10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022.

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________ to _____________

Commission File Number 001-36641

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	20-7273918
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

1325 Avenue of Americas, 28th Floor
New York, NY	10019
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(201) 488-0460

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.00005 par value	BCLI	NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq Capital Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧   No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧   No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ◻	Accelerated filer ◻
Non-accelerated filer ⌧	Smaller reporting company ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

As of May 10, 2022, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.00005 par value per share, was 36,486,180.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This quarterly report contains numerous statements, descriptions, forecasts and projections, regarding Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company,” “Brainstorm,” “we,” “us” or “our”) and its potential future business operations and performance, including financial results for the most recent fiscal quarter, statements regarding the market potential for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS, the sufficiency of our existing capital resources for continuing operations in 2022 and beyond, the safety and clinical effectiveness of our NurOwn® technology, our clinical trials of NurOwn® and its related clinical development, and our ability to develop collaborations and partnerships to support our business plan. In some cases you can identify such “forward-looking statements” by the use of words like “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expects,” “hopes,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “targets,” “goals,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “likely,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of any of these terms or similar words. These statements, descriptions, forecasts and projections constitute “forward-looking statements,” and as such involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance and achievements to be materially different from any results, levels of activity, performance and achievements expressed or implied by any such “forward-looking statements.” These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to our need to raise additional capital, our ability to continue as a going concern, regulatory approval of our NurOwn® treatment candidate, the success of our product development programs and research, regulatory and personnel issues, development of a global market for our services, the ability to secure and maintain research institutions to conduct our clinical trials, the ability to generate significant revenue, the ability of our NurOwn® treatment candidate to achieve broad acceptance as a treatment option for ALS or other neurodegenerative diseases, our ability to manufacture and commercialize our NurOwn® treatment candidate, obtaining patents that provide meaningful protection, competition and market developments, our ability to protect our intellectual property from infringement by third parties, heath reform legislation, demand for our services, currency exchange rates and product liability claims and litigation, disruptions in our business due to the COVID-19 outbreak, including our clinical development activities, and other factors described under “Risk Factors” in this report and in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. These “forward-looking statements” are based on certain assumptions that we have made as of the date hereof. To the extent these assumptions are not valid, the associated “forward-looking statements” and projections will not be correct. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these “forward-looking statements” are reasonable, we cannot guarantee any future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. It is routine for our internal projections and expectations to change as the year or each quarter in the year progresses, and therefore it should be clearly understood that the internal projections and beliefs upon which we base our expectations may change prior to the end of each quarter or the year. Although these expectations may change, we may not inform you if they do and we undertake no obligation to do so, except as required by applicable securities laws and regulations. We caution investors that our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. In evaluating our business, prospective investors should carefully consider the information set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” in this report and in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 in addition to the other information set forth herein and elsewhere in our other public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page Number
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION		4
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	42
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	42
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION		42
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	42
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	42
Item 5.	Other Information	43
Item 6.	Exhibits	44
SIGNATURES		45

3

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of March 31, 2022

U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS

(Except share data and exercise prices)

(UNAUDITED)

4

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As of March 31, 2022

U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS

(Except share data and exercise prices)

(UNAUDITED)

INDEX

	Page
Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	6
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	7
Interim Condensed Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	8
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	10
Notes to Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	12

5

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
	U.S. $ in thousands
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,151	$	18,856
Short-term deposit (Note 4)		3,246		3,238
Other accounts receivable		61		86
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Note 5)		802		1,100
Total current assets		19,260		23,280
Long-Term Assets:
Prepaid expenses and other long-term assets		27		27
Operating lease right of use asset (Note 6)		5,380		4,781
Property and Equipment, Net		1,124		1,189
Total Long-Term Assets		6,531		5,997
Total assets	$	25,791	$	29,277
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payables	$	4,570	$	3,700
Accrued expenses		71		83
Operating lease liability (Note 6)		1,629		1,461
Other accounts payables		1,102		1,073
Total current liabilities		7,372		6,317
Long-Term Liabilities:
Operating lease liability (Note 6)		3,932		3,618
Total long-term liabilities		3,932		3,618
Total liabilities	$	11,304	$	9,935
Stockholders’ Equity:
Stock capital: (Note 7)		12		12
Common Stock of $0.00005 par value - Authorized: 100,000,000 shares March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 respectively; Issued and outstanding: 36,486,180 and 36,401,413 shares at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 respectively.
Additional paid-in-capital		193,495		192,990
Treasury stocks		(116)		(116)
Accumulated deficit		(178,904)		(173,544)
Total stockholders’ equity		14,487		19,342
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	25,791	$	29,277

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

6

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (UNAUDITED)

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data)

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
	Unaudited
Operating expenses:
Research and development, net (Note 8)	$	2,616	$	4,341
General and administrative		2,859		2,588
Operating loss		(5,475)		(6,929)
Financial income, net		115		267
Net loss	$	(5,360)	$	(6,662)
Basic and diluted net loss per share from continuing operations	$	(0.15)	$	(0.19)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share		36,436,882		35,791,309

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

7

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data)

				Additional						Total
	Common stock			paid-in		Treasury		Accumulated		stockholders’
	Number	Amount		capital		stocks		deficit		equity
Balance as of January 1, 2021	35,159,977		12		184,655		(116)		(149,087)		35,464
Stock-based compensation related to stock and options granted to directors and employees	—		*		290		—		—		290
Issuance of shares in at-the-market (ATM) offering (Note 7)	1,156,897		*		7,104		—		—		7,104
Exercise of options	1,687		*		5		—		—		5
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(6,662)		(6,662)
Balance as of March 31, 2021	36,318,561		12		192,054		(116)		(155,749)		36,201

*    Represents an amount less than $1.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

8

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data)

				Additional						Total
	Common stock			paid-in		Treasury		Accumulated		stockholders’
	Number	Amount		capital		stocks		deficit		equity
Balance as of January 1, 2022	36,401,413		12		192,990		(116)		(173,544)		19,342
Stock-based compensation related to stock and options granted to directors and employees	84,767		*		505		—		—		505
Net loss	—		—		—		—		(5,360)		(5,360)
Balance as of March 31, 2022	36,486,180		12		193,495		(116)		(178,904)		14,487

*    Represents an amount less than $1.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

9

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

U.S. dollars in thousands

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(5,360)	$	(6,662)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		74		61
Stock-based compensation related to options granted to employees and directors		505		290
Change in operating lease liability		(117)		(293)
Decrease in other accounts receivable and prepaid expenses		323		322
Increase (decrease) in trade payables		870		(2,865)
Increase in other accounts payable and accrued expenses		17		179
Total net cash used in operating activities	$	(3,688)	$	(8,968)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

10

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

U.S. dollars in thousands

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(9)		(30)
Changes in short-term deposit		(8)		(7)
Total net cash used in investing activities	$	(17)	$	(37)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of options		—		5
Proceeds from issuance of shares in at-the-market (ATM) offering (Note 7)		—		7,104
Total net cash provided by financing activities	$	—	$	7,109
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(3,705)		(1,896)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period	$	18,856	$	37,829
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period	$	15,151	$	35,933
Supplemental schedule of non-cash transactions
Right of use lease asset and liability	$	—	$	85

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

11

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data and exercise prices)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 - GENERAL

A. The Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware on November 15, 2006, and previously was incorporated in the State of Washington. In October 2004, the Company formed its wholly-owned subsidiary, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Ltd. (“BCT”) in Israel, which currently conducts all of the research and development activities of the Company. BCT formed wholly-owned subsidiaries Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics UK Ltd. in the United Kingdom on February 19, 2013 (currently inactive), Advanced Cell Therapies Ltd. in Israel on June 21, 2018 and Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Limited in Ireland on October 1, 2019.

The Common Stock is publicly traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BCLI”.

B. The Company, through BCT, holds rights to commercialize certain stem cell technology developed by Ramot of Tel Aviv University Ltd. (“Ramot”) (see Note 3). Using this technology, the Company has been developing novel adult stem cell therapies for debilitating neurodegenerative disorders such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease), Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PMS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Company developed a proprietary process, called NurOwn®, for the propagation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their differentiation into neurotrophic factor secreting cells. These cells are then transplanted at or near the site of damage, offering the hope of more effectively treating neurodegenerative diseases. The process is currently autologous, or self-transplanted.

C. Since its inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to research and development. The Company is still in its development and clinical stage and has not yet generated revenues. The Company has incurred operating losses since its inception and expects to continue to incur operating losses for the near-term. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $179 million. The extent of the Company’s future operating losses and the timing of becoming profitable are uncertain.

The Company’s primary sources of cash have been proceeds from the issuance and sale of its Common Stock and warrants, the exercise of warrants, sales of Common Stock via its ATM program and other funding transactions. While the Company has been successful in raising financing recently and in the past, there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so in the future on a timely basis on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. The Company has not yet commercialized any of its product candidates. Even if the Company commercializes one or more of its product candidates, it may not become profitable in the near-term. The Company’s ability to achieve profitability depends on a number of factors, including its ability to obtain regulatory approval for its product candidates, successfully complete any post-approval regulatory obligations and successfully commercialize its product candidates alone or in partnership.

The Company believes its existing cash will be sufficient to fund its anticipated operating cash requirements for at least twelve months following the date of this filing. The Company currently has sufficient cash to execute on its ongoing operating activities. Management expects that the Company will continue to generate losses from the clinical development and regulatory activities, which will result in a negative cash flow from operating activity. If the Company is granted a BLA approval, additional capital raise will be needed to commercialize NurOwn® for ALS, and to conduct additional trials that may be needed for other indications. The actual amount of cash that the Company will need to operate is subject to many factors, including, but not limited to, the timing, design and conduct of clinical trials for its product candidates along with cost to commercialize these product candidates.

In early 2020, the World Health Organization declared the rapidly spreading coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. This pandemic has resulted in governments worldwide enacting emergency measures to combat the spread of the virus. The Company considered the impact of COVID-19 on its operations and determined that there were no material adverse impacts on the Company’s results of operations and financial position as of March 31, 2022. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained.

12

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data and exercise prices)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

A.      Unaudited Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments except as otherwise discussed). For further information, reference is made to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2022, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021.

B.      Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are identical to those applied in the preparation of the latest annual financial statements.

C.      Recent Accounting Standards

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s condensed financial statements.

D.      Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

NOTE 3 - RESEARCH AND LICENSE AGREEMENT

In 2004, the Company entered into a Research and License Agreement, as amended and restated, with Ramot (the “License Agreement”). Pursuant to the remuneration terms of the License Agreement, the Company has agreed to pay Ramot royalties on Net Sales of the Licensed Product as follows:

a) So long as the making, producing, manufacturing, using, marketing, selling, importing or exporting (collectively, the “Commercialization”) of such Licensed Product is covered by a Valid Claim or is covered by Orphan Drug Status, the Company shall pay Ramot a royalty of 5% of the Net Sales received by the Company and resulting from such Commercialization; and

b) In the event the Commercialization of the Licensed Product is neither covered by a Valid Claim nor by Orphan Drug status, the Company shall pay Ramot a royalty of 3% of the Net Sales received by the Company resulting from such Commercialization. This royalty shall be paid from the First Commercial Sale of the Licensed Product and for a period of fifteen (15) years thereafter.

Capitalized terms set forth above which are not defined shall have the meanings attributed to them under the License Agreement.

13

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data and exercise prices)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 4 - SHORT TERM DEPOSITS

Short term deposits on March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 include bank deposits bearing annual interest rates varying from 0.15%to 1.66%, with maturities of up to 1.75 years as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

NOTE 5 - PREPAID EXPENSES

As of March 31, 2022, and as of December 31, 2021, prepaid expenses include director’s insurance of $724 and $1,086, respectively.

NOTE 6 - LEASES

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”) using the modified retrospective approach for all lease arrangements at the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company leases facilities, clinical research rooms, and vehicles under operating leases.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company’s ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases totaled $5,380 and $5,561, respectively. The impact of adopting the new lease standard was not material to the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations for the periods presented.

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases was as follows (unaudited):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022
Cash payments for operating leases	$	677

As of March 31, 2022, the Company’s operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 3.66 years and a weighted average discount rate of 6.74%. Future lease payments under operating leases as of March 31, 2022 were as follows:

	Operating
	Leases
Remainder of 2022		1,460
2023		1,165
2024		1,544
2025		1,287
2026		216
Total future lease payments		5,672
Less imputed interest		(111)
Total lease liability balance		5,561

NOTE 7 – STOCK CAPITAL

The rights of Common Stock are as follows:

Holders of the Company’s Common Stock have the right to receive notice to participate and vote in general meetings of the Company, the right to a share in the excess of assets upon liquidation of the Company and the right to receive dividends, if declared.

14

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data and exercise prices)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 7 – STOCK CAPITAL (Cont.):

Private placements and public offerings:

2018 Warrant Exercise Agreement:

On June 6, 2018, the Company entered into a Warrant Exercise Agreement (the “2018 Warrant Exercise Agreement”) with certain holders (the “2018 Warrant Holders”) of warrants (the “2015 Warrants”) to purchase Common Stock. The 2015 Warrants were originally issued in the Company’s January 8, 2015, private placement. Pursuant to the 2018 Warrant Exercise Agreement, the 2018 Warrant Holders exercised their 2015 Warrants for a total of 2,458,201 shares of Common Stock at an amended exercise price of $5 per share. The warrant exercises generated gross cash proceeds to the Company of $12.3 million. In addition, the Company issued new warrants to the 2018 Warrant Holders to purchase an aggregate 2,458,201 unregistered shares of Common Stock, at an exercise price of $9.00, with an expiration date of December 31, 2020 (the “2018 Warrants”). In connection with the issuance of the 2019 Warrants (described below), certain 2018 Warrants were amended on August 2, 2019, to reduce the exercise price to $7.00 per share and to extend the expiration date to December 31, 2021 (the “Amended 2018 Warrants”).

Between July 20, 2020, and July 24, 2020, 2018 Warrant Holders exercised an aggregate of 280,000 shares of the Amended 2018 Warrants (the “2018 Exercised Shares”), which exercises generated gross cash proceeds to the Company of $1,960,000.

The 2018 Warrants have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), or state securities laws. The shares issuable upon exercise of the Amended 2018 Warrants have been registered for resale on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-225995).  The exercised shares have been registered for resale on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-201704). The issuance of the exercised shares and 2018 Warrants was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to the exemption for transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Company made this determination based on the representations that each party is an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D.

2019 Warrant Exercise Agreement:

On August 2, 2019, the Company entered into a Warrant Exercise Agreement which generated gross cash proceeds to the Company of approximately $3.3 million. Pursuant to the agreement, certain holders (the “2019 Warrant Holders”) of the 2018 Warrants agreed to exercise 842,000 shares of Common Stock of their 2018 Warrants, at an amended exercise price of $3.90 per share, and the Company agreed to issue new warrant shares to the Holders to purchase 842,000 shares of Common Stock (the “2019 Warrants”), at an exercise price of $7.00, with an expiration date of December 31, 2021. The 2018 Warrants held by the 2019 Warrant Holders, to the extent not exercised, were also amended to reduce the exercise price to $7.00 per share and to extend the expiration date to December 31, 2021 (the “Amended 2018 Warrants”).

Between July 15, 2020, and July 24, 2020, 2019 Warrant Holders exercised an aggregate of 620,000 shares of the 2019 Warrants (the “2019 Exercised Shares”), which exercises generated gross cash proceeds to the Company of $ 4,340,000.

