Overseen

by Trustee

 

Other Board
Memberships Held

by Trustee During

Past Five Years

Alan G. Merten

Born 1941

  Trustee   Since 1990   President, George Mason University (since 1996)   68  

Director, Cardinal

Financial Corporation

(since November 2006);

Trustee, First Potomac Realty Trust (since 2005); Director, Xybernaut Corporation (information technology) (2004 to 2006); Director, Digital Net Holdings, Inc. (2003 to 2004); Director, Comshare, Inc. (information technology) (1985 to 2003); Director, BTG, Inc. (information systems) (1997 to 2001)

R. Richardson Pettit

Born 1942

  Trustee   Since 1990   Formerly, Duncan Professor of Finance, University of Houston (1977 to 2006)   68   None

 

* Each Trustee serves until his or her respective successor has been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal.
** Indicates the earliest year in which the Trustee became a Board member for a fund in the Legg Mason Partners fund complex.

 

B-66


Name and

Year of Birth

 

Position(s)

with Fund

 

Term of

Office* and

Length of

Time

Served**

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years

 

Number of

Portfolios

in Fund

Complex

to be

Overseen

by Trustee

 

Other Board
Memberships Held

by Trustee During

Past Five Years

Interested

Trustee:

         

R. Jay Gerken, CFA±

Born 1951

  Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer   Since 2002   Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co., LLC (“Legg Mason & Co.”); Chairman of the Board and Trustee/ Director of 150 funds associated with LMPFA and its affiliates; President, LMPFA (since 2006); Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates; Chairman of Smith Barney Fund Management LLC (“SBFM”) and CitiFund Management, Inc. (“CFM”) (2002 to 2005); formerly, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Travelers Investment Adviser Inc. (2002 to 2005)   137   Former trustee, Consulting Group Capital Markets (2002 to 2006)

Officers± :

         

Ted P. Becker

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, NY

10018

Born 1951

  Chief Compliance Officer   Since 2006   Director of Global Compliance of Legg Mason (since 2006); Managing Director of Compliance at Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Chief Compliance Officer with certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2006); Chief Compliance Officer of LMPFA and certain affiliates; Managing Director of Compliance at Citigroup Asset Management (“CAM,” a group of affiliated investment advisers, which included SBFM, Smith Barney Asset Management and CFM and other affiliated investment advisory entities) (2002 to 2005)   N/A   N/A

David Castano

125 Broad Street

New York, NY 10004

Born 1971

  Controller   Since 2007   Controller of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason (since 2007). Previously, Assistant Treasurer of Lord Abbett mutual funds (2004 to 2006); Supervisor at UBS Global Asset Management (2003 to 2004); prior to 2003, Accounting Manager at CAM    

 

±

Mr. Gerken and each officer is an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, because of their respective positions with the Manager and/or certain of its affiliates.

 

B-67


Name and

Year of Birth

 

Position(s)

with Fund

 

Term of

Office* and

Length of

Time

Served**

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years

 

Number of

Portfolios

in Fund

Complex

to be

Overseen

by Trustee

 

Other Board
Memberships Held

by Trustee During

Past Five Years

John Chiota

300 First

Stamford Place

Stamford, CT

06902

Born 1968

  Chief Anti- Money Laundering Compliance Officer   Since 2006   Vice President of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Vice President at CAM (since 2004); Chief Anti- Money Laundering Compliance Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2006). Prior to August 2004, Chief Anti- Money Laundering Compliance Officer of TD Waterhouse   N/A   N/A

Robert I. Frenkel

300 First

Stamford Place

Stamford, CT

06902

Born 1954

  Secretary and Chief Legal Officer   Since 2003   Managing Director and General Counsel of Global Mutual Funds for Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Managing Director and General Counsel of Global Mutual Funds for CAM (since 2000); Secretary and Chief Legal Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2003). Previously, Secretary of CFM (2001 to 2004)   N/A   N/A

R. Jay Gerken, CFA

620 Eighth Avenue

New York, NY

10018

Born 1951

  Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer   Since 2002   Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co.; Chairman of the Board and Trustee/ Director of 150 funds associated with LMPFA and its affiliates; President, LMPFA (since 2006); Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates; Chairman of SBFM and CFM (2002 to 2005); formerly, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Travelers Investment Adviser Inc. (2002 to 2005)   137   Former trustee, Consulting Group Capital Markets (2002 to 2006)

 

B-68


Name and

Year of Birth

 

Position(s)

with Fund

 

Term of

Office* and

Length of

Time

Served**

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years

 

Number of

Portfolios

in Fund

Complex

to be

Overseen

by Trustee

 

Other Board
Memberships Held

by Trustee During

Past Five Years

Francis M. Guggino

125 Broad Street

New York, NY

10004

Born 1957

  Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer   Since 2004   Director of Legg Mason & Co. (1992 to 2005); Treasurer and/or Controller of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Treasurer and/or Controller of certain funds associated with CAM (1992 to 2005)   N/A   N/A

 

B-69


Name and

Year of Birth

 

Position(s)

with Fund

 

Term of

Office* and

Length of

Time

Served**

 

Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years

 

Number of

Portfolios

in Fund

Complex

to be

Overseen

by Trustee

 

Other Board
Memberships Held

by Trustee During

Past Five Years

Thomas C. Mandia

300 First

Stamford Place

Stamford, CT

06902

Born 1962

  Assistant Secretary   Since 2000   Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel of Legg Mason & Co. (since 2005); Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel for CAM (since 1992); Assistant Secretary of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason & Co.   N/A   N/A

Matthew Plastina

125 Broad Street

New York, NY 10004

Born 1970

  Controller   Since 2007   Assistant Vice President of Legg Mason or its predecessor (since 1999); Controller of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason (since 2007); previously, Assistant Controller of certain mutual funds associated with Legg Mason (2002 to 2007)    

 

* Each officer serves until his or her respective successor has been duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, resignation, retirement or removal.
** Indicates the earliest year in which the officer took office for any funds in the Legg Mason Partners fund complex.

 

B-70


Officers of the Portfolios receive no compensation from the Portfolios, although they may be reimbursed by the Portfolios for reasonable out-of-pocket travel expenses for attending Board meetings.

The Board has four standing Committees: the Audit Committee, Nominating and Governance Committee (referred to as the Nominating Committee), Investment and Performance Committee (referred to as the Performance Committee) and Pricing Committee. Each of the Audit, Nominating and Performance Committees is composed of all of the Independent Trustees. The Pricing Committee is composed of the Chairman of the Board and one Independent Trustee.

The Audit Committee oversees, among other things, the scope of each Portfolio’s audit, each Portfolio’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and its internal controls. The primary purposes of the Board’s Audit Committee are to assist the Board in fulfilling its responsibility for oversight of the integrity of the accounting, auditing and financial reporting practices of the Portfolios, and the qualifications and independence of each Portfolio’s independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee approves, and recommends to the Independent Trustees for their ratification, the selection, appointment, retention or termination of the Portfolios’ independent registered public accounting firm and approves the compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee also approves all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to the Portfolios by the independent registered public accounting firm and all permissible non-audit services provided by the Portfolios’ independent registered public accounting firm to its Manager and any affiliated service providers if the engagement relates directly to the Portfolios’ operations and financial reporting.

The Nominating Committee is responsible for, among other things, recommending candidates to fill vacancies on the Board. The Nominating Committee may consider nominees recommended by an investor. Investors who wish to recommend a nominee should send recommendations to the Portfolios’ Secretary that include all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for the election of Trustees. A recommendation must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated by the Board and to serve if elected by the investors.

The Nominating Committee identifies potential nominees through its network of contacts and may also engage, if it deems appropriate, a professional search firm. The committee meets to discuss and consider such candidates’ qualifications and then chooses a candidate by majority vote. The committee does not have specific, minimum qualifications for nominees, nor has it established specific qualities or skills that it regards as necessary for one or more of the Trustees to possess (other than any qualities or skills that may be required by applicable law, regulation or listing standard). However, in evaluating a person as a potential nominee to serve as a Trustee, the Nominating Committee may consider the following factors, among any others it may deem relevant:

 

   

whether or not the person is an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, and whether the person is otherwise qualified under applicable laws and regulations to serve as a Trustee;

 

   

whether or not the person has any relationships that might impair his or her independence, such as any business, financial or family relationships with Portfolio management, the investment adviser, service providers or their affiliates;

 

   

whether or not the person serves on boards of, or is otherwise affiliated with, competing financial service organizations or their related mutual fund complexes;

 

B-71


   

whether or not the person is willing to serve, and willing and able to commit the time necessary for the performance of the duties of a Trustee;

 

   

the contribution which the person can make to the Board (or, if the person has previously served as a Trustee, the contribution which the person made to the Board during his or her previous term of service), with consideration being given to the person’s business and professional experience, education and such other factors as the committee may consider relevant;

 

   

the character and integrity of the person; and

 

   

whether or not the selection and nomination of the person would be consistent with the requirements of the retirement policies of the Portfolios, as applicable.

The Performance Committee is charged with, among other things, reviewing investment performance. The Performance Committee also assists the Board in fulfilling its responsibility for the review and negotiation of the Portfolios’ investment management and subadvisory arrangements.

The Pricing Committee is charged with determining the fair value prices for securities when required.

The Portfolios’ Board is recently elected and oversees certain of the fixed income-type funds in the fund complex. All members of the Board previously have served on Boards of Legg Mason Partners funds. The Audit, Nominating, Performance and Pricing Committees are recently established committees of this Board and met two, two, two and six times, respectively, during the Portfolios’ last fiscal year. The Board met four times during the Portfolios’ last fiscal year.

The following table shows the amount of equity securities owned by the Trustees in the Portfolios and other investment companies in the fund complex supervised by the Trustees as of December 31, 2006.

 

Name of Trustee

 

Dollar Range

of Equity

Securities in

SMASh Series

M Portfolio

  Dollar Range
of Equity
Securities in
SMASh Series
C Portfolio
  Dollar Range
of Equity
Securities in
SMASh Series
EC Portfolio
  Dollar Range
of Equity
Securities in
SMASh Series
MEC Portfolio
  Aggregate Dollar
Range
of Equity
Securities In
Registered
Investment
Companies
Overseen
by Trustee

Independent Trustees

         

Elliott J. Berv

  None   None   None   None   None

A. Benton Cocanougher

  None   None   None   None   Over $ 100,000

Jane F. Dasher

  None   None   None   None   Over $ 100,000

Mark T. Finn

  None   None   None   None   Over $ 100,000

Rainer Greeven

  None   None   None   None   $ 10,001-$ 50,000

Stephen Randolph Gross

  None   None   None   None   None

Richard E. Hanson, Jr.

