10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

MARK ONE

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the Quarterly Period ended June 30, 2020; or

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the transition period from ________ to ________

ZION OIL & GAS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	20-0065053
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
12655 N Central Expressway, Suite 1000, Dallas, TX	75243
(Address of principal executive offices)	Zip Code

(214) 221-4610

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
ZN common shares	ZN	Nasdaq Capital Market

As of August 6, 2020, Zion Oil & Gas, Inc. had outstanding 205,333,221 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share.

INDEX PAGE

	Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 – Financial Statements – Unaudited	1
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets – June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	1
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	2
Consolidated Condensed Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	3
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	4
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements	6
Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	40
Item 4 – Controls and Procedures	40
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings	41
Item 1A – Risk Factors	41
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	42
Item 3 – Defaults upon Senior Securities	42
Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures	42
Item 5 – Other Information	42
Item 6 – Exhibits	42
Exhibit Index	42
SIGNATURES	43

i

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets as of

	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
	US$ thousands			US$ thousands
	(Unaudited)
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents		8,288			4,845
Fixed short term bank and escrow deposits – restricted		2,052			1,090
Prepaid expenses and other		430			511
Other deposits		-			197
Governmental receivables		18			34
Other receivables		172			222
Total current assets		10,960			6,899
Unproved oil and gas properties, full cost method (see Note 4)		11,286			10,637
Property and equipment at cost
Net of accumulated depreciation of $531 and $505		93			115
Right of Use Lease Assets (see Note 7)		530			634
Other assets
Drilling rig and related inventory (see note 2J)		4,609			-
Assets held for severance benefits		397			371
Total other assets		5,006			371
Total assets		27,875			18,656
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable		119			108
Obligation under capital lease		23			-
Lease obligation – current (see Note 7)		236			239
Asset retirement obligation		571			585
Derivative liability (see Note 6)		181			129
10% Senior convertible bonds, net of unamortized deferred financing cost of $23 and $0 and unamortized debt discount of $422 and $0 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 respectively (see Note 5)		2,802			-
Accrued liabilities		485			826
Total current liabilities		4,417			1,887
Long-term liabilities
Lease obligation – non-current (see Note 7)		335			450
Obligation under capital lease		-			19
10% Senior convertible bonds, net of unamortized deferred financing cost of $0 and $36 and unamortized debt discount of $0 and $639 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 respectively (see Note 5 )					2,574
Provision for severance pay		444			402
Total long-term liabilities		779			3,445
Total liabilities		5,196			5,332
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, par value $.01; Authorized: 400,000,000 shares at June 30, 2020: Issued and outstanding: 179,908,354 and 123,973,084 shares at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 respectively		1,799			1,240
Additional paid-in capital		230,220			217,892
Accumulated deficit		(209,340	)		(205,808	)
Total stockholders’ equity		22,679			13,324
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity		27,875			18,656

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited interim consolidated condensed financial statements.

1

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

	For the three months ended						For the six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
	US$ thousands			US$ thousands			US$ thousands			US$ thousands
	(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
General and administrative		1,113			996			2,088			1,922
Impairment of unproved oil and gas properties		-			65			-			228
Other		577			554			1,045			1,109
Loss from operations		(1,690	)		(1,615	)		(3,133	)		(3,259	)
Other income (expense), net
Gain (loss) on derivative liability		(67	)		460			(51	)		82
Foreign exchange loss		(14	)		(6	)		(3	)		-
Financial expenses, net		(153	)		(152	)		(345	)		(306	)
(Loss), gain before income taxes		(1,924	)		(1,313	)		(3,532	)		(3,483	)
Income taxes		-			-			-			-
Net (loss), income		(1,924	)		(1,313	)		(3,532	)		(3,483	)
Net (loss), gain per share of common stock
Basic and diluted (in US$)		(0.01	)		(0.02	)		(0.02	)		(0.05	)
Weighted-average shares outstanding
Basic and diluted (in thousands)		172,361			74,126			155,587			72,073

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited interim consolidated condensed financial statements.

2

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

For the period ended June 30, 2020 

	Common Stock				Additional paid-in		Accumulated
	Shares		Amounts		Capital		deficit			Total
	thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands			US$ thousands
Balances as of December 31, 2019		123,973		1,240		217,892		(205,808	)		13,324
Funds received from sale of DSPP units and shares		53,765		537		11,965		—			12,502
Value of bonds converted to shares		1		*		—		—			—
Bond interest paid in shares		1,782		18		307		—			325
Funds received from option exercises		388		4		—		—			4
Value of options granted to employees, directors and others as non-cash compensation		—		—		56		—			56
Net loss		—		—		—		(3,532	)		(3,532	)
Balances as of June 30, 2020		179,909		1,799		230,220		(209,340	)		22,679

	Common Stock					Additional paid-in		Accumulated
	Shares			Amounts		Capital		deficit			Total
	thousands			US$ thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands			US$ thousands
Balances as of March 31, 2020		164,691			1,647		226,654		(207,416	)		20,885
Funds received from sale of DSPP units and shares		13,437			134		3,259		—			3,393
Value of bonds converted to shares		(1	)		*		*		—			*
Bond interest paid in shares		1,782			18		307		—			325
Funds received from option exercises		—			—		—		—			—
Value of options granted to employees, directors and others as non-cash compensation		—			—		—		—			—
Net loss		—			—		—		(1,924	)		(1,924	)
Balances as of June 30, 2020		179,909			1,799		230,220		(209,340	)		22,679

For the period ended June 30, 2019 

	Common Stock				Additional paid-in		Accumulated
	Shares		Amounts		Capital		deficit			Total
	thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands			US$ thousands
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Balances as of December 31, 2018		66,405		664		203,580		(199,115	)		5,129
Funds received from sale of DSPP units and shares		11,486		115		5,521		—			5,636
Value of bonds converted to shares		5		*		2		—			2
Funds received from option exercises		53		1		—		—			1
Bond interest paid in shares		422		4		323		—			327
Value of options granted to employees, directors and others as non-cash compensation		—		—		40		—			40
Net loss		—		—		—		(3,483	)		(3,483	)
Balances as of June 30, 2019		78,371		784		209,466		(202,598	)		7,652

	Common Stock				Additional paid-in		Accumulated
	Shares		Amounts		Capital		deficit			Total
	thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands			US$ thousands
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Balances as of March 31, 2019		71,066		711		206,077		(201,285	)		5,503
Funds received from sale of DSPP units and shares		6,878		69		3,039		—			3,108
Value of bonds converted to shares		5		*		2		—			2
Bond interest paid in shares		422		4		323		—			327
Value of options granted to employees, directors and others as non-cash compensation		—		—		25		—			25
Net loss		—		—		—		(1,313	)		(1,313	)
Balances as of June 30, 2019		78,371		784		209,466		(202,598	)		7,652

* Less than one thousand.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited interim consolidated condensed financial statements.

3

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

	For the six months ended June 30,
	2020			2019
	US$ thousands			US$ thousands
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss		(3,532	)		(3,483	)
Adjustments required to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		26			25
Cost of options issued to employees, directors and others as non-cash compensation		56			40
Amortization of debt discount related to convertible bonds		228			189
Non-cash interest expense		101			111
Change in derivative liability		51			(82	)
Impairment of unproved oil and gas properties		-			228
Change in assets and liabilities, net:
Other deposits		197			270
Prepaid expenses and other		81			138
Governmental receivables		16			342
Lease obligation – current		(3	)		216
Lease obligation – non current		(115	)		516
Right of Use Lease Assets		104			(685	)
Other receivables		50			28
Severance pay		16			(3	)
Accounts payable		(8	)		(79	)
Asset retirement obligation		(14	)		(29	)
Accrued liabilities		(210	)		(158	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(2,956	)		(2,416	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of property and equipment		(4	)		(3	)
Acquisition of drilling rig and related equipment		(4,609	)		-
Investment in unproved oil and gas properties		(526	)		(3,157	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(5,139	)		(3,160	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Payments related to capital lease		(6	)		(6	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		4			1
Proceeds from issuance of stock and exercise of warrants		12,502			5,636
Net cash provided by financing activities		12,500			5,631
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		4,405			55
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period		5,935			4,125
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period		10,340			4,180
Supplemental schedule of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest		1			1
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Convertible Bond interest paid in shares		325			327
Cost of options capitalized to oil & gas properties		-			-
Unpaid investments in oil & gas properties		68			136
10% Senior Convertible Bonds converted to shares		*			2
Capitalized convertible bond interest attributed to oil and gas properties		59			38

* Less than one thousand

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited interim consolidated condensed financial statements.

4

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, are comprised as follows:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		June 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Cash and cash equivalents		8,288		4,845		3,077		2,791
Restricted cash included in fixed short-term bank deposits		2,052		1,090		1,103		1,325
Restricted cash included in fixed long-term bank deposits		-		-		-		9
		10340		5,935		4,180		4,125

5

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1 - Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Going Concern

A. Nature of Operations

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“we,” “our,” “Zion” or the “Company”) is an oil and gas exploration company with a history of 20 years of oil & gas exploration in Israel. As of June 30, 2020, the Company has no revenues from its oil and gas operations.

Zion maintains its corporate headquarters in Dallas, Texas. The Company also has branch offices in Caesarea, Israel and Geneva, Switzerland. The purpose of the Israel branch is to support the Company’s operations in Israel, and the purpose of the Switzerland branch is to operate a foreign treasury center for the Company.

On January 24, 2020, Zion incorporated a wholly owned subsidiary, Zion Drilling, Inc., a Delaware corporation, for the purpose of owning the rig and related equipment and excess inventory, and on January 31, 2020, Zion incorporated another wholly owned subsidiary, Zion Drilling Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation, to act as the contractor providing such drilling services. When Zion is not using the rig for its own exploration activities, Zion Drilling Services may contract with other operators in Israel to provide drilling services at market rates then in effect.

Zion has the trademark “ZION DRILLING” filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Zion has the trademark filed with the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva, Switzerland, pursuant to the Madrid Agreement and Protocol. In addition, Zion has the trademark filed with the Israeli Trademark Office in Israel.

Exploration Rights/Exploration Activities

The Company currently holds one active petroleum exploration license onshore Israel, the Megiddo-Jezreel License, comprising approximately 99,000 acres, which is scheduled to terminate on December 2, 2020.

The Megiddo Jezreel #1 (“MJ #1”) exploratory well was spud on June 5, 2017 and drilled to a total depth (“TD”) of 5,060 meters (approximately 16,600 feet). Thereafter, the Company successfully cased and cemented the well while awaiting the approval of the testing protocol. The Ministry of Energy approved the well testing protocol on April 29, 2018.

During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company testing protocol was concluded at the MJ#1 well. The test results confirmed that the MJ #1 well did not contain hydrocarbons in commercial quantities in the zones tested. As a result, in the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge to its unproved oil and gas properties of $30,906,000. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company did not record any post-impairment charges. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded a post-impairment charge of approximately $65,000 and $228,000, respectively.

The MJ#1 well provided Zion with information Zion believes is important for potential future exploration efforts within its license area. As with many frontier wildcat wells, the MJ#1 also left several questions unanswered.

While not meant to be an exhaustive list, a summary of what Zion believes to be key information learned in the MJ#1 well is as follows:

1.	The MJ#1 encountered much higher subsurface temperatures at a depth shallower than expected before drilling the well. In our opinion, this is significant because reaching a minimum temperature threshold is necessary for the generation of hydrocarbons from an organic-rich source rock.
2.	The known organic rich (potentially hydrocarbon bearing) Senonian age source rocks that are typically present in this part of Israel were not encountered as expected. Zion expected these source rocks to be encountered at approximately 1,000 meters in the MJ#1 well.
3.	MJ#1 had natural fractures, permeability (the ability of fluid to move through the rock) and porosity (pore space in rock) that allowed the sustained flow of formation fluid in the shallower Jurassic and lower Cretaceous age formations between approximately 1,200 and 1,800 meters. While no hydrocarbons were encountered, Zion believes this fact is nonetheless significant because it provides important information about possible reservoir pressures and the ability of fluids to move within the formation and to the surface.
4.	MJ#1 encountered oil in the Triassic Mohilla formation which Zion believes suggests an active deep petroleum system is in Zion’s license area. There was no natural permeability or porosity in the Triassic Mohilla formation to allow formation fluid to reach the surface naturally during testing and thus the MJ#1 was not producible or commercial.
5.	The depths and thickness of the formations we encountered varied greatly from pre-drill estimates. This required the MJ#1 to be drilled to a much greater depth than previously expected. Zion has tied these revised formation depths to seismic data which will allow for more accurate interpretation and mapping in the future.

