This Joint Filing Agreement confirms the agreement by and among the undersigned
that the Schedule 13G is filed on behalf of each of the reporting person(s)
identified below.

LMM LLC



By:_____/s/_Nicholas C. Milano______________________
        Nicholas C. Milano, Chief Compliance Officer


Legg Mason Opportunity Trust,
a portfolio of Legg Mason Investment Trust, Inc.



By:____/s/_Gregory T. Merz__________________________
       Gregory T. Merz, Vice President