  None   None   None   None   Over $ 100,000

Diana R. Harrington

  None   None   None   None   $ 10,001-$ 50,000

Susan M. Heilbron

  None   None   None   None   $ 10,001-$ 50,000

Susan B. Kerley

  None   None   None   None   Over $ 100,000

Alan G. Merten

  None   None   None   None   Over $ 100,000

R. Richardson Pettit

  None   None   None   None   Over $ 100,000

Interested Trustee

         

R. Jay Gerken

  None   None   None   None   Over $ 100,000

 

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As of January 15, 2008, none of the Independent Trustees or their immediate family members owned beneficially or of record any securities of the Manager, a Subadviser or Placement Agent of the Portfolios, or in a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Manager, a Subadviser or Placement Agent of the Portfolios.

Information regarding compensation paid to the Board for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2007 is set forth below. The Independent Trustees receive a fee for each meeting of the Board and committee meetings attended and are reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings. Mr. Gerken, an “interested person,” as defined in the 1940 Act, does not receive compensation from the Portfolios for his service as Trustee, but may be reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings.

Each Portfolio pays a pro rata share of Trustee fees based upon asset size. Each Portfolio currently pays each of the Trustees who is not a director, officer or employee of the Manager or any of its affiliates its pro rata share of: an annual fee of $160,000 plus $20,000 for each regularly scheduled Board meeting attended in person, $2,500 for each Committee meeting attended in person, and $2,500 for certain telephonic Board and Committee meetings in which that Trustee participates. The lead Independent Trustee will receive an additional $25,000 per year and the Chairs of the Audit Committee and Performance Committee will each receive an additional $15,000 per year.

 

Name of Trustee

   Aggregate
Compensation
from SMASh
Series M
Portfolio
   Aggregate
Compensation
from SMASh
Series C
Portfolio
   Aggregate
Compensation
from SMASh
Series EC
Portfolio
   Aggregate
Compensation
from SMASh
Series MEC
Portfolio

Independent Trustees

           

Elliott J. Berv

   $ 12.63    $ 2.80    $ 3.91    $ 0

A. Benton Cocanougher

   $ 14.22    $ 2.25    $ 4.41    $ 0

Jane F. Dasher

   $ 12.88    $ 2.86    $ 3.99    $ 0

Mark T. Finn

   $ 12.63    $ 2.00    $ 3.91    $ 0

Rainer Greeven

   $ 12.38    $ 1.97    $ 3.83    $ 0

Stephen Randolph Gross

   $ 13.33    $ 2.11    $ 4.13    $ 0

Richard E. Hanson, Jr.

   $ 12.63    $ 2.00    $ 3.91    $ 0

Diana R. Harrington

   $ 13.11    $ 2.07    $ 4.06    $ 0

Susan M. Heilbron

   $ 12.63    $ 2.00    $ 3.91    $ 0

Susan B. Kerley

   $ 12.63    $ 2.00    $ 3.91    $ 0

Alan G. Merten

   $ 12.63    $ 2.80    $ 3.91    $ 0

R. Richardson Pettit

   $ 11.90    $ 2.66    $ 3.67    $ 0

Interested Trustee

           

R. Jay Gerken

   $ 0    $ 0    $ 0    $ 0

 

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Name of Trustee

   Total Pension or
Retirement
Benefits Paid

as Part of Portfolio
Expenses
    Total Compensation
from Portfolios and
Fund Complex Paid

to Trustee (2)(3)
   Number of
Portfolios in
Fund
Complex to be
Overseen by
Trustee

Interested Trustee

       

R. Jay Gerken

   $ 0     $ 0    137

Independent Trustees

       

Elliott J. Berv

     (1 )   $ 180,000    68

A. Benton Cocanougher

     (1 )   $ 204,750    68

Jane F. Dasher

   $ 0     $ 174,025    68

Mark T. Finn

     (1 )   $ 180,000    68

Rainer Greeven

   $ 0     $ 163,100    68

Stephen Randolph Gross

     (1 )   $ 192,125    68

Richard E. Hanson, Jr.

   $ 0     $ 163,775    68

Diana R. Harrington

     (1 )   $ 191,125    68

Susan M. Heilbron

   $ 0     $ 164,000    68

Susan B. Kerley

     (1 )   $ 180,000    68

Alan G. Merten

     (1 )   $ 180,000    68

R. Richardson Pettit

     (1 )   $ 177,000    68

 

(1)

Pursuant to prior retirement plans, certain Trustees received benefits as follows: Mr. Berv: $307,130; Mr. Cocanougher: $503,114; Mr. Finn: $306,079; Mr. Gross: $318,788; Ms. Harrington: $348,670; Ms. Kerley: $217,984; Mr. Merten: $405,257; and Mr. Pettit: $424,976. Each fund formerly overseen by these Trustees (other than the SMASh Series Portfolios and the SMASh Series Funds) paid its pro rata share (based upon asset size) of these benefits. Legg Mason or its affiliates agreed to reimburse these funds an amount equal to 50% of these benefits.

(2)

Mr. Greeven and Mr. Gross also received $5,000 and $12,000, respectively, during 2006 for attending on behalf of their respective former Boards an additional meeting relating to the selection of service providers for the funds in the Legg Mason Partners fund complex. These amounts were paid by the Manager or its affiliates, and not by the Portfolios.

(3)

Compensation amounts shown do not include benefits paid pursuant to prior retirement plans, as described above.

As of January 15, 2008 the Trustees and officers as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each Portfolio.

 

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Code of Ethics

Pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, the Trust, the Manager, the Subadvisers and the distributor have adopted Codes of Ethics that permit their respective personnel to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by a Portfolio. All personnel must place the interests of clients first and avoid activities, interests and relationships that might interfere with the duty to make decisions in the best interests of the clients. All personal securities transactions by employees must adhere to the requirements of the Code of Ethics and must be conducted in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest, the appearance of such a conflict, or the abuse of an employee’s position of trust and responsibility.

Copies of the code of Ethics of the Trust, the Manager, each Subadviser, and the distributor are on file with the SEC.

Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures

Although individual Trustees may not agree with particular policies or votes by the Manager or Subadvisers, the Board has delegated proxy voting discretion to the Manager and/or the Subadviser, believing that the Manager and/or the Subadviser should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.

LMPFA delegates the responsibility for voting proxies for the Portfolios to the Subadviser through its contract with the Subadviser. The Subadviser will use its own proxy voting policies and procedures to vote proxies. Accordingly, LMPFA does not expect to have proxy-voting responsibility for the Portfolios. Should LMPFA become responsible for voting proxies for any reason, such as the inability of the Subadviser to provide investment advisory services, LMPFA shall utilize the proxy voting guidelines established by the most recent Subadviser to vote proxies until a new Subadviser is retained. In the case of a material conflict between the interests of LMPFA (or its affiliates if such conflict is known to persons responsible for voting at LMPFA) and any Portfolio, the board of directors of LMPFA shall consider how to address the conflict and/or how to vote the proxies. LMPFA shall maintain records of all proxy votes in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations, to the extent that LMPFA votes proxies. LMPFA shall be responsible for gathering relevant documents and records related to proxy voting from the Subadviser and providing them to each Portfolio as required for the Portfolios to comply with applicable rules under the 1940 Act.

The Subadviser’s Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures govern in determining how proxies relating to the Portfolios’ portfolio securities are voted and are attached as Appendix A. Information regarding how the Portfolios voted proxies (if any) relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available (1) by calling 1-888-425-6432, (2) on the Portfolios’ website at http://www.leggmason.com/individualinvestors, and (3) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

Legal Matters

Beginning in June 2004, class action lawsuits alleging violations of the federal securities laws were filed against Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (“CGMI”), a former distributor of certain affiliated funds (the “Funds”), and a number of its then affiliates, including Smith Barney Fund Management LLC (“SBFM”) and Salomon Brothers Asset Management Inc (“SBAM”), which were then investment adviser or manager to certain of the Portfolios (the “Defendant Managers”), substantially all of the mutual funds then managed by the Defendant Managers (the “Defendant Funds”), and Board Members of the Defendant Funds (collectively, the “Defendants”). The complaints alleged, among other things, that CGMI created various undisclosed incentives for its brokers to sell Smith Barney and Salomon Brothers funds. In addition, according to the complaints, the Defendant Managers caused the Defendant Funds to pay excessive

 

B-75


brokerage commissions to CGMI for steering clients towards proprietary funds. The complaints also alleged that the defendants breached their fiduciary duty to the Defendant Funds by improperly charging Rule 12b-1 fees and by drawing on fund assets to make undisclosed payments of soft dollars and excessive brokerage commissions. The complaints also alleged that the Defendant Funds failed to adequately disclose certain of the allegedly wrongful conduct. The complaints sought injunctive relief and compensatory and punitive damages, rescission of the Defendant Funds’ contracts with the Defendant Managers, recovery of all fees paid to the Defendant Managers pursuant to such contracts and an award of attorneys’ fees and litigation expenses.

On December 15, 2004, a consolidated amended complaint (the “Complaint”) was filed alleging substantially similar causes of action. On May 27, 2005, all of the Defendants filed motions to dismiss the Complaint. On July 26, 2006, the court issued a decision and order (1) finding that plaintiffs lacked standing to sue on behalf of the shareholders of the Funds in which none of the plaintiffs had invested and dismissing those Funds from the case (although stating that they could be brought back into the case if standing as to them could be established), and (2) other than one stayed claim, dismissing all of the causes of action against the remaining Defendants, with prejudice, except for the cause of action under Section 36(b) of the Investment Company Act, which the court granted plaintiffs leave to replead as a derivative claim.

On October 16, 2006, plaintiffs filed their Second Consolidated Amended Complaint (“Second Amended Complaint”), which alleges derivative claims on behalf of nine funds identified in the Second Amended Complaint, under Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act, against Citigroup Asset Management, SBAM and SBFM as investment advisers to the identified funds, as well as CGMI as a distributor for the identified funds (collectively, the “Second Amended Complaint Defendants”). The Second Amended Complaint alleges no claims against any of the funds or any of their Board Members. Under Section 36(b), the Second Amended Complaint alleges similar facts and seeks similar relief against the Second Amended Complaint Defendants as the Complaint. On December 3, 2007, the Court granted the Defendant Funds’ motion to dismiss with prejudice. On January 2, 2008, the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.

Additional lawsuits arising out of these circumstances and presenting similar allegations and requests for relief may be filed against the Defendant Funds in the future.

***

Beginning in August 2005, five class action lawsuits alleging violations of federal securities laws and state law were filed against CGMI and SBFM (collectively, the “Defendants”) based on a May 31, 2005 settlement order issued against the Defendants by the SEC. The complaints seek injunctive relief and compensatory and punitive damages, removal of SBFM as the investment manager for the Smith Barney family of funds, rescission of the funds’ management and other contracts with SBFM, recovery of all fees paid to SBFM pursuant to such contracts, and an award of attorneys’ fees and litigation expenses.

On October 5, 2005, a motion to consolidate the five actions and any subsequently filed, related action was filed. That motion contemplates that a consolidated amended complaint alleging substantially similar causes of action will be filed in the future.

On September 26, 2007, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York issued an order dismissing the consolidated complaint. The plaintiffs have the right to appeal the order.