15

BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data and exercise prices)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 7 – STOCK CAPITAL (Cont.):

The Amended 2018 Warrants and 2019 Warrants have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), or state securities laws. The shares issuable upon exercise of the 2019 Warrants have been registered for resale on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-233349), and the shares issuable upon exercise of the Amended 2018 Warrants have been registered for resale on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-225995). The exercised shares have been registered for resale on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-225995). The issuance of the exercised shares, Amended 2018 Warrants and 2019 Warrants is exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to the exemption for transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Company made this determination based on the representations that each party is an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D.

At-the-market (ATM) Offerings:

On June 11, 2019, the Company entered into a distribution agreement with Raymond James & Associates, Inc. (“Raymond James”), pursuant to which the Company sold, through the Raymond James, shares of Common Stock having an aggregate offering amount of $20,000,000 (the “June 11, 2019 ATM”) in an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, by sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and Raymond James.

On March 6, 2020, the Company entered into a new distribution agreement with Raymond James (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company was able to sell from time to time, through the Agent, shares of Common Stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000,000 (the “March 6, 2020, ATM”). Sales under the March 6, 2020. ATM were made by any method permitted by law that is deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and Raymond James. Under the March 6, 2020, ATM, the Company sold an aggregate of 2,446,641 shares of Common Stock at an average price of $9.45 per share, raising gross proceeds of approximately $23.11 million.

On September 25, 2020, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with SVB Leerink LLC (“Leerink”) and Raymond James & Associates (together with Leerink, the “Agents”) pursuant to which the Company may sell from time to time, through the Agents, shares of Common Stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $45,000,000, which aggregate amount includes amount unsold pursuant to the March 6, 2020, ATM (the “September 25, 2020, ATM”). Sales under the September 25, 2020, ATM are to be made by any method permitted by law that is deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and the Agents. The Distribution Agreement amends and restates in its entirety the Company’s prior agreement with Raymond James entered into on March 6, 2020 (the “March 6, 2020, ATM”). The Company previously sold 2,446,641 shares of Common Stock for gross proceeds of approximately $23.11 million of Common Stock under the March 6, 2020, ATM. During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, the Company did not sell any additional shares of its Common Stock pursuant to the September 25, 2020, ATM. Since inception and as of September 30, 2021, the Company has sold 4,721,282 shares of Common Stock for gross proceeds of approximately $29.1 million under the September 25, 2020, ATM.

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BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data and exercise prices)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 7 – STOCK CAPITAL (Cont.):

The Company has no obligation under the September 25, 2020, ATM to sell any shares and may at any time suspend sales or terminate the September 25, 2020, ATM in accordance with its terms. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement, the Agents will use their commercially reasonable efforts to sell on the Company’s behalf, from time to time consistent with its normal sales and trading practices, such Shares based upon instructions from the Company (including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions the Company may impose). The Company has provided the Agents with customary indemnification rights, and the Agents will be entitled to a fixed commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from the Shares sold. The Distribution Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, and the Company is required to deliver customary closing documents and certificates in connection with sales of the Shares. Shares sold under the ATMs are issued pursuant to the Company’s existing Shelf Registration Statement, and the Prospectus Supplement to the Registration Statements filed June 11, 2019, March 6, 2020, and September 25, 2020, respectively.

On August 9, 2021, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement (the “New Distribution Agreement”) with the Agents pursuant to which the Company may sell from time to time, through the Agents, shares of Common Stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000 (the “August 9, 2021, ATM”). Sales under the August 9, 2021, ATM are to be made by any method permitted by law that is deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and the Agents. In connection with the New Distribution Agreement, the Company terminated the previous Distribution Agreement and the September 25, 2020 ATM. As of March 31, 2022, the Company did not sell any shares of its Common Stock pursuant to the August 9, 2021, ATM.

Registered Direct Offering:

On March 6, 2020, the Company entered into and closed a $10.0 million registered direct offering of 1,250,000 shares of common stock at a per share purchase price equal to $8.00.  The purchaser also received a three-year warrant to purchase up to 250,000 shares of Common Stock at any exercise price of $15.00 per share.

Capital Raised Since Inception:

Since its inception through March 31, 2022, the Company has raised approximately $151 million gross in cash in consideration for issuances of Common Stock and warrants in private placements and public offerings as well as proceeds from warrants exercises.

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BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data and exercise prices)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 7 – STOCK CAPITAL (Cont.):

Stock Plans:

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had outstanding awards for stock options under four stockholder approved plans: (i) the 2004 Global Stock Option Plan and the Israeli Appendix thereto (the “2004 Global Plan”) (ii) the 2005 U.S. Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2005 U.S. Plan,” and together with the 2004 Global Plan, the “Prior Plans”); (iii) the 2014 Global Share Option Plan and the Israeli Appendix thereto (which applies solely to participants who are residents of Israel) (the “2014 Global Plan”); and (iv) the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2014 U.S. Plan” and together with the 2014 Global Plan, the “2014 Plans”).  

The 2004 Global Plan and 2005 U.S. Plan expired on November 25, 2014, and March 28, 2015, respectively. Grants that were made under the Prior Plans remain outstanding pursuant to their terms. The 2014 Plans were approved by the stockholders on August 14, 2014 (at which time the Company ceased to issue awards under each of the 2005 U.S. Plan and 2004 Global Plan) and amended on June 21, 2016, and November 29, 2018. Unless otherwise stated, option grants prior to August 14, 2014, were made pursuant to the Company’s Prior Plans, and grants issued on or after August 14, 2014, were made pursuant to the Company’s 2014 Plans, and expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date. The 2014 Plans have a shared pool of 5,600,000 shares of Common Stock available for issuance. As of March 31, 2022, 3,037,962 shares were available for future issuances under the 2014 Plans. The exercise price of the options granted under the 2014 Plans may not be less than the nominal value of the shares into which such options are exercised. Any options under the 2014 Plans that are canceled or forfeited before expiration become available for future grants. The Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee (the “GNC Committee”) of the Board of Directors of the Company administers the Company’s stock incentive compensation and equity-based plans.

Share-based compensation to employees and to directors:

Under the 2014 Plans, the Company may award stock options to certain employees, officers, directors, and/or service providers. The stock options vest in accordance with such conditions and restrictions determined by the GNC Committee.

These conditions and restrictions may include the achievement of certain performance goals and/or continued employment with the Company through a specified period. Stock options awarded are valued based upon the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the Company recognizes this value as stock compensation expense over the periods in which the options vest. Use of the Black Scholes option-pricing model requires that the Company make certain assumptions, including expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected dividend yield, and the expected life of the options. The Company granted 26,400 stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

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BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data and exercise prices)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 7 – STOCK CAPITAL (Cont.):

A summary of the Company’s option activity related to options to employees and directors, and related information as of March 31, 2022, is as follows:

	For the Three months ended
	March 31, 2022
		Weighted
		average	Aggregate
	Amount of	exercise	intrinsic
	options *	price	value
		$	$
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	1,310,417	4.1734
Granted	26,400	3.0400
Outstanding at March 31, 2022	1,336,817	4.091	—
Exercisable at March 31, 2022	1,026.609	3.0351	333,549

*    Represents Employee Stock Options only (not including RSUs).

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value (the difference between the fair market value of the Company’s shares on March 31, 2022, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options on those dates) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on those dates.

As of March 31, 2022, there was $1,221 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested options under the Plan. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.53 years. Compensation expense recorded by the Company in respect of its stock-based employees and directors compensation awards in accordance with ASC 718-10 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 amounted to $287 and $224, respectively.

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BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data and exercise prices)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 7 - STOCK CAPITAL (Cont.):

Restricted Stock:

The Company awards stock and restricted stock to certain employees, officers, directors, and/or service providers. The restricted stock vests in accordance with such conditions and restrictions determined by the GNC Committee. These conditions and restrictions may include the achievement of certain performance goals and/or continued employment with the Company through a specified restricted period. The purchase price (if any) of shares of restricted stock is determined by the GNC Committee. If the performance goals and other restrictions are not attained, the grantee will automatically forfeit their unvested awards of restricted stock to the Company. Compensation expense for restricted stock is based on fair market value at the grant date.

			Weighted Average
			Remaining
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average	Contractual
	of Restricted	Grant Date Fair	Term
	Stock	Value	(Years)
Nonvested as of December 31, 2021	272,596	5.49	1.23
Granted	39,767	3.06
Vested	41,691	4.59
Nonvested as of March 31, 2022	270,672	5.28	1.33

Compensation expense recorded by the Company in respect of its stock and restricted stock awards to certain employees, officers, directors, and/or service providers for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 amounted to $218 and $64, respectively.

As of March 31, 2022, there was $765 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock under the Plan. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.36 years.

Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The total stock-based compensation expense, related to shares, options and warrants granted to employees, directors and service providers was comprised, at each period, as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Research and development	$	147	$	(65)
General and administrative		358		355
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	505	$	290

NOTE 8 - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, NET

Composition:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Research and development	$	2,616	$	4,807
Less: Participation by other grants	$	—	$	(466)
		2,616		4,341

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BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

U.S. dollars in thousands

(Except share data and exercise prices)

Notes to the Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 9 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In accordance with ASC 855 “Subsequent Events” the Company evaluated subsequent events through the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. The Company concluded that no other subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Company Overview

Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. is a leading biotechnology company committed to the development and commercialization of best-in-class autologous cellular therapies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (“ALS”, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease); Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (“PMS”); Alzheimer’s disease (“AD”); and other neurodegenerative diseases. NurOwn®, our proprietary cell therapy platform, leverages cell culture methods to induce autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to secrete high levels of neurotrophic factors (NTFs), modulate neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease processes, promote neuronal survival and improve neurological function.

NurOwn® has completed its Phase 3 ALS and Phase 2 PMS clinical trials. On November 17, 2020, we announced top-line data from our Phase 3 ALS trial. On March 24, 2021, we announced positive top-line data from our Phase 2 trial evaluating three repeated intrathecal administrations of NurOwn®, each given 2 months apart, as a treatment for PMS. On June 24, 2020, we announced a new clinical program focused on the development of NurOwn® as a treatment for AD. We are currently evaluating next steps based on emerging scientific insights and the rapidly changing regulatory landscape for AD following the recent FDA decision on Aducanumab.

Our wholly-owned Israeli subsidiary, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Ltd. (“Israeli Subsidiary”), holds exclusive rights to commercialize NurOwn® technology through a licensing agreement with Ramot (“Ramot”), the technology transfer company of Tel Aviv University, Israel.

NurOwn® has a strong and comprehensive intellectual property portfolio and was granted Fast Track designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Orphan Drug status by the FDA and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for ALS. For more information, visit Brainstorm’s website at www.brainstorm-cell.com.

Our human capital resource objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing, and integrating our existing and new employees, advisors and consultants. The principal purposes of our equity and cash incentive plans are to attract, retain and reward personnel through the granting of stock-based and cash-based compensation awards, in order to increase stockholder value and the success of our company by motivating such individuals to perform to the best of their abilities and achieve our objectives. We currently employ 43 employees in the United States and in Israel. Most of the senior management team is based in the United States, and all of our clinical trial sites for ALS and PMS are in the United States. Our R&D center is located in Petach Tikva, Israel. In addition, we currently lease two GMP manufacturing facilities in Jerusalem, Israel at Hadassah Medical Center and in Tel Aviv at the Sourasky Medical Center to manufacture NurOwn®. These two facilities more than doubled our capacity to manufacture and ship NurOwn® into the EU and local Israeli markets.

Continuing concerns resulting from the pandemic caused by the novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV 2 (COVID-19) disease, including the emergence of new variants, has currently impacted and may continue to adversely impact our business, including our preclinical studies and clinical trials. In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, surfaced in Wuhan, China. Since then, COVID-19 has spread worldwide, significantly impacting the United States, Europe and Israel, where the Company conducts its operations, as well as its clinical trials for NurOwn®. In response to the spread of COVID-19 and to ensure safety of employees and continuity of business operations, we closed our offices, with our administrative employees continuing their work remotely and limited the number of staff in any given research and development laboratory. Our research and development laboratory in Israel and manufacturing sites in U.S. and in Israel remained open. Post vaccination, our administrative offices in Israel and the U.S. are now open. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted at this time, including new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19, the actions taken to contain it or treat its impact and the economic impact on local, regional, national and international markets. Our management team is actively monitoring this situation and the possible effects on our financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce. For additional information on risks posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, please see Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors – Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

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Recent Highlights

● On July 23, 2020, we announced the results of a groundbreaking pre-clinical study of NurOwn® derived Exosome-based treatment for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Intratracheal administration of exosomes extracted from MSC-NTF cells (NurOwn®) resulted in statistically significant improvement in multiple lung parameters in a mouse model. With this study, the Company successfully completed its first milestone in developing an innovative exosome-based platform-technology for the treatment of severe COVID-19 related infection.

● On November 17, 2020, we announced top-line data from our Phase 3 ALS trial in the U.S. Results from the trial showed that NurOwn® was generally well tolerated in the population of rapidly progressing ALS patients. While showing a numerical improvement in the treated group compared to placebo across the primary and key secondary efficacy endpoints, the trial did not reach statistically significant results. In an important, pre-specified subgroup with early disease based on the ALSFRS-R baseline total score of 35, we believe NurOwn® demonstrated a clinically meaningful treatment response across the primary and key secondary endpoints and remained consistent with our pre-trial, data-derived assumption. In this subgroup, there were 34.6% responders who met the primary endpoint definition on NurOwn® and 15.6% on Placebo (p=0.288), and the average change from baseline to week 28 in ALSFRS-R total score was -1.77 on NurOwn® and -3.78 on Placebo (p=0.198), an improvement of 2.01 ALSFRS-R points favoring NurOwn®. No new safety concerns were identified. On February 22, 2021, we announced high-level FDA feedback on our NurOwn® ALS Clinical Development Program. The FDA concluded from their initial review that the current level of clinical data does not provide the threshold of substantial evidence that FDA is seeking to support a Biologics License Application (BLA). In addition, the FDA advised that this recommendation does not preclude Brainstorm from proceeding with a BLA submission. We are in active consultation with principal investigators, ALS experts, expert statisticians, regulatory advisors, and ALS advocacy groups to assess the benefit/risk of a BLA submission before making a final decision.

● On January 20, 2021, we announced the peer-reviewed publication of a preclinical study in the journal Stem Cell and Research Therapy. The study, entitled “MSC-NTF (NurOwn®) exosomes: a novel therapeutic modality in the mouse LPS-induced ARDS model,” evaluated the use of NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cell) derived exosomes in a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

● On February 9, 2021, we announced feedback from our Type-C Meeting with FDA to review specific aspects of our planned manufacturing modifications to support the development of a semi-automated manufacturing process for NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells).