6

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1 - Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Going Concern (cont’d)

A summary of what Zion believes to be some key questions left to be answered are:

1. Is the missing shallow Senonian age source rock a result of regional erosion, or is it missing because of a fault that cut the well-bore and could be reasonably expected to be encountered in the vicinity of the MJ#1 drill site? Zion believes this is an important question to answer because if the Senonian source rocks do exist in this area, the high temperatures encountered are sufficient to mature these source rocks and generate oil.

2. Do the unusually high shallow subsurface temperatures extend regionally beyond the MJ#1 well, which could allow for the generation of hydrocarbons in the Senonian age source rock within our license area?

3. As a consequence of seismic remapping, where does the MJ#1 well lie relative to the potential traps at the Jurassic and Triassic levels and was the well location too low on the structures and deeper than the potential hydrocarbons within those traps?

Zion completed all of the land compensation for the 3-D survey in November 2019. All land parcels and the kibbutz approved the completion of the geophysical survey. Subsequently, the Contractor demobilized the equipment from Israel to Europe. All field data from acquisition was delivered to Dallas, Texas and the Ministry of Energy in Israel. Additionally, the final acquisition reports from the Contractor and Zion were delivered to the Ministry of Energy in December per the guidelines enacted in July 2019. Zion has provided the Ministry of Energy a Time to Depth volume of the 3D data set along with a raw version of time stack data. Multiple velocity runs on the data set are complete and agreed upon by Zion’s geology and geophysics team.

Zion and Agile Seismic Processing Services (“ASPS”) are continuing to process and interpret the data set with state-of-the-art technologies allowing for comprehensive imaging at depth. Zion’s previous 2-D data sets have been added into the 3-D volume allowing for further verification. Zion and ASPS are completing the final version of depth domain data volumes. The final report and data set are anticipated in Q3 2020 pending any further Covid-19 delays and/or logistical issues. Our questions from the MJ#1 well are being correlated with the 3-D data set to provide potential solutions on a go forward basis. 

Zion’s in house geology and geophysics team are continuing to map the Jurassic zones within the MJ01 well location. Locations and volumetric analyses are being performed and populated into the 2020 drilling plan for the Ministry of Energy. Larger interpretation of the data set continues over the entire 3D volume with fault mapping/geological verification from MJ01 well log data. The paleo data from MJ01 core samples are being reviewed as well.

The MJ02 drilling plan was submitted to the Ministry of Energy on April 11, 2020 for review and approval. On July 29, 2020, the Ministry of Energy approved our MJ02 drilling plan.

Megiddo-Jezreel Petroleum License, No. 401 (“MJL”)

The Megiddo-Jezreel License (No. 401) was awarded on December 3, 2013 for a three-year primary term through December 2, 2016 with the possibility of additional one-year extensions up to a maximum of seven years. The current scheduled date of termination is December 2, 2020. The Megiddo-Jezreel License lies onshore, south and west of the Sea of Galilee and we continue our exploration focus here as it appears to possess the key geologic ingredients of an active petroleum system with significant exploration potential.

On January 31, 2019, Zion submitted its Application for Extension of Continued Work Program Due Date on the Megiddo-Jezreel License No. 401.  The additional time was necessary to finalize the work program. On February 3, 2019 Israel’s Petroleum Commissioner granted Zion’s work program report extension to February 28, 2019, as shown below:

Number	Activity Description	Execution by:
1	Submit program for continuation of work under license	28 February 2019

On February 24, 2019 and thereafter on February 26, 2019 Zion submitted its proposed 2019 Work Program on the Megiddo-Jezreel License No. 401. 

On February 28, 2019 Israel’s Petroleum Commissioner officially approved the revised and updated Work Program on the Megiddo-Jezreel License No. 401 as shown below:

Number	Activity description	Execution by:
1	Submission of seismic survey plan to the Commissioner and execution of an agreement with a contractor to perform	30 April 2019
2	Commence 3D seismic survey in an area of approximately 50 square kilometers	1 August 2019
3	Transfer of field material configuration and processed material to the Ministry pursuant to Ministry guidelines	15 December 2019
4	Submit interpretation report	20 February 2020

7

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1 - Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Going Concern (cont’d)

On April 30, 2019 Zion submitted its Application for Extension of Continued Work Program Due Date on the Megiddo-Jezreel License No. 401. The additional time was necessary for Zion to conduct a 3D survey in an area of approximately 72 square kilometers. This required, among others, extensive permitting activities with relevant local landowners, the ILA, certain authorities and others, and the seismic survey area may not conclude prior to the beginning of the rainy season in Israel. This in turn would result in additional delay, as rain and mud are not conducive to the performance of a seismic survey which includes extensive use of vibrators.

Zion’s proposed new timelines and activity descriptions are shown below:

Number	Activity description	Execution by:
1	Submission of seismic survey plan to the Commissioner and execution of an agreement with a contractor to perform	30 November 2019
2	Commence 3D seismic survey in an area of approximately 72 square kilometers	1 April 2020
3	Transfer of field material configuration and processed material to the Ministry pursuant to Ministry guidelines	15 August 2020
4	Submit interpretation report	15 November, 2020

On May 1, 2019, Israel’s Petroleum Commissioner granted Zion’s work program report extension.

As previously disclosed, the Company required authorization from the ILA, the formal lessor of the land to Kibbutz Sde Eliyahu, on whose property the drilling pad is currently situated, to access and utilize the drill site (“surface use agreement”). The Company received this authorization on July 4, 2016. This was preceded by the Company’s May 15, 2016 signed agreement with the kibbutz. On January 11, 2017, an agreement was signed by the Company and the ILA by which the surface usage agreement was extended through December 3, 2017. On December 31, 2017, an agreement was signed by the Company and the ILA by which the surface usage agreement was extended through December 3, 2019. On July 1, 2019, an agreement was signed by the Company and the ILA by which the surface usage agreement was extended through December 3, 2020.

B. Basis of Presentation 

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated condensed financial statements of Zion Oil & Gas, Inc. have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with Article 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring accruals necessary for a fair statement of financial position, results of operations and cash flows, have been included. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The year-end balance sheet data presented for comparative purposes was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the year ending December 31, 2020 or for any other subsequent interim period.

C. Going Concern  

The Company incurs cash outflows from operations, and all exploration activities and overhead expenses to date have been financed by way of equity or debt financing. The recoverability of the costs incurred to date is uncertain and dependent upon achieving significant commercial production. 

The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining the necessary financing to undertake further exploration and development activities and ultimately generating profitable operations from its oil and natural gas interests in the future. The Company’s current operations are dependent upon the adequacy of its current assets to meet its current expenditure requirements and the accuracy of management’s estimates of those requirements. Should those estimates be materially incorrect, the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern may be impaired. The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company incurred a net loss of approximately $3.53 million and had an accumulated deficit of approximately $209.3 million. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

To carry out planned operations, the Company must raise additional funds through additional equity and/or debt issuances or through profitable operations. There can be no assurance that this capital or positive operational income will be available to the Company, and if it is not, the Company may be forced to curtail or cease exploration and development activities. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. 

8

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

A. Net Gain (Loss) per Share Data 

Basic and diluted net (loss) gain per share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), is presented in conformity with ASC 260-10 “Earnings Per Share.” Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share, as the inclusion of 10,529,736 and 10,589,366 and 9,621,083 and 9,644,820 Common Stock equivalents in the three and six-month period ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 respectively, would be anti-dilutive.

B. Use of Estimates 

The preparation of the accompanying financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of unproved oil and gas properties, deferred tax assets, asset retirement obligations and legal contingencies. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Illiquid credit markets, volatile equity, foreign currency, and energy markets have combined to increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.

C. Oil and Gas Properties and Impairment

The Company follows the full-cost method of accounting for oil and gas properties. Accordingly, all costs associated with acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas reserves, including directly related overhead costs, are capitalized.

All capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, including the estimated future costs to develop proved reserves, are amortized on the unit-of-production method using estimates of proved reserves. Investments in unproved properties and major development projects are not amortized until proved reserves associated with the projects can be determined or until impairment occurs. If the results of an assessment indicate that the properties are impaired, the amount of the impairment is included in loss from continuing operations before income taxes, and the adjusted carrying amount of the proved properties is amortized on the unit-of-production method.

The Company’s oil and gas property represents an investment in unproved properties. These costs are excluded from the amortized cost pool until proved reserves are found or until it is determined that the costs are impaired. All costs excluded are reviewed at least quarterly to determine if impairment has occurred. The amount of any impairment is charged to expense since a reserve base has not yet been established. Impairment requiring a charge to expense may be indicated through evaluation of drilling results, relinquishing drilling rights or other information.

During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company testing protocol was concluded at the Megiddo Jezreel #1 (“MJ #1”) well. The test results confirmed that the MJ #1 well did not contain hydrocarbons in commercial quantities in the zones tested. As a result of the above determination, in the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge to its unproved oil and gas properties of $30,906,000. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company did not record any post-impairment charges. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded a post-impairment charge of approximately $65,000 and $228,000, respectively (see Note 4).

Currently, the Company has no economically recoverable reserves and no amortization base. The Company’s unproved oil and gas properties consist of capitalized exploration costs of $11,286,000 and $10,637,000 as of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively.

9

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont’d)

D. Fair Value Measurements 

The Company follows Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” as amended by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Financial Staff Position (FSP) No. 157 and related guidance. Those provisions relate to the Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value and the fair value disclosures related to financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value, expands related disclosure requirements, and specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on the nature of the inputs used to develop the fair value measures. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, assuming the transaction occurs in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability.

The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires the Company to use observable inputs when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs, when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows:

● Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted market prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;

● Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly in the marketplace for identical or similar assets and liabilities; and

● Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions.

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, are carried at historical cost. At June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the carrying amounts of these instruments approximated their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Derivative instruments are carried at fair value, generally estimated using the Binomial Model. 

E. Derivative Liabilities 

In accordance with ASC 815-40-25 and ASC 815-10-15 Derivatives and Hedging and ASC 480-10-25 Liabilities-Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the embedded derivatives associated with the Convertible Bonds are accounted for as a liability during the term of the related Convertible Bonds (see Note 6).

F. Stock-Based Compensation 

ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” prescribes accounting and reporting standards for all share-based payment transactions in which employee services are acquired. Transactions include incurring liabilities, or issuing or offering to issue shares, options, and other equity instruments such as employee stock ownership plans and stock appreciation rights. Share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, are recognized as compensation expense in the financial statements based on their fair values. That expense is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award, known as the requisite service period (usually the vesting period).

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation issued to non-employees and consultants in accordance with the provisions of ASC 505-50, “Equity – Based Payments to Non-Employees.” Measurement of share-based payment transactions with non-employees is based on the fair value of whichever is more reliably measurable: (a) the goods or services received; or (b) the equity instruments issued. The fair value of the share-based payment transaction is determined at the earlier of performance commitment date or performance completion date.

G. Warrants 

In connection with the Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (“DSPP”) financing arrangements, the Company has issued warrants to purchase shares of its common stock. The outstanding warrants are standalone instruments that are not puttable or mandatorily redeemable by the holder and are classified as equity awards. The Company measures the fair value of the awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model as of the measurement date. Warrants issued in conjunction with the issuance of common stock are initially recorded and accounted as a part of the DSPP investment as additional paid-in capital of the common stock issued. All other warrants are recorded at fair value and expensed over the requisite service period or at the date of issuance, if there is not a service period. Warrants granted in connection with ongoing arrangements are more fully described in Note 3, Stockholders’ Equity.

H. Related parties 

Parties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. All transactions with related parties are recorded at fair value of the goods or services exchanged. Zion did not have any related party transactions for the periods covered in this report, with the exception of recurring monthly consulting fees paid to certain management personnel.

10

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont’d)

I. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements  

ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2018-01 – Leases (Topic 842)

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”) in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. Zion adopted ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019. Presently, Zion has operating leases for office space in Dallas, Texas and in Caesarea, Israel plus various leases for motor vehicles. These leases have been accounted for under ASU 2016-02 in 2019 and 2020 by establishing a right-of-use asset and a corresponding current lease liability and non-current lease liability. Zion is not subject to any loan covenants and therefore, the increase in assets and liabilities does not have a material impact on its business.

In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, “Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842.”

The amendments in this Update provide an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate under Topic 842 existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under Topic 840, Leases. An entity that elects this practical expedient should evaluate new or modified land easements under Topic 842 beginning at the date that the entity adopts Topic 842. An entity that does not elect this practical expedient should evaluate all existing or expired land easements in connection with the adoption of the new lease requirements in Topic 842 to assess whether they meet the definition of a lease. The Company does not have any land easements and believes that this ASU 2018-01 has no effect on the Company.