***

 

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On September 16, 2005, the staff of the SEC informed SBFM and ClearBridge Asset Management Inc (formerly Salomon Brothers Asset Management Inc) that the staff was considering recommending that the SEC institute administrative proceedings against SBFM and ClearBridge Asset Management Inc for alleged violations of Section 19(a) and 34(b) of the 1940 Act (and related Rule 19a-1). On September 27, 2007, SBFM and ClearBridge Asset Management, Inc, without admitting or denying any findings therein, consented to the entry of an order by the SEC relating to the disclosure by certain closed-end funds previously managed by SBFM or ClearBridge Asset Management, Inc of the sources of distributions paid by the funds between 2001 and 2004. Each of SBFM and ClearBridge Asset Management, Inc agreed to pay a fine of $450,000, for which it was indemnified by Citigroup, Inc., its former parent. It is not expected that this matter will adversely impact the Portfolios or the Manager.

***

On or about May 30, 2006, John Halebian, a purported shareholder of Citi New York Tax Free Reserves, a series of Legg Mason Partners Money Market Trust, formerly a series of CitiFunds Trust III (the “Subject Trust”), filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the independent trustees of the Subject Trust (Elliott J. Berv, Donald M. Carlton, A. Benton Cocanougher, Mark T. Finn, Stephen Randolph Gross, Diana R. Harrington, Susan B. Kerley, Alan G. Merten and R. Richardson Pettit).

The Subject Trust is also named in the complaint as a nominal defendant.

The complaint alleges both derivative claims on behalf of the Subject Trust and class claims on behalf of a putative class of shareholders of the Subject Trust in connection with the 2005 sale of Citigroup’s asset management business to Legg Mason and the related approval of new investment advisory agreements by the trustees and shareholders. In the derivative claim, the plaintiff alleges, among other things, that the independent trustees breached their fiduciary duty to the Subject Trust and its shareholders by failing to negotiate lower fees or seek competing bids from other qualified investment advisers in connection with Citigroup’s sale to Legg Mason. In the claims brought on behalf of the putative class of shareholders, the plaintiff alleges that the independent trustees violated the proxy solicitation requirements of the 1940 Act, and breached their fiduciary duty to shareholders, by virtue of the voting procedures, including “echo voting,” used to obtain approval of the new investment advisory agreements and statements made in a proxy statement regarding those voting procedures. The plaintiff alleges that the proxy statement was misleading because it failed to disclose that the voting procedures violated the 1940 Act. The relief sought includes an award of damages, rescission of the advisory agreement, and an award of costs and attorney fees.

In advance of filing the complaint, Mr. Halebian’s lawyers made written demand for relief on the Board of the Subject Trust, and the Board’s independent trustees formed a demand review committee to investigate the matters raised in the demand, and subsequently in the complaint, and recommend a course of action to the Board. The committee, after a thorough review, has determined that the independent trustees did not breach their fiduciary duties as alleged by Mr. Halebian, and that the action demanded by Mr. Halebian would not be in the best interests of the Subject Trust. The Board of the Subject Trust (the trustee who is an “interested person” of the Subject Trust, within the meaning of the 1940 Act, having recused himself from the matter), after receiving and considering the committee’s report and based upon the findings of the committee, subsequently also has so determined and, adopting the recommendation of the committee, has directed counsel to move to dismiss Mr. Halebian’s complaint. A motion to dismiss

 

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was filed on October 23, 2006. Opposition papers were filed on or about December 7, 2006. The complaint was dismissed on July 31, 2007. Mr. Halebian has filed an appeal in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. The appeal is pending.

***

The foregoing speaks only as of the date of this Registration Statement. Additional lawsuits presenting allegations and requests for relief arising out of or in connection with any of the foregoing matters may be filed against these and related parties in the future.

 

Item 13. Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities.

As of February 14, 2008, SMASh Series M Fund, SMASh Series C Fund and SMASh Series EC Fund held of record more than 99% of the outstanding beneficial interests of Series M Portfolio, Series C Portfolio and Series EC Portfolio, respectively, and Legg Mason held less than 1% of the interests of each such Portfolio. As of the same date, Legg Mason held of record approximately 99% of the outstanding beneficial interests of Series MEC Portfolio and SMASh Series MEC Fund held less than 1% of the interests of that Portfolio.

Each of SMASh Series M Fund, SMASh Series C Fund, SMASh Series EC Fund and SMASh Series MEC Fund is a registered investment company which has informed Series M Portfolio, Series C Portfolio, Series EC Portfolio and Series MEC Portfolio, respectively, that whenever requested to vote on matters pertaining to that Portfolio (other than a vote to continue the Portfolio following the withdrawal of an investor) it will either hold a meeting of shareholders and will cast its vote in accordance with shareholder instructions, or otherwise act in accordance with applicable law. If a Portfolio calls a meeting of its investors, to the extent that Portfolio does not receive instructions from its investors, the Portfolio will vote its shares in the Portfolio in the same proportion as the vote of shareholders who do give voting instructions. Alternatively, without seeking instructions from its shareholders, an investor in a Portfolio could vote its shares in the Portfolio in proportion to the vote of all the other investors in the Portfolio.

Legg Mason is a Maryland corporation, with offices at 100 Light Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.

 

Item 14. Investment Advisory and Other Services.

LMPFA serves as investment manager to the Portfolios, pursuant to investment management agreements (each a “Management Agreement”). LMPFA, with offices at 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, New York 10018, also serves as the investment manager of certain other Legg Mason-sponsored funds. LMPFA’s total assets under management, as of September 30, 2007, were approximately $190 billion. LMPFA is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason. Legg Mason, whose principal executive offices are at 100 Light Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, is a global asset management company. As of December 31, 2007, Legg Mason’s asset management operations had aggregate assets under management of approximately $998 billion. LMPFA provides administrative and certain oversight services to the Portfolios.

Under each Management Agreement, subject to the supervision and direction of the Board, the Manager is delegated the responsibility of managing a Portfolio’s portfolio in accordance with the Portfolio’s stated investment objectives and policies, making investment decisions for the Portfolio and placing orders to purchase and sell securities. The Manager also performs administrative and management services necessary for the operation of a Portfolio, such as (i) supervising the overall administration of the Portfolio, including negotiation of contracts and fees with, and the monitoring of performance and billings of, the Portfolio’s transfer agent, custodian and other independent contractors or agents, (ii) providing certain compliance, fund accounting, regulatory reporting and tax reporting services, (iii) preparing or participating in the preparation of board materials, registration statements, proxy statements and reports and other communications to shareholders, (iv) maintaining the Portfolio’s existence, and (v) maintaining the registration and qualification of the Portfolio’s interests under federal and state laws.

Each Management Agreement will continue in effect from year to year, provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board or by a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio (as defined in the 1940 Act), and, in either case, by a majority of the Trustees who are not Independent Trustees casting votes in person at a meeting call for such purpose.

 

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Each Management Agreement provides that the Manager may render services to others. Each Management Agreement is terminable without penalty on not more than 60 days’ nor less than 30 days’ written notice by a Portfolio when authorized either by a vote of holders of shares representing a majority of the voting power of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio or by a vote of a majority of the Portfolio’s Trustees, or by the Manager on not less than 90 days’ written notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Management Agreement with each Portfolio provides that neither the Manager nor its personnel shall be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the execution of security transactions for the Portfolio, except for willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence or reckless disregard of its or their obligations and duties.

There are no advisory or other fees payable to the Manager for its services under the Management Agreements with the Portfolios. Although none of the Portfolios compensates the Manager directly for its services under the Management Agreement, the Manager will benefit from its relationship with the sponsors of the separately managed account programs for which the Portfolio is an investment option. In certain cases, a participant in a separately managed account program will pay a fee for investment advice directly to an affiliate of the Manager as adviser or subadviser to the participant’s managed account. In these cases, the Manager and Subadvisers may be compensated directly or indirectly by the Manager’s affiliate.

Subadvisers

Western Asset, and with respect to the Series M Portfolio, Series C Portfolio and Series EC Portfolio, Western Asset Limited, provide the day-to-day portfolio management for each Portfolio pursuant to Sub-Advisory Agreements. Western Asset, established in 1971, has offices at 385 East Colorado Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91101. Western Asset Limited has offices at 10 Exchange Place, London, England. Western Asset and Western Asset Limited act as investment advisers to institutional accounts, such as corporate pension plans, mutual funds and endowment funds. As of September 30, 2007, Western Asset’s total assets under management were approximately $457 billion, and Western Asset Limited’s total assets under management were approximately $100 billion.

Under each Sub-Advisory Agreement, subject to the supervision and direction of the Board and the Manager, the Subadviser manages the Portfolio’s portfolio (or allocated portion thereof) in accordance with the Portfolio’s stated investment objective(s) and policies, assists in supervising all aspects of the Portfolio’s operations, makes investment decisions for the Portfolio, places orders to purchase and sell securities, and employs professional portfolio managers and securities analysts who provide research services to the Portfolio.

Each Sub-Advisory Agreement will continue in effect from year to year provided such continuance is specifically approved at least annually (a) by the Board or by a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio (as defined in the 1940 Act), and (b) in either event, by a majority of the Independent Trustees with such Independent Trustees casting votes in person at a meeting called for such purpose. The Board or a majority of the outstanding voting securities of a Portfolio (as defined in the 1940 Act) may terminate any Sub-Advisory Agreement without penalty, in each case, on 60 days’ written notice. A Subadviser may terminate its Sub-Advisory Agreement on 90 days’ written notice. Each Sub-Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act) by the Subadviser and shall not be assignable by the Manager without the consent of the Subadviser.

 

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There are no sub-advisory or other fees payable to the Subadvisers under the Sub-Advisory Agreements for the Portfolios. Although neither any Portfolio nor the Manager compensates any Subadviser directly for its services under the applicable Sub-Advisory Agreement, the Subadviser will benefit from its relationships with the sponsors of separately managed account programs for which the Portfolio is an investment option. In certain cases, a participant in a separately managed account program will pay a fee for investment advice directly to an affiliate of the Manager as adviser or subadviser to the participant’s managed account. In these cases, the Manager and Subadviser may be compensated directly or indirectly by the Manager’s affiliate.

Payments to Program Sponsors

Shares of the Portfolios are available only to separately managed account clients where an affiliate of LMPFA has an agreement with the program sponsor or directly with a client. Affiliates of the managed account adviser may make payments to or for the benefit of program sponsors for marketing, promotional and related expenses; for expenses incurred in connection with training or educational seminars with personnel; or for expenses in connection with client or prospective client meetings relating to program sponsor investment services. In addition, affiliates of the managed account adviser may provide program sponsor personnel and clients (existing and prospective) with related items and benefits. These expenses, items and benefits may include, without limitation: training meeting costs for program sponsor personnel, including travel, lodging and meals for attendees; payments of costs for client/prospect meetings at which the managed account adviser’s investment management services and/or other investment products and services are discussed, including meals for attendees, room rental costs and meeting-related presentation materials; occasional meals and leisure/entertainment outings; de minimus gifts; and nominal value promotional items.