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● On March 24, 2021, we announced positive top-line data in our Phase 2 Study trial evaluating three repeated administrations of NurOwn®, each given 2 months apart, as a treatment for PMS. The 28-week open-label Phase 2 clinical trial enrolled 20 primary and secondary PMS patients based on the 2017 revised McDonald Criteria, ages 18-65, with baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores between 3-6.5, without evidence of relapse within 6 months of enrollment, able to walk 25 feet in 60 seconds or less and were permitted to be on a stable dose of disease modifying therapy. Of the 20 patients enrolled, 18 were treated and 16 (80%) completed the study. Two patients discontinued related to procedure-related AEs. There were no study deaths or AEs related to multiple sclerosis worsening. The mean age of study patients was 47, 56% were female, and mean baseline EDSS score was 5.4. The clinical trial compared clinical efficacy outcomes with a 48-patient matched clinical cohort from the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigations in MS at the Brigham & Woman’s Hospital (CLIMB Study). MS Function and Cognition measures in the top-line results included the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW); 9-hole peg test (9-HPT); Low Contrast Letter Acuity (LCLA); Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT); and the 12 item MS Walking Scale (MSWS-12).  Prespecified response thresholds of 25% improvement in the T25FW and 9-HPT from baseline to 28 weeks were observed in 14% and 13% of NurOwn® treated patients, respectively, and were observed in 0% of the pre-specified matched historical controls in the CLIMB registry. Thirty eight percent of NurOwn® treated patients showed at least a 10-point improvement in the MSWS-12 from baseline to week 28, a patient-reported outcome that evaluates walking function.  In addition, 47% of treated patients showed at least an 8-letter improvement across 28 weeks in the LCLA, a visual function test, and 67% showed at least a 3-point improvement in the SDMT, a measure of cognitive processing. In addition, NurOwn® treated patients showed a mean improvement from baseline of 10% in T25FW and a 4.8% improvement from baseline on the 9-HPT dominant hand, compared to 1.8% and 1.4% worsening respectively in matched historical controls from the CLIMB registry. Also, NurOwn® treated patients showed a 6% improvement from baseline in MSWS-12. All results reported are based on observed data. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were obtained at 3 consecutive time points, just prior to each intrathecal administration of NurOwn®. We observed increases in neuroprotective molecules (VEGF, HGF) and decreases in neuroinflammatory biomarkers (MCP-1, and Osteopontin) in the CSF samples. Additionally, we recently completed analyses of secondary efficacy data, and detailed CSF and blood biomarker analyses. As described further, below, we presented a detailed summary of the study outcomes at the 37th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) on October 14, 2021 and intend to publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal. We are currently considering how best to advance NurOwn® as an innovative treatment option in PMS.

● On May 25, 2021, we presented preclinical data at the ISCT 2021 New Orleans Virtual Meeting demonstrating that intrathecal administration of NurOwn-derived exosomes resulted in statistically significant improvements in multiple lung parameters in a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

● On June 15, 2021, we announced the expansion of our IP Portfolio with the grant and allowance of multiple patents and applications in major markets. These included EU patent No. 2880151, Hong-Kong patent No. HK1209453, Israel patent application No. 246943, Canadian patent application No. 2,937,305, U.S. patent No. 10,869,899, U.S. patent application No. 16/047,129. For more details, please refer to our “Intellectual Property” section below.

● On July 27, 2021, we announced approval of GMP certification by the Israel Ministry of Health (MOH) for three state-of-the-art cleanrooms leased by the Company at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (“Sourasky Hospital”). The GMP approval confirms that these cleanrooms are compliant with Israeli GMPs, which are aligned with European Union (EU) GMPs, and more than doubles the Company’s capacity to manufacture and ship NurOwn® into the EU and local Israeli markets.

● On August 9, 2021, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement (the “New Distribution Agreement”) with the Agents pursuant to which the Company may sell from time to time, through the Agents, shares of Common Stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000 (the “August 9, 2021, ATM”). Sales under the August 9, 2021, ATM are to be made by any method permitted by law that is deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and the Agents. In connection with the New Distribution Agreement, the Company terminated the previous Distribution Agreement and the September 25, 2020, ATM. During the quarter ended December 31, 2021, the Company did not sell any shares of its Common Stock pursuant to the August 9, 2021, ATM.

● On October 8, 2021, Dr. James Berry, Winthrop Family Scholar in ALS Sciences, Director of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) multidisciplinary ALS clinic and Chief of the Division of ALS and Motor Neuron Diseases and principal investigator on the Phase 3 trial of NurOwn® in ALS, presented a poster titled “CSF biomarker correlations with primary outcome in NurOwn® Phase 3 clinical trial” at the 2021 Northeast Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Consortium® (NEALS)

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conference.  The presentation highlighted changes in CSF biomarkers that demonstrate high accuracy in predicting the primary clinical outcome using an unbiased stepwise logistic regression analysis.

● On October 14, 2021, Dr. Jeffery Cohen, Director of Experimental Therapeutics at the Cleveland Clinic Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, presented findings from the Phase 2 PMS study as an oral presentation at the fully digital 37th Congress of the ECTRIMS. Data from the study showed that it achieved the primary endpoint of safety and tolerability. The data also showed a reduction of neuroinflammatory biomarkers and an increase in neuroprotective biomarkers in the CSF and consistent improvement across multiple sclerosis functional outcome measures, including measures of walking, upper extremity function, vision and cognition, with NurOwn® treatment.

● On November 30, 2021, Dr. Jonathan Katz, principal investigator on the Phase 3 trial of NurOwn® in ALS, Chair of the Neurology Department and Director of the Forbes Norris ALS Clinic at the California Pacific Medical Center, presented new analyses from the trial at the 4th Annual ALS ONE Research Symposia. Pre-specified and post hoc analyses leveraging the published ENCALS model demonstrated a potential NurOwn-induced treatment effect on ALS disease progression in trial participants with less severe disease and showed that this effect was protected by randomization.

● On December 7, 2021, Dr. Robert Brown, Director of the Program in Neurotherapeutics at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, and principal investigator in the Phase 3 trial of NurOwn® in ALS, presented at the 32^nd International Symposium on ALS/MND.  The presentation, titled “NurOwn® targets multiple disease pathways in ALS Phase 3 Trial” focused on biomarker data that suggest that NurOwn® drives significant changes in biomarkers across ALS disease pathways which may be important for achieving clinical outcomes.

● On December 7, 2021, we finalized the technology transfer for NurOwn® manufacturing to Catalent, which allows for continuous supply of NurOwn® for future clinical trials and initial commercialization, if approved.

● On December 13, 2021, we announced the peer reviewed publication of Phase 3 clinical data in Muscle and Nerve. The paper, entitled "A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced to Secrete High Levels of Neurotrophic Factors in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis," reported data from the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of repeat doses of NurOwn® in patients with ALS. Although previously announced results showed that the trial did not reach statistical significance on the primary or secondary endpoints, pre-specified and post hoc analyses featured in the publication show a greater NurOwn-induced treatment effect across primary and secondary efficacy outcomes in trial participants with less advanced disease.

● On December 27, 2021, the FDA recommended that Brainstorm submit an Expanded Access Protocol amendment to provide additional dosing of NurOwn® for these participants.

● On January 27, 2022, Dr. Ralph Kern, President and Chief Medical Officer at Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, gave a presentation titled “NurOwn® Phase 3 ALS Clinical Trial Update” at the Virtual 12^th Annual California ALS Research Summit.

● On March 16, 2022, Dr. Merit Cudkowicz, Chief of Neurology at Massachusetts General Hospital, Julieanne Dorn Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School, Director of the Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Massachusetts General Hospital and principal investigator in the Phase 3 trial of NurOwn® in ALS, delivered a late breaking oral presentation at the 2022 Muscular Dystrophy and Association Clinical and Scientific Conference.  The presentation, titled “Relationship UNC13A Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms to Clinical Outcomes in NurOwn® Phase 3 ALS Clinical Trial” focused on pre-specified genetic analyses from the NurOwn® Phase 3 trial in ALS which suggests that NurOwn® treatment may influence disease progression in patients who possess the UNC13A risk allele.

● On April 24-26, 2022, Dr. James Berry, Winthrop Family Scholar in ALS Sciences, Director of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) multidisciplinary ALS clinic and Chief of the Division of ALS and Motor Neuron Diseases, Boston MA, presented a scientific abstract titled “CSF Biomarkers Evaluated by Principal Component Analysis in a NurOwn® Phase 3 Clinical Trial” at the AAN 2022 Virtual Congress.

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NurOwn® Proprietary Technology

NurOwn® technology is based on an innovative manufacturing protocol, which induces the differentiation of purified and expanded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (“MSC”) and consistently generates cells that release high levels of multiple neurotrophic factors (“MSC-NTF” cells) to modulate neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease processes, promote neuronal survival and improve neurological function. These factors are known to be critical for the growth, survival and differentiation of neurons, including: glial-derived neurotrophic factor (“GDNF”); brain-derived neurotrophic factor (“BDNF”); vascular endothelial growth factor (“VEGF”); and hepatocyte growth factor (“HGF”), among others. VEGF is one of the most potent neuronal and motor neuron survival factors and has demonstrated important neuroprotective effects in ALS and several other neurodegenerative diseases.

NurOwn® manufacturing involves a multi-step process that includes the following: harvesting and isolating undifferentiated stem cells from the patient’s own bone marrow; processing of cells at the manufacturing site; cryopreservation of MSC to enable multiple treatments from a single bone marrow sample; and intrathecal (“IT”) administration of MSC-NTF cells into the same patient by standard lumbar puncture. This administration procedure does not require hospitalization and has been shown to be generally well tolerated in multiple CNS clinical trials to date. The completed NurOwn® U.S. Phase 3 ALS and the NurOwn® U.S. Phase 2 PMS trials evaluated the therapeutic potential of repeated intrathecal MSC-NTF cell administration (three doses at bi-monthly intervals). We are actively reviewing the opportunity in Alzheimer’s Disease and will consider the best course of action based on recent scientific and regulatory insights.

The proprietary technology and manufacturing processing of NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells) for clinical use is conducted in full compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practice (“cGMP”). The NurOwn® proprietary technology is fully owned or developed by our Israeli Subsidiary. All granted patents related to NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells) manufacturing process are fully assigned to or owned by our Israeli Subsidiary (please see Intellectual Property section for details).

The NurOwn® Transplantation Process

● Bone marrow aspiration from the patient;

● MSC Isolation and propagation;

● MSC Cryopreservation;

● MSC thawing and differentiation into neurotrophic-factor secreting (MSC-NTF; NurOwn®) cells; and

● Intrathecal administration into the patient’s cerebrospinal fluid by standard lumbar puncture.

Differentiation before Transplantation

We believe that the ability to induce autologous adult mesenchymal stem cells into differentiated MSC-NTF cells makes NurOwn® uniquely suited for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

The specialized MSC-NTF cells secrete multiple neurotrophic factors and immunomodulatory cytokines that may result in:

● Protection of existing neurons;

● Promotion of neuronal repair;

● Neuronal functional improvement; and

● Immunomodulation and reduced neuroinflammation.

Autologous (Self-transplantation)

The NurOwn® technology platform is autologous, using the patient’s own bone-marrow derived stem cells for “self-transplantation.” In autologous cellular treatment, there is no introduction of unrelated donor antigens that may lead to alloimmunity, no risk of rejection, and no need for treatment with immunosuppressive agents, which can cause severe and/or long-term side effects. In addition, the use of adult stem cells is free of several ethical concerns associated with the use of embryonic-derived stem cells in some countries.

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NurOwn® ALS Clinical Program

We announced top-line data from the Phase 3 clinical trial of NurOwn® in ALS on November 17, 2020. We have been granted Fast Track designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for this indication, and have been granted Orphan Drug Status, in the U.S. and Europe, which provides us the potential for an extended period of exclusivity.

Phase 1/2 ALS Open Label Trials

We have completed two early stage Phase 1/2 and 2 open-label clinical trials of NurOwn® in patients with ALS at the Hadassah Medical Center (“Hadassah”) in Jerusalem, Israel, as well as a Phase 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial at three prestigious U.S. Medical centers - the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston, Massachusetts Memorial Hospital in Worcester, Massachusetts, and the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota - all highly experienced in the management and investigation of ALS.

The first two open-label trials were approved by the Israeli MoH. The first-in-human trial, a Phase 1 safety and efficacy trial of NurOwn® administered either intramuscularly or intrathecally in 12 ALS patients, was initiated in June 2011. In the Phase 2 dose-escalating study, 14 ALS patients were administered NurOwn® by a combined route of intramuscular and intrathecal administration. These studies demonstrated the safety of NurOwn® by both routes of administration and showed preliminary signs of efficacy.

In January 2016, the results of the two completed Phase 1/2 study and Phase 2 open label trials were published in JAMA Neurology. The results demonstrated a slower rate of disease progression following MSC-NTF cell transplantation as measured by the ALSFRS-R, the gold standard for the evaluation of ALS functional status, and Forced Vital Capacity (“FVC”), a measure of pulmonary function, as well as positive trends in the rate of decline of muscle volume and the compound motor axon potential (“CMAPs”). This was the first published clinical data using autologous mesenchymal stem cells, induced under culture conditions to produce NTFs, with the potential to deliver a combined neuroprotective and immunomodulatory therapeutic effect in ALS and potentially modify the course of this disease.

Phase 2 ALS Randomized Trial

The Phase 2 U.S. study was conducted under an FDA Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multi-center U.S. Phase 2 clinical trial evaluating NurOwn® in ALS patients was conducted at three clinical sites: (i) the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston, (ii) Massachusetts Memorial Hospital in Worcester, Massachusetts, and (iii) the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. For this trial, NurOwn® was manufactured at the Connell and O’Reilly Cell Manipulation Core Facility at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston and at the Human Cellular Therapy Lab at the Mayo Clinic. In this study, 48 patients were randomized 3:1 to receive NurOwn® or placebo.

Results of this Phase 2 Study were published in the peer reviewed Journal ‘Neurology’. The publication entitled “NurOwn, Phase 2, Randomized, Clinical Trial in Patients with ALS: Safety, Clinical, and Biomarker Results” was published in December 2019.

Key findings from the trial were as follows:

The study achieved its primary objective, demonstrating that NurOwn® transplantation was well-tolerated. There were no discontinuations from the trial due to AEs and there were no deaths in the study. The most common adverse events (mild or moderate severity), were transient procedure-related AEs such as headache, back pain, pyrexia arthralgia and injection-site discomfort, which were more commonly seen in the NurOwn®-treated participants compared to placebo.

NurOwn® achieved multiple secondary efficacy endpoints, showing evidence of a clinically meaningful benefit. Notably, response rates in the ALS functional rating scale (48-point ALSFRS-R outcome measure) were higher in NurOwn®-treated participants, compared to placebo, at all study timepoints over 24 weeks.

A pre-specified responder analysis examined percentage improvements in the post treatment ALSFRS-R slope (in points change per month) compared to pre-treatment slope and demonstrated that a higher proportion of NurOwn® treated participants achieved a 100% improvement in the post-treatment vs. pre-treatment slope, compared to the placebo group. This analysis also demonstrated that a higher proportion of the NurOwn® treated participants achieved a 1.5 point per month or greater improvement in the post-treatment vs. pre-treatment ALSFRS-R slope, compared to the placebo group.

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The treatment effects were greater in the rapid progressor subgroup (in which pretreatment ALSFRS-R declined by 2 or more points in the three months pre-treatment).

As an important confirmation of NurOwn®’s mechanism of action, levels of neurotrophic factors and inflammatory markers were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (“CSF”) samples collected from participants pre and two weeks post treatment. In the samples of those participants treated with NurOwn®, statistically significant increases in levels of neurotrophic factors VEGF, HGF and LIF and a statistically significant reduction in inflammatory markers MCP-1, SDF-1 and CHIT-1 were observed post-treatment. Furthermore, the observed reduction in inflammatory markers correlated with ALS functional improvements.  These clinical-biomarker correlations were not seen in placebo-treated participants, consistent with the proposed combined neuroprotective and immunomodulatory mechanism of action of NurOwn® in ALS.

In summary, a higher proportion of NurOwn® treated participants, particularly those with more rapid disease progression, experienced stabilization or improvement in ALS function, as measured by the post-treatment vs. pre-treatment ALSFRS-R slope change.

Phase 3 ALS Clinical Trial

Following successful completion of the Phase 2 study, we conducted a Phase 3 trial (a multi-dose double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial protocol) that was designed to generate data to potentially support a Biologic License Application (“BLA”) submission in the U.S. for NurOwn® in ALS. In October 2019, the clinical trial completed enrollment of an enriched patient population of rapid progressors based on superior outcomes observed in the Phase-2 pre-specified sub-group. The study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03280056).

