Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:

(1) Registration Statements (Form S-3 No. 333-221610 and 333-265282) of Bio-Path Holdings, Inc.,

(2) Registration Statements (Form S-1 No. 333-229049 and 333-269045) of Bio-Path Holdings, Inc.,

(3) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-156054) pertaining to the Bio-Path Holdings, Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended,

(4) Registration Statements (Form S-8 No. 333-223111 and 333-236390) pertaining to the Bio-Path Holdings, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended; and

(5) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-270561) pertaining to the Bio-Path Holdings, Inc. 2022 Stock Incentive Plan;

of our report dated March 30, 2023, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Bio-Path Holdings, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Bio-Path Holdings, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2022.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Houston, Texas

March 30, 2023