The amount of such payments and the value of such items and benefits may or may not be substantial. These payments, items and benefits could give program sponsors and their personnel incentives to favor the managed account adviser’s products and services over those of investment management firms that do not provide the same payments, items and benefits. However, such payments, items and benefits are subject to an internal policy that addresses and, in some cases, limits such payments, items and benefits with the overall aim to avoid compromising advice or recommendations given to clients by special incentives or compensation arrangements.

Expenses

Each Portfolio is responsible for its own expenses, including, among other things interest; taxes; governmental fees; voluntary assessments and other expenses incurred in connection with membership in investment company organizations; organization costs of the Portfolio; the cost (including brokerage commissions, transaction fees or charges, if any) in connection with the purchase or sale of the Portfolio’s securities and other investments and any losses in connection therewith; fees and expenses of custodians, transfer agents, registrars, independent pricing vendors or other agents; legal expenses; loan commitment fees; expenses relating to the issuing and redemption or repurchase of the Portfolio’s beneficial interests; expenses of preparing registration statements and amendments thereto, reports, proxy statements, notices and dividends to the Portfolio’s investors; costs of stationery; website costs; costs of meetings of the Board or any committee thereof, meetings of investors and other meetings of the Portfolio; Board fees; audit fees; travel expenses of officers, members of the Board and employees of the Portfolio, if any; and the Portfolio’s pro rata portion of premiums on any fidelity bond and other insurance covering the Portfolio and its officers, Board members and employees; litigation expenses and any nonrecurring or extraordinary expenses as may arise, including, without limitation, those relating to actions, suits or proceedings to which the Portfolio is a party and the legal obligation which the Portfolio may have to indemnify the Portfolio’s Board members and officers with respect thereto.

 

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Management may agree to waive fees and/or reimburse operating expenses for one or more Portfolios, either through contractual or voluntary arrangements. Any such waivers and/or reimbursements are described in Part A to this Registration Statement. The contractual and voluntary fee waivers and/ or reimbursements do not cover extraordinary expenses, such as (a) any expenses or charges related to litigation, derivative actions, demand related to litigation, regulatory or other government investigations and proceedings, “for cause” regulatory inspections and indemnification or advancement of related expenses or costs, to the extent any such expenses are considered extraordinary expenses for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A, as the same may be amended from time to time; (b) transaction costs (such as brokerage commissions and dealer and underwriter spreads) and taxes; and (c) other extraordinary expenses as determined for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A, as the same may be amended from time to time. Without limiting the foregoing, extraordinary expenses are generally those that are unusual or expected to recur only infrequently, and may include such expenses, by way of illustration, as (i) expenses of the reorganization, restructuring, redomiciling or merger of the Portfolios or the acquisition of all or substantially all of the assets of another fund or class; (ii) expenses of holding, and soliciting proxies for, meetings of investors of the Portfolios (except to the extent relating to routine items such as the election of board members or the approval of the independent registered public accounting firm); and (iii) expenses of converting to a new custodian, transfer agent or other service provider, in each case to the extent any such expenses are considered extraordinary expenses for the purposes of fee disclosure in Form N-1A, as the same may be amended from time to time.

The Portfolios also have entered into a Custodian Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), pursuant to which custodial services are provided for the Portfolios. Securities held for the Portfolios may be held by a sub-custodian bank approved by the Portfolios’ Trustees. The principal business address of State Street is One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.

KPMG LLP, 345 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10154, is the independent registered public accounting firm for the Portfolios, providing audit services and assistance and consultation with respect to the preparation of filings with the SEC.

 

Item 15. Portfolio Managers

The following tables set forth certain additional information with respect to the portfolio managers for the Portfolios. Unless noted otherwise, all information is provided as of August 31, 2006.

Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers

The table below identifies, for each portfolio manager, the number of accounts (other than the Portfolio with respect to which information is provided) for which he or she has day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts. Except as noted, the accounts shown were not subject to fees based on performance. Information is provided as of October 31, 2007.

 

Fund

 

Portfolio Manager

 

Registered Investment

Companies

 

Other Pooled

Investment Vehicles

 

Other Accounts

SMASh Series M Fund   S. Kenneth Leech   113 registered investment companies with $117 billion in total assets under management   239 other pooled investment vehicles with $221 billion in assets   1,060 other accounts with $303 billion in total assets under management (with the advisory fee being based on performance for 93 of such accounts, which had approximately $33 billion in total assets)

 

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Fund

 

Portfolio Manager

 

Registered Investment

Companies

 

Other Pooled

Investment Vehicles

 

Other Accounts

  Stephen A. Walsh   113 registered investment companies with $117 billion in total assets under management   239 other pooled investment vehicles with $221 billion in assets   1,060 other accounts with $303 billion in total assets under management (with the advisory fee being based on performance for 93 of such accounts, which had approximately $33 billion in total assets)
  Ronald D. Mass   1 registered investment company with $0.17 billion in total assets under management   12 other pooled investment vehicles with $4.6 billion in assets   None
  Mark S. Lindbloom   6 registered investment companies with $2.7 billion in total assets under management   6 other pooled investment vehicles with $527 million in assets   37 other accounts with $7.9 billion in total assets under management (with the advisory fee being based on performance for 4 of such accounts, which had approximately $1.2 billion in total assets)
Series C Fund   S. Kenneth Leech   113 registered investment companies with $117 billion in total assets under management   239 other pooled investment vehicles with $221 billion in assets   1,060 other accounts with $303 billion in total assets under management (with the advisory fee being based on performance for 93 of such accounts, which had approximately $33 billion in total assets)

 

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Fund

 

Portfolio Manager

 

Registered Investment

Companies

 

Other Pooled

Investment Vehicles

 

Other Accounts

  Stephen A. Walsh   113 registered investment companies with $117 billion in total assets under management   239 other pooled investment vehicles with $117 billion in assets   1,060 other accounts with $303 billion in total assets under management (with the advisory fee being based on performance for 93 of such accounts, which had approximately $33 billion in total assets)
  Jeffrey D. Van Schaick   14 registered investment companies with $981 million in total assets under management   6 other pooled investment vehicles with $5.1 billion in assets   12 other accounts with $981 million in total assets under management
Series EC Fund   S. Kenneth Leech   113 registered investment companies with $117 billion in total assets under management   239 other pooled investment vehicles with $221 billion in assets   1,060 other accounts with $303 billion in total assets under management (with the advisory fee being based on performance for 93 of such accounts, which had approximately $33 billion in total assets)
  Stephen A. Walsh   113 registered investment companies with $117 billion in total assets under management   239 other pooled investment vehicles with $221 billion in assets   1,060 other accounts with $303 billion in total assets under management (with the advisory fee being based on performance for 93 of such accounts, which had approximately $33 billion in total assets)

 

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Fund

 

Portfolio Manager

 

Registered Investment

Companies

 

Other Pooled

Investment Vehicles

 

Other Accounts

  Michael C. Buchanan   14 registered investment companies with $8 billion in total assets under management   6 other pooled investment vehicles with $5.1 billion in assets   12 other accounts with $981 million in total assets
  Timothy J. Settel   None   None   2 other accounts with $233 million in total assets
  Keith J. Gardner   7 registered investment companies with $1.3 billion in total assets under management   6 other pooled investment vehicles with $1.3 billion in assets   1 other account with $14.9 million billion in total assets under management (with the advisory fee being based on performance for 1 of such accounts, which had approximately $14 million in total assets)
Series MEC Fund   S. Kenneth Leech   113 registered investment companies with $117 billion in total assets under management   239 other pooled investment vehicles with $221 billion in assets   1,060 other accounts with $303 billion in total assets under management (with the advisory fee being based on performance for 93 of such accounts, which had approximately $33 billion in total assets)
  Stephen A. Walsh   113 registered investment companies with $117 billion in total assets under management   239 other pooled investment vehicles with $221 billion in assets   1,060 other accounts with $303 billion in total assets under management (with the advisory fee being based on performance for 93 of such accounts, which had approximately $33 billion in total assets)

 

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Fund

 

Portfolio Manager

 

Registered Investment

Companies

 

Other Pooled

Investment Vehicles

 

Other Accounts

  Ronald E. Perry   24 registered investment companies with $21 billion in total assets under management   1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.4 billion in assets   22 other accounts with $2 billion in total assets (with the advisory fee being based on performance for 1 of such accounts, which had approximately $338 million in total assets)
  Joseph P. Deane   24 registered investment companies with $21 billion in total assets under management   1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.4 billion in assets   22 other accounts with $2 billion in total assets (with the advisory fee being based on performance for 1 of such accounts, which had approximately $338 million in total assets)
  Robert E. Amodeo   24 registered investment companies with $21 billion in total assets under management  

1 other pooled investment vehicle with $8.4 billion in assets

  22 other accounts with $2 billion in total assets (with the advisory fee being based on performance for 1 of such accounts, which had approximately $338 million in total assets)

Portfolio Manager Compensation

Each Subadviser’s compensation system assigns each employee a total compensation “target” and a respective cap, which are derived from annual market surveys that benchmark each role with its job function and peer universe. This method is designed to reward employees with total compensation reflective of the external market value of their skills, experience, and ability to produce desired results. Standard compensation includes competitive base salaries, generous employee benefits, and a retirement plan.

 

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In addition, each Subadviser’s employees are eligible for bonuses. These are structured to closely align the interests of employees with those of the subadviser, and are determined by the professional’s job function and pre-tax performance as measured by a formal review process. All bonuses are completely discretionary. One of the principal factors considered is a portfolio manager’s investment performance versus appropriate peer groups and benchmarks (e.g., a securities index and with respect to a fund, the benchmark set forth in the fund’s prospectus to which the fund’s average annual total returns are compared or, if none, the benchmark set forth in the fund’s annual report). Performance is reviewed on a 1, 3 and 5 year basis for compensation - with three years having the most emphasis. A Subadviser may also measure a portfolio manager’s pre-tax investment performance against other benchmarks, as it determines appropriate. Because portfolio managers are generally responsible for multiple accounts (including the funds) with similar investment strategies, they are generally compensated on the performance of the aggregate group of similar accounts, rather than a specific account, though relative performance against this stated benchmark and its applicable Lipper peer group is also considered. A smaller portion of a bonus payment is derived from factors that include client service, business development, length of service to the investment manager, management or supervisory responsibilities, contributions to developing business strategy and overall contributions to the Subadviser’s business.

Finally, in order to attract and retain top talent, all professionals are eligible for additional incentives in recognition of outstanding performance. These were determined based upon the factors described above and include Legg Mason stock options and long-term incentives that vest over a set period of time past the award date.

Potential Conflicts of Interest

Potential conflicts of interest may arise when a Portfolio’s portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to one or more other funds or other accounts, as is the case for the portfolio managers listed in the table above.

