RESTRUCTURING AND IMPAIRMENT EXPENSE

Restructuring and impairment expense were as follows:



	Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)	2015		2014
Restructuring expense:
Subsea Technologies	$	28.0	$	4.9
Surface Technologies	12.0		—
Energy Infrastructure	5.7		—
Total restructuring expense	45.7		4.9
Impairment expense:
Subsea Technologies	5.1		—
Surface Technologies	61.4		—
Energy Infrastructure	—		—
Total impairment expense	66.5		—
Total restructuring and impairment expense	$	112.2	$	4.9

Restructuring—As a result of the decline in crude oil prices and its effect on the demand for products and services in the oilfield services industry worldwide, beginning in 2015, we initiated a company-wide reduction in workforce intended to reduce costs and better align our workforce with current and anticipated activity levels, which resulted in the recognition of severance costs relating to termination benefits and other restructuring charges. We did not record any restructuring expenses during the year ended December 31, 2013.

Asset impairments—We conduct impairment tests on long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition over the assets remaining useful life. Our review of recoverability of the carrying value of our assets considers several assumptions including the intended use and service potential of the asset.

The prolonged downturn in the energy market and its corresponding impact on our business outlook led us to conclude the carrying amount of certain of our assets, primarily in our surface integrated services business in Canada, exceeded their fair values. The low commodity price environment’s impact on our outlook for revenue growth and profitability of our surface integrated services business in Canada led us to record impairment charges of $54.7 million in our Surface Technologies segment during the year ended December 31, 2015. These charges include the complete impairment of customer relationships intangible asset and goodwill in our Canadian surface integrated services reporting unit of $33.3 million and $8.4 million, respectively, as well as a charge of $13.0 million to record wireline and flowback long-lived assets at their fair value of $39.4 million as of September 30, 2015. Refer to Note 18 to these consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the method used to determine the fair value of these assets. We did not record any impairment expenses during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013.