We announced top-line data from our Phase 3 ALS trial on November 17, 2020. Results from the trial showed that NurOwn® was generally well tolerated in the population of rapidly progressing ALS patients. However, the trial did not reach statistically significant results. No new safety concerns were identified. On February 9, 2021, we announced feedback from our Type-C Meeting with FDA to review specific aspects of our planned manufacturing modifications to support the development of a semi-automated commercial manufacturing process for NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cell). On February 22, 2021, we announced high-level FDA feedback on NurOwn® ALS clinical development program. The FDA concluded from their initial review that the clinical data provided at the time did not provide the threshold of substantial evidence that FDA seeks to support a BLA. In addition, the FDA advised that this recommendation does not preclude the Company from proceeding with a BLA submission. We are in active consultation with principal investigators, ALS experts, expert statisticians, regulatory advisors, and ALS advocacy groups to assess the benefit/risk of a BLA submission before making a final decision.

Key findings from the trial were as follows:

● NurOwn® was generally well tolerated in this population of rapidly progressing ALS patients.

● While showing a numerical improvement in the treated group compared to placebo across the primary and key secondary efficacy endpoints, the trial did not reach statistically significant results.

● The primary efficacy endpoint, a responder analysis evaluating the proportion of participants who experienced a 1.25 points per month improvement in the post-treatment ALSFRS-R slope compared to pre-treatment, was powered on assumed treatment response rates of 35% on NurOwn® versus 15% on Placebo. These estimates were based on available historical clinical trial data and the NurOwn® Phase 2 data. The primary endpoint was achieved in 32.6% of NurOwn® participants versus 27.7% for Placebo (p=0.453). Therefore, the trial met the expected ~35% NurOwn® treatment group efficacy response assumption, however the high placebo response exceeded the placebo response expected based on contemporary ALS trials.

● The secondary efficacy endpoint measuring average change in ALSFRS-R total score from baseline to Week 28, was -5.52 with NurOwn® versus -5.88 on Placebo, a difference of 0.36 (p= 0.693).

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● In an important, pre-specified subgroup early in the disease course based on ALSFRS-R baseline score greater than 35, NurOwn® demonstrated a clinically meaningful treatment response across the primary and key secondary endpoints and remained consistent with our pre-trial, data-derived assumptions. In this subgroup, there were 34.6% responders who met the primary endpoint definition on NurOwn® and 15.6% on Placebo (p=0.288), and the average change from baseline to week 28 in ALSFRS-R total score was -1.77 on NurOwn® and -3.78 on Placebo (p=0.198), an improvement of 2.01 ALSFRS-R points favoring NurOwn®.

● The NurOwn® Phase 3 trial enrolled a broad set of participants, including some with advanced ALS disease (ALSFRS-R≤25), making this trial subject to the impact of floor effects and reduced ALSFRS-R sensitivity.  A post-hoc analysis was done using participants with baseline ALSFRS-R>25 for the primary endpoint and the % response for NurOwn® was 34.7% and 20.5% for Placebo, p=0.053.  This analysis suggests a treatment effect with NurOwn® in participants with less advanced disease. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker analyses confirmed that treatment with NurOwn® resulted in a statistically significant increase of neurotrophic factors (VEGF) and reduction in neurodegenerative (neurofilament) and neuroinflammatory biomarkers (MCP-1) that was not observed in the placebo treatment group.

● Pre-specified statistical modeling designed to predict clinical response with high sensitivity and specificity based on ALS biomarkers and ALS Function confirmed that NurOwn® treatment outcomes could be predicted by baseline ALS function as well as key CSF neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory biomarkers.

On October 6, 2021, we announced that a scientific abstract titled “CSF biomarker correlations with primary outcome in NurOwn® Phase 3 clinical trial” would be presented as a scientific poster at the fully digital 2021 Northeast Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Consortium® (NEALS) conference.  The presentation was delivered October 6 by James Berry, M.D. MPH, Winthrop Family Scholar in ALS Sciences, Director of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) multidisciplinary ALS clinic and Chief of the Division of ALS and Motor Neuron Diseases, Boston MA.  The presentation highlighted CSF biomarkers that demonstrate high accuracy in predicting the primary clinical outcome using an unbiased stepwise logistic regression analysis.

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NurOwn® Clinical Manufacturing

We have developed a validated cryopreservation process for the long-term storage of MSC, that allows multiple doses of NurOwn® to be created from a single bone marrow harvest procedure in the multi-dose clinical trials and to avoid the need for patients to undergo repeated bone marrow aspiration. A validation study was conducted in 2017 comparing NurOwn® derived from fresh MSC to those derived from cryopreserved MSC. Company scientists were successful in showing that the MSC can be stored in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen for prolonged periods of time, while maintaining their characteristics. Cryopreserved MSC are capable of differentiating into NurOwn®, similar to the NurOwn® derived from fresh MSC from the same patient/donor, prior to cryopreservation and maintain their key functional properties including immunomodulation and neurotrophic factor secretion.

We contracted with City of Hope’s Center for Biomedicine and Genetics to manufacture clinical supplies of NurOwn® adult stem cells for our Phase 3 clinical study. City of Hope supported the manufacturing of NurOwn® and placebo for the participants treated in the Phase 3 study. The Connell and O’Reilly Cell Manipulation Core Facility at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) in Boston was also contracted to manufacture NurOwn® and placebo for our Phase 3 ALS clinical study participants and commenced manufacturing in October 2018. DFCI core manufacturing facility also supplied NurOwn® for our Phase 2 PMS study.

On October 22, 2020, we announced a partnership with Catalent, the leading global provider of advanced delivery technologies, to manufacture NurOwn®, which has been evaluated for the treatment of ALS in our Phase 3 clinical trial. If we decide to file a BLA and are granted approval, Catalent will be our partner for manufacturing commercial quantities of NurOwn® to treat patients with ALS. Our technology transfer to Catalent has been successfully completed and will allow for continuous supply of NurOwn® for the Expanded Access program and for future clinical trials. Our partnership with R&D to help us establish in-house manufacturing capabilities will accelerate once a regulatory pathway is clear.

We currently lease two GMP manufacturing facilities in Jerusalem, Israel at Hadassah Medical Center and in Tel Aviv at the Sourasky Medical Center to manufacture NurOwn®. These two facilities more than doubled our capacity to manufacture and ship NurOwn® into the EU and local Israeli markets.  In addition, we currently lease a GMP certified manufacturing facility in Jerusalem, Israel. On July 27, 2021, we announced the approval of GMP certification for a second production site in Israel from the Israel Ministry of Health (MOH) for three state-of-the-art cleanrooms leased by us at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (“Sourasky Hospital”). The GMP approval confirms that these cleanrooms are compliant with Israeli GMPs, which are aligned with European Union (EU) GMPs, and more than doubles the Company’s capacity to manufacture and ship NurOwn® into the EU and local Israeli markets.  These partnerships will ensure an ongoing cGMP clinical supply of NurOwn® and enable us to provide rapid treatment access to patients if we obtain regulatory approval.

On December 7^th, 2021, we and Catalent announced completion of technology transfer for NurOwn® manufacturing at the Catalent’s cell therapy facility in Houston, Texas.

Catalent Houston is currently manufacturing NurOwn® for the Expanded Access Program. As of March 31, 2022, the first two participants have been treated with NurOwn® that was manufactured at Catalent.

Meetings with the FDA and FDA Senior Management

In July 2019, the Brainstorm management team was invited to participate in a special in-person, high-level meeting with the senior management of the FDA Drug and Biologics Centers and, ‘I AM ALS’, a grassroots ALS advocacy group advocating for an ALS cure. FDA’s Dr. Peter Marks, Director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) and Dr. Janet Woodcock Director of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) were in attendance with senior FDA staff. Brainstorm’s Phase 3 ALS principal Investigators Dr. Robert Brown (Massachusetts Memorial Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts) and Dr. Merit Cudkowicz (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston) joined by teleconference. The meeting’s purpose was to discuss Brainstorm’s ongoing Phase 3 ALS clinical trial as well as efforts to speed treatment access to the ALS patient community. The meeting enabled an open and effective dialogue between the FDA and Brainstorm, setting the stage for future meetings to explore practical options to quickly bring our investigational treatment to those living with ALS.

On February 11, 2020, we announced that we held a high-level meeting with the FDA to discuss potential NurOwn® regulatory pathways for approval in ALS. In the planned meeting with senior CBER leadership and several leading U.S. ALS experts, the FDA confirmed that the Phase 3 ALS trial was collecting relevant data critical to the assessment of NurOwn® efficacy. The FDA indicated that they would look at the “totality of the evidence” in the expected Phase 3 clinical trial data.

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On February 9, 2021, we announced feedback on a Type-C Meeting with FDA on future NurOwn® manufacturing plans and to review specific aspects of our planned manufacturing modifications to support the development of a semi-automated commercial manufacturing process for NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cell). The meeting included a detailed review of the requirements for comparability testing to support future modifications along with geographic considerations in the sourcing of starting materials and future manufacturing production. We plan to incorporate feedback from the FDA meeting and our experience from Phase 3 manufacturing to finalize a robust comparability plan that could enable semiautomatic manufacturing to be introduced at the appropriate time in the future. We also plan to finalize the remaining steps necessary to proceed with running NurOwn® validation batches. The FDA also provided comments on several key aspects of the current manufacturing process, which we will use as we continue our work to enable operations at our commercial manufacturing partner, Catalent.

On February 22, 2021, we announced high-level FDA feedback on NurOwn® ALS Clinical Development Program. The FDA concluded from their initial review that the current level of clinical data does not provide the threshold of substantial evidence that FDA is seeking to support a BLA. In addition, the FDA advised that this recommendation does not preclude the Company from proceeding with a BLA submission. We are in active consultation with principal investigators, ALS experts, expert statisticians, regulatory advisors, and ALS advocacy groups to find the best path forward to provide NurOwn® for ALS patients.

ALS Expanded Access Program

On December 14, 2020, we announced the NurOwn® Expanded Access Program (EAP) through which NurOwn® will be made available for ALS patients who completed all Phase 3 scheduled treatments and follow-up assessments and meet specific eligibility criteria.

The protocol for the EAP was developed in partnership with the FDA to provide access to NurOwn® for Phase 3 clinical trial participants who meet specific eligibility criteria. Initially, patients less severely affected by ALS, as measured by ALSFRS-R, will be the first to receive treatment. This approach is informed by recently announced top-line data from the Company’s Phase 3 clinical trial. According to the FDA, EAPs, alternatively known as “compassionate use” programs, provide a pathway for patients to receive an investigational medicine for a serious disease or condition outside of a clinical trial.

Through the EAP, the six clinical centers participating in the Phase 3 NurOwn® trial each had the opportunity to treat ALS patients who completed the trial. These six centers are: University of California, Irvine; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; California Pacific Medical Center; Massachusetts General Hospital; University of Massachusetts Medical School; and the Mayo Clinic. EAP treatment of ALS patients who have completed the Phase 3 clinical trial will not interfere with data or regulatory timelines. The Cell Manipulation Core Facility (CMCF) at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute manufactured the investigational therapy, assisted by on-site Brainstorm personnel.

In the course of 2021, 10 eligible patients that had completed the Phase 3 study, were enrolled in the EAP at the six participating medical centers to receive three additional doses of NurOwn® eight weeks apart. Eight patients completed the program receiving all three treatment doses.  Two participants withdrew consent after receiving two treatment doses. There were no serious adverse events (SAEs) in the treated participants.

On December 27, 2021, we announced plans for a dosing extension of NurOwn® for participants who completed the Expanded Access Protocol. The FDA recommended that Brainstorm submit an EAP protocol amendment to provide additional dosing for these participants. Under the original EAP protocol, participants who had completed the Phase 3 NurOwn® trial and who met specific eligibility criteria had the opportunity to receive 3 doses of NurOwn®. Under the amended EAP protocol, these eligible participants will receive up to 3 additional doses. Data collected from the original EAP treatments informed the decision to move forward with additional doses for participants who completed it. Eligible participants are currently enrolling. As of May 31, 2022, the first two patients have been treated with NurOwn® manufactured at the Catalent Houston manufacturing site.

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Patient Access Programs (ALS)

The Company, had worked collaboratively with the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov Hospital), to treat ALS patients with NurOwn®, under the Israel Hospital Exemption (HE) regulatory pathway for Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP), which was adopted by the Israeli MoH from the EMA regulation. Between Q1, 2019 and Q1, 2022, the Company enrolled and treated 12 ALS patients with NurOwn®, under the HE pathway. Thus far, the Company has received $3.4 million in gross proceeds in connection with the treatment of the aforementioned patients.

NurOwn® in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PMS)

On December 15, 2018, the FDA approved the Company’s IND to conduct a Phase 2 open-label trial of repeated intrathecal administration of NurOwn® in PMS (www.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT03799718). The study entitled “A Phase 2, open-label, multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeated administration of NurOwn® (Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secreting Neurotrophic Factors; MSC-NTF cells) in participants with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PMS)” was designed to recruit 20 PMS participants at 5 leading U.S. Multiple Sclerosis centers.

On December 18, 2019, the clinical trial independent Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) for the U.S. Phase 2 PMS study completed the first, pre-specified interim analysis, of safety outcomes for the first 9 participants enrolled in the study. After careful review of all available clinical trial data, the DSMB unanimously concluded “the study should continue as planned without any protocol modification”.

In August 2021, the clinical trial independent Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) for the U.S. Phase 2 PMS study issued an end-of-study statement concluding that, based on the data, the procedures and treatment involved in BCT-101-US were relatively safe and tolerable. Given that the study was “open-label” with no active comparator arm(s), it was not possible to evaluate efficacy, except through comparison to non-contemporaneous natural history data sets or to prior clinical trials of similar populations. Therefore, no evaluation of potential risk/benefit could be done.

Phase 2 PMS Clinical Trial

On March 24, 2021, the Company announced positive top-line data in the Phase 2 study evaluating three repeated administrations of NurOwn®, each given 2 months apart, as a treatment for PMS. The 28-week open-label Phase 2 clinical trial enrolled 20 primary and secondary progressive MS patients based on the 2017 revised McDonald Criteria, ages 18-65, with baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores between 3-6.5, without evidence of relapse within 6 months of enrollment, able to walk 25 feet in 60 seconds or less and were permitted to be on a stable dose of disease modifying therapy. Of the 20 patients enrolled, 18 were treated and 16 (80%) completed the study.  Two patients discontinued related to procedure-related AEs. There were no study deaths or AEs related to multiple sclerosis worsening. The mean age of study patients was 47, 56% were female, and mean baseline EDSS score was 5.4. The clinical trial compared clinical efficacy outcomes with a 48-patient matched clinical cohort from the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigations in MS at the Brigham & Woman’s Hospital (CLIMB Study). MS Function and Cognition measures in the top-line results included the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW); 9-hole peg test (9-HPT); Low Contrast Letter Acuity (LCLA); Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT); and the 12 item MS Walking Scale (MSWS-12).

Key findings from the trial were as follows:

● Prespecified 25% improvements in the timed T25FW and 9-HPT (combined average) from baseline to 28 weeks were observed in 14% and 13% of NurOwn® treated patients, respectively, and improvement in 9-HPT (combined average) was observed in 0% of the pre-specified matched historical controls in the CLIMB registry.

● 38% of NurOwn® treated patients showed at least a 10-point improvement in the MSWS-12 from baseline to week 28, a patient reported outcome that evaluates walking function.