The Manager, the Subadvisers and the Portfolios have adopted compliance polices and procedures that are designed to address various conflicts of interest that may arise for the Manager or the Subadviser and the individuals that they employ. For example, the Manager and each Subadviser seek to minimize the effects of competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by assigning portfolio managers to manage funds and accounts that share a similar investment style. Each of the Manager and each Subadviser has also adopted trade allocation procedures that are designed to facilitate the fair allocation of limited investment opportunities among multiple funds and accounts. There is no guarantee, however, that the policies and procedures adopted by the Manager, the Subadviser and the Portfolio will be able to detect and/or prevent every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may appear.

These potential conflicts include:

Allocation of Limited Time and Attention. A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds and/or accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds and/or accounts. As a result, the portfolio manager may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities for each of those accounts as might be the case if he or she were to devote substantially more attention to the management of a single fund. The effects of this potential conflict may be more pronounced where funds and/or accounts overseen by a particular portfolio manager have different investment strategies.

Allocation of Limited Investment Opportunities. If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple funds and/or accounts, the opportunity may be allocated among these several funds or accounts, which may limit a fund’s ability to take full advantage of the investment opportunity.

 

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Pursuit of Differing Strategies. At times, a portfolio manager may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the funds and/or accounts for which he or she exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of the funds and/or accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, the portfolio manager may place separate transactions for one or more funds or accounts which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment or benefit of one or more other funds and/or accounts.

Selection of Broker/Dealers. Portfolio managers may be able to select or influence the selection of the brokers and dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the funds and/or accounts that they supervise. In addition to executing trades, some brokers and dealers provide brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), which may result in the payment of higher brokerage fees than might have otherwise been available. These services may be more beneficial to certain funds or accounts than to others. Although the payment of brokerage commissions is subject to the requirement that the Sub-adviser determine in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided to the Portfolio, a portfolio manager’s decision as to the selection of brokers and dealers could yield disproportionate costs and benefits among the funds and/or accounts managed.

Variation in Compensation. A conflict of interest may arise where the financial or other benefits available to the portfolio manager differ among the funds and/or accounts that he or she manages. If the structure of the investment adviser’s management fee and/or the portfolio manager’s compensation differs among funds and/or accounts (such as where certain funds or accounts pay higher management fees or performance-based management fees), the portfolio manager might be motivated to help certain funds and/or accounts over others. The portfolio manager might be motivated to favor funds and/or accounts in which he or she has an interest or in which the investment advisor and/or its affiliates have interests. Similarly, the desire to maintain or raise assets under management or to enhance the portfolio manager’s performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence the portfolio manager to lend preferential treatment to those funds and/or accounts that could most significantly benefit the portfolio manager.

Related Business Opportunities. The investment adviser or its affiliates may provide more services (such as distribution or recordkeeping) for some types of funds or accounts than for others. In such cases, a portfolio manager may benefit, either directly or indirectly, by devoting disproportionate attention to the management of fund and/or accounts that provide greater overall returns to the investment manager and its affiliates.

Portfolio Manager Securities Ownership

On the date of this Registration Statement, no portfolio manager owned beneficial interests of any Portfolio.

 

Item 16. Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices.

Subject to such policies as may be established by the Board from time to time, the Subadvisers are primarily responsible for the Portfolio’s portfolio decisions and the placing of the Portfolio’s portfolio transactions.

Transactions on stock exchanges involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. There is generally no stated commission in the case of securities traded in the over-the-counter market, but the price of those securities includes an undisclosed commission or mark-up. Over-the-counter purchases and sales are transacted directly with principal market makers except where it is believed that better prices and executions may be obtained elsewhere. The cost of securities purchased from underwriters includes an underwriting commission or concession, and the prices at which securities are purchased from and sold to dealers include a dealer’s mark-up or mark-down.

For the period ended October 31, 2007, the Portfolios paid the following in brokerage commissions:

 

Fund

   Brokerage Commissions
for the Fiscal Year
Ended October 31, 2007

Series M Portfolio

   $ 3,120

Series C Portfolio

   $ 635

Series EC Portfolio

   $ 10

Series MEC Portfolio

     N/A

Pursuant to each Management Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement, each of the Manager and each Subadviser is authorized to place orders pursuant to its investment determinations for a Portfolio either directly with the issuer or with any broker or dealer, foreign currency dealer, futures commission merchant or others selected by it. The general policy of the Manager and each Subadviser in selecting brokers and dealers is to obtain the best results achievable in the context of a number of factors which are considered both in relation to individual trades and broader trading patterns, including the reliability of the broker/dealer, the competitiveness of the price and the commission, the research services received and whether the broker/dealer commits its own capital.

In connection with the selection of such brokers or dealers and the placing of such orders, subject to applicable law, brokers or dealers may be selected who also provide brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act “)) to the Portfolios and/or the other accounts over which the Manager, a Subadviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. The Manager and Subadvisers are authorized to pay a broker or dealer who provides such brokerage and research services a commission for executing a portfolio transaction for a Portfolio in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Manager or a Subadviser, as applicable, determines in good faith that such amount of commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer. This determination may be viewed in terms of either that particular transaction or the overall responsibilities that the Manager or the Subadviser and its affiliates have with respect to accounts over which they exercise investment discretion. The Manager or Subadvisers may also have arrangements with brokers pursuant to which such brokers provide research services to the Manager or Subadviser, as applicable, in exchange for a certain volume of brokerage transactions to be executed by such brokers. While the payment of higher commissions increases a Portfolio’s costs, neither the Manager nor any Subadviser believes that the receipt of such brokerage and research services significantly reduces its expenses. Arrangements for the receipt of research services from the brokers may create conflicts of interest.

Research services furnished to the Manager or Subadvisers by brokers who effect securities transactions for a Portfolio may be used by the Manager or Subadvisers in servicing other investment companies and accounts which it manages. Similarly, research services furnished to the Manager or Subadvisers by brokers who effect securities transactions for other investment companies and accounts which the Manager or Subadvisers manage may be used by the Manager or Subadvisers, as applicable, in servicing a Portfolio. Not all of these research services are used by the Manager or Subadviser in managing any particular account, including the Portfolios.

For the period ended October 31, 2007, none of the Portfolios directed any amounts to brokerage transactions related to research services or paid any brokerage commissions related to research services.

Each Portfolio contemplates that, consistent with the policy of obtaining the best net results, brokerage transactions may be conducted through “affiliated broker/dealers,” as defined in the 1940 Act. The Board has adopted procedures in accordance with Rule 17e-1 under the 1940 Act to ensure that all brokerage commissions paid to such affiliates are reasonable and fair in the context of the market in which such affiliates operate.

During the period ended October 31, 2007, the Series M Portfolio purchased securities issued by the following regular broker/dealers of the Portfolio, which had the following values as of October 31, 2007:

 

Name of Regular Broker or Dealer or Parent (Issuer)

   Type of
Security Owned
   Value of Securities
Owned at End
of Current Period

Bear Stearns & Co., Inc.

   Debt    $ 1,804,838

Lehman Brothers Inc.

   Debt    $ 1,226,268

Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc.

   Debt    $ 982,943

Bank of America Securities

   Debt    $ 441,035

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc.

   Debt    $ 402,725

None of the other Portfolios purchased securities issued by its regular broker/dealers.

In certain instances there may be securities that are suitable as an investment for a Portfolio as well as for one or more of the Manager’s or a Subadviser’s other clients. Investment decisions for each Portfolio and for the Manager’s or a Subadviser’s other clients are made with a view to achieving their respective investment objective. It may develop that a particular security is bought or sold for only one client even though it might be held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for only one client even though it might be held by, or bought or sold for, other clients. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more clients are selling the same security. Some simultaneous transactions are inevitable when several clients receive investment advice from the same manager, particularly when the same security is suitable for the investment objectives of more than one client. When two or more clients are simultaneously engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the securities are allocated among clients in a manner believed to be equitable to each. It is recognized that in some cases this system could adversely affect the price of or the size of the position obtainable in a security for a Portfolio. When purchases or sales of the same security for a Portfolio and for other portfolios managed by the Manager or a Subadviser occur contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated in order to obtain any price advantages available to large volume purchases or sales.

 

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Item 17. Capital Stock and Other Securities.

The Trust. The Certificate of Trust to establish Master Portfolio Trust (referred to in this section as the Trust) was filed with the State of Maryland on October 4, 2006. On April 16, 2007, each Portfolio was redomiciled as a series of the Trust. Prior thereto, each of the Portfolios was a series of Institutional Trust, a Massachusetts trust.

Each Portfolio is a separate series of the Trust, a Maryland business trust. A Maryland business trust is an unincorporated business association that is established under, and governed by, Maryland law. Maryland law provides a statutory framework for the powers, duties, rights and obligations of the Board (referred from this Section as the trustees)

 

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and shareholders of the business trust, while the more specific powers, duties, rights and obligations of the Trustees and the shareholders are determined by the Trustees as set forth in the Declaration of Trust. Some of the more significant provisions of the Declaration are described below.

Investor Voting. The Declaration provides for investor voting as required by the 1940 Act or other applicable laws but otherwise permits, consistent with Maryland law, actions by the Trustees without seeking the consent of investors. The Trustees may, without investor approval, amend the declaration or authorize the merger or consolidation of the Trust into another trust or entity, reorganize the Trust, or any series or class into another trust or entity or a series or class of another entity, sell all or substantially all of the assets of the Trust or any series or class to another entity, or a series or class of another entity, or terminate the Trust or any series or class.

The Portfolios are not required to hold an annual meeting of investors, but the Portfolios will call special meetings of investors whenever required by the 1940 Act or by the terms of the Declaration. The Declaration provides for “dollar-weighted voting” which means that an investor’s voting power is determined, not by the number of shares of beneficial interest he or she owns, but by the dollar value of those shares determined on the record date. All investors of all series of the Trust vote together, except where required by the 1940 Act to vote separately by series, or when the Trustees have determined that a matter affects only the interests of one or more series of shares.

Election and Removal of Trustees. The Declaration provides that the Trustees may establish the number of Trustees and that vacancies on the Board may be filled by the remaining Trustees, except when election of Trustees by the investor is required under the 1940 Act. Trustees are then elected by a plurality of votes cast by investor at a meeting at which a quorum is present. The Declaration also provides that a mandatory retirement age may be set by action of two-thirds of the Trustees and that Trustees may be removed, with or without cause, by a vote of investors holding two-thirds of the voting power of the Trust, or by a vote of two-thirds of the remaining Trustees. The provisions of the Declaration relating to the election and removal of Trustees may not be amended without the approval of two-thirds of the Trustees.

Amendments to the Declaration. The Trustees are authorized to amend the Declaration without the vote of investors, but no amendment may be made that impairs the exemption from personal liability granted in the Declaration to persons who are or have been investors, Trustees, officers or, employees of the Trust or that limit the rights to indemnification or insurance provided in the declaration with respect to actions or omissions of persons entitled to indemnification under the declaration prior to the amendment.

