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New Accounting Standards
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Abstract]  
New Accounting Standards
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” This update requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU will supersede most existing GAAP related to revenue recognition and will supersede some cost guidance in existing GAAP related to construction-type and production-type contract accounting. Additionally, the ASU will significantly increase disclosures related to revenue recognition. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14 which deferred the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 by one year, and as a result, is now effective for us on January 1, 2018. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)” which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing” which gives further guidance on identifying performance obligations and clarification of the licensing implementation guidance. Early application is permitted to the original effective date of January 1, 2017. Entities are permitted to apply the amendments either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the ASU recognized at the date of initial application. We have not determined the method to be utilized upon adoption. The impacts that adoption of the ASU is expected to have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures are being evaluated. Additionally, we have not determined the effect of the ASU on our internal control over financial reporting or other changes in business practices and processes.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, “Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory.” This update requires in scope inventory to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value rather than at the lower of cost or market under existing guidance. The amendments in this ASU are effective for us on January 1, 2017. Early application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases.” This update requires that a lessee recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. Similar to current guidance, the update continues to differentiate between finance leases and operating leases, however this distinction now primarily relates to differences in the manner of expense recognition over time and in the classification of lease payments in the statement of cash flows. The updated guidance leaves the accounting for leases by lessors largely unchanged from existing GAAP. Early application is permitted. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective adoption, with certain relief provisions, for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements when adopted. The guidance will become effective for us on January 1, 2019. The impacts that adoption of the ASU is expected to have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures are being evaluated. Additionally, we have not determined the effect of the ASU on our internal control over financial reporting or other changes in business practices and processes.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” Among other amendments, this update requires that excess tax benefits or deficiencies are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement, gives an entity the ability to elect to estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures as they occur and permits withholding up to the maximum statutory tax rates as the threshold to qualify for equity classification. The guidance will become effective for us on January 1, 2017. Early application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.
Change in Accounting Principle
Effective January 1, 2016, we changed the method of valuing inventory for certain domestic inventories in our surface integrated services business from the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method to the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method under GAAP. The cumulative effect, net of income taxes, of the change in accounting principle was approximately $12.3 million and was recorded as an increase to retained earnings as of January 1, 2013. The statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014, and 2015, including interim periods therein, were not retroactively adjusted as the adjustment for each of the periods was not material. We believe the FIFO method is preferable as it better reflects the current value of inventory reported in the consolidated balance sheets, provides for better matching of costs of goods sold with related revenue, provides for greater consistency and uniformity across our operations with respect to the method of inventory valuation, and is the method used by management to monitor the financial results of the business for operational and financial planning.