● 47% of NurOwn® treated patients showed at least an 8-letter improvement across 28 weeks in the LCLA binocular 1.25%, a visual function test. Additionally, 27% of NurOwn® treated patients showed at least an 8-letter improvement across 28 weeks in the LCLA binocular 2.5%,

● 67% of NurOwn® treated patients showed at least a 3-point improvement in the SDMT, a measure of cognitive processing.

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● NurOwn® treated patients showed a mean improvement from baseline of 10% in T25FW and a 4.8% improvement from baseline on the 9-HPT dominant hand, compared to 1.8% and 1.4% worsening respectively in matched historical controls from the CLIMB registry.

● NurOwn® treated patients showed a 6% improvement from baseline in MSWS-12.

All results reported are based on observed data. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were obtained at 3 consecutive time points, just prior to each intrathecal administration of NurOwn®. We observed increases in neuroprotective molecules (VEGF, HGF) and decreases in neuroinflammatory biomarkers (MCP-1, and Osteopontin).

Additionally, we completed secondary efficacy data and detailed CSF and blood biomarker analyses. We presented a detailed summary of the study outcomes at the 37th Congress of the ECTRIMS on October 14, 2021 and expect to publish our findings in a peer reviewed journal and consider how best to advance NurOwn® as an innovative treatment option in PMS.

On November 14, 2019, we received a $495,330 grant from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, through its Fast Forward program, to advance Brainstorm’s Phase 2 open-label, multicenter clinical trial of repeated intrathecal administration of NurOwn® in participants with progressive Multiple Sclerosis. As of March 31, 2022, we received $396,264 on account of the grant.

NurOwn® in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

On June 24, 2020, we announced a new clinical program focused on the development of NurOwn® as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, or AD. We are currently evaluating next steps based on emerging scientific insights and the changing regulatory landscape for AD following the recent FDA decision on Aducanumab.

While many Alzheimer’s therapies have focused on a single target such as tau or beta-amyloid, we believe NurOwn® has the capability to simultaneously target multiple relevant biological pathways and bring a comprehensive approach to this multifactorial disease. Importantly, NurOwn®’s mechanism of action may allow the therapy to enable synergistic combinations with anti-tau or anti-beta-amyloid treatments, further underscoring its potential to address critical unmet needs in AD. In such a complex disease, addressing inflammation and neuroprotection is an innovative approach and a first in the world for this technology.

Non-Dilutive Funding

In July 2017, we were awarded a grant in the amount of $15,912,390 from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) to aid in funding the Company’s pivotal Phase 3 study of NurOwn®, for the treatment of ALS. We received $12,550,000 of the CIRM grant from 2017 2019: $9,050,000 from 2017 through 2018, and an additional $3,500,000 in 2019. On March 16, 2020, we received $2,200,000 from CIRM for achieving our pre-determined milestones. In July 2020, we received an additional $700,000 for making further progress in our Phase 3 study. On December 1, 2020, we received our final payment of $462,390. We have now received in full the total amount of the $15,912,390 grant funding awarded by CIRM. The grant does not bear a royalty payment commitment nor is the grant otherwise refundable.

On November 14, 2019, we were awarded a $495,330 grant from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS), through its Fast Forward program, for serum and CSF biomarkers analysis in Brainstorm’s Phase 2 open-label, multicenter clinical trial of repeated intrathecal administration of NurOwn® in participants with PMS. As of March 31, 2022, we have received $396,264 out of the $495,330 awarded.

On April 3, 2020, we announced that our wholly owned subsidiary, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Ltd., has been awarded a new non-dilutive grant of approximately $1.5 million by the Israel Innovation Authority (“IIA”). The grant enables the Company to continue development of advanced cellular manufacturing capabilities, furthers development of MSC-NTF derived exosomes as a novel therapeutic platform, and will ultimately enable Brainstorm to expand the therapeutic pipeline in neurodegenerative disorders. As of March 31, 2022, we have received $1.3 million out of the $1.5 million awarded.

On June 9, 2020, we announced that The ALS Association and I AM ALS have awarded us a combined grant of $500,000 to support an ALS biomarker research study. The grant will be used to draw insights from data and samples collected from patients who participated in Brainstorm’s Phase 3 clinical trial and treated with NurOwn®, and to further the understanding of critical biomarkers associated with treatment response for people with ALS. As of March 31, 2022, we have received $200,000 out of $500,000 awarded.

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Intellectual Property

A key element of our overall strategy is to establish a broad portfolio of patents and other methods described below to protect its proprietary technologies and products. Brainstorm is the sole licensee or assignee of 27 granted patents, and 23 patent applications in the United States, Canada, Europe, Israel and Brazil, as well as in additional countries worldwide, including countries in the Far East and South America (in calculating the number of granted patents and patent applications, each European patent validated in multiple jurisdictions was counted as a single patent).

On February 18, 2020, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) issued U.S. Patent No. 10,564,149 titled ‘Populations of Mesenchymal Stem Cells That Secrete Neurotrophic Factors’. The allowed claims cover a pharmaceutical composition for MSC-NTF cells secreting neurotrophic factors (NurOwn®) comprising a culture medium as a carrier and an isolated population of differentiated bone marrow-derived MSCs that secrete neurotrophic factors.

On June 3, 2020, the European Patent Office (EPO) granted European patent No. 2880151 titled ‘Methods of Generating Mesenchymal Stem Cells which secrete Neurotrophic Factors’. The allowed claims cover the method for manufacturing MSC-NTF cells (NurOwn®).

On September 1, 2020, the Israeli Patent Office issued Israeli Patent No. 246943 titled ‘Method of Qualifying Cells’. The granted claims cover a method of qualifying whether a cell population is a suitable therapeutic for treating Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and an isolated population of cells that secrete neurotrophic factors which are qualified useful as a therapeutic for treating ALS.

On September 16, 2020, the Company announced that the Japanese Patent Office (JPO) has granted Brainstorm’s Japanese Patent No. 6,753,887, titled: “Methods of Generating Mesenchymal Stem Cells Which Secrete Neurotrophic Factors”. The allowed claims cover a method of generating cells which secrete neurotrophic factors from human undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow of a single donor. The said neurotrophic factors includes: brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF); hepatocyte growth factor (HGF); and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

On December 15, 2020, the Canadian Patent office sealed Patent No. 2,937,305 titled ‘Pharmaceutical composition comprising bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells’. The granted claims include a pharmaceutical composition for NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells secreting Neurotrophic Factors), comprising a culture medium as a carrier and an isolated population of differentiated bone marrow-derived MSCs that secrete neurotrophic factors

On December 22, 2020 the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) issued U.S. Patent No. 10,869,899 titled: Isolated cells and populations comprising same for the treatment of CNS diseases. Granted claims cover an isolated cell population secreting GDNF, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the isolated cells, and a device comprising the pharmaceutical composition, including a device that is adapted for administration of the isolated cell population into the spinal cord

On February 19, 2021, the Hong Kong patent office sealed Patent No. HK1209453 titled ‘Methods of Generating Mesenchymal Stem Cells which secrete Neurotrophic Factors’. Allowed claims cover the method for manufacturing MSC-NTF cells (NurOwn®).

On November 30, 2021, the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) issued US Patent No. 11,185,572 titled ‘Mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of CNS diseases’. The granted claims are for a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and Huntington’s disease using MSC-NTF cells (NurOwn).

On February 15, 2022, we announced that the Brazilian Patent Office granted patent application BR112015001435-6 titled: “A method of generating cells which secrete Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF), Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) And Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), wherein said cells do not Secrete Nerve Growth Factor (NGF).” The granted claims cover a method of manufacturing MSC-NTF cells (NurOwn®).

Patents protecting NurOwn® have been issued in the United States, Canada, Japan, Europe, Hong Kong, Brazil and Israel.

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Recent Scientific and Industry Presentations

Between October 12-16, 2020, Dr. Stacy Lindborg, Ph.D., delivered an on-demand webinar at the 2020 Cell & Gene Meeting on the Mesa, held virtually.

On October 20, 2020, the Company presented a poster titled, “MSC-NTF (NurOwn®) Exosomes: A Novel Therapeutic Modality in the Mouse LPS-induced ARDS model Analysis” at the NYSCF Conference Meeting, being held virtually.

On December 9, 2020, the Company presented results from the Company’s placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind Phase 3 trial evaluating NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells) as a treatment for ALS at the 31st International Symposium on ALS/MND virtual symposium.

On January 21, 2021, Dr. Ralph Kern, MD MHSc presented results from the Company’s placebo controlled, randomized, double-blind Phase 3 trial evaluating NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cells) as a treatment for ALS at the California ALS Research Summit.

On February 26, 2021, Dr. Stacy Lindborg, PhD, presented at the SVB Leerink 10th Global Healthcare Conference.

On May 25, 2021, we presented a poster titled, “Molecular Mechanisms Underlying MSC-NTF (NurOwn®) Exosome Benefits in a Mouse LPS-induced ARDS Model” at the ISCT 2021 New Orleans Virtual Meeting.

On October 6, 2021 we announced that a scientific abstract titled “CSF biomarker correlations with primary outcome in NurOwn® Phase 3 clinical trial” was presented as a scientific poster at the fully digital 2021 Northeast Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Consortium® (NEALS) conference.

Between October 12-14, and October 19-20, 2021 Stacy Lindborg, Ph.D. delivered a presentation (which was made available via virtual platform) at the 2021 Cell & Gene Meeting on the Mesa, which was held as a hybrid conference. Dr. Lindborg’s presentation highlighted the expansion of Brainstorm’s technology portfolio to include autologous and allogeneic product candidates, covering multiple neurological diseases.  The most progressed clinical development program, which includes a completed Phase 3 trial of NurOwn® in ALS patients, remains the highest priority for Brainstorm.  Dr. Lindborg emphasized that Brainstorm is committed to pursuing the best and most expeditious path forward to enable patients to access NurOwn®.

On October 14, 2021 the findings from the Phase 2 PMS study were presented by Dr. Jeffrey Cohen, Director of Experimental Therapeutics at the Cleveland Clinic Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, as an oral presentation at the fully digital 37th Congress of the ECTRIMS. The study achieved the primary endpoint of safety and tolerability.  It demonstrated a reduction of neuroinflammatory biomarkers and an increase in neuroprotective biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and consistent improvement across Multiple Sclerosis functional outcome measures, including measures of walking, upper extremity function, vision and cognition.

On October 18, 2021, we announced the presentation of the poster titled, “Therapeutic Benefits of MSC-NTF (NurOwn®) Exosomes in Acute Lung Injury Models” at the NYSCF 2021 VIRTUAL Meeting. Results in both LPS and Bleomycin mouse models of acute lung injury showed that the beneficial effects of intratracheal administration of NurOwn-derived exosomes were superior to those of exosomes isolated from naïve mesenchymal stem cells in multiple parameters, including increase in blood oxygen saturation and reduction in lung pathology, inflammatory infiltration and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), in addition to reduction of lung fibrosis in the Bleomycin model.

On November 30, 2021, Dr. Jonathan Katz, principal investigator on the Phase 3 trial of NurOwn® in ALS, Chair of the Neurology Department and Director of the Forbes Norris ALS Clinic at the California Pacific Medical Center, presented new analyses from the trial at the 4th Annual ALS ONE Research Symposia. Pre-specified and post hoc analyses leveraging the published ENCALS model demonstrated a potential NurOwn-induced treatment effect on ALS disease progression in trial participants with less severe disease and showed that this effect was protected by randomization.

On December 7, 2021, Dr. Robert Brown, Director of the Program in Neurotherapeutics at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, and principal investigator in the Phase 3 trial of NurOwn® in ALS, presented at the 32^nd International Symposium on ALS/MND.  The presentation, titled “NurOwn® targets multiple disease pathways in ALS Phase 3 Trial” focused on biomarker data that suggest that NurOwn® drives significant changes in biomarkers across ALS disease pathways which may be important for achieving clinical outcomes.

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On January 27, 2022, Dr. Ralph Kern, President and Chief Medical Officer at Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, gave a presentation titled “NurOwn® Phase 3 ALS Clinical Trial Update” at the virtual 12^th Annual California ALS Research Summit.

On March 16, 2022, Dr. Merit Cudkowicz, Chief of Neurology at Massachusetts General Hospital, Julieanne Dorn Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School, Director of the Sean M. Healey & AMG Center for ALS at Massachusetts General Hospital and principal investigator in the Phase 3 trial of NurOwn® in ALS, delivered a late breaking oral presentation at the 2022 Muscular Dystrophy and Association Clinical and Scientific Conference.  The presentation, titled “Relationship UNC13A Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms to Clinical Outcomes in NurOwn® Phase 3 ALS Clinical Trial” focused on pre-specified genetic analyses from the NurOwn® Phase 3 trial in ALS which suggests that NurOwn® treatment may influence disease progression in patients who possess the UNC13A risk allele.

On April 24-26, 2022, Dr. James Berry, Winthrop Family Scholar in ALS Sciences, Director of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) multidisciplinary ALS clinic and Chief of the Division of ALS and Motor Neuron Diseases, Boston MA, presented a scientific abstract titled “CSF Biomarkers Evaluated by Principal Component Analysis in a NurOwn® Phase 3 Clinical Trial” at the AAN 2022 Virtual Congress.

Research and Development

We are actively engaged in research and development to evaluate the potential for clinical development of NurOwn® and MSC-NTF derived Exosomes in various neurodegenerative disorders, neurodegenerative eye disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). MSC-NTF derived Exosomes are an example of ongoing research in additional specialized derivative cell products.  Exosomes are extracellular nano-vesicles (secreted by the cells) that carry various molecular components of their cell of origin, including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Exosomes can transfer molecules from one cell to another, thereby mediating cell-to-cell communication, ultimately regulating many cell processes, which are suitable for clinical applications in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. NurOwn® derived exosomes may possess unique features for the enhanced delivery of therapeutics to the brain, due to their ability to cross the blood brain barrier and to penetrate the brain and spinal cord.

The exosome research efforts are primarily focused on manufacturing of MSC-NTF exosomes from bone marrow derived MSC:

1. Developing and optimizing large scale cell culture processes using bioreactors, to generate exosomes.

2. Developing advanced scalable purification GMP methods that can be applied to commercial use.

3. Quantification, characterization of phenotype and exosome cargo.

4. Assessment of MSC-NTF exosomes potency and stability.

5. Establishment of a method for exosomes modification.

6. Preclinical experiments in neurodegenerative and lung injury models.

NurOwn® derived exosomes have the potential to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to their ability to penetrate deep tissues and decrease the inflammatory response. ARDS is a type of respiratory failure associated with widespread inflammation and lung damage mediated by dysregulated cytokine production and is one of the severe features of COVID-19.

MSC exosomes may be delivered intravenously or directly into the lungs via intratracheal administration have several practical advantages over cellular therapy including ease of storage, stability, formulation and low immunogenicity.

In a preclinical study, we evaluated MSCs and NurOwn® derived exosomes in an LPS ARDS-mouse model, relevant to severe acute lung injury. The results from the study showed that intratracheal administration of NurOwn® derived exosomes resulted in a statistically significant improvement in multiple lung parameters. These included the clinically relevant factors: functional lung recovery, reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and most importantly, attenuation of lung damage. Moreover, MSC-NTF cell derived exosomes exhibited a superior effect when compared to treatment with exosomes derived from naïve MSCs from the same donor. On January 20, 2021, we announced the peer-reviewed publication of this preclinical study in the journal Stem Cell and Research Therapy.