Issuance and Redemption of Shares. The Portfolios may issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest for such consideration and on such terms as the Trustees may determine. Investors are not entitled to any appraisal, preemptive, conversion, exchange or similar rights, except as the Trustees may determine. The Portfolios may involuntarily redeem an investor’s shares of beneficial interest upon certain conditions as may be determined by the Trustees, including, for example, if the investor fails to provide the Portfolio with identification required by law, or if the Portfolio is unable to verify the information received from the investor. Additionally, as discussed below, shares of beneficial interest may be redeemed in connection with the closing of small accounts.

Disclosure of Investor Holdings. The Declaration specifically requires investors, upon demand, to disclose to a Portfolio information with respect to the direct and indirect ownership of shares of beneficial interest in order to comply with various laws or regulations, and a Portfolio may disclose such ownership if required by law or regulation.

 

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Small Accounts. The Declaration provides that the Portfolios may close out an investor’s account by redeeming all of the shares of beneficial interest in the account if the account falls below a minimum account size (which may vary by class) that may be set by the trustees from time to time. Alternately, the Declaration permits a Portfolio to assess a fee for small accounts (which may vary by class) and redeem shares in the account to cover such fees, or convert the shares into another share class that is geared to smaller accounts.

Series. The Declaration provides that the Trustees may establish series in addition to those currently established and to determine the rights and preferences, limitations and restrictions, including qualifications for ownership, conversion and exchange features, minimum purchase and account size, expenses and charges, and other features of the series and classes. The Trustees may change any of those features, terminate any series, or combine series with other series in the Trust.

Each interest in a Portfolio, as a series of the Trust, represents an interest in the Portfolio only and not in the assets of any other series of the trust.

Investor, Trustee and Officer Liability. The Declaration provides that investors are not personally liable for the obligations of a Portfolio and requires the Portfolios to indemnify an investor against any loss or expense arising from any such liability. In addition, the Portfolios will assume the defense of any claim against an investor for personal liability at the request of the investor. The Declaration further provides that a Trustee acting in his or her capacity of Trustee is not personally liable to any person other than the Trust or its investors, for any act, omission, or obligation of the Trust. Further, a Trustee is held to the same standard of conduct as a director of a Maryland corporation. This requires that a Trustee perform his or her duties in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the Trust or a series thereof, and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. The Declaration also permits the limitation of a Trustee’s liability to the full extent provided under Maryland law. Under current Maryland law, a Trustee is liable to the Trust or its investors for monetary damages only (a) to the extent that it is proved that he or she actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property, or services or (b) to the extent that a judgment or other final adjudication adverse to the Trustee is entered in a proceeding based on a finding in the proceeding that the Trustee’s action, or failure to act, was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding. The Declaration requires the Trust to indemnify any persons who are or who have been Trustees, officers or employees of the Trust for any liability for actions or failure to act except to the extent prohibited by applicable federal law. In making any determination as to whether any person is entitled to the advancement of expenses in connection with a claim for which indemnification is sought, such person is entitled to a rebuttable presumption that he or she did not engage in conduct for which indemnification is not available.

The Declaration provides that any Trustee who serves as chair of the Board or of a committee of the Board, lead independent Trustee, or audit committee financial expert, or in any other similar capacity will not be subject to any greater standard of care or liability because of such position.

Derivative Actions. The Declaration provides a detailed process for the bringing of derivative actions by investors in order to permit legitimate inquiries and claims while avoiding the time, expense, distraction, and other harm that can be caused to a Portfolio or its investors as a result of spurious investor demands and derivative actions. Prior to bringing a derivative action, a demand by three unrelated investors must first be made on a Portfolio’s Trustees. The Declaration details various information, certifications, undertakings and acknowledgements that must be included in the demand. Following receipt of the demand, the Trustees have a period of 90 days, which may be extended by an additional 60 days, to consider the demand. If a majority of the Trustees who are considered independent for the

 

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purposes of considering the demand determine that maintaining the suit would not be in the best interests of the Portfolio, the Trustees are required to reject the demand and the complaining investors may not proceed with the derivative action unless the investors are able to sustain the burden of proof to a court that the decision of the Trustees not to pursue the requested action was not a good faith exercise of their business judgment on behalf of the Portfolio. The Declaration further provides that investors owning shares of beneficial interest representing at least 5% of the voting power of the affected Portfolio must join in bringing the derivative action. If a demand is rejected, the complaining shareholders will be responsible for the costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by the Portfolio in connection with the consideration of the demand, if in the judgment of the Independent Trustees, the demand was made without reasonable cause or for an improper purpose. If a derivative action is brought in violation of the declaration, the shareholders bringing the action may be responsible for the Portfolio’s costs, including attorneys’ fees.

The Declaration further provides that each Portfolio shall be responsible for payment of attorneys’ fees and legal expenses incurred by a complaining investor only if required by law, and any attorneys’ fees that a Portfolio are obligated to pay shall be calculated using reasonable hourly rates. The Declaration also requires that actions by investors against a Portfolio be brought only in federal court in Baltimore, Maryland, or if not permitted to be brought in federal court, then in state court in Baltimore, Maryland, and that the right to jury trial be waived to the full extent permitted by law.

 

Item 19. Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Securities.

Beneficial interests in the Portfolios are issued solely in private placement transactions which do not involve any “public offering” within the meaning of Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act. Investments in the Portfolios may only be made by investment companies, insurance company separate accounts, common or commingled trust funds or similar organizations or entities which are “accredited investors” within the meaning of Regulation D under the 1933 Act. This Registration Statement does not constitute an offer to sell, or the solicitation of an offer to buy, any “security” within the meaning of the 1933 Act.

Each of the Portfolios generally values its securities based on market prices determined at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Each Portfolio’s currency valuations, if any, are done as of when the London Stock Exchange closes, which is usually at 12 noon Eastern time, as the Manager believes that these valuations typically reflect the largest trading volume in the foreign currency markets. A material change in the value of currency during the period between the close of the London Stock Exchange and the calculation of a Portfolio’s net asset value on the same date is considered a significant event, as described below, in response to which the Portfolio may use fair valuation procedures to value the affected investments. The market price for debt obligations is generally the price supplied by the independent third party pricing service approved by the Portfolio Board, which may use a matrix, formula or other objective method that takes into consideration market indices, yield curves and other specific adjustments.

If vendors are unable to supply a price, or if the price supplied is deemed by the Manager to be unreliable, the market price may be determined using quotations received from one or more brokers/dealers that make a market in the security. When such prices or quotations are not available, or when the Manager believes that they are unreliable, the Manager may price securities using fair value procedures approved by the Board. Because the Portfolios may invest in securities of issuers located in emerging markets and securities rated below investment grade — some of which may be thinly traded, for which market quotations may not be readily available or may be unreliable — the Portfolios may use fair valuation procedures more frequently than funds that invest primarily in securities that are more liquid, such as securities of domestic issuers. It may also use fair value procedures if the Manager determines that a significant event has occurred between the time at which a market price is determined and the time

 

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at which a Portfolio’s net asset value is calculated. In particular, the value of foreign securities may be materially affected by events occurring after the close of the market on which they are valued, but before it prices its shares.

Valuing securities at fair value involves greater reliance on judgment than valuation of securities based on readily available market quotations. A fund that uses fair value to price securities may value those securities higher or lower than another fund using market quotations or its own fair value methodologies to price the same securities. There can be no assurance that the Portfolio could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Portfolio determines its net asset value.

Short-term obligations held by the Portfolios that will mature in 60 days or less are valued at amortized cost, unless it is determined that using this method would not reflect an investment’s fair value. Amortized cost valuation involves valuing an instrument at its cost and thereafter assuming a constant amortization to maturity of any discount or premium. Although the amortized cost method provides certainty in valuation, it may result in periods during which the stated value of an instrument is higher or lower than the price the Portfolio would receive if the instrument were sold.

Interest income on long-term obligations held by a Portfolio is determined on the basis of interest accrued plus amortization of “original issue discount” (generally, the difference between issue price and stated redemption price at maturity) and premiums (generally, the excess of purchase price over stated redemption price at maturity). Interest income on short-term obligations is determined on the basis of interest accrued plus amortization of any premium.

Subject to compliance with applicable regulations, the Trust has reserved the right to pay the redemption price of beneficial interests in each Portfolio, either totally or partially, by a distribution in kind of readily marketable securities (instead of cash). The securities so distributed would be valued at the same amount as that assigned to them in calculating the net asset value for the beneficial interests being redeemed. If a holder of beneficial interests received a distribution in kind, such holder could incur brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash.

The Trust may suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment for beneficial interests in either Portfolio more than seven days during any period when (a) trading in the markets the Portfolio normally utilizes is restricted, or an emergency, as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC exists making disposal of the Portfolios’ investments or determination of its net asset value not reasonably practicable; (b) the NYSE is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); or (c) the SEC has by order permitted such suspension.

 

Item 20. Taxation of Each Portfolio.

The Portfolios are organized as series of the Trust, which is organized as a trust under Massachusetts law. The Trust has determined that each Portfolio is properly treated as a separate partnership for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the Portfolios do not expect to pay any federal income taxes, but each investor in the Portfolios must take into account its share of the Portfolios’ ordinary income, expenses, capital gains or losses, credits and other items in determining its federal income tax liability. The determination of such share is made in accordance with the governing instruments of the Portfolios and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and Treasury Regulations (the “Regulations”) promulgated thereunder.

Each Portfolio’s tax year-end is October 31. Although, as described above, the Portfolios are not subject to federal income tax, each files appropriate federal income tax returns.

 

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Each Portfolio believes that, in the case of an investor in a Portfolio that seeks to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Code, the investor should be treated for purposes of satisfying the income and asset-based tests applicable to RICs under Subchapter M of the Code as an owner of an undivided interest in the assets and operations of the Portfolio, and accordingly should be deemed to own a proportionate share of each of the assets of the Portfolio and should be entitled to treat as earned by it the portion of the Portfolio’s gross income attributable to that share. Each such investor should consult its tax advisers regarding whether, in light of its particular tax status and any special tax rules applicable to it, this “look through” approach applies to its investment in the Portfolio, or whether the Portfolio should be treated, as to that investor, as a separate entity as to which the investor has no direct interest in Portfolio assets or operations.

In order to enable an investor in a Portfolio that invests all of its assets in a single Portfolio and that is otherwise eligible to qualify as a RIC under the Code to so qualify, the Trust intends to satisfy the requirements of Subchapter M of the Code relating to the nature of each Portfolio’s gross income and the composition (diversification) of the Portfolio’s assets as if those requirements were directly applicable to the Portfolio. Each Portfolio intends to allocate and permit withdrawals of its net investment income and any net realized capital gains in a manner that (i) will enable such an investor to comply with the qualification requirements imposed by Subchapter M of the Code with respect to the income allocated to it by the Portfolio and (ii) in the case of Series MEC Portfolio, will enable a RIC that invests all of its assets with Series MEC Portfolio to qualify to pay exempt-interest dividends.

Each Portfolio will allocate at least annually among its investors each investor’s distributive share of the Portfolio’s net investment income (including net investment income derived from interest on U.S. Treasury obligations), net realized capital gains, and any other items of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit in a manner intended to comply with the Code and applicable Regulations.

