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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
On a quarterly basis, the Company computes an estimated annual effective tax rate considering ordinary income and related income tax expense. Ordinary income refers to income (loss) before income tax expense excluding significant, unusual or infrequently occurring items. The tax effect of an unusual or infrequently occurring item is recorded in the interim period in which it occurs.
The Company has assessed the need to maintain a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets based on an assessment of whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax benefits will be realized through the generation of future taxable income. Appropriate consideration is given to all available evidence, both positive and negative, in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. In assessing the realizability of the Company’s deferred tax assets, the Company considered whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized through the generation of future taxable income. In making this determination, the Company assessed all of the evidence available at the time, including recent earnings, forecasted income projections and historical performance. The Company determined that the negative evidence outweighed the objectively verifiable positive evidence and continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.
In March 2020, President Trump signed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). Among the changes to the U.S. federal income tax rules, the CARES Act modified net operating loss carryback rules that were eliminated by the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, restored 100% bonus depreciation for qualified improvement property, increased the limit on the deduction for net interest expense and accelerated the time frame for refunds of alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) credits. The Company’s ability to elect bonus depreciation for the 2018 and 2019 tax years, carryback net operating losses to earlier years, and immediately refund AMT credits due to the enactment of the CARES Act resulted in a tax benefit of $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. There is no material impact to the Company’s deferred tax assets due to the full valuation allowance.
The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was 12.5% and 15.9%, respectively, compared to an effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 of 7.7% and 44.2%. The effective tax rates for
all periods were significantly different than the applicable U.S. statutory tax rate. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, the difference between the effective and statutory tax rates was primarily due to an adjustment to the impact of the CARES Act. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the difference between the effective and statutory tax rates was primarily due to the impact of the CARES Act, a change in the deferred tax liability related to an indefinite-lived intangible asset and the Company’s full valuation allowance. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the difference between the effective and statutory tax rates is primarily due to the Company’s full valuation allowance, the impact of the losses related to the Weichai Warrant (except the three months ended September 30, 2019, which was not impacted due to the April 2019 exercise of the Weichai Warrant) and an increase in the deferred tax liability related to indefinite-lived assets which cannot serve as a source of income for the realization of deferred tax assets and states that base tax on gross margin.