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The study, entitled “MSC-NTF (NurOwn®) exosomes: a novel therapeutic modality in the mouse LPS-induced ARDS model,” evaluated the use of NurOwn® (MSC-NTF cell) derived exosomes in a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

On May 25, 2021, we made a scientific presentation of NurOwn® Exosome preclinical ARDS data at the ISCT 2021 New Orleans Virtual Meeting demonstrating that intrathecal administration of NurOwn-derived exosomes resulted in statistically significant improvements in multiple lung parameters in a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

A poster titled, “Therapeutic Benefits of MSC-NTF (NurOwn®) Exosomes in Acute Lung Injury Models” was presented on October 19, 2021 at the NYSCF 2021 Virtual Meeting, which was held on October 19-20, 2021.  Results in two different acute lung injury models showed that the beneficial effects of intratracheal administration of Exo MSC-NTF (MSC-NTF derived exosomes) were more active than Exo MSC (MSC-derived Exosomes) in multiple parameters, including increase in blood oxygen saturation and reduction in lung pathology, inflammatory infiltration and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), in addition to reduction of lung fibrosis in the Bleomycin model.

The observed positive preclinical results suggest that intratracheal administration of Exo MSC-NTF may have clinical potential as a therapy for acute lung related pathologies and has the potential to modify physiological, pathological, and biochemical outcomes with greater activity than sEVs isolated from naïve MSCs.

For the completed multidose clinical studies in ALS and PMS, the Company has improved the efficiency of NurOwn® production and improved its stability, allowing manufacturing to take place at centralized clean room facilities from which NurOwn® is distributed to the clinical trial sites, where the cells are then administered to patients. The Company is also engaged in several research initiatives to further improve and scale-up manufacturing capacity and extend the shelf life of NurOwn®.

Corporate Information

We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. Our principal executive offices are located at 1325 Avenue of Americas, 28th Floor, New York, NY 10019, and our telephone number is (201) 488-0460. We also maintain an office in Petach Tikva, Israel. We maintain a website at http://www.brainstorm-cell.com. The information on our website is not incorporated into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Results of Operations

For the period from inception (September 22, 2000) until March 31, 2022, we did not generate any revenues from operations. In addition, we incurred operating costs and expenses of approximately $5,475,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to $6,929,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Research and Development, net

Our business model calls for significant investments in research and development. Our research and development expenditures, net in the three months ended March 31, 2022 were $2,616,000, a decrease of $1,725,000 compared to $4,341,000 for the three months ended in March 31, 2021.

This decrease is due to: (i) a decrease of $2,539,000 in costs related to the Phase 3 and Phase 2 Clinical Trials from $3,063,000 in three months ended March 31, 2021 to $524,000 for the three months period ended March 31, 2022 and (ii) a decrease of $57,000 in connection with consultants, patents and other activities. This decrease was partially offset by (i) a decrease of $467,000 in participation of the Israel Innovation Authority (“IIA”) and under various awarded grants in 2021 and (ii) an increase of $404,000 for costs related to stock-based compensation expenses and payroll, travel, depreciation, rent and other costs.  Excluding participation from IIA and other grants, research and development expenses in the three months ended March 31, 2022 were $2,616,000, a decrease of $2,191,000 compared to $4,807,000 for the three months ended in March 31, 2021.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were $2,859,000 and $2,588,000, respectively. The increase in general and administrative expenses of $271,000 is primarily due to an increase in stock-based compensation, consultants, rent, public relations and other costs.

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Financial Expenses

Financial income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $115,000 as compared to financial income of $267,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as a result of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term deposits and due to conversion exchange rates.

Net Loss

Net loss for the three months ended on March 31, 2022 was $5,360,000, as compared to a net loss of $6,662,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $0.15 and $0.19, respectively.

The weighted average number of shares of Common Stock used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was 36,436,882, compared to 35,791,309 for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Additional funding will be required to begin the commercialization efforts and to achieve a level of sales adequate to support the Company's cost structure.

To meet its capital needs, the Company is considering multiple alternatives, including, but not limited to, additional public and private sales of its Common Stock and warrants, the exercise of warrants, the issuance of convertible promissory notes, sales of Common Stock via its August 9, 2021 ATM program and other funding transactions. While the Company has been successful in raising financing recently and in the past, there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so in the future on a timely basis on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all.

Continuing concerns resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, including the emergence of new variants, may continue to adversely disrupt the Company's operations, including the ability to complete the ongoing clinical trials and may have other adverse effects on Company's business and operations. In addition, this pandemic has caused substantial disruption in the financial markets and may adversely impact economies worldwide, both of which could result in adverse effects on Company's business, operations and ability to raise capital.

Management expects that the Company will continue to generate losses from the clinical development and regulatory activities, which will result in a negative cash flow from operating activity. The Company has completed its Phase 3 ALS clinical trial. The Company currently has sufficient cash to complete its ongoing activities. Over the longer term, if the Company is granted a BLA approval, additional capital raise will be needed in connection with strategic partnerships and to commercialize NurOwn® for ALS, and to conduct additional trials for other indications. If the Company is not able to raise additional capital for these purposes, management may need to slow the pace of commercialization or the Company may not be able to continue to function as a going concern. The Company's consolidated financial statements do not reflect any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since inception, the Company has financed its operations primarily through public and private sales of its Common Stock and warrants, the exercise of warrants, the issuance of convertible promissory notes, sales via the ATM programs and through various grants. At March 31, 2022 cash, cash equivalents and short-term bank deposits amounted to $18,397,000.

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $3,688,000. Cash used for operating activities was primarily attributed to cost of clinical trials, rent of clean rooms and materials for clinical trials, payroll costs, rent, outside legal fee expenses and public relations expenses.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $17,000 representing net increase in short-term interest-bearing bank deposits and purchase of property and equipment.

On August 9, 2021, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement (the “New Distribution Agreement”) with the Agents pursuant to which the Company may sell from time to time, through the Agents, shares of Common Stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000 (the “August 9, 2021, ATM”). Sales under the August 9, 2021, ATM are to be made by any method permitted by law that is deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for

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the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and the Agents. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company did not sell any shares of its Common Stock pursuant to the August 9, 2021, ATM.

At-the-market (ATM) Offerings:

On June 11, 2019, the Company entered into a distribution agreement with Raymond James & Associates, Inc. (“Raymond James”), pursuant to which the Company sold, through the Raymond James, shares of Common Stock having an aggregate offering amount of $20,000,000 (the “June 11, 2019 ATM”) in an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, by sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and Raymond James.

On March 6, 2020, the Company entered into a new distribution agreement with Raymond James (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company was able to sell from time to time, through the Agent, shares of Common Stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000,000 (the “March 6, 2020, ATM”). Sales under the March 6, 2020. ATM were made by any method permitted by law that is deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and Raymond James. Under the March 6, 2020, ATM, the Company sold an aggregate of 2,446,641 shares of Common Stock at an average price of $9.45 per share, raising gross proceeds of approximately $23.11 million.

On September 25, 2020, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with SVB Leerink LLC (“Leerink”) and Raymond James & Associates (together with Leerink, the “Agents”) pursuant to which the Company may sell from time to time, through the Agents, shares of Common Stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $45,000,000, which aggregate amount includes amount unsold pursuant to the March 6, 2020, ATM (the “September 25, 2020, ATM”). Sales under the September 25, 2020, ATM are to be made by any method permitted by law that is deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and the Agents. The Distribution Agreement amends and restates in its entirety the Company’s prior agreement with Raymond James entered into on March 6, 2020 (the “March 6, 2020, ATM”). The Company previously sold 2,446,641 shares of Common Stock for gross proceeds of approximately $23.11 million of Common Stock under the March 6, 2020, ATM. During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, the Company did not sell any additional shares of its Common Stock pursuant to the September 25, 2020, ATM. Since inception and as of September 30, 2021, the Company has sold 4,721,282 shares of Common Stock for gross proceeds of approximately $29.1 million under the September 25, 2020, ATM.

The Company has no obligation under the September 25, 2020, ATM to sell any shares and may at any time suspend sales or terminate the September 25, 2020, ATM in accordance with its terms. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement, the Agents will use their commercially reasonable efforts to sell on the Company’s behalf, from time to time consistent with its normal sales and trading practices, such Shares based upon instructions from the Company (including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions the Company may impose). The Company has provided the Agents with customary indemnification rights, and the Agents will be entitled to a fixed commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from the Shares sold. The Distribution Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, and the Company is required to deliver customary closing documents and certificates in connection with sales of the Shares. Shares sold under the ATMs are issued pursuant to the Company’s existing Shelf Registration Statement, and the Prospectus Supplement to the Registration Statements filed June 11, 2019, March 6, 2020, and September 25, 2020, respectively.

On August 9, 2021, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement (the “New Distribution Agreement”) with the Agents pursuant to which the Company may sell from time to time, through the Agents, shares of Common Stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000 (the “August 9, 2021, ATM”). Sales under the August 9, 2021, ATM are to be made by any method permitted by law that is deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and the Agents. In connection with the New Distribution Agreement, the Company terminated the previous Distribution Agreement and the September 25, 2020, ATM. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company did not sell any shares of its Common Stock pursuant to the August 9, 2021, ATM.

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Registered Direct Offering:

On March 6, 2020, the Company entered into and closed a $10.0 million registered direct offering of 1,250,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share purchase price equal to $8.00. Purchaser also received a three-year warrant to purchase up to 250,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $15.00 per share.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities:

Exercises of 2018 Amended Warrants:

On June 6, 2018 the Company entered into Warrant Exercise Agreements with certain holders (“2018 Warrant Holders”), pursuant to which holders were issued warrants to purchase an aggregate 2,458,201 unregistered shares of Common Stock, at an exercise price of $9 per share, with an expiration date of December 31, 2020 (the “2018 Warrants”).  In connection with the issuance of the 2019 Warrants (described below), certain 2018 Warrants were amended on August 2, 2019 to reduce the exercise price to $7.00 per share and to extend the expiration date to December 31, 2021 (the “Amended 2018 Warrants”).

Between July 20, 2020 and July 24, 2020, 2018 Warrant Holders exercised an aggregate of 280,000 shares of the Amended 2018 Warrants (the “2018 Exercised Shares”), which exercises generated gross cash proceeds to the Company of $1.96 million.

The 2018 Warrants have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), or state securities laws. The 2018 Exercised Shares have been registered for resale on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-225995). The issuance of the 2018 Exercised Shares and 2018 Warrants was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to the exemption for transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Company made this determination based on the representations that each party is an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D. The Company expects to use cash received from exercises for general corporate and working capital purposes.

Exercises of 2019 Warrants:

On August 2, 2019, the Company entered into Warrant Exercise Agreements with certain 2018 Warrant Holders (“2019 Warrant Holders”), pursuant to which holders were issued warrants to purchase an aggregate 842,000 shares of Common Stock (the “2019 Warrants”), at an exercise price of $7.00, with an expiration date of December 31, 2021 (the “2019 Warrants”).

Between July 15, 2020 and July 24, 2020, 2019 Warrant Holders exercised an aggregate of 620,000 shares of the 2019 Warrants (the “2019 Exercised Shares”), which exercises generated gross cash proceeds to the Company of $4.34 million.

The 2019 Warrants have not been registered under the Securities Act, or state securities laws. The 2019 Exercised Shares have been registered for resale on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-233349).  The issuance of the 2019 Exercised Shares and 2019 Warrants is exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to the exemption for transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.  The Company made this determination based on the representations that each party is an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D.  The Company expects to use cash received from exercises for general corporate and working capital purposes.

With the recent warrant exercises in July 2020, the Company has reduced its outstanding warrants shares to non-affiliates by approximately 37% and reduced its overall warrants shares outstanding by approximately 19%. In total, 900,000 of the 4,724,868 Company warrant shares outstanding were exercised between July 15 and July 24, 2020. 2,266,667 of the remaining 3,824,868 outstanding warrants shares are owned by affiliates of the Company.

Our material cash needs for the next 12 months, assuming we do not expand our clinical trials beyond our completed Phase 2 PMS trial in the United States, will include (i) costs of the clinical trial in the U.S. and Europe, (ii) employee salaries, (iii) payments for rent and operation of the GMP facilities and manufacturing of NurOwn®, and (iv) fees to our consultants and legal advisors, patents, and fees for facilities to be used in our research and development.

We believe our existing cash will be sufficient to fund our anticipated operating cash requirements for at least twelve months following the date of this filing. We currently have sufficient cash to execute on our operating activities. We expect that we will continue

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to generate losses from the clinical development and regulatory activities, which will result in a negative cash flow from operating activity. If we are granted a BLA approval, additional capital raise will be needed to commercialize NurOwn® for ALS, and to conduct additional trials that may be needed for other indications. The actual amount of cash that the Company will need to operate is subject to many factors, including, but not limited to, the timing, design and conduct of clinical trials for our product candidates along with cost to commercialize these product candidates.

We anticipate that we will need to raise substantial additional financing in the future to fund our operations. In order to meet these additional cash requirements, we may incur debt, license certain intellectual property, and seek to sell additional equity or convertible securities that may result in dilution to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible securities, these securities could have rights or preferences senior to those of our common stock and could contain covenants that restrict our operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional equity or debt financing on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

*our ability to obtain funding from third parties, including any future collaborative partners;

*the scope, rate of progress and cost of our clinical trials and other research and development programs;

*the time and costs required to gain regulatory approvals;

*the terms and timing of any collaborative, licensing and other arrangements that we may establish;

*the costs of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing patents, patent applications, patent claims, trademarks and other intellectual property rights;

*any product liability or other lawsuits related to our product candidates;

*the expenses needed to attract and retain skilled personnel;

*the costs and timing of future commercialization activities, including product manufacturing, marketing, sales, and distribution, for any of our product candidates for which we receive marketing approval;

*the revenue, if any, received from commercial sales of our product candidates for which we receive marketing approval;

*the general and administrative expenses related to being a public company;

*the effect of competition and market developments; and

*future pre-clinical and clinical trial results.