Investors generally will not recognize any gain or loss for federal income tax purposes on contributions of cash to the Portfolios or on withdrawals from the Portfolio. However, to the extent the cash proceeds of any withdrawal or distribution exceed an investor’s adjusted tax basis in its partnership interest in a Portfolio, the investor will generally recognize gain for federal income tax purposes. In addition, if, upon a complete withdrawal (i.e., a redemption of its entire interest in a Portfolio), the investor’s adjusted tax basis in its partnership interest in a Portfolio exceeds the proceeds of the withdrawal, the investor will generally recognize a loss for federal income tax purposes. An investor’s adjusted tax basis in its partnership interest in a Portfolio will generally be the aggregate price paid therefor, increased by the amounts of its distributive share of items of realized net income (including income, if any, exempt from federal income tax) and gain, and reduced, but not below zero, by the amounts of its distributive share of items of realized net loss and the amounts of any distributions received by the investor.

Any investment by a Portfolio in zero coupon bonds, deferred interest bonds, payment-in-kind bonds, and certain securities purchased at a market discount will cause the Portfolio to recognize income prior to the receipt of cash payments with respect to those securities. In order to obtain cash for distributions to enable any investor that is a RIC to distribute its share of this income and avoid a tax, the Portfolio may be required to liquidate portfolio securities that it might otherwise have continued to hold, potentially resulting in additional taxable gain or loss.

Portfolio income allocated to investors that is derived from interest on obligations of the U.S. government and certain of its agencies and instrumentalities (but generally not from capital gains realized upon the disposition of such obligations) may be exempt from state and local taxes. Each Portfolio intends to advise investors of the extent, if any, to which its income consists of such interest. Investors are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding the possible exclusion of such portion of the income allocated to them by a Portfolio for state and local income tax purposes.

 

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The above discussion does not address the special tax rules applicable to certain classes of investors, such as tax-exempt entities, insurance companies, and financial institutions, or the state, local, or non-United States tax laws that may be applicable to certain investors, except as expressly discussed above. Investors should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the special tax rules that may apply in their particular situations, as well as the state, local, or foreign tax consequences to them of investing in a Portfolio.

 

I tem 21. Underwriters.

The exclusive placement agent for the Portfolios is Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC, which receives no compensation for serving in this capacity. Investment companies, insurance company separate accounts, common and commingled trust funds and similar organizations and entities may continuously invest in the Portfolios.

 

Item 22. Calculation of Performance Data.

Not applicable.

 

Item 23. Financial Statements.

The financial statements contained in the Annual Report of each of Series C Portfolio, Series M Portfolio and Series EC Portfolio, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (Accession Numbers 0000930413-08-000061, 0000930413-08-00060 and 0000930413-08-000062, respectively), for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2007 are incorporated by reference into this Part B.

No information is provided for Series MEC Portfolio because it commenced operations after October 31, 2007.

 

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APPENDIX A

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

Western Asset Management Company and Western Asset Management Company Limited

Proxy Voting Policy

BACKGROUND

Western Asset Management Company and Western Asset Management Company Limited (together, “Western Asset”) have adopted and implemented policies and procedures that Western Asset believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). Western Asset’s authority to vote the proxies of our clients is established through investment management agreements or comparable documents, and our proxy voting guidelines have been tailored to reflect these specific contractual obligations. In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the Investment Manager.

In exercising its voting authority, Western Asset will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Legg Mason Inc. or any of its affiliates (other than Western Asset Management Company Limited) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.

POLICY

As a fixed income only manager, the occasion to vote proxies is very rare. However, the Firm has adopted and implemented policies and procedures that we believe are reasonably designed to ensure that proxies are voted in the best interest of clients, in accordance with our fiduciary duties and SEC Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“Advisers Act”). In addition to SEC requirements governing advisers, our proxy voting policies reflect the long-standing fiduciary standards and responsibilities for ERISA accounts. Unless a manager of ERISA assets has been expressly precluded from voting proxies, the Department of Labor has determined that the responsibility for these votes lies with the Investment Manager.

While the guidelines included in the procedures are intended to provide a benchmark for voting standards, each vote is ultimately cast on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the Firm’s contractual obligations to our clients and all other relevant facts and circumstances at the time of the vote (such that these guidelines may be overridden to the extent the Firm deems appropriate).

In exercising its voting authority, Western Asset will not consult or enter into agreements with officers, directors or employees of Legg Mason Inc. or any of its affiliates (other than Western Asset Management Company Limited) regarding the voting of any securities owned by its clients.

PROCEDURE

Responsibility and Oversight

The Western Asset Legal and Compliance Department (“Compliance Department”) is responsible for administering and overseeing the proxy voting process. The gathering of proxies is coordinated through the Corporate Actions area of Investment Support (“Corporate Actions”). Research analysts and portfolio managers are responsible for determining appropriate voting positions on each proxy utilizing any applicable guidelines contained in these procedures.


Client Authority

At account start-up, or upon amendment of an IMA, the applicable client IMA are similarly reviewed. If an agreement is silent on proxy voting, but contains an overall delegation of discretionary authority or if the account represents assets of an ERISA plan, Western Asset will assume responsibility for proxy voting. The Client Account Transition Team maintains a matrix of proxy voting authority.

Proxy Gathering

Registered owners of record, client custodians, client banks and trustees (“Proxy Recipients”) that receive proxy materials on behalf of clients should forward them to Corporate Actions. Proxy Recipients for new clients (or, if Western Asset becomes aware that the applicable Proxy Recipient for an existing client has changed, the Proxy Recipient for the existing client) are notified at start-up of appropriate routing to Corporate Actions of proxy materials received and reminded of their responsibility to forward all proxy materials on a timely basis. If Western Asset personnel other than Corporate Actions receive proxy materials, they should promptly forward the materials to Corporate Actions.

Proxy Voting

Once proxy materials are received by Corporate Actions, they are forwarded to the Legal and Compliance Department for coordination and the following actions:

a. Proxies are reviewed to determine accounts impacted.

b. Impacted accounts are checked to confirm Western Asset voting authority.

c. Legal and Compliance Department staff reviews proxy issues to determine any material conflicts of interest. (See conflicts of interest section of these procedures for further information on determining material conflicts of interest.)

d. If a material conflict of interest exists, (i) to the extent reasonably practicable and permitted by applicable law, the client is promptly notified, the conflict is disclosed and Western Asset obtains the client’s proxy voting instructions, and (ii) to the extent that it is not reasonably practicable or permitted by applicable law to notify the client and obtain such instructions (e.g., the client is a mutual fund or other commingled vehicle or is an ERISA plan client), Western Asset seeks voting instructions from an independent third party.

e. Legal and Compliance Department staff provides proxy material to the appropriate research analyst or portfolio manager to obtain their recommended vote. Research analysts and portfolio managers determine votes on a case-by-case basis taking into account the voting guidelines contained in these procedures. For avoidance of doubt, depending on the best interest of each individual client, Western Asset may vote the same proxy differently for different clients. The analyst’s or portfolio manager’s basis for their decision is documented and maintained by the Legal and Compliance Department.

f. Legal and Compliance Department staff votes the proxy pursuant to the instructions received in (d) or (e) and returns the voted proxy as indicated in the proxy materials.

Timing

Western Asset personnel act in such a manner to ensure that, absent special circumstances, the proxy gathering and proxy voting steps noted above can be completed before the applicable deadline for returning proxy votes.


Recordkeeping

Western Asset maintains records of proxies voted pursuant to Section 204-2 of the Advisers Act and ERISA DOL Bulletin 94-2. These records include:

a. A copy of Western Asset’s policies and procedures.

b. Copies of proxy statements received regarding client securities.

c. A copy of any document created by Western Asset that was material to making a decision how to vote proxies.

d. Each written client request for proxy voting records and Western Asset’s written response to both verbal and written client requests.

e. A proxy log including:

1. Issuer name;

2. Exchange ticker symbol of the issuer’s shares to be voted;

3. Council on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures (“CUSIP”) number for the shares to be voted;

4. A brief identification of the matter voted on;

5. Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a shareholder of the issuer;

6. Whether a vote was cast on the matter;

7. A record of how the vote was cast; and

8. Whether the vote was cast for or against the recommendation of the issuer’s management team.

Records are maintained in an easily accessible place for five years, the first two in Western Asset’s offices.

Disclosure

Western Asset’s proxy policies are described in the firm’s Part II of Form ADV. Clients will be provided a copy of these policies and procedures upon request. In addition, upon request, clients may receive reports on how their proxies have been voted.

Conflicts of Interest

All proxies are reviewed by the Legal and Compliance Department for material conflicts of interest. Issues to be reviewed include, but are not limited to:

Whether Western (or, to the extent required to be considered by applicable law, its affiliates) manages assets for the company or an employee group of the company or otherwise has an interest in the company;

1. Whether Western or an officer or director of Western or the applicable portfolio manager or analyst responsible for recommending the proxy vote (together, “Voting Persons”) is a close relative of or has a personal or business relationship with an executive, director or person who is a candidate for director of the company or is a participant in a proxy contest; and


2. Whether there is any other business or personal relationship where a Voting Person has a personal interest in the outcome of the matter before shareholders.

Voting Guidelines

Western Asset’s substantive voting decisions turn on the particular facts and circumstances of each proxy vote and are evaluated by the designated research analyst or portfolio manager. The examples outlined below are meant as guidelines to aid in the decision making process. Guidelines are grouped according to the types of proposals generally presented to shareholders. Part I deals with proposals which have been approved and are recommended by a company’s board of directors; Part II deals with proposals submitted by shareholders for inclusion in proxy statements; Part III addresses issues relating to voting shares of investment companies; and Part IV addresses unique considerations pertaining to foreign issuers.

I. Board Approved Proposals

The vast majority of matters presented to shareholders for a vote involve proposals made by a company itself that have been approved and recommended by its board of directors. In view of the enhanced corporate governance practices currently being implemented in public companies, Western Asset generally votes in support of decisions reached by independent boards of directors. More specific guidelines related to certain board-approved proposals are as follows:

1. Matters relating to the Board of Directors

Western Asset votes proxies for the election of the company’s nominees for directors and for board-approved proposals on other matters relating to the board of directors with the following exceptions:

a. Votes are withheld for the entire board of directors if the board does not have a majority of independent directors or the board does not have nominating, audit and compensation committees composed solely of independent directors.

b. Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who is considered an independent director by the company and who has received compensation from the company other than for service as a director.

c. Votes are withheld for any nominee for director who attends less than 75% of board and committee meetings without valid reasons for absences.

d. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis in contested elections of directors.

1. Matters relating to Executive Compensation

Western Asset generally favors compensation programs that relate executive compensation to a company’s long-term performance. Votes are cast on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals relating to executive compensation, except as follows:

a. Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for stock option plans that will result in a minimal annual dilution.

b. Western Asset votes against stock option plans or proposals that permit replacing or repricing of underwater options.

c. Western Asset votes against stock option plans that permit issuance of options with an exercise price below the stock’s current market price.


d. Except where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors, Western Asset votes for employee stock purchase plans that limit the discount for shares purchased under the plan to no more than 15% of their market value, have an offering period of 27 months or less and result in dilution of 10% or less.