ASU 2018-07

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees by aligning it with the accounting for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2018-07 did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-08 – Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)

In August 2016, the FASB issued AS 2016-15, “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”, which clarifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The effective date for ASU 2016-15 is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-15 on our financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) (“ASU 2016-18”), which requires that restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total cash amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The effective date for ASU 2016-18 is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted ASU 2016-18 effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 had no impact on our retained earnings, and no impact to our net income on an ongoing basis. Adoption of the new standard requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and amounts generally described as restricted cash, or restricted cash equivalents. The amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statements of cash flows. The amendments have been applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented, as required.

ASU 2018-05 – Income Taxes (Topic 740)

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05, “Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118”. This ASU expresses the view of the staff regarding application of Topic 740, Income Taxes, in the reporting period that includes December 22, 2017, the date on which the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R.1, An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018) was signed into law. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2018-05 on our financial statements.  

The Company does not believe that the adoption of any recently issued accounting pronouncements in 2020 had a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flow, except for ASC Update No. 2016-02—Leases, which requires organizations to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019. See Note 7 for more complete details on balances at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019. 

11

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont’d)

J. Depreciation and Accounting for Drilling Rig and Inventory 

On March 12, 2020, Zion entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Central European Drilling kft, a Hungarian corporation, to purchase an onshore oil and gas drilling rig, drilling pipe, related equipment and excess inventory for a purchase price of $5.6 million in cash, subject to acceptance testing and potential downward adjustment. We remitted to the Seller $250,000 on February 6, 2020 as earnest money towards the purchase price. The Closing anticipated by the Agreement also took place on March 12, 2020 by the Seller’s execution and delivery of a Bill of Sale to us. On March 13, 2020, the Seller retained the earnest money deposit, and the Company remitted $4,350,000 to the seller towards the purchase price and $1,000,000 (the “Holdback Amount”) was deposited in escrow with American Stock Transfer and Trust Company LLC, as escrow agent, through October 1, 2020, or as extended by mutual agreement of the parties, pending a determination, if any, by us of any operating deficiency in the drilling rig. Should we determine in our sole opinion that the drilling rig is not in satisfactory operating condition, then upon notice to the Seller, we and the Seller shall jointly determine if the operating deficiencies identified by us existed prior to the closing of the transaction. If it is determined that these deficiencies existed prior to the closing, then the Seller will undertake to cure the deficiencies within a reasonable time period. If the Seller is unable or unwilling to cure the deficiencies within the time period agrees to between the parties, we may solicit third party bids to repair the deficiencies and the cost thereof shall be paid out of the Holdback Amount.

The Drilling Rig will be imported into Israel from Romania, where the Drilling Rig is currently stored. The State of Israel has imposed travel restrictions relating to the Coronavirus outbreak, including a requirement that any person arriving into Israel, including the operating crew for the Drilling Rig, will need to undergo a two week quarantine. In addition, the ports of entry into Israel through which the Drilling rig will need to enter, may be undergoing work disruptions on account of the virus outbreak. Accordingly, it is not possible at the present time to accurately estimate the time or resources that may be necessary to import the Drilling Rig onto the well site or any delay arising as a consequence of the outbreak.

Since the rig was purchased and closed during March 2020, it is sound accounting practice for this purchase to be recorded on Zion’s books as a long term fixed asset. The full purchase price of the drilling rig was $5.6 million, inclusive of approximately $900,000 in spare parts inventory (“spare parts” or “inventory”). The value of the inventory is contained inside the drilling rig and inventory account on the balance sheet and not broken out separately. However, only $4,600,000 of the purchase price is charged to the drilling rig and inventory account. The remaining $1,000,000 represents funds held in escrow until the rig undergoes acceptance testing in Israel. This $1,000,000 is presently on our books as a fixed short term escrow deposit as of June 30, 2020 and we’ve confirmed this balance with the escrow agent. 

The Seller further agreed to allow the Buyer to store the drilling rig on its premises, at Buyer’s risk of loss, at no charge until April 30, 2020. However, due to COVID and worldwide logistical issues, the Seller has agreed to not charge the Buyer any rental fees ($1,500/month) as of June 30, 2020.

In accordance with GAAP accounting rules, per the matching principle, monthly depreciation will be recorded beginning in the month that the asset is “placed in service.” The expectation at this point in time is that this date would be sometime in Q3 2020 (however, this is subject to change given the coronavirus pandemic and other logistical factors). Due to the high quality of the I-35 drilling rig (the rig Zion purchased), we believe that the useful life is 10 years. Furthermore, we believe that straight-line depreciation is the best GAAP accounting method that most appropriately reflects the matching principle.

As mentioned previously, there is approximately $900,000 worth of consumable inventory included in the rig purchase. When the drilling rig and inventory items arrive at the Israeli port or perhaps later at the well site, it is expected that there will be a verification/count of the inventory. Any such physical documentation of such count(s) will be obtained and saved in our files. Zion will also plan to obtain a physical count of the inventory at the end of each quarter, or as close to such date as practical, in accordance with our normal inventory procedures.

12

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont’d)

Zion will use the First In First Out (“FIFO”) method of accounting for the inventory, meaning that the earliest items purchased will be the first item charged to the well in which the inventory gets consumed.

Zion expects the useful life of the rig to be 10 years. The depreciation method used will be straight line. It is also noteworthy that various components and systems on the rig will be subject to certifications by the manufacturer to ensure that the rig is maintained at optimal levels. Per standard practice in upstream oil and gas, each certification performed on our drilling rig increases the useful life of the rig by five years. The costs of each certification will be added to the drilling rig account and our straight-line amortization will be adjusted accordingly.

Note 3 - Stockholders’ Equity

The Company’s shareholders approved to amend the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of shares of common stock, par value $0.01, that the Company is authorized to issue from 200,000,000 shares to 400,000,000 shares, effective June 11, 2020.

A. 2011 Equity Incentive Stock Option Plan

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company granted the following options from the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan for employees, directors and consultants, to purchase as non-cash compensation (the exercise of penny stock options is taxable at full market value on the date of exercise):

i. Options to purchase 110,000 shares of Common Stock to five senior officers at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The options vested upon grant and are exercisable through January 6, 2030. The fair value of the options at the date of grant amounted to approximately $57,000.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company granted the following options from the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan for employees, directors and consultants, to purchase as non-cash compensation (the exercise of penny stock options are taxable on the date of exercise):

i.

Options to purchase 25,000 shares of Common Stock to one senior officer at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The options vested upon grant and are exercisable through January 6, 2029. The fair value of the options at the date of grant amounted to approximately $10,000.

i.

Options to purchase 100,000 shares of Common Stock to one senior officer at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The options are exercisable through May 1, 2029. However, the vesting and exercisability of these options is subject to the following schedule: (a) 50,000 options vest on September 1, 2019 and (b) the remaining 50,000 options vest on January 1, 2020. The fair value of the options at the date of grant amounted to $55,000.

B. 2011 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, the Company did not grant any qualified (market value) options from the 2011 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan to its directors.

13

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 3 - Stockholders’ Equity (cont’d)

C. Stock Options

The stock option transactions since January 1, 2020 are shown in the table below:

	Number of shares			Weighted Average exercise price
				US$
Outstanding, December 31, 2019		5,195,250			1.12
Changes during 2020 to:
Granted to employees, officers, directors and others *		110,000			0.01
Expired/Cancelled/Forfeited		(415,000	)		1.74
Exercised		(387,500	)		0.01
Outstanding, June 30, 2020		4,502,750			1.13
Exercisable, June 30, 2020		4,502,750			1.13

* The receipt of a stock option grant by the grantee recipient is a non-taxable event according to the Internal Revenue Service. The grantee who later chooses to exercise penny stock options must recognize the market value in income in the year of exercise.

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of June 30, 2020:

Shares underlying outstanding options (non-vested)								Shares underlying outstanding options (fully vested)
Range of exercise price		Number outstanding		Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)		Weighted Average Exercise price		Range of exercise price		Number Outstanding		Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)		Weighted Average Exercise price
US$						US$		US$						US$
	—		—		—		—		0.01		10,000		3.37		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		5,000		3.95		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		20,000		5.92		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		130,000		6.50		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		60,000		6.79		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		40,000		7.25		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		97,500		7.50		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		25,000		7.51		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		30,000		7.66		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		6,000		7.76		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		25,000		8.52		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		50,000		8.83		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		95,000		9.00		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		10,000		9.17		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		205,000		9.21		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		435,000		9.38		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		85,000		9.51		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.16		340,000		5.44		0.16
	—		—		—		—		0.16		150,000		9.44		0.16
	—		—		—		—		0.18		25,000		5.42		0.18
	—		—		—		—		0.28		25,000		5.17		0.28
	—		—		—		—		0.28		25,000		9.17		0.28
	—		—		—		—		1.33		25,000		2.83		1.33
	—		—		—		—		1.38		108,000		0.51		1.38
	—		—		—		—		1.38		105,307		4.51		1.38
	—		—		—		—		1.55		300,000		1.93		1.55
	—		—		—		—		1.67		300,000		0.25		1.67
	—		—		—		—		1.67		405,943		4.26		1.67
	—		—		—		—		1.70		218,500		2.47		1.70
	—		—		—		—		1.75		300,000		3.02		1.75
	—		—		—		—		1.78		25,000		4.18		1.78
	—		—		—		—		2.03		25,000		0.84		2.03
	—		—		—		—		2.31		300,000		3.51		2.31
									2.61		471,500		1.43		2.61
	—		—		—		—		4.15		25,000		4.01		4.15
									0.01-4.15		4,502,750				1.13

14

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 3 - Stockholders’ Equity (cont’d)

Granted to employees

The following table sets forth information about the weighted-average fair value of options granted to employees and directors during the year, using the Black Scholes option-pricing model and the weighted-average assumptions used for such grants:

	For the six months ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Weighted-average fair value of underlying stock at grant date	$	0.52		$	0.53
Dividend yields		—			—
Expected volatility		103	%		87%-88	%
Risk-free interest rates		1.61	%		2.31%-2.53	%
Expected lives (in years)		5.00			5.00-5.34
Weighted-average grant date fair value	$	0.51		$	0.52

Granted to non-employees

The following table sets forth information about the weighted-average fair value of options granted to non-employees during the year, using the Black Scholes option-pricing model and the weighted-average assumptions used for such grants:

	For the six months ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Weighted-average fair value of underlying stock at grant date	$	—	$	—
Dividend yields		—		—
Expected volatility		—		—
Risk-free interest rates		—		—
Expected lives (in years)		—		—
Weighted-average grant date fair value	$	—	$	—

The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the options.

The expected life represents the weighted average period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected life of the options granted to employees and directors is calculated based on the Simplified Method as allowed under Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 110 (“SAB 110”), giving consideration to the contractual term of the options and their vesting schedules, as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data at this time. The expected life of the option granted to non-employees equals their contractual term. In the case of an extension of the option life, the calculation was made on the basis of the extended life.

D. Compensation Cost for Warrant and Option Issuances

The following table sets forth information about the compensation cost of warrant and option issuances recognized for employees and directors:

For the three months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		25

For the six months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	56		40

15

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 3 - Stockholders’ Equity (cont’d)

The following table sets forth information about the compensation cost of warrant and option issuances recognized for non-employees:

For the three months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		—

For the six months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		—

The following table sets forth information about the compensation cost of option issuances recognized for employees and non-employees and capitalized to Unproved Oil & Gas properties:

For the three months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		—

For the six months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		—

E. Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (“DSPP”)

On March 27, 2014, we launched our Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (the “DSPP”) pursuant to which stockholders and interested investors can purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock as well as units of the Company’s securities directly from the Company. The terms of the DSPP are described in the Prospectus Supplement originally filed on March 31, 2014 (the “Original Prospectus Supplement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Company’s effective registration Statement on Form S-3, as thereafter amended.

On January 13, 2015, the Company amended the Original Prospectus Supplement (“Amendment No. 3”) to provide for a unit option (the “Unit Option”) under the DSPP comprised of one share of Common Stock and three Common Stock purchase warrants with each unit priced at $4.00. Each warrant afforded the participant the opportunity to purchase the Company’s Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $1.00. Each of the three warrants series has different expiration dates that have been extended.

The ZNWAB warrants first became exercisable on May 2, 2016 and, in the case of ZNWAC on May 2, 2017 and in the case of ZNWAD on May 2, 2018, at a per share exercise price of $1.00.

As of May 2, 2017, any outstanding ZNWAB warrants expired.

As of May 2, 2018, any outstanding ZNWAC warrants expired.

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAD Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of May 2, 2020 to May 2, 2021. Zion considers this warrant as permanent equity per ASC 815-40-35-2. As such, there is no value assigned to this extension.