The full extent to which continuing concerns resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and capital resources will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted at this time, including new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19, the actions taken to contain it or treat its impact and the economic impact on local, regional, national and international markets. Our management team is actively monitoring this situation and the possible effects on our financial condition and liquidity.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and disclosures requires us to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

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While our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q we believe that the following accounting policies are those most critical to the judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Accounting for stock-based compensation:

We grant equity-based awards under share-based compensation plans. We estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. This fair value is then amortized over the requisite service periods of the awards. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. Share-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, and therefore is reduced by expected forfeitures. Changes in assumptions used under the Black-Scholes option valuation model could materially affect our net loss and net loss per share.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenue or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

This information has been omitted as the Company qualifies as a smaller reporting company.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this report, to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that the information required to be disclosed by us in such reports is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, we may become involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of operations in the normal course of business, which we consider routine and incidental to our business. We currently are not a party to any material legal proceedings, the adverse outcome of which, in management’s opinion, would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation or financial condition.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Other than the additional risk factor below, there have not been any material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

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In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Item 5. Other Information.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, we made no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our Board of Directors, as described in our most recent proxy statement.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

The following documents are filed as exhibits to this report:

			Incorporated by Reference Herein
Exhibit Number	Description	Filed (or Furnished) with this Form 10-Q	Form	Exhibit & File No.	Date Filed
3.1	Certificate of Incorporation of Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.		Definitive Schedule 14A	Appendix B File No. 333-61610	November 20, 2006
3.2	Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. dated September 15, 2014.		Form 8-K	Exhibit 3.1 File No. 000-54365	September 16, 2014
3.3	Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. dated August 31, 2015.		Form 8-K	Exhibit 3.1 File No. 001-366641	September 4, 2015
3.4	ByLaws of Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.		Definitive Schedule 14A	Appendix C File No. 333-61610	November 20, 2006
3.5	Amendment No. 1 to ByLaws of Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc., dated as of March 21, 2007.		Form 8-K	Exhibit 3.1 File No. 333-61610	March 27, 2007
31.1	Certification by the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	*
31.2	Certification by the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	*
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	‡
32.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	‡
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.	*
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	*
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	*
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	*
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	*
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	*
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)	*

*Filed herewith

‡Furnished herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC.
Date: May 16, 2022	By:	/s/ Chaim Lebovits
		Name: Chaim Lebovits
		Title: Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
	By:	/s/ Alla Patlis
		Name: Alla Patlis
		Title: Controller, Interim Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

45

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

I, Chaim Lebovits, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

May 16, 2022		/s/ Chaim Lebovits
	Name:	Chaim Lebovits
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

I, Alla Patlis, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

May 16, 2022		/s/ Alla Patlis
	Name:	Alla Patlis
	Title:	Interim Chief Financial Officer and Controller (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

In connection with the accompanying Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.(the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2022, the undersigned hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

May 16, 2022		/s/ Chaim Lebovits
	Name:	Chaim Lebovits
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

In connection with the accompanying Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.(the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2022 the undersigned hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in such Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022 fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

May 16, 2022		/s/ Alla Patlis
	Name:	Alla Patlis
	Title:	Interim Chief Financial Officer and Controller (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	May 10, 2022
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2022
Entity File Number	001-36641
Entity Registrant Name	BRAINSTORM CELL THERAPEUTICS INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-7273918
Entity Address, Address Line One	1325 Avenue of Americas, 28th Floor
Entity Address, City or Town	NY
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10019
City Area Code	201
Local Phone Number	488-0460
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.00005 par value
Trading Symbol	BCLI
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		36,486,180
Entity Central Index Key	0001137883
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 15,151	$ 18,856
Short-term deposit (Note 4)	3,246	3,238
Other accounts receivable	61	86
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Note 5)	802	1,100
Total current assets	19,260	23,280
Long-Term Assets:
Prepaid expenses and other long-term assets	27	27
Operating lease right of use asset (Note 6)	5,380	4,781
Property and Equipment, Net	1,124	1,189
Total Long-Term Assets	6,531	5,997
Total assets	25,791	29,277
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payables	4,570	3,700
Accrued expenses	71	83
Operating lease liability (Note 6)	1,629	1,461
Other accounts payables	1,102	1,073
Total current liabilities	7,372	6,317
Long-Term Liabilities:
Operating lease liability (Note 6)	3,932	3,618
Total long-term liabilities	3,932	3,618
Total liabilities	11,304	9,935
Stockholders' Equity:
Stock capital: (Note 7) Common Stock of $0.00005 par value - Authorized: 100,000,000 shares March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 respectively; Issued and outstanding: 36,486,180 and 36,401,413 shares at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 respectively.	12	12
Additional paid-in-capital	193,495	192,990
Treasury stocks	(116)	(116)
Accumulated deficit	(178,904)	(173,544)
Total stockholders' equity	14,487	19,342
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 25,791	$ 29,277

XML

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.00005	$ 0.00005
Common stock, shares Authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares Issued	36,486,180	36,401,413
Common stock, shares outstanding	36,486,180	36,401,413

XML

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Operating expenses:
Research and development, net (Note 8)	$ 2,616	$ 4,341
General and administrative	2,859	2,588
Operating loss	(5,475)	(6,929)
Financial income, net	115	267
Net loss	$ (5,360)	$ (6,662)
Basic net loss per share from continuing operations	$ (0.15)	$ (0.19)
Diluted net loss per share from continuing operations	$ (0.15)	$ (0.19)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used in computing basic net loss per share	36,436,882	35,791,309
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used in computing diluted net loss per share	36,436,882	35,791,309

XML

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)	Common Stock		Additional paid-in capital	Treasury stocks	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 12,000	[1]	$ 184,655,000	$ (116,000)	$ (149,087,000)	$ 35,464,000
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020	35,159,977
Stock-based compensation related to stock and options granted to directors and employees			290,000	0	0	290,000
Stock-based compensation related to stock and options granted to directors and employees (in shares)	0
Issuance of shares in at-the-market (ATM) offering (Note 7)			7,104,000			7,104,000
Issuance of shares in at-the-market (ATM) offering (Note 7) (in shares)	1,156,897
Exercise of options			5,000	0		5,000
Exercise of options (in shares)	1,687
Net loss					(6,662,000)	(6,662,000)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2021	$ 12,000	[1]	192,054,000	(116,000)	(155,749,000)	36,201,000
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021	36,318,561
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 12,000	[1]	192,990,000	(116,000)	(173,544,000)	19,342,000
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	36,401,413
Stock-based compensation related to stock and options granted to directors and employees			505,000		0	505,000
Stock-based compensation related to stock and options granted to directors and employees (in shares)	84,767
Net loss	$ 0		0		(5,360,000)	(5,360,000)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ 12,000	[1]	$ 193,495,000	$ (116,000)	$ (178,904,000)	$ 14,487,000
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	36,486,180

[1] Represents an amount less than $1.

XML

INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (5,360)	$ (6,662)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	74	61
Stock-based compensation related to options granted to employees and directors	505	290
Change in operating lease liability	(117)	(293)
Decrease in other accounts receivable and prepaid expenses	323	322
Increase (decrease) in trade payables	870	(2,865)
Increase in other accounts payable and accrued expenses	17	179
Total net cash used in operating activities	(3,688)	(8,968)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(9)	(30)
Changes in short-term deposit	(8)	(7)
Total net cash used in investing activities	(17)	(37)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of options		5
Proceeds from issuance of shares in at-the-market (ATM) offering (Note 7)		7,104
Total net cash provided by financing activities		7,109
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(3,705)	(1,896)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period	18,856	37,829
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period	$ 15,151	35,933
Supplemental schedule of non-cash transactions
Right of use lease asset and liability		$ 85

XML

GENERAL

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

GENERAL

GENERAL

NOTE 1 - GENERAL

A. The Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware on November 15, 2006, and previously was incorporated in the State of Washington. In October 2004, the Company formed its wholly-owned subsidiary, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Ltd. (“BCT”) in Israel, which currently conducts all of the research and development activities of the Company. BCT formed wholly-owned subsidiaries Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics UK Ltd. in the United Kingdom on February 19, 2013 (currently inactive), Advanced Cell Therapies Ltd. in Israel on June 21, 2018 and Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Limited in Ireland on October 1, 2019.

The Common Stock is publicly traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “BCLI”.

B. The Company, through BCT, holds rights to commercialize certain stem cell technology developed by Ramot of Tel Aviv University Ltd. (“Ramot”) (see Note 3). Using this technology, the Company has been developing novel adult stem cell therapies for debilitating neurodegenerative disorders such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease), Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PMS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Company developed a proprietary process, called NurOwn®, for the propagation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their differentiation into neurotrophic factor secreting cells. These cells are then transplanted at or near the site of damage, offering the hope of more effectively treating neurodegenerative diseases. The process is currently autologous, or self-transplanted.

C. Since its inception, the Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to research and development. The Company is still in its development and clinical stage and has not yet generated revenues. The Company has incurred operating losses since its inception and expects to continue to incur operating losses for the near-term. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had an accumulated deficit of approximately $179 million. The extent of the Company’s future operating losses and the timing of becoming profitable are uncertain.

The Company’s primary sources of cash have been proceeds from the issuance and sale of its Common Stock and warrants, the exercise of warrants, sales of Common Stock via its ATM program and other funding transactions. While the Company has been successful in raising financing recently and in the past, there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so in the future on a timely basis on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. The Company has not yet commercialized any of its product candidates. Even if the Company commercializes one or more of its product candidates, it may not become profitable in the near-term. The Company’s ability to achieve profitability depends on a number of factors, including its ability to obtain regulatory approval for its product candidates, successfully complete any post-approval regulatory obligations and successfully commercialize its product candidates alone or in partnership.

The Company believes its existing cash will be sufficient to fund its anticipated operating cash requirements for at least twelve months following the date of this filing. The Company currently has sufficient cash to execute on its ongoing operating activities. Management expects that the Company will continue to generate losses from the clinical development and regulatory activities, which will result in a negative cash flow from operating activity. If the Company is granted a BLA approval, additional capital raise will be needed to commercialize NurOwn® for ALS, and to conduct additional trials that may be needed for other indications. The actual amount of cash that the Company will need to operate is subject to many factors, including, but not limited to, the timing, design and conduct of clinical trials for its product candidates along with cost to commercialize these product candidates.

In early 2020, the World Health Organization declared the rapidly spreading coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. This pandemic has resulted in governments worldwide enacting emergency measures to combat the spread of the virus. The Company considered the impact of COVID-19 on its operations and determined that there were no material adverse impacts on the Company’s results of operations and financial position as of March 31, 2022. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained.

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

A.      Unaudited Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments except as otherwise discussed). For further information, reference is made to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2022, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021.

B.      Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are identical to those applied in the preparation of the latest annual financial statements.

C.      Recent Accounting Standards

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s condensed financial statements.

D.      Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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RESEARCH AND LICENSE AGREEMENT

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

RESEARCH AND LICENSE AGREEMENT

RESEARCH AND LICENSE AGREEMENT

NOTE 3 - RESEARCH AND LICENSE AGREEMENT

In 2004, the Company entered into a Research and License Agreement, as amended and restated, with Ramot (the “License Agreement”). Pursuant to the remuneration terms of the License Agreement, the Company has agreed to pay Ramot royalties on Net Sales of the Licensed Product as follows:

a) So long as the making, producing, manufacturing, using, marketing, selling, importing or exporting (collectively, the “Commercialization”) of such Licensed Product is covered by a Valid Claim or is covered by Orphan Drug Status, the Company shall pay Ramot a royalty of 5% of the Net Sales received by the Company and resulting from such Commercialization; and

b) In the event the Commercialization of the Licensed Product is neither covered by a Valid Claim nor by Orphan Drug status, the Company shall pay Ramot a royalty of 3% of the Net Sales received by the Company resulting from such Commercialization. This royalty shall be paid from the First Commercial Sale of the Licensed Product and for a period of fifteen (15) years thereafter.

Capitalized terms set forth above which are not defined shall have the meanings attributed to them under the License Agreement.

XML

SHORT TERM DEPOSITS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

SHORT TERM DEPOSITS

SHORT TERM DEPOSITS

NOTE 4 - SHORT TERM DEPOSITS

Short term deposits on March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 include bank deposits bearing annual interest rates varying from 0.15%to 1.66%, with maturities of up to 1.75 years as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

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PREPAID EXPENSES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

PREPAID EXPENSES

PREPAID EXPENSES

NOTE 5 - PREPAID EXPENSES

As of March 31, 2022, and as of December 31, 2021, prepaid expenses include director’s insurance of $724 and $1,086, respectively.

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LEASES

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

LEASES

LEASES

NOTE 6 - LEASES

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”) using the modified retrospective approach for all lease arrangements at the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company leases facilities, clinical research rooms, and vehicles under operating leases.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company’s ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases totaled $5,380 and $5,561, respectively. The impact of adopting the new lease standard was not material to the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations for the periods presented.

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases was as follows (unaudited):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022
Cash payments for operating leases	$	677

As of March 31, 2022, the Company’s operating leases had a weighted average remaining lease term of 3.66 years and a weighted average discount rate of 6.74%. Future lease payments under operating leases as of March 31, 2022 were as follows:

	Operating
	Leases
Remainder of 2022		1,460
2023		1,165
2024		1,544
2025		1,287
2026		216
Total future lease payments		5,672
Less imputed interest		(111)
Total lease liability balance		5,561

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STOCK CAPITAL

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

STOCK CAPITAL

STOCK CAPITAL

NOTE 7 – STOCK CAPITAL

The rights of Common Stock are as follows:

Holders of the Company’s Common Stock have the right to receive notice to participate and vote in general meetings of the Company, the right to a share in the excess of assets upon liquidation of the Company and the right to receive dividends, if declared.

NOTE 7 – STOCK CAPITAL (Cont.):

Private placements and public offerings:

2018 Warrant Exercise Agreement:

On June 6, 2018, the Company entered into a Warrant Exercise Agreement (the “2018 Warrant Exercise Agreement”) with certain holders (the “2018 Warrant Holders”) of warrants (the “2015 Warrants”) to purchase Common Stock. The 2015 Warrants were originally issued in the Company’s January 8, 2015, private placement. Pursuant to the 2018 Warrant Exercise Agreement, the 2018 Warrant Holders exercised their 2015 Warrants for a total of 2,458,201 shares of Common Stock at an amended exercise price of $5 per share. The warrant exercises generated gross cash proceeds to the Company of $12.3 million. In addition, the Company issued new warrants to the 2018 Warrant Holders to purchase an aggregate 2,458,201 unregistered shares of Common Stock, at an exercise price of $9.00, with an expiration date of December 31, 2020 (the “2018 Warrants”). In connection with the issuance of the 2019 Warrants (described below), certain 2018 Warrants were amended on August 2, 2019, to reduce the exercise price to $7.00 per share and to extend the expiration date to December 31, 2021 (the “Amended 2018 Warrants”).

Between July 20, 2020, and July 24, 2020, 2018 Warrant Holders exercised an aggregate of 280,000 shares of the Amended 2018 Warrants (the “2018 Exercised Shares”), which exercises generated gross cash proceeds to the Company of $1,960,000.

The 2018 Warrants have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), or state securities laws. The shares issuable upon exercise of the Amended 2018 Warrants have been registered for resale on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-225995).  The exercised shares have been registered for resale on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-201704). The issuance of the exercised shares and 2018 Warrants was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to the exemption for transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Company made this determination based on the representations that each party is an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D.

2019 Warrant Exercise Agreement:

On August 2, 2019, the Company entered into a Warrant Exercise Agreement which generated gross cash proceeds to the Company of approximately $3.3 million. Pursuant to the agreement, certain holders (the “2019 Warrant Holders”) of the 2018 Warrants agreed to exercise 842,000 shares of Common Stock of their 2018 Warrants, at an amended exercise price of $3.90 per share, and the Company agreed to issue new warrant shares to the Holders to purchase 842,000 shares of Common Stock (the “2019 Warrants”), at an exercise price of $7.00, with an expiration date of December 31, 2021. The 2018 Warrants held by the 2019 Warrant Holders, to the extent not exercised, were also amended to reduce the exercise price to $7.00 per share and to extend the expiration date to December 31, 2021 (the “Amended 2018 Warrants”).

Between July 15, 2020, and July 24, 2020, 2019 Warrant Holders exercised an aggregate of 620,000 shares of the 2019 Warrants (the “2019 Exercised Shares”), which exercises generated gross cash proceeds to the Company of $ 4,340,000.

NOTE 7 – STOCK CAPITAL (Cont.):

The Amended 2018 Warrants and 2019 Warrants have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), or state securities laws. The shares issuable upon exercise of the 2019 Warrants have been registered for resale on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-233349), and the shares issuable upon exercise of the Amended 2018 Warrants have been registered for resale on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-225995). The exercised shares have been registered for resale on the Company’s registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-225995). The issuance of the exercised shares, Amended 2018 Warrants and 2019 Warrants is exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to the exemption for transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Company made this determination based on the representations that each party is an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D.

At-the-market (ATM) Offerings:

On June 11, 2019, the Company entered into a distribution agreement with Raymond James & Associates, Inc. (“Raymond James”), pursuant to which the Company sold, through the Raymond James, shares of Common Stock having an aggregate offering amount of $20,000,000 (the “June 11, 2019 ATM”) in an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, by sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and Raymond James.

On March 6, 2020, the Company entered into a new distribution agreement with Raymond James (the “Agent”), pursuant to which the Company was able to sell from time to time, through the Agent, shares of Common Stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000,000 (the “March 6, 2020, ATM”). Sales under the March 6, 2020. ATM were made by any method permitted by law that is deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and Raymond James. Under the March 6, 2020, ATM, the Company sold an aggregate of 2,446,641 shares of Common Stock at an average price of $9.45 per share, raising gross proceeds of approximately $23.11 million.

On September 25, 2020, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with SVB Leerink LLC (“Leerink”) and Raymond James & Associates (together with Leerink, the “Agents”) pursuant to which the Company may sell from time to time, through the Agents, shares of Common Stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $45,000,000, which aggregate amount includes amount unsold pursuant to the March 6, 2020, ATM (the “September 25, 2020, ATM”). Sales under the September 25, 2020, ATM are to be made by any method permitted by law that is deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and the Agents. The Distribution Agreement amends and restates in its entirety the Company’s prior agreement with Raymond James entered into on March 6, 2020 (the “March 6, 2020, ATM”). The Company previously sold 2,446,641 shares of Common Stock for gross proceeds of approximately $23.11 million of Common Stock under the March 6, 2020, ATM. During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, the Company did not sell any additional shares of its Common Stock pursuant to the September 25, 2020, ATM. Since inception and as of September 30, 2021, the Company has sold 4,721,282 shares of Common Stock for gross proceeds of approximately $29.1 million under the September 25, 2020, ATM.

NOTE 7 – STOCK CAPITAL (Cont.):

The Company has no obligation under the September 25, 2020, ATM to sell any shares and may at any time suspend sales or terminate the September 25, 2020, ATM in accordance with its terms. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement, the Agents will use their commercially reasonable efforts to sell on the Company’s behalf, from time to time consistent with its normal sales and trading practices, such Shares based upon instructions from the Company (including any price, time or size limits or other customary parameters or conditions the Company may impose). The Company has provided the Agents with customary indemnification rights, and the Agents will be entitled to a fixed commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from the Shares sold. The Distribution Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, and the Company is required to deliver customary closing documents and certificates in connection with sales of the Shares. Shares sold under the ATMs are issued pursuant to the Company’s existing Shelf Registration Statement, and the Prospectus Supplement to the Registration Statements filed June 11, 2019, March 6, 2020, and September 25, 2020, respectively.

On August 9, 2021, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement (the “New Distribution Agreement”) with the Agents pursuant to which the Company may sell from time to time, through the Agents, shares of Common Stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000 (the “August 9, 2021, ATM”). Sales under the August 9, 2021, ATM are to be made by any method permitted by law that is deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on the Nasdaq Capital Market, on any other existing trading market for the Shares, through a market maker or as otherwise agreed by the Company and the Agents. In connection with the New Distribution Agreement, the Company terminated the previous Distribution Agreement and the September 25, 2020 ATM. As of March 31, 2022, the Company did not sell any shares of its Common Stock pursuant to the August 9, 2021, ATM.

Registered Direct Offering:

On March 6, 2020, the Company entered into and closed a $10.0 million registered direct offering of 1,250,000 shares of common stock at a per share purchase price equal to $8.00.  The purchaser also received a three-year warrant to purchase up to 250,000 shares of Common Stock at any exercise price of $15.00 per share.

Capital Raised Since Inception:

Since its inception through March 31, 2022, the Company has raised approximately $151 million gross in cash in consideration for issuances of Common Stock and warrants in private placements and public offerings as well as proceeds from warrants exercises.

NOTE 7 – STOCK CAPITAL (Cont.):

Stock Plans:

During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Company had outstanding awards for stock options under four stockholder approved plans: (i) the 2004 Global Stock Option Plan and the Israeli Appendix thereto (the “2004 Global Plan”) (ii) the 2005 U.S. Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2005 U.S. Plan,” and together with the 2004 Global Plan, the “Prior Plans”); (iii) the 2014 Global Share Option Plan and the Israeli Appendix thereto (which applies solely to participants who are residents of Israel) (the “2014 Global Plan”); and (iv) the 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2014 U.S. Plan” and together with the 2014 Global Plan, the “2014 Plans”).  

The 2004 Global Plan and 2005 U.S. Plan expired on November 25, 2014, and March 28, 2015, respectively. Grants that were made under the Prior Plans remain outstanding pursuant to their terms. The 2014 Plans were approved by the stockholders on August 14, 2014 (at which time the Company ceased to issue awards under each of the 2005 U.S. Plan and 2004 Global Plan) and amended on June 21, 2016, and November 29, 2018. Unless otherwise stated, option grants prior to August 14, 2014, were made pursuant to the Company’s Prior Plans, and grants issued on or after August 14, 2014, were made pursuant to the Company’s 2014 Plans, and expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date. The 2014 Plans have a shared pool of 5,600,000 shares of Common Stock available for issuance. As of March 31, 2022, 3,037,962 shares were available for future issuances under the 2014 Plans. The exercise price of the options granted under the 2014 Plans may not be less than the nominal value of the shares into which such options are exercised. Any options under the 2014 Plans that are canceled or forfeited before expiration become available for future grants. The Governance, Nominating and Compensation Committee (the “GNC Committee”) of the Board of Directors of the Company administers the Company’s stock incentive compensation and equity-based plans.

Share-based compensation to employees and to directors:

Under the 2014 Plans, the Company may award stock options to certain employees, officers, directors, and/or service providers. The stock options vest in accordance with such conditions and restrictions determined by the GNC Committee.

These conditions and restrictions may include the achievement of certain performance goals and/or continued employment with the Company through a specified period. Stock options awarded are valued based upon the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the Company recognizes this value as stock compensation expense over the periods in which the options vest. Use of the Black Scholes option-pricing model requires that the Company make certain assumptions, including expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected dividend yield, and the expected life of the options. The Company granted 26,400 stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

NOTE 7 – STOCK CAPITAL (Cont.):

A summary of the Company’s option activity related to options to employees and directors, and related information as of March 31, 2022, is as follows:

	For the Three months ended
	March 31, 2022
		Weighted
		average	Aggregate
	Amount of	exercise	intrinsic
	options *	price	value
		$	$
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	1,310,417	4.1734
Granted	26,400	3.0400
Outstanding at March 31, 2022	1,336,817	4.091	—
Exercisable at March 31, 2022	1,026.609	3.0351	333,549

*    Represents Employee Stock Options only (not including RSUs).

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value (the difference between the fair market value of the Company’s shares on March 31, 2022, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options on those dates) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on those dates.

As of March 31, 2022, there was $1,221 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested options under the Plan. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.53 years. Compensation expense recorded by the Company in respect of its stock-based employees and directors compensation awards in accordance with ASC 718-10 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 amounted to $287 and $224, respectively.

NOTE 7 - STOCK CAPITAL (Cont.):

Restricted Stock:

The Company awards stock and restricted stock to certain employees, officers, directors, and/or service providers. The restricted stock vests in accordance with such conditions and restrictions determined by the GNC Committee. These conditions and restrictions may include the achievement of certain performance goals and/or continued employment with the Company through a specified restricted period. The purchase price (if any) of shares of restricted stock is determined by the GNC Committee. If the performance goals and other restrictions are not attained, the grantee will automatically forfeit their unvested awards of restricted stock to the Company. Compensation expense for restricted stock is based on fair market value at the grant date.

			Weighted Average
			Remaining
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average	Contractual
	of Restricted	Grant Date Fair	Term
	Stock	Value	(Years)
Nonvested as of December 31, 2021	272,596	5.49	1.23
Granted	39,767	3.06
Vested	41,691	4.59
Nonvested as of March 31, 2022	270,672	5.28	1.33

Compensation expense recorded by the Company in respect of its stock and restricted stock awards to certain employees, officers, directors, and/or service providers for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 amounted to $218 and $64, respectively.

As of March 31, 2022, there was $765 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock under the Plan. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.36 years.

Total Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The total stock-based compensation expense, related to shares, options and warrants granted to employees, directors and service providers was comprised, at each period, as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Research and development	$	147	$	(65)
General and administrative		358		355
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	505	$	290

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, NET

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, NET

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, NET

NOTE 8 - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, NET

Composition:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Research and development	$	2,616	$	4,807
Less: Participation by other grants	$	—	$	(466)
		2,616		4,341

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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

NOTE 9 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In accordance with ASC 855 “Subsequent Events” the Company evaluated subsequent events through the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. The Company concluded that no other subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Unaudited Interim Financial Statements

A.      Unaudited Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments except as otherwise discussed). For further information, reference is made to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2022, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021.

Significant Accounting Policies

B.      Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are identical to those applied in the preparation of the latest annual financial statements.

Recent Accounting Standards

C.      Recent Accounting Standards

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s condensed financial statements.

Use of estimates

D.      Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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LEASES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

LEASES

Schedule of supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases was as follows (unaudited):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022
Cash payments for operating leases	$	677

Schedule of future lease payments under operating leases

	Operating
	Leases
Remainder of 2022		1,460
2023		1,165
2024		1,544
2025		1,287
2026		216
Total future lease payments		5,672
Less imputed interest		(111)
Total lease liability balance		5,561

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STOCK CAPITAL (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

STOCK CAPITAL

Summary of the Company's option activity

NOTE 7 – STOCK CAPITAL (Cont.):

A summary of the Company’s option activity related to options to employees and directors, and related information as of March 31, 2022, is as follows:

	For the Three months ended
	March 31, 2022
		Weighted
		average	Aggregate
	Amount of	exercise	intrinsic
	options *	price	value
		$	$
Outstanding at December 31, 2021	1,310,417	4.1734
Granted	26,400	3.0400
Outstanding at March 31, 2022	1,336,817	4.091	—
Exercisable at March 31, 2022	1,026.609	3.0351	333,549

*    Represents Employee Stock Options only (not including RSUs).

Schedule of compensation expense for restricted stock is based on fair market value at the grant date

			Weighted Average
			Remaining
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average	Contractual
	of Restricted	Grant Date Fair	Term
	Stock	Value	(Years)
Nonvested as of December 31, 2021	272,596	5.49	1.23
Granted	39,767	3.06
Vested	41,691	4.59
Nonvested as of March 31, 2022	270,672	5.28	1.33

Schedule of total stock-based compensation expense

The total stock-based compensation expense, related to shares, options and warrants granted to employees, directors and service providers was comprised, at each period, as follows:

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Research and development	$	147	$	(65)
General and administrative		358		355
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	505	$	290

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, NET (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, NET

Schedule of Research and development, Net

	Three months ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Research and development	$	2,616	$	4,807
Less: Participation by other grants	$	—	$	(466)
		2,616		4,341

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GENERAL (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
GENERAL
Accumulated deficit	$ (178,904)	$ (173,544)

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RESEARCH AND LICENSE AGREEMENT (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022
RESEARCH AND LICENSE AGREEMENT
Percentage of royalty payment if licensed product covered by valid claim or orphan drug status	5.00%
Percentage of royalty payment if licensed product not covered by valid claim or orphan drug status	3.00%
Validity of royalty payment not covered by valid claim or orphan drug status	15 years

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SHORT TERM DEPOSITS (Details)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Maturity of short term deposits	1 year 9 months	1 year 9 months
Minimum
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Annual interest rate on bank deposits	0.15%	0.15%
Maximum
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Line Items]
Annual interest rate on bank deposits	1.66%	1.66%

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PREPAID EXPENSES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
PREPAID EXPENSES
Prepaid expense	$ 724	$ 1,086

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LEASES - Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
LEASES
Cash payments for operating leases	$ 677

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LEASES - Future lease payments under operating leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
LEASES
Remainder of 2022	$ 1,460
2023	1,165
2024	1,544
2025	1,287
2026	216
Total future lease payments	5,672
Less imputed interest	(111)
Total lease liability balance	$ 5,561

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LEASES - Additional information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
LEASES
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset	$ 5,380	$ 4,781
Operating Lease, Liability	$ 5,561
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term	3 years 7 months 28 days
Operating Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent	6.74%

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STOCK CAPITAL - Employee Stock Option (Details) - Employee Stock Option	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Amount of options, Outstanding at beginning of period | shares	1,310,417	[1]
Amount of options, Granted | shares	26,400	[1]
Amount of options, Outstanding at end of period | shares	1,336,817	[1]
Amount of options, Vested at end of period | shares	1,026.609	[1]
Weighted average exercise price, Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 4.1734
Weighted average exercise price, Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	3.0400
Weighted average exercise price, Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	4.091
Weighted average exercise price, Vested at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.0351
Aggregate intrinsic value, Vested at end of period (in dollars) | $	$ 333,549

[1] Represents Employee Stock Options only (not including RSUs).

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STOCK CAPITAL - Restricted Stock (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
STOCK CAPITAL
Number of Shares of Restricted Stock, Nonvested at beginning of period	272,596
Granted	39,767
Vested	41,691
Number of Shares of Restricted Stock, Nonvested at end of period	270,672	272,596
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Nonvested at beginning of period	$ 5.49
Granted	3.06
Vested	4.59
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value, Nonvested at end of period	$ 5.28	$ 5.49
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years), Nonvested	1 year 3 months 29 days	1 year 2 months 23 days

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STOCK CAPITAL - Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 505	$ 290
Research and development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	147	(65)
General and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 358	$ 355

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STOCK CAPITAL - Additional information (Details) - USD ($)										3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Aug. 09, 2021	Sep. 25, 2020	Jul. 24, 2020	Jul. 24, 2020	Mar. 06, 2020	Aug. 02, 2019	Jun. 11, 2019	Jun. 06, 2018	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights						250,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights						$ 15.00
Aggregate offering amount						$ 10,000,000.0
Aggregate shares sold						1,250,000
Average Price						$ 8.00
Gross Proceeds										$ 151,000,000
Warrant term (in years)						3 years
Common Stock, Capital Shares Reserved for Future Issuance										3,037,962
Stock or Unit Option Plan Expense										$ 505,000	$ 290,000
Share-based Compensation										$ 505,000	290,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period										39,767
2018 Warrant
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights							842,000		2,458,201
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights									$ 5
Proceeds from Warrant Exercises									$ 12,300,000
Warrants Issued To Purchase Of Common Stock									2,458,201
2018 Amended Warrants
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights				280,000	280,000
Proceeds from Warrant Exercises				$ 1,960,000
2019 Warrant
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights				620,000	620,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights									$ 7.00
Proceeds from Warrant Exercises					$ 4,340,000		$ 3,300,000
Employee Stock Option
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total Unrecognized Compensation Cost										$ 1,221,000
Weighted average period										1 year 6 months 10 days
Stock or Unit Option Plan Expense										$ 287,000	224,000
Amount of options, Granted	[1]									26,400
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total Unrecognized Compensation Cost										$ 765,000
Weighted average period										1 year 4 months 9 days
Share-based Compensation										$ 218,000	$ 64,000
Global Share Option Plan 2014 And US Stock Option And Incentive Plan 2014 [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Issued for Services										5,600,000
Common Stock | 2018 Warrant
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights									9.00
Common Stock | 2019 Warrant
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights							$ 7.00		$ 3.90
At Market Offering [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Aggregate offering amount		$ 100,000,000	$ 45,000,000			$ 50,000,000		$ 20,000,000
Aggregate shares sold						2,446,641						4,721,282
Average Price						$ 9.45
Gross Proceeds						$ 23,110,000						$ 29,100,000
Fixed Commission Percentage						3.00%

[1] Represents Employee Stock Options only (not including RSUs).

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, NET (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Research And Development Arrangement [Line Items]
Research and development	$ 2,616	$ 4,807
Research and Development Expense	$ 2,616	4,341
Other
Research And Development Arrangement [Line Items]
Less : Participation		$ (466)