2. Matters relating to Capitalization

The management of a company’s capital structure involves a number of important issues, including cash flows, financing needs and market conditions that are unique to the circumstances of each company. As a result, Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on board-approved proposals involving changes to a company’s capitalization except where Western Asset is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

a. Western Asset votes for proposals relating to the authorization of additional common stock.

b. Western Asset votes for proposals to effect stock splits (excluding reverse stock splits).

c. Western Asset votes for proposals authorizing share repurchase programs.

3. Matters relating to Acquisitions, Mergers, Reorganizations and Other Transactions

Western Asset votes these issues on a case-by-case basis on board-approved transactions.

4. Matters relating to Anti-Takeover Measures

Western Asset votes against board-approved proposals to adopt anti-takeover measures except as follows:

a. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to ratify or approve shareholder rights plans.

b. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to adopt fair price provisions.

5. Other Business Matters

Western Asset votes for board-approved proposals approving such routine business matters such as changing the company’s name, ratifying the appointment of auditors and procedural matters relating to the shareholder meeting.

a. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals to amend a company’s charter or bylaws.

b. Western Asset votes against authorization to transact other unidentified, substantive business at the meeting.

II. Shareholder Proposals

SEC regulations permit shareholders to submit proposals for inclusion in a company’s proxy statement. These proposals generally seek to change some aspect of a company’s corporate governance structure or to change some aspect of its business operations. Western Asset votes in accordance with the recommendation of the company’s board of directors on all shareholder proposals, except as follows:

1. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals to require shareholder approval of shareholder rights plans.

2. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that are consistent with Western Asset’s proxy voting guidelines for board-approved proposals.


3. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on other shareholder proposals where the firm is otherwise withholding votes for the entire board of directors.

III. Voting Shares of Investment Companies

Western Asset may utilize shares of open or closed-end investment companies to implement its investment strategies. Shareholder votes for investment companies that fall within the categories listed in Parts I and II above are voted in accordance with those guidelines.

1. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to changes in the investment objectives of an investment company taking into account the original intent of the fund and the role the fund plays in the clients’ portfolios.

2. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis all proposals that would result in increases in expenses (e.g., proposals to adopt 12b-1 plans, alter investment advisory arrangements or approve fund mergers) taking into account comparable expenses for similar funds and the services to be provided.

IV. Voting Shares of Foreign Issuers

In the event Western Asset is required to vote on securities held in non-U.S. issuers – i.e. issuers that are incorporated under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction and that are not listed on a U.S. securities exchange or the NASDAQ stock market, the following guidelines are used, which are premised on the existence of a sound corporate governance and disclosure framework. These guidelines, however, may not be appropriate under some circumstances for foreign issuers and therefore apply only where applicable.

1. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals calling for a majority of the directors to be independent of management.

2. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals seeking to increase the independence of board nominating, audit and compensation committees.

3. Western Asset votes for shareholder proposals that implement corporate governance standards similar to those established under U.S. federal law and the listing requirements of U.S. stock exchanges, and that do not otherwise violate the laws of the jurisdiction under which the company is incorporated.

4. Western Asset votes on a case-by-case basis on proposals relating to (1) the issuance of common stock in excess of 20% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders do not have preemptive rights, or (2) the issuance of common stock in excess of 100% of a company’s outstanding common stock where shareholders have preemptive rights.


PART C

 

Item 23. Exhibits.

 

***

   a(1)    Declaration of Trust of the Registrant dated October 2, 2006

***

   a(2)    Designation of Series of Beneficial Interests in the Trust effective as of February 6, 2007

***

   b    The Registrant’s By-Laws dated October 4, 2006

****

   d(1)    Management Agreement between the Registrant and Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA”), as manager with respect to Institutional Enhanced Portfolio

****

   d(2)    Management Agreement between the Registrant and LMPFA, as manager with respect to Prime Cash Reserves Portfolio

****

   d(3)    Subadvisory Agreement between the Registrant and Western Asset Management Company (“WAM”) with respect to Institutional Enhanced Portfolio

****

   d(4)    Subadvisory Agreement between the Registrant and WAM with respect to Prime Cash Reserves Portfolio

****

   d(5)    Management Agreement between the Registrant and LMPFA, as manager with respect to SMASh Series M Portfolio

****

   d(6)    Management Agreement between the Registrant and LMPFA, as manager with respect to SMASh Series C Portfolio

****

   d(7)    Management Agreement between the Registrant and LMPFA, as manager with respect to SMASh Series EC Portfolio

****

   d(8)    Management Agreement between the Registrant and LMPFA, as manager with respect to SMASh Series MEC Portfolio

****

   d(9)    Subadvisory Agreement between the Registrant and WAM with respect to SMASh Series M Portfolio

****

   d(10)    Subadvisory Agreement between the Registrant and WAM with respect to SMASh Series C Portfolio

****

   d(11)    Subadvisory Agreement between the Registrant and WAM with respect to SMASh Series EC Portfolio

****

   d(12)    Subadvisory Agreement between the Registrant and WAM with respect to SMASh Series MEC Portfolio

****

   d(13)    Subadvisory Agreement between WAM and Western Asset Management Company Limited (“WAML”) with respect to SMASh Series M Portfolio

****

   d(14)    Subadvisory Agreement between WAM and WAML respect to SMASh Series C Portfolio

****

   d(15)    Subadvisory Agreement between WAM and WAML with respect to SMASh Series EC Portfolio

****

   d(16)    Management Agreement between the Registrant and LMPFA, as manager with respect to Liquid Reserves Portfolio


****

   d(17)    Management Agreement between the Registrant and LMPFA, as manager with respect to U.S. Treasury Reserves Portfolio

****

   d(18)    Management Agreement between the Registrant and LMPFA, as manager with respect to Tax Free Reserves Portfolio

****

   d(19)    Subadvisory Agreement between the Registrant and WAM with respect to Liquid Reserves Portfolio

****

   d(20)    Subadvisory Agreement between the Registrant and WAM with respect to U.S. Treasury Reserves Portfolio

****

   d(21)    Subadvisory Agreement between the Registrant and WAM with respect to Tax Free Reserves Portfolio

*

   e(1)    Form of Placement Agency Agreement by and between Registrant and Legg Mason Investor Services LLC (“LMIS”)

****

   e(2)    Amendment to Placement Agency Agreement between Registrant and LMIS

****

   g(1)    Custodian Services Agreement between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”), as custodian

****

   g(2)    Amendment to Custodian Services Agreement between Registrant and State Street

*

   h(4)    Form of Service Mark Licensing Agreement between Citigroup and the Registrant

*

   p(1)    Revised Codes of Ethics of the Registrant and LMPFA

*

   p(2)    Code of Ethics of Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC

**

   p(3)    Code of Ethics of WAM and WAML

 

* Incorporated herein by reference to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A (File No. 811-05813) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 6, 2006.
** Incorporated herein by reference to Amendment No. 11 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A as filed with the SEC on December 22, 2006.
*** Incorporated herein by reference to Amendment No. 12 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A as filed with the SEC on April 13, 2007.
**** Incorporated herein by reference to Amendment No. 13 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A as filed with the SEC on December 7, 2007.

 

Item 24. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant.

Not applicable.

 

Item 25. Indemnification.

Reference is hereby made to (a) Article V of the Registrant’s Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, incorporated herein by reference as an exhibit to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A and (b) Section 8 of the Form of Placement Agency Agreement with LMIS.

The Trustees and officers of the Registrant and the personnel of the Registrant’s manager are insured under errors and omissions liability insurance policies. The Registrant and its officers are also insured under the fidelity bond required by Rule 17g-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

 

Item 26. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser.


Investment Adviser – Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC (“LMPFA”) was formed in 2006 under the laws of the State of Delaware as a limited liability company. LMPFA is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason, Inc. (“Legg Mason”).

LMPFA is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”). The list required by this item 26 of officers and directors of LMPFA together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference to Schedules A and D of Form ADV filed by LMPFA pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-66785).

Subadviser — Western Asset Management Company (“WAM”) was organized under the laws of the State of California as a company. WAM is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Legg Mason.

WAM is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act. The list required by this Item 26 of officers and directors of WAM together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference to Schedules A and D of FORM ADV filed by WAM pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-8162).

 

Item 27. Principal Underwriters.

(a) LMIS, the distributor of the Registrant, is a distributor of funds that are series of the following registrants: Legg Mason Partners Income Trust, Legg Mason Partners Variable Income Trust, Legg Mason Partners Equity Trust, Legg Mason Partners Variable Equity Trust, Legg Mason Partners Money Market Trust, Legg Mason Partners Premium Money Market Trust and Legg Mason Partners Institutional Trust.

LMIS is the placement agent for SMASh Series M Portfolio, SMASh Series C Portfolio, SMASh Series EC Portfolio and SMASh Series MEC Portfolio.

(b) The information required by this Item 27 with respect to each director, officer and partner of LMIS is as follows:

Mark R. Fetting—Managing Director

D. Stuart Bowers—Vice President

W. Talbot Daley—Vice President

Thomas J. Hirschmann—Vice President

Joseph M. Furey—General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer

Ronald Holinsky—Counsel

Robert E. Patterson—Counsel

Theresa M. Silberzahn—Chief Financial Officer

Elisabeth F. Craig—AML Compliance Officer and Director of Continuing Education

All addresses are 100 Light Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202


(c) Not Applicable.

 

Item 28. Location of Accounts and Records.

The accounts and records of the Registrant are located, in whole or in part, at the office of the Registrant and the following locations:

 

NAME

 

ADDRESS

Legg Mason Partners Fund Advisor, LLC   620 Eighth Avenue
(investment adviser)   New York, NY 10018
Western Asset Management Company   620 Eighth Avenue
(subadviser)   New York, NY 10018
Legg Mason Investor Services, LLC   100 Light Street
(placement agent)   Baltimore, Maryland 21202
State Street Bank and Trust Company   One Lincoln Street
(custodian)   Boston, MA 02111
Citicorp Trust Bank, fsb   125 Broad Street
(former transfer agent)   New York, NY 10004
Boston Financial Data Service, Inc.   2 Heritage Drive
  North Quincy, MA 02171

 

Item 29. Management Services.

Not applicable.

 

Item 30. Undertakings.

Not applicable.


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant, MASTER PORTFOLIO TRUST, has duly caused this Amendment to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized in the City of Stamford, State of Connecticut on this 10th day of April, 2008.

MASTER PORTFOLIO TRUST, on behalf of its series SMASh Series M Portfolio, SMASh Series C Portfolio, SMASh Series EC Portfolio and SMASh Series MEC Portfolio

 

By:  

/s/ R. Jay Gerken

 

R. Jay Gerken

President and Principal Executive Officer