On November 1, 2016, the Company launched a unit offering (the “Unit Program”) under the Company’s DSPP pursuant to which participants could purchase units comprised of seven shares of Common Stock and seven Common Stock purchase warrants, at a per unit purchase price of $10. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAE.”

The ZNWAE warrants became exercisable on May 1, 2017 and continue to be exercisable through May 1, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $1.00.

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAE Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of May 1, 2020 to May 1, 2021. Zion considers this warrant as permanent equity per ASC 815-40-35-2. As such, there is no value assigned to this extension.

The warrant terms provide that if the Company’s Common Stock trades above $5.00 per share at the closing price for 15 consecutive trading days at any time prior to the expiration date of the warrant, the Company may, in its sole discretion, accelerate the termination of the warrant upon providing 60 days advanced notice to the warrant holders.

16

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 3 - Stockholders’ Equity (cont’d)

On February 23, 2017, the Company filed a Form S-3 with the SEC (Registration No. 333-216191) as a replacement for the Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-193336), for which the three year period ended March 31, 2017, along with the base Prospectus and Supplemental Prospectus. The Form S-3, as amended, and the new base Prospectus became effective on March 10, 2017, along with the Prospectus Supplement that was filed and became effective on March 10, 2017. The Prospectus Supplement under Registration No. 333-216191 describes the terms of the DSPP and replaces the prior Prospectus Supplement, as amended, under the prior Registration No. 333-193336.

On May 22, 2017, the Company launched a new unit offering (the “New Unit Program”). The New Unit Program consisted of a new combination of common stock and warrants, a new time period in which to purchase under the program, and a new unit price, but otherwise the same unit program features, conditions and terms in the Prospectus Supplement applied. The New Unit Program terminated on July 12, 2017. This New Unit Program enabled participants to purchase Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) the number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing $250.00 (the price of one Unit) by the average of the high and low sale prices of the Company’s Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ on the unit purchase date and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional 25 shares of Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $1.00 per share. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAF.”

All ZNWAF warrants became exercisable on August 14, 2017 and continue to be exercisable through August 14, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $1.00.

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAF Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of August 14, 2020 to August 14, 2021. Zion considers this warrant as permanent equity per ASC 815-40-35-2. As such, there is no value assigned to this extension.

The warrant terms provide that if the Company’s Common Stock trades above $5.00 per share as the closing price for 15 consecutive trading days at any time prior to the expiration date of the warrant, the Company has the sole discretion to accelerate the termination date of the warrant upon providing 60 days advanced notice to the warrant holders.

An Amendment No. 2 to the Prospectus Supplement (as described below) was filed on October 12, 2017.

Under Amendment No. 2, the Company initiated another Unit Option Program which terminated on December 6, 2017. This Unit Option Program enabled participants to purchase Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) a certain number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing $250.00 (the price of one Unit) by the average of the high and low sale prices of the Company’s Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ on the unit purchase date and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional 15 shares of Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $1.00 per share. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAG.”

The warrants became exercisable on January 8, 2018 and continue to be exercisable through January 8, 2021 at a per share exercise price of $1.00. The warrant terms provide that if the Company’s Common Stock trades above $5.00 per share as the closing price for 15 consecutive trading days at any time prior to the expiration date of the warrant, the Company has the sole discretion to accelerate the termination date of the warrant upon providing 60 days advanced notice to the warrant holders.

On February 1, 2018, the Company launched another Unit Option Program which terminated on February 28, 2018. The Unit Option consisted of Units of our securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) 50 shares of Common Stock and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional 50 shares of Common Stock. The investor’s Plan account was credited with the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock acquired under the Units purchased. Each warrant affords the investor the opportunity to purchase one share of Company Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $5.00. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAH.”

The warrants became exercisable on April 2, 2018 and continue to be exercisable through April 2, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $5.00, after the Company, on December 4, 2018, extended the termination date of the Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of April 2, 2019 to April 2, 2020.

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAH Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of April 2, 2020 to April 2, 2021. Zion considers this warrant as permanent equity per ASC 815-40-35-2. As such, there is no value assigned to this extension.

On August 21, 2018, the Company initiated another Unit Option Program, and it terminated on September 26, 2018. The Unit Option Program consisted of Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) a certain number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing $250.00 (the price of one Unit) by the average of the high and low sale prices of the Company’s publicly traded common stock as reported on the NASDAQ on the Unit Purchase Date and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional twenty-five (25) shares of Common Stock. The investor’s Plan account was credited with the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock acquired under the Units purchased. Each warrant affords the investor the opportunity to purchase one share of Company Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $1.00. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAJ.”

The warrants became exercisable on October 29, 2018 and continue to be exercisable through October 29, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $1.00, after the Company, on December 4, 2018, extended the termination date of the Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of October 29, 2019 to October 29, 2020.

17

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 3 - Stockholders’ Equity (cont’d)

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAJ Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of October 29, 2020 to October 29, 2021. Zion considers this warrant as permanent equity per ASC 815-40-35-2. As such, there is no value assigned to this extension.

On December 10, 2018, the Company initiated another Unit Option Program, and it terminated on January 23, 2019. The Unit Option Program consisted of Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) is comprised of (i) two hundred and fifty (250) shares of Common Stock and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional two hundred and fifty (250) shares of Common Stock at a per share exercise price of $0.01. The investor’s Plan account was credited with the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock and Warrants that are acquired under the Units purchased. Each warrant affords the participant the opportunity to purchase one share of our Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $0.01. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAK.”

The warrants became exercisable on February 25, 2019 and continue to be exercisable through February 25, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $0.01.

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAK Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of February 25, 2020 to February 25, 2021. Zion considers this warrant as permanent equity per ASC 815-40-35-2. As such, there is no value assigned to this extension.

On April 24, 2019, the Company’s most recent Unit Option Program began and it terminated on June 26, 2019, after the Company, on June 5, 2019, extended the termination date of the Unit Option Program.

The Unit Option Program consisted of Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) two hundred and fifty (250) shares of Common Stock and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional fifty (50) shares of Common Stock at a per share exercise price of $2.00. The investor’s Plan account was credited with the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock and Warrants acquired under the Units purchased. For Plan participants who enrolled into the Unit Program with the purchase of at least one Unit and also enrolled in the separate Automatic Monthly Investments (“AMI”) program at a minimum of $50.00 per month or more, received an additional twenty-five (25) warrants at an exercise price of $2.00 during this Unit Option Program. The twenty-five (25) additional warrants were for enrolling into the AMI program. Existing subscribers to the AMI were entitled to the additional twenty-five (25) warrants once, if they purchased at least one (1) unit during the Unit program. Each warrant affords the participant the opportunity to purchase one share of our Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $2.00. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAL.”

The warrants became exercisable on August 26, 2019 and continue to be exercisable through August 26, 2021 at a per share exercise price of $2.00.

On December 9, 2019 Zion filed an Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-235299) solely for the purpose of re-filing a revised Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement. This Amendment No. 1 does not modify any provision of the prospectus that forms a part of the Registration Statement and accordingly, such prospectus has not been included herein.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, approximately $3,393,000, and $12,502,000 were raised under the DSPP program, respectively.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, approximately $3,108,000, and $5,636,000 were raised under the DSPP program, respectively.

The company raised approximately $6,400,000 from the period July 1, 2020 through August 7, 2020, under the DSPP program.

The warrants represented by the ticker ZNWAA are tradeable on the Nasdaq market. However, all of the other warrants characterized above, in the table below, and throughout this Form 10-K, are not tradeable and are used internally for classification and accounting purposes only.

F. Subscription Rights Offering 

On April 2, 2018 the Company announced an offering (“2018 Subscription Rights Offering”) through American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (the “Subscription Agent”), at no cost to the shareholders, of non-transferable Subscription Rights (each “Right” and collectively, the “Rights”) to purchase its securities to persons who owned shares of our Common Stock on April 13, 2018 (“the Record Date”). Pursuant to the 2018 Subscription Rights Offering, each holder of shares of common stock on the Record Date received non-transferable Subscription Rights, with each Right comprised of one share of the Company Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”) and one Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase an additional one share of Common Stock. Each Right could be exercised or subscribed at a per Right subscription price of $5.00. Each Warrant affords the investor the opportunity to purchase one share of the Company Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $3.00. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAI.”

The warrants became exercisable on June 29, 2018 and continue to be exercisable through June 29, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $3.00, after the Company, on December 4, 2018, extended the termination date of the Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of June 29, 2019 to June 29, 2020.

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAI Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of June 29, 2020 to June 29, 2021.

Each shareholder received .10 (one tenth) of a Subscription Right (i.e. one Subscription Right for each 10 shares owned) for each share of the Company’s Common Stock owned on the Record Date.

18

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 3 - Stockholders’ Equity (cont’d)

The 2018 Subscription Rights Offering terminated on May 31, 2018. The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $3,038,000, from the subscription of Rights, after deducting fees and expenses of $243,000 incurred in connection with the rights offering.

G. Warrants Extended 

On December 4, 2018, the Company executed an Amendment to certain Warrant Agent Agreements (the “Agreements”) between the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company (“AST”).  The Company has implemented Agreements with AST as the Company’s Warrant Agent (the “Warrant Agent”), under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated February 2, 2015 for the Warrant ZNWAD, under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated February 1, 2018 for the Warrant ZNWAH, under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated April 2, 2018 for the Warrant ZNWAI and under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated August 21, 2018 for the Warrant ZNWAJ.

The Warrant ZNWAD had an expiration date of May 2, 2019, the Warrant ZNWAH had an expiration date of April 19, 2019, the Warrant ZNWAI had an expiration date of June 29, 2019 and the Warrant ZNWAJ had an expiration date of October 29, 2019.

Pursuant to Section 3.2 of the Warrant Agent Agreements, the Company in its sole discretion extended the termination date of the above Warrants by delaying the Expiration Dates and such extension shall be identical in duration among all of the Warrants. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAD by one (1) year from the expiration date of May 2, 2019 to May 2, 2020. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAH by one (1) year from the expiration date of April 19, 2019 to April 19, 2020. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAI by one (1) year from the expiration date of June 29, 2019 to June 29, 2020. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAJ by one (1) year from the expiration date of October 29, 2019 to October 29, 2020.

On May 29, 2019, the Company executed an Amendment to certain Warrant Agent Agreements (the “Agreements”) between the Company and American Stock Transfer& Trust Company, (“AST”).  The Company has implemented Agreements with AST as the Company’s Warrant Agent (the “Warrant Agent”), under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated August 1, 2014 for the Warrant ZNWAA, under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated November 1, 2016 for the Warrant ZNWAE, under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated May 22, 2017 for the Warrant ZNWAF, and under the Warrant Agent Agreement dated December 7, 2018 for the warrant ZNWAK.

The Warrant ZNWAA had an expiration date of January 31, 2020, Warrant ZNWAD had an has an expiration date of May 2, 2020, Warrant ZNWAE had an expiration date of May 1, 2020, Warrant ZNWAF had an expiration date of August 14, 2020, Warrant ZNWAH had an expiration date of April 19, 2020, Warrant ZNWAI had an expiration date of June 29, 2020, Warrant ZNWAJ had an expiration date of October 29, 2020 and the Warrant ZNWAK had an expiration date of February 25, 2020.

Pursuant to Section 3.2 of the Warrant Agent Agreements, on May 29, 2019, the Company in its sole discretion extended the duration of the above Warrants by delaying the Expiration Dates and such extension shall be identical in duration among all of the Warrants. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAA by one (1) year from the expiration date of January 31, 2020 to January 31, 2021. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAD by one (1) year from the expiration date of May 2, 2020 to May 2, 2021. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAE by one (1) year from the expiration date of May 1, 2020 to May 1, 2021. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAF by one (1) year from the expiration date of August 14, 2020 to August 14, 2021.The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAH by one (1) year from the expiration date of April 19, 2020 to April 19, 2021. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAI by one (1) year from the expiration date of June 29, 2020 to June 29, 2021. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAJ by one (1) year from the expiration date of October 29, 2020 to October 29, 2021. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAK by one (1) year from the expiration date of February 25, 2020 to February 25, 2021.

H. Warrant Table 

The warrants balances at December 31, 2019 and transactions since January 1, 2020 are shown in the table below:

Warrants	Exercise Price		Warrant Termination Date	Outstanding Balance, 12/31/2019		Warrants Issued		Warrants Exercised			Warrants Expired		Outstanding Balance, 06/30/2020
ZNWAA	$	2.00	01/31/2021		1,498,804		-		-			-		1,498,804
ZNWAD	$	1.00	05/02/2021		243,853		-		-			-		243,853
ZNWAE	$	1.00	05/02/2021		2,144,470		-		(371	)		-		2,144,099
ZNWAF	$	1.00	08/14/2021		359,585		-		-			-		359,585
ZNWAG	$	1.00	01/08/2021		240,578		-		-			-		240,578
ZNWAH	$	5.00	04/19/2021		372,400		-		-			-		372,400
ZNWAI	$	3.00	06/29/2021		640,730		-		-			-		640,730
ZNWAJ	$	1.00	10/29/2021		546,000		-		-			-		546,000
ZNWAK	$	0.01	02/25/2021		457,725		-		(7,300	)		-		450,425
ZNWAL	$	2.00	08/26/2021		517,925		-		(50	)		-		517,875
Outstanding warrants					7,022,070		-		(7,721	)		-		7,014,349

19

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 3 - Stockholders’ Equity (cont’d)

I. Warrant Descriptions 

The price and the expiration dates for the series of warrants to investors are as follows * :

		Period of Grant		US$		Expiration Date
ZNWAA Warrants	B		March 2013 – December 2014		2.00	January 31, 2021
ZNWAD Warrants	A,B		January 2015 – March 2016		1.00	May 02, 2021
ZNWAE Warrants	B		November 2016 – March 2017		1.00	May 01, 2021
ZNWAF Warrants	A,B		May 2017 – July 2017		1.00	August 14, 2021
ZNWAG Warrants			October 2017 – December 2017		1.00	January 08, 2021
ZNWAH Warrants	A,B		February 2018		5.00	April 2, 2021
ZNWAI Warrants	A,B		April 2018 – May 2018		3.00	June 29, 2021
ZNWAJ Warrants	B		August 2018 – September 2018		1.00	October 29, 2021
ZNWAK Warrants	B		December 2018 – January 2019		0.01	February 25, 2021
ZNWAL Warrants			July 2019 – August 2019		2.00	August 26, 2021

*	Zion’s ZNWAB Warrants expired on May 2, 2017, and the ZNWAC Warrants expired on May 2, 2018
A	On December 4, 2018, the Company extended the termination date of the Warrants by one (1) year.
B	On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the Warrants by one (1) year.

Note 4 - Unproved Oil and Gas Properties, Full Cost Method

Unproved oil and gas properties, under the full cost method, are comprised as follows:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs		1,311		1,227
Capitalized salary costs		1,856		1,759
Capitalized interest costs		1,049		990
Legal and seismic costs, license fees and other preparation costs		7,034		6,636
Other costs		36		25
		11,286		10,637

During the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, Impairment of unproved oil and gas properties comprised as follows:

	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs		-		17
Other costs		-		48
		-		65

20

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 4 - Unproved Oil and Gas Properties, Full Cost Method (cont’d)

During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, Impairment of unproved oil and gas properties comprised as follows:

	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs		-		159
Other costs		-		69
		-		228

Changes in Unproved oil and gas properties during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs		84		1
Capitalized salary costs		97		89
Capitalized interest costs		59		38
Legal costs, license fees and other preparation costs		398		268
Other costs		11		11
		*649		*407

* Inclusive of non-cash amounts of approximately $139,000, and $174,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively

Changes in Unproved oil and gas properties during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs		84		1
Capitalized salary costs		51		43
Capitalized interest costs		39		28
Legal costs, license fees and other preparation costs		248		140
Other costs		4		9
		*426		*221

* Inclusive of non-cash amounts of approximately $62,000, and $164,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively

21

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 5 - Senior Convertible Bonds

Rights Offering -10% Senior Convertible Notes due May 2, 2021

On October 21, 2015, the Company filed with the SEC a prospectus supplement for a rights offering. Under the rights offering, the Company distributed at no cost, 360,000 non-transferable subscription rights to subscribe for, on a per right basis, two 10% Convertible Senior Bonds par $100 due May 2, 2021 (the “Notes”), to shareholders of the Company’s Common Stock on October 15, 2015, the record date for the offering. Each whole subscription right entitled the participant to purchase two convertible bonds at a purchase price of $100 per bond. Effective October 21, 2015, the Company executed a Supplemental Indenture, as issuer, with the American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, a New York limited liability trust company (“AST”), as trustee for the Notes (the “Indenture”).

On March 31, 2016, the rights offering terminated.

On May 2, 2016, the Company issued approximately $3,470,000 aggregate principal amount of convertible bonds or “Notes” in connection with the rights offering. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $3,334,000, from the issuance of the Notes, after deducting fees and expenses of $136,000 incurred in connection with the offering. These costs have been discounted as deferred offering costs.

The Notes contain a convertible option that gives rise to a derivative liability, which is accounted for separately from the Notes (see below and Note 6). Accordingly, the Notes were initially recognized at fair value of approximately $1,844,000, which represents the principal amount of $3,470,000 from which a debt discount of approximately $1,626,000 (which is equal to the fair value of the convertible option) was deducted. 

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded approximately $7,000 and $13,000, respectively, in amortization expense related to the deferred financing costs, approximately$101,000 and $217,000, respectively, in debt discount amortization net, and approximately ($1,000) and $3,000, respectively, related to financing gains (losses) associated with Notes converted to shares.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded approximately $7,000 and $13,000, respectively, in amortization expense related to the deferred financing costs, approximately $94,000 and $187,000, respectively, in debt discount amortization net, and approximately ($1,000) and $10,000, respectively, related to financing gains (losses) associated with Notes converted to shares. The Notes are governed by the terms of the Indenture. The Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at a rate of 10% per year, payable annually in arrears on May 2 of each year, commencing May 2, 2017. The Notes will mature on May 2, 2021, unless earlier redeemed by the Company or converted by the holder.

Interest and principal may be paid, at the Company’s option, in cash or in shares of the Company’s Common Stock. The number of shares for the payment of interest in shares of Common Stock, in lieu of the cash amount, will be based on the average of the closing prices of the Company’s Common Stock as reported by Bloomberg L.P. for the 30 trading days preceding the record date for the payment of interest; such record date has been designated and will always be the 10^th business day prior to the interest payment date on May 2 of each year. The number of shares for the payment of principal, in lieu of the cash amount, shall be based upon the average of the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock as reported by Bloomberg L.P. for the 30 trading days preceding the principal repayment date; such record date has been designated as the trading day immediately prior to the 30-day period preceding the maturity date of May 2, 2021. Fractional shares were not issued, and the final number of shares were rounded up to the next whole share.

On May 4, 2020, the Company paid its annual 10% interest to its bondholders of record on April 20, 2020. The interest was paid-in-kind (“PIK”) in the form of Common Stock. An average of the Company stock price of $0.182 was determined based on the 30 trading days prior to the record date of April 20, 2020. This figure was used to divide into 10% of the par value of the bonds held by the holders. The Company issued 1,781,504 shares to the accounts of its bondholders.

At any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding April 2, 2021, holders may convert their notes into Common Stock at the conversion rate of 44 shares per $100 bond (which is equivalent to a conversion rate of approximately $2.27 per share). The conversion rate is subject to adjustment from time to time upon the occurrence of certain events, including, but not limited to, the issuance of stock dividends and payment of cash dividends.

Beginning May 3, 2018, the Company was entitled to redeem for cash the outstanding Notes at an amount equal to the principal and accrued and unpaid interest, plus a 10% premium. No “sinking fund” is provided for the Notes due May 2, 2021, which means that the Company is not required to periodically redeem or retire the Notes due May 2, 2021.

22

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 5 - Senior Convertible Bonds (cont’d)

Through the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, approximately 8 and 28 convertible bonds of $100 each, respectively, have been converted at a conversion rate of approximately $2.27 per share. As a result, the Company issued approximately 352 and 1,232 shares of its Common Stock during the same period, respectively, and recorded approximately ($1,000) and $3,000 in financial income (expenses) during the same period. 

Through the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, approximately 112 and 122 convertible bonds of $100 each, respectively, have been converted at a conversion rate of approximately $2.27 per share. As a result, the Company issued approximately 4,928 and 5,368 shares of its Common Stock during the same period, respectively, and recorded approximately $9,000 and $10,000 in financial income during the same period

	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
	US$ thousands			US$ thousands
10% Senior Convertible Bonds, on the day of issuance	$	3,470		$	3,470
Unamortized Debt discount, net	$	(422	)	$	(639	)
Bonds converted to shares	$	(223	)	$	(221	)
Offering cost, net	$	(23	)	$	(36	)
10% senior Convertible bonds – Long Term Liability	$	2,802		$	2,574

Capitalized interest for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were $39,000 and $59,000 compared to $28,000 and $38,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. 

Interest expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were $40,000 and $101,000 compared to $54,000 and $111,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. 

Note 6 - Derivative Liability

The Notes issued by the Company and discussed in Note 5 contain a convertible option that gives rise to a derivative liability.

The debt instrument the Company issued includes a make-whole provision, which provides that in the event of conversion by the investor under certain circumstances, the issuer is required to deliver to the holder additional consideration beyond the settlement of the conversion obligation.

Because time value make-whole provisions are not clearly and closely related to the debt host and would meet the definition of a derivative if considered freestanding, they are evaluated under the indexation guidance to determine whether they would be afforded the scope exception pursuant to ASC 815-10-15-74(a). This evaluation is generally performed in conjunction with the analysis of the embedded conversion feature.

The Company has measured its derivative liability at fair value and recognized the derivative value as a current liability and recorded the derivative value on its balance sheet. Changes in the fair value recorded are recorded as a gain or loss in the accompanying statement of operations.

The valuation of the Notes was done by using the Binomial Model, a well-accepted option-pricing model, and based on the Notes’ terms and other parameters the Company identified as relevant for the valuation of the Notes’ Fair Value.

The Binomial Model used the forecast of the Company share price during the Note’s contractual term.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company’s liabilities that are measured at fair value are as follows:

	June 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Level 3		Total		Level 3		Total
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Fair value of derivative liability		181		181		129		129

23

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 6 - Derivative Liability (cont’d)

Change in value of the derivative liability during 2020 is as follows:

	US$ thousands
Derivative liability fair value at December 31, 2019		129
Loss on derivative liability		52
Derivative liability fair value at June 30, 2020		181

The following table presents the assumptions that were used for the model as of June 30, 2020:

	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Convertible Option Fair Value of approximately	$	181,000		$	129,000
Annual Risk-free Rate		0.16	%		1.59	%
Volatility		126.82	%		121.68	%
Expected Term (years)		0.84			1.34
Convertible Notes Face Value	$	3,246,700		$	3,249,500
Expected annual yield on Regular Notes		28.77	%		28.77	%
Price of the Underlying Stock	$	0.30		$	0.17

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded unrealized losses of approximately $68,000, net, and $52,000, net, respectively, within the Statements of Operations on derivative liability.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded unrealized gains of approximately $460,000, net, and $82,000, net, respectively, within the Statements of Operations on derivative liability. A slight change in an unobservable input like volatility could have a significant impact on the fair value measurement of the derivative liability.

Note 7 - Right of use leases assets and leases obligations

The Company is a lessee in several non-cancellable operating leases, primarily for transportation and office spaces.

The table below presents the operating lease assets and liabilities recognized on the balance sheets as of June 30, 2020:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Operating lease assets	$	530	$	634
Operating lease liabilities:
Current operating lease liabilities	$	236	$	239
Non-current operating lease liabilities	$	335	$	450
Total operating lease liabilities	$	571	$	689

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Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 7 - Right of use leases assets and leases obligations (cont’d)

The depreciable lives of operating lease assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term.

The Company’s leases generally do not provide an implicit rate, and therefore the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate when measuring operating lease liabilities. The incremental borrowing rate represents an estimate of the interest rate the Company would incur at lease commencement to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over the term of a lease within a particular currency environment. The Company used incremental borrowing rates as of January 1, 2019 for operating leases that commenced prior to that date.

The Company’s weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate for operating leases as of June 30, 2020 are:

	June 30, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)		3.0
Weighted average discount rate		6.0	%

The table below reconciles the undiscounted future minimum lease payments (displayed by year and in the aggregate) under non-cancellable operating leases with terms of more than one year to the total operating lease liabilities recognized on the consolidated condensed balance sheets as of June 30, 2020:

	US$ thousands
July 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020		261
2021		140
2022		140
2023		82
2024		-
Thereafter		-
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments		623
Less: portion representing imputed interest		(52	)
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments		571

Operating lease costs were $61,000 and $122,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Operating lease costs were $64,000 and $132,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Operating lease costs are included within general and administrative expenses on the statements of income.

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $67,000 and $134,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities were $68,000 and $139,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. These amounts are included in operating activities in the statements of cash flows.

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities were $0 and $0 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities were $0 and $819,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

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Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies

A. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Investigation

As previously disclosed by the Company, on June 21, 2018, Zion received a subpoena to produce documents from the Fort Worth office of the SEC informing the Company of the existence of a non-public, fact-finding inquiry into the Company. Prior to the receipt of the subpoena on June 21, 2018, Zion had no previous communication with the SEC on this issue and was unaware of this investigation. The SEC stated that “the investigation and the subpoena do not mean that we have concluded that Zion or anyone else has violated the law.” To date, Zion has furnished all required documents to the SEC and will continue to fully cooperate with the investigation.

The Company cannot predict when this matter will be resolved or what further action, if any, the SEC may take in connection with it.

B. Litigation

Following the commencement of the SEC investigation, on August 9, 2018, a putative class action (the “class action”) Complaint was filed against Zion, Victor G. Carrillo, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer at such time, and Michael B. Croswell Jr., the Company’s Chief Financial Officer (collectively, the “Defendants”) in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas. On November 16, 2018, the Court entered an Order in the class action appointing lead plaintiffs and approving lead counsel and on January 22, 2019, an Amended Complaint was filed. On February 1, 2019, a Corrected Amended Class Action Complaint was filed. The suit alleges violations of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder by the SEC and Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) against all defendants and alleges violations of Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Section 15 of the Securities Act against the individual defendants. The alleged class period is from February 13, 2018 through November 20, 2018. On March 13, 2019, a Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs’ Corrected Amended Complaint was filed on behalf of Zion, Victor Carrillo and Michael B. Croswell, Jr., pleading numerous grounds in support of their Motion to Dismiss. On April 29, 2019 Plaintiffs filed a Response to Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss, and on May 29, 2019 Defendants filed a Reply to Plaintiffs’ Response. On March 4, 2020, the Court granted Defendants’ Motion and dismissed all claims granting Plaintiffs leave to amend.  On March 30, 2020, the Lead Plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the Class Action with prejudice as to the Company and all other defendants. 

The Company disputed the above claims and made an advance deposit of $500,000 in 2018 to defense counsel for the cost of defending the litigation. The Company carries insurance that is applicable to these claims. During May 2020, the Company received a refund of approximately $142,000 from its defense counsel pertaining to the above legal claims.

On October 29, 2018, Zion received a shareholder request to inspect books and records pursuant to Section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law for the purpose of investigating potential corporate mismanagement and alleged breaches of fiduciary duty in connection with public statements made by the Company from March 12, 2018 to May 30, 2018.  The Company responded to this request.

On August 10, 2019, Zion received two (2) additional shareholder requests from the same law firm to inspect books and records pursuant to section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law for the purpose of investigating potential corporate mismanagement and alleged breaches of fiduciary duty in connection with public statements made by the Company from February 1, 2018 to present. Following discussion with counsel to the shareholder, the Company’s counsel produced materials responsive to the shareholders’ request in January 2020.

On February 12, 2020, by letter to Zion’s Board of Directors, one of the shareholders making the August 10, 2019 request demanded that the Board investigate, address, remedy, and commence proceedings against certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors for alleged breaches of fiduciary duties, violations of section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, waste of corporate assets, unjust enrichment, and violations of all other applicable laws.  The shareholder alleges wrongdoing in connection with public statements made by the Company from February 1, 2018 regarding the Company’s oil and gas exploration activities, the Company’s accounting and disclosure of expenses, and the Board’s oversight of operations. The Board hired independent counsel to investigate the claims made against certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors. That investigation has concluded and, based on the findings and recommendations of independent counsel, the Board has decided not to pursue claims against any current or former officer or director. On July 14, 2020, Zion received a request from the same shareholder making the February 12, 2020 demand to inspect books and records pursuant to Section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law for the purpose of evaluating the Board’s decision to reject the litigation demand.

From time to time, the Company may also be subject to routine litigation, claims or disputes in the ordinary course of business. The Company defends itself vigorously in all such matters. However, we cannot predict the outcome or effect of any of the litigation or any other pending litigation or claims.

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Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies (cont’d) 

C. Recent Market Conditions – Coronavirus Pandemic

During March 2020, a global pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization related to the rapidly growing outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”). The pandemic has significantly impacted the economic conditions in the United States and Israel, as federal, state and local governments react to the public health crisis, creating significant uncertainties in the United States, Israel and world economies. In the interest of public health and safety, jurisdictions (international, national, state and local) where we have operations, restricted travel and required workforces to work from home. As of the date of this report, our employees are working from home. However, while there are various uncertainties to navigate, the Company’s business activities are continuing. The situation is rapidly changing and additional impacts to the business may arise that we are not aware of currently. We cannot predict whether, when or the manner in which the conditions surrounding COVID-19 will change including the timing of lifting any restrictions or work from home arrangements.

The full extent of COVID-19’s impact on our operations and financial performance depends on future developments that are uncertain and unpredictable, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, its impact on capital and financial markets and any new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the virus, its spread to other regions as well as the actions taken to contain it, among others.

C. Environmental and Onshore Licensing Regulatory Matters

The Company is engaged in oil and gas exploration and production and may become subject to certain liabilities as they relate to environmental clean-up of well sites or other environmental restoration procedures and other obligations as they relate to the drilling of oil and gas wells or the operation thereof. Various guidelines have been published in Israel by the State of Israel’s Petroleum Commissioner and Energy and Environmental Ministries as it pertains to oil and gas activities. Mention of these older guidelines was included in previous Zion filings.

On April 8, 2019 the Energy Ministry issued new procedural guidelines regarding a uniform reporting manner by which the rights holder in a license must submit a quarterly report regarding a summary of license history, the nature, scope, location and results of the exploration work, specification of the amounts expended for the exploration work, and the results and interpretation of the exploration work and basic data on which these results and interpretation are based.

On July 18, 2019, the Energy Ministry issued a guidance document entitled “Instructions for Submitting Guarantees with respect to Oil Rights granted pursuant to the Petroleum Law” which states that onshore license applicants are required to deposit a base bank guarantee of $500,000. Furthermore, prior to drilling, an onshore license holder is required to deposit an additional bank guarantee in the amount as determined by the Petroleum Commissioner in accordance with the characteristics of the drilling and the drilling plan but no less than $250,000. The guarantee, as determined by the Commissioner, shall be deposited with the Commissioner Office for each well separately drilled. The Petroleum Commissioner has discretion to raise or lower those amounts or may also forfeit a Company’s existing guarantee and/or cancel a petroleum right under certain circumstances.

In addition, new and extended insurance policy guidelines were added. The Petroleum Commissioner may also view non-compliance with the new insurance provisions as breaching the work plan and the rights granted and act accordingly.

The Company believes that these new regulations will result in an increase in the expenditures associated with obtaining new exploration rights and drilling new wells. The Company expects that an additional financial burden could occur as a result of requiring cash reserves that could otherwise be used for operational purposes. In addition, these new regulations are likely to continue to increase the time needed to obtain all of the necessary authorizations and approvals to drill and production test exploration wells.

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Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.

Consolidated Condensed Notes to Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies (cont’d) 

D. Bank Guarantees 

As of June 30, 2020, the Company provided Israeli-required bank guarantees to various governmental bodies (approximately $976,000) and others (approximately $82,000) with respect to its drilling operation in an aggregate amount of approximately $1,058,000. The Company also paid $1,000,000 to its escrow agent with respect to the purchase of a drilling rig in March 2020. The (cash) funds backing these guarantees are held in restricted interest-bearing accounts and are reported on the Company’s balance sheets as fixed short-term bank deposits – restricted.

E. Risks 

Market risk is a broad term for the risk of economic loss due to adverse changes in the fair value of a financial instrument. These changes may be the result of various factors, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and/or equity prices. In the normal course of doing business, we are exposed to the risks associated with foreign currency exchange rates and changes in interest rates.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risks. A portion of our expenses, primarily labor expenses and certain supplier contracts, are denominated in New Israeli Shekels (“NIS”). As a result, we have significant exposure to the risk of fluctuating exchange rates with the U.S. Dollar (“USD”), our primary reporting currency. During the period January 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020, the USD has fluctuated by approximately 0.3% against the NIS (the USD has strengthened relative to the NIS). By contrast, during the period January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019, the USD fluctuated by approximately 7.8% against the NIS (the USD weakened relative to the NIS). Continued strengthening of the US dollar against the NIS will result in lower operating costs from NIS denominated expenses. To date, we have not hedged any of our currency exchange rate risks, but we may do so in the future.

Interest Rate Risk. Our exposure to market risk relates to our cash and investments. We maintain an investment portfolio of short-term bank deposits and money market funds. The securities in our investment portfolio are not leveraged, and are, due to their very short-term nature, subject to minimal interest rate risk. We currently do not hedge interest rate exposure. Because of the short-term maturities of our investments, we do not believe that a change in market interest rates would have a significant negative impact on the value of our investment portfolio except for reduced income in a low interest rate environment. At June 30, 2020, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term bank deposits of approximately $10,340,000. The weighted average annual interest rate related to our cash and cash equivalents for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, exclusive of funds at US banks that earn no interest, was approximately .35% and .43%, respectively.

The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, we invest our excess cash in short-term bank deposits and money market funds that may invest in high quality debt instruments.

Note 9 - Subsequent Events

(i) Approximately $6,400,000 was collected through the Company’s DSPP program during the period July 1 through August 7, 2020.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH OUR UNAUDITED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND THE RELATED NOTES TO THOSE STATEMENTS INCLUDED IN THIS FORM 10-Q. SOME OF OUR DISCUSSION IS FORWARD-LOOKING AND INVOLVES RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES. FOR INFORMATION REGARDING RISK FACTORS THAT COULD HAVE A MATERIAL ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR BUSINESS, REFER TO THE DISCUSSION OF RISK FACTORS IN THE “DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS” SECTION OF OUR ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019, FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements made in this discussion are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may materially differ from actual results.

Forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as “may”, “should”, “expects”, “intends”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “predicts”, or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology and include, without limitation, statements regarding: 

● The going concern qualification in our financial statements;

● our liquidity and our ability to raise capital to finance our overall exploration and development activities within our license area;

● our ability to meet the requisite listing requirements by Nasdaq to regain compliance and remain listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market;

● the outcome of the current SEC investigation;

● interruptions and other adverse impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on our planned operations and our capital raising efforts, including those related to the importation into Israel of our newly acquired drilling rig and the operating crew necessary to operate the rig;

● our ability to explore for and develop natural gas and oil resources successfully and economically within our license areas;

● our ability to maintain or obtain new exploration license rights to continue our petroleum exploration program;

● the availability of equipment, such as seismic equipment, drilling rigs, and production equipment;

● the impact of governmental regulations, permitting and other legal requirements in Israel relating to onshore exploratory drilling;

● our estimates of the time frame within which future exploratory activities will be undertaken;

● changes in our exploration plans and related budgets;

● the quality of existing and future license areas with regard to, among other things, the existence of reserves in economic quantities;

● anticipated trends in our business;

● our future results of operations;

● our capital expenditure program;

● future market conditions in the oil and gas industry

● the demand for oil and natural gas, both locally in Israel and globally; and

● The impact of falling oil and gas prices on our exploration efforts.

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Overview

Zion Oil and Gas, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is an oil and gas exploration company with a history of 20 years of oil and gas exploration in Israel. We were incorporated in Florida on April 6, 2000 and reincorporated in Delaware on July 9, 2003. We completed our initial public offering in January 2007. Our common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”) currently trades on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “ZN” and our Common Stock warrant under the symbol “ZNWAA.”

The Company currently holds one active petroleum exploration license onshore Israel, the Megiddo-Jezreel License, comprising approximately 99,000 acres. The Megiddo Jezreel #1 (“MJ #1”) site was completed in early March 2017, after which the drilling rig and associated equipment were mobilized to the site. Performance and endurance tests were completed, and the MJ #1 exploratory well was spud on June 5, 2017 and drilled to a total depth (“TD”) of 5,060 meters (approximately 16,600 feet). Thereafter, the Company obtained three open-hole wireline log suites (including a formation image log), and the well was successfully cased and cemented. The Ministry of Energy approved the well testing protocol on April 29, 2018.

During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company testing protocol was concluded at the MJ#1 well. The test results confirmed that the MJ #1 well did not contain hydrocarbons in commercial quantities in the zones tested. As a result, in the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge to its unproved oil and gas properties of $30,906,000. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company did not record any post-impairment charges. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded a post-impairment charge of approximately $65,000 and $228,000, respectively.

While the well was not commercially viable, Zion learned a great deal from the drilling and testing of this well. We believe that the drilling and testing of this well carried out the testing objectives which may support further evaluation and potential further exploration efforts within our License area.

As a result of the information gained drilling the MJ#1 well, Zion believed it was prudent and consistent with good industry practice to try and answer some of the questions raised by the drilling with a focused 3D seismic imaging shoot of approximately 72 square kilometers surrounding the MJ#1 well. See the discussion under Summary of Current and Former Company License Areas.

The Megiddo-Jezreel License is scheduled to expire on December 2, 2020.

At present, we have no revenues or operating income. Our ability to generate future revenues and operating cash flow will depend on the successful exploration and exploitation of our current and any future petroleum rights or the acquisition of oil and/or gas producing properties, and the volume and timing of such production. In addition, even if we are successful in producing oil and gas in commercial quantities, our results will depend upon commodity prices for oil and gas, as well as operating expenses including taxes and royalties.

Our executive offices are located at 12655 North Central Expressway, Suite 1000, Dallas, Texas 75243, and our telephone number is (214) 221-4610. Our branch office’s address in Israel is 9 Halamish Street, North Industrial Park, Caesarea 3088900, and the telephone number is +972-4-623-8500. Our website address is: www.zionoil.com.

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Current Exploration and Operation Efforts  

Megiddo-Jezreel Petroleum License

The Company currently holds one active petroleum exploration license onshore Israel, the Megiddo-Jezreel License, comprising approximately 99,000 acres, which currently is scheduled to terminate on December 2, 2020.

The Megiddo Jezreel #1 (“MJ #1”) exploratory well was spud on June 5, 2017 and drilled to a total depth (“TD”) of 5,060 meters (approximately 16,600 feet). Thereafter, the Company successfully cased and cemented the well while awaiting the approval of the testing protocol. The Ministry of Energy approved the well testing protocol on April 29, 2018.

During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company testing protocol was concluded at the MJ#1 well. The test results confirmed that the MJ #1 well did not contain hydrocarbons in commercial quantities in the zones tested. As a result, in the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge to its unproved oil and gas properties of $30,906,000. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company did not record any post-impairment charges. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded a post-impairment charge of approximately $65,000 and $228,000, respectively.

The MJ#1 well provided Zion with information Zion believes is important for potential future exploration efforts within its license area. As with many frontier wildcat wells, the MJ#1 also left several questions unanswered.

While not meant to be an exhaustive list, a summary of what Zion believes to be key information learned in the MJ#1 well is as follows:

1.	The MJ#1 encountered much higher subsurface temperatures at a depth shallower than expected before drilling the well. In our opinion, this is significant because reaching a minimum temperature threshold is necessary for the generation of hydrocarbons from an organic-rich source rock.
2.	The known organic rich (potentially hydrocarbon bearing) Senonian age source rocks that are typically present in this part of Israel were not encountered as expected. Zion expected these source rocks to be encountered at approximately 1,000 meters in the MJ#1 well.
3.	MJ#1 had natural fractures, permeability (the ability of fluid to move through the rock) and porosity (pore space in rock) that allowed the sustained flow of formation fluid in the shallower Jurassic and lower Cretaceous age formations between approximately 1,200 and 1,800 meters. While no hydrocarbons were encountered, Zion believes this fact is nonetheless significant because it provides important information about possible reservoir pressures and the ability of fluids to move within the formation and to the surface.
4.	MJ#1 encountered oil in the Triassic Mohilla formation which Zion believes suggests an active deep petroleum system is in Zion’s license area. There was no natural permeability or porosity in the Triassic Mohilla formation to allow formation fluid to reach the surface naturally during testing, and thus the MJ#1 was not producible or commercial.
5.	The depths and thickness of the formations we encountered varied greatly from pre-drill estimates. This required the MJ#1 to be drilled to a much greater depth than previously expected. Zion has tied these revised formation depths to seismic data which will allow for more accurate interpretation and mapping in the future.

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A summary of what Zion believes to be some key questions left to be answered are: 

1. Is the missing shallow Senonian age source rock a result of regional erosion, or is it missing because of a fault that cut the well-bore and could be reasonably expected to be encountered in the vicinity of the MJ#1 drill site? Zion believes this is an important question to answer because if the Senonian source rocks do exist in this area, the high temperatures encountered are sufficient to mature these source rocks and generate oil.

2. Do the unusually high shallow subsurface temperatures extend regionally beyond the MJ#1 well, which could allow for the generation of hydrocarbons in the Senonian age source rock within our license area?

3. As a consequence of seismic remapping, where does the MJ#1 well lie relative to the potential traps at the Jurassic and Triassic levels and was the well location too low on the structures and deeper than the potential hydrocarbons within those traps?

Zion completed all of the land compensation for the 3-D survey in November 2019. All land parcels and the kibbutz approved the completion of the geophysical survey. Subsequently, the Contractor demobilized the equipment from Israel to Europe. All field data from acquisition was delivered to Dallas, Texas and the Ministry of Energy in Israel. Additionally, the final acquisition reports from the Contractor and Zion were delivered to the Ministry of Energy in December per the guidelines enacted in July 2019. Zion has provided the Ministry of Energy a Time to Depth volume of the 3D data set along with a raw version of time stack data. Multiple velocity runs on the data set are complete and agreed upon by Zion’s geology and geophysics team.

Zion and Agile Seismic Processing Services (“ASPS”) are continuing to process and interpret the data set with state-of-the-art technologies allowing for comprehensive imaging at depth. Zion’s previous 2-D data sets have been added into the 3-D volume allowing for further verification. Zion and ASPS are completing the final version of depth domain data volumes. The final report and data set are anticipated in Q3 2020 pending any further Covid-19 delays and/or logistical issues. Our questions from the MJ#1 well are being correlated with the 3-D data set to provide potential solutions on a go forward basis. 

Zion’s in house geology and geophysics team are continuing to map the Jurassic zones within the MJ01 well location. Locations and volumetric analyses are being performed and populated into the 2020 drilling plan for the Ministry of Energy. Larger interpretation of the data set continues over the entire 3D volume with fault mapping/geological verification from MJ01 well log data. The paleo data from MJ01 core samples are being reviewed as well.

The MJ02 drilling plan was submitted to the Ministry of Energy on April 11, 2020 for review and approval. On July 29, 2020, the Ministry of Energy approved our MJ02 drilling plan.

On March 12, 2020, Zion entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Central European Drilling kft, a Hungarian corporation, (“Seller”) to purchase an onshore oil and gas drilling rig, drilling pipe, related equipment and excess inventory for a purchase price of $5.6 million in cash, subject to acceptance testing and potential downward adjustment. Pursuant to a signed Letter of Intent, we remitted to the Seller $250,000 on February 6, 2020 as earnest money towards the purchase price. The Closing also took place on March 12, 2020 by the execution and delivery of a Bill of Sale to us. On March 13, 2020, the Seller retained the earnest money deposit, and the Company remitted $4,350,000 to the Seller towards the purchase price and $1,000,000 (the “Holdback Amount”) was deposited in escrow with American Stock Transfer and Trust Company LLC, as escrow agent, through October 1, 2020, or as extended by mutual agreement of the parties, pending a determination, if any, by us of any operating deficiency in the drilling rig. Should we determine in our sole opinion that the drilling rig is not in satisfactory operating condition, then upon notice to the Seller, we and the Seller will jointly determine if the operating deficiencies identified by us existed prior to the closing of the transaction. If it is determined that these deficiencies existed prior to the Closing, then the Seller will undertake to cure the deficiencies within a reasonable time period. If the Seller is unable or unwilling to cure the deficiencies within the time period agreed to between the parties, we may solicit third party bids to repair the deficiencies and the cost thereof shall be paid out of the Holdback Amount.

32

Zion’s ability to fully undertake all of these aforementioned activities is subject to its raising the needed capital from its continuing offerings, of which no assurance can be provided.

Map 1. Zion’s Megiddo-Jezreel Petroleum Exploration License as of June 30, 2020.

The Megiddo-Jezreel License (No. 401) was awarded on December 3, 2013 for a three-year primary term through December 2, 2016 with the possibility of additional one-year extensions up to a maximum of seven years. The Megiddo-Jezreel License lies onshore, south and west of the Sea of Galilee, and we continue our exploration focus here as it appears to possess the key geologic ingredients of an active petroleum system with significant exploration potential. In November 2016, the State of Israel’s Petroleum Commission officially approved Zion’s drilling date and license extension request to December 2, 2017. The current scheduled termination date is December 2, 2020.

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On January 31, 2019, Zion submitted its Application for Extension of Continued Work Program Due Date on the Megiddo-Jezreel License No. 401.  The additional time was necessary to finalize the work program. On February 3, 2019 Israel’s Petroleum Commissioner granted Zion’s work program report extension to February 28, 2019, as shown below:

Number	Activity Description	Execution by:
1	Submit program for continuation of work under license	28 February 2019

On February 24, 2019 and thereafter on February 26, 2019 Zion submitted its proposed 2019 Work Program on the Megiddo-Jezreel License No. 401. 

On February 28, 2019 Israel’s Petroleum Commissioner officially approved the revised and updated Work Program on the Megiddo-Jezreel License No. 401 as shown below:

Number	Activity description	Execution by:
1	Submission of seismic survey plan to the Commissioner and execution of an agreement with a contractor to perform	30 April 2019
2	Commence 3D seismic survey in an area of approximately 50 square kilometers	1 August 2019
3	Transfer of field material configuration and processed material to the Ministry pursuant to Ministry guidelines	15 December 2019
4	Submit interpretation report	20 February 2020

On April 30, 2019 Zion submitted its Application for Extension of Continued Work Program Due Date on the Megiddo-Jezreel License No. 401. The additional time was necessary for Zion to conduct a 3-D survey in an area of approximately 72 square kilometers. This required, among others, extensive permitting activities with relevant local landowners, the Israel Land Authority (“ILA”), certain authorities and others, and the seismic survey area may not conclude prior to the beginning of the rainy season in Israel. This in turn would result in additional delay, as rain and mud are not conducive to the performance of a seismic survey which includes extensive use of vibrators.

Zion’s proposed new timelines and activity descriptions are shown below:

Number	Activity description	Execution by:
1	Submission of seismic survey plan to the Commissioner and execution of an agreement with a contractor to perform	30 November 2019
2	Commence 3D seismic survey in an area of approximately 72 square kilometers	1 April 2020
3	Transfer of field material configuration and processed material to the Ministry pursuant to Ministry guidelines	15 August 2020
4	Submit interpretation report	15 November, 2020

On May 1, 2019, Israel’s Petroleum Commissioner granted Zion’s work program report extension.

As previously disclosed, the Company required authorization from the ILA, the formal lessor of the land to Kibbutz Sde Eliyahu, on whose property the drilling pad is currently situated, to access and utilize the drill site (“surface use agreement”). The Company received this authorization on July 4, 2016. This was preceded by the Company’s May 15, 2016 signed agreement with the kibbutz. On January 11, 2017, an agreement was signed by the Company and the ILA by which the surface usage agreement was extended through December 3, 2017. On December 31, 2017, an agreement was signed by the Company and the ILA by which the surface usage agreement was extended through December 3, 2019. On July 1, 2019, an agreement was signed by the Company and the ILA by which the surface usage agreement was extended through December 3, 2020.

Zion’s Former Joseph License

Zion has plugged all of its exploratory wells on its former Joseph License area, and the reserve pits have been evacuated, but acknowledges its obligation to complete the abandonment of these well sites in accordance with guidance from the Energy Ministry, Environmental Ministry and local officials.

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Onshore Licensing, Oil and Gas Exploration and Environmental Guidelines

The Company is engaged in oil and gas exploration and production and may become subject to certain liabilities as they relate to environmental cleanup of well sites or other environmental restoration procedures and other obligations as they relate to the drilling of oil and gas wells or the operation thereof. Various guidelines have been published in Israel by the State of Israel’s Petroleum Commissioner, the Energy Ministry, and the Environmental Ministry in recent years as it pertains to oil and gas activities. Mention of these guidelines was included in previous Zion Oil & Gas filings.

We acknowledge that these new regulations are likely to increase the expenditures associated with obtaining new exploration rights and drilling new wells. The Company expects that additional financial burdens could occur as a result of the Ministry requiring cash reserves that could otherwise be used for operational purposes. 

Capital Resources Highlights

We need to raise significant funds to finance the continued exploration efforts and maintain orderly operations. To date, we have funded our operations through the issuance of our securities and convertible debt. We will need to continue to raise funds through the issuance of equity and/or debt securities (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for equity securities). No assurance can be provided that we will be successful in raising the needed capital on terms favorable to us (or at all).

The Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan

On March 13, 2014 Zion filed a registration statement on Form S-3 that is part of a replacement registration statement that was filed with the SEC using a “shelf” registration process. The registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on March 31, 2014. On February 23, 2017, the Company filed a Form S-3 with the SEC (Registration No. 333-216191) as a replacement for the Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-193336), for which the three year period ended March 31, 2017, along with the base Prospectus and Supplemental Prospectus. The Form S-3, as amended, and the new base Prospectus became effective on March 10, 2017, along with the Prospectus Supplement that was filed and became effective on March 10, 2017. The Prospectus Supplement under Registration No. 333-216191 describes the terms of the DSPP and replaces the prior Prospectus Supplement, as amended, under the prior Registration No. 333-193336.

On March 27, 2014, we launched our Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (the “DSPP”) pursuant to which stockholders and interested investors can purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock as well as units of the Company’s securities directly from the Company. The terms of the DSPP are described in the Prospectus Supplement originally filed on March 31, 2014 (the “Original Prospectus Supplement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Company’s effective registration Statement on Form S-3, as thereafter amended.

Please see Footnote 3E (“Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (“DSPP”)), which is a part of this Form 10-Q filing, for details about specific unit programs, dates, and filings during the years 2015 through 2020.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, approximately $3,393,000 and $12,502,000 were raised under the DSPP program.

The Warrants balances at December 31, 2019 and transactions since January 1, 2020 are shown in the table below:

Warrants	Exercise Price		Warrant Termination Date	Outstanding Balance, 12/31/2019		Warrants Issued		Warrants Exercised			Warrants Expired		Outstanding Balance, 06/30/2020
ZNWAA	$	2.00	01/31/2021		1,498,804		-		-			-		1,498,804
ZNWAD	$	1.00	05/02/2021		243,853		-		-			-		243,853
ZNWAE	$	1.00	05/02/2021		2,144,470		-		(371	)		-		2,144,099
ZNWAF	$	1.00	08/14/2021		359,585		-		-			-		359,585
ZNWAG	$	1.00	01/08/2021		240,578		-		-			-		240,578
ZNWAH	$	5.00	04/19/2021		372,400		-		-			-		372,400
ZNWAI	$	3.00	06/29/2021		640,730		-		-			-		640,730
ZNWAJ	$	1.00	10/29/2021		546,000		-		-			-		546,000
ZNWAK	$	0.01	02/25/2021		457,725		-		(7,300	)		-		450,425
ZNWAL	$	2.00	08/26/2021		517,925		-		(50	)		-		517,875
Outstanding warrants					7,022,070		-		(7,121	)		-		7,014,349

According to the warrant table, the Company could potentially raise up to approximately $11,356,000 if all outstanding warrants were exercised by its holders.

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10% Senior Convertible Notes due May 2, 2021 

Please see Footnote 5 (“Senior Convertible Bonds”), which is a part of this Form 10-Q filing, for a description and details about the Bonds.

2018 Subscription Rights Offering

Please see Footnote 3F (“Subscription Rights Offering”), which is a part of this Form 10-Q filing, for a description of and details about the Subscription Rights Offering.

Principal Components of our Cost Structure

Our operating and other expenses primarily consist of the following:

● Impairment of Unproved Oil and Gas Properties: Impairment expense is recognized if a determination is made that a well will not be able to be commercially productive. The amounts include amounts paid in respect of the drilling operations as well as geological and geophysical costs and various amounts that were paid to Israeli regulatory authorities.

● General and Administrative Expenses: Overhead, including payroll and benefits for our corporate staff, costs of managing our exploratory operations, audit and other professional fees, and legal compliance is included in general and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses also include non-cash stock-based compensation expense, investor relations related expenses, lease and insurance and related expenses.

● Depreciation, Depletion, Amortization and Accretion: The systematic expensing of the capital costs incurred to explore for natural gas and oil represents a principal component of our cost structure. As a full cost company, we capitalize all costs associated with our exploration, and apportion these costs to each unit of production, if any, through depreciation, depletion and amortization expense. As we have yet to have production, the costs of abandoned wells are written off immediately versus being included in this amortization pool.

Going Concern Basis

Since we have limited capital resources, no revenue to date and a loss from operations, our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. The appropriateness of using the going concern basis is dependent upon our ability to obtain additional financing or equity capital and, ultimately, to achieve profitable operations. Therefore, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Critical Accounting Policies

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expense during the reporting period.

We have identified the accounting principles which we believe are most critical to the reported financial status by considering accounting policies that involve the most complex of subjective decisions or assessment.

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Impairment of Oil and Gas Properties

We follow the full-cost method of accounting for oil and gas properties. Accordingly, all costs associated with acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas reserves, including directly related overhead costs, are capitalized.

All capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, including the estimated future costs to develop proved reserves, are amortized on the unit-of-production method using estimates of proved reserves.  Investments in unproved properties and major development projects are not amortized until proved reserves associated with the projects can be determined or until impairment occurs. If the results of an assessment indicate that the properties are impaired, the amount of the impairment is included in income from continuing operations before income taxes, and the adjusted carrying amount of the unproved properties is amortized on the unit-of-production method.

Our oil and gas properties represent an investment in unproved properties.  These costs are excluded from the amortized cost pool until proved reserves are found or until it is determined that the costs are impaired.  All costs excluded are reviewed at least quarterly to determine if impairment has occurred.  The amount of any impairment is charged to expense since a reserve base has not yet been established.  A further impairment requiring a charge to expense may be indicated through evaluation of drilling results, relinquishing drilling rights or other information.

Abandonment of properties is accounted for as adjustments to capitalized costs. The net capitalized costs are subject to a “ceiling test” which limits such costs to the aggregate of the estimated present value of future net revenues from proved reserves discounted at ten percent based on current economic and operating conditions, plus the lower of cost or fair market value of unproved properties. The recoverability of amounts capitalized for oil and gas properties is dependent upon the identification of economically recoverable reserves, together with obtaining the necessary financing to exploit such reserves and the achievement of profitable operations.

During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company’s testing protocol was concluded at the MJ #1 well. The test results confirmed that the MJ #1 well did not contain hydrocarbons in commercial quantities in the zones tested. As a result of the above determination, in the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge to its unproved oil and gas properties of $30,906,000 (see Note 4). During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company did not record any post-impairment charges. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded a post-impairment charge of approximately $65,000 and $228,000, respectively.

The total net book value of our unproved oil and gas properties under the full cost method was $11,286,000 at June 30, 2020.

Asset Retirement Obligation

We record a liability for asset retirement obligation at fair value in the period in which it is incurred and a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of the related long-lived assets.

Fair Value Considerations

We follow ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” as amended by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Financial Staff Position (FSP) No. 157 and related guidance. Those provisions relate to the Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value and the fair value disclosures related to financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value, expands related disclosure requirements, and specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on the nature of the inputs used to develop the fair value measures. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, assuming the transaction occurs in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability.

There are three levels of inputs to fair value measurements - Level 1, meaning the use of quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; Level 2, meaning the use of quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or are directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, meaning the use of unobservable inputs. We use Level 1 inputs for fair value measurements whenever there is an active market, with actual quotes, market prices, and observable inputs on the measurement date. We use Level 2 inputs for fair value measurements whenever there are quoted prices for similar securities in an active market or quoted prices for identical securities in an inactive market. We use observable market data whenever available. We use Level 3 inputs in the Binomial Model used for the valuation of the derivative liability.

Derivative Liabilities

In accordance with ASC 815-40-25 and ASC 815-10-15 Derivatives and Hedging and ASC 480-10-25 Liabilities-Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the embedded derivatives associated with the Convertible Bonds are accounted for as liabilities during the term of the related Convertible Bonds. 

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

	For the three months ended June 30,					For the six months ended June 30,
	2020		2019			2020		2019
	(US $ in thousands)					(US $ in thousands)
Operating costs and expenses:
General and administrative expenses		1,113		996			2,088		1,922
Impairment of unproved oil and gas properties		-		65			-		228
Other		577		554			1,045		1,109
Subtotal Operating costs and expenses		1,690		1,615			3,133		3,259
Loss (Gain) on derivative liability		67		(460	)		51		(82	)
Other expense (income), net		167		158			348		306
Net loss		1,924		1,313			3,532		3,483

Revenue. We currently have no revenue generating operations.

Operating costs and expenses. Operating costs and expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were $1,690,000 and $3,133,000, respectively, compared to $1,615,000 and $3,259,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. The operating costs and expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2020 increased only $75,000, or 4.6%, compared to the corresponding periods in 2019 (this is an immaterial variance). The decrease in operating costs and expenses during the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding period in 2019 is primarily attributable to a recognition of an impairment charge during the six months ended June 30, 2019. This was partially offset by an increase in general and administrative expenses during the six months ended June 30, 2020.

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were $1,113,000 and $2,088,000, respectively, compared to $996,000 and $1,922,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in general and administrative expenses during each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding periods in 2019 is primarily attributable to higher salary expenses during 2020 compared to the corresponding periods in 2019.

Other expense. Other expenses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were $577,000 and $1,045,000, respectively, compared to $554,000 and $1,109,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. Other general and administrative expenses are comprised of non-compensation and non-professional expenses incurred. The increase in other general and administrative expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding periods in 2019 is immaterial ($23,000 or 4.2%). The decrease in other general and administrative expenses during the six months ended June 30, 2020 ($64,000 or 5.2%) compared to the corresponding periods in 2019 is primarily attributable to decreased marketing expenses associated with investor relations activities.

Loss (Gain) on derivative liability. Loss, (Gain) on derivative liability during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were $67,000 and $51,000, compared to ($460,000) and ($82,000) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. An embedded derivative is contained within the valuation of Zion’s $100 convertible bond offering which closed in March 2016. The loss on derivative liability during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the (gain), on derivative liability during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 is primarily due to the change in the share price of our common stock that occurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.

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Other expense, net. Other expense, net for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were $167,000 and $348,000, compared to $158,000 and $306,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in other expense, net during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the corresponding period in 2019 is primarily attributable to exchange rate differences associated with the fluctuating exchange rates of the New Israeli Shekels (“NIS”) with the U.S. Dollar (“USD”) and to financial expenses related to the Company’s convertible bonds.

Net Loss. Net loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were $1,924,000 and $3,532,000 compared to $1,313,000 and $3,483,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in net loss for 2020 is primarily attributable to the approximately $460,000 and $82,000 gain recognized on derivative liability in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 compared to a net loss of $67,000 and $51,000 on the derivative liability for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is a measure of a company’s ability to meet potential cash requirements. As discussed above, we have historically met our capital requirements through the issuance of common stock as well as proceeds from the exercise of warrants and options to purchase common shares.

Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining the necessary financing to complete further exploration and development activities and generate profitable operations from our oil and natural gas interests in the future. Our current operations are dependent upon the adequacy of our current assets to meet our current expenditure requirements and the accuracy of management’s estimates of those requirements. Should those estimates be materially incorrect, our ability to continue as a going concern will be impaired. Our financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2020 have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. We have incurred a history of operating losses and negative cash flows from operations. Therefore, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

At June 30, 2020, we had approximately $8,288,000 in cash and cash equivalents compared to $4,845,000 at December 31, 2019, which does not include any restricted funds. Our working capital (current assets minus current liabilities) was $6,543,000 at June 30, 2020 and $5,012,000 at December 31, 2019.

As of June 30, 2020, we provided bank guarantees to various governmental bodies (approximately $976,000) and others (approximately $82,000) in respect of our drilling operation in the aggregate amount of approximately $1,058,000. The Company also paid $1,000,000 to its escrow agent with respect to the purchase of a drilling rig in March 2020. The (cash) funds backing these guarantees are held in restricted interest-bearing accounts and are reported on the Company’s balance sheets as fixed short-term bank deposits restricted, and fixed long-term bank deposits restricted. The Company has confirmed that the restricted funds are held by the escrow agent as of June 30, 2020.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, cash used in operating activities totaled $2,956,000. Cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $12,500,000 and is primarily attributable to proceeds received from the Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (the “DSPP” or “Plan”). Net cash used in investing activities was $5,139,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2020. This was primarily the result of the purchase of the drilling rig, equipment and inventory totaling $4,600,000.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, cash used in operating activities totaled $2,416,000. Cash provided by financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2019 was $5,631,000 and is primarily attributable to proceeds received from the DSPP. Net cash used in investing activities, primarily for preparatory work for the 3-D seismic shoot in the MJL, and other assets was $3,160,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

We expect to incur additional significant expenditures to further our exploration and development programs. While we raised approximately $6,400,000 during the period July 1, 2020 through August 7, 2020, we will need to raise additional funds in order to continue our exploration and development activities in our license area. Additionally, we estimate that, when we are not actively drilling a well, our expenditures are approximately $500,000 per month excluding exploratory operational activities. However, when we are actively drilling a well, we estimate an additional minimum expenditure of approximately $2,500,000 per month. The above estimates are subject to change. Subject to the qualifications specified below, management believes that our existing cash balance, coupled with anticipated proceeds under the DSPP, will be sufficient to finance our plan of operations through February 2021. 

The recent outbreak of the coronavirus has to date significantly disrupted business operations and resulted in significantly increased unemployment in the general economy. The extent to which the coronavirus impacts our operations, specifically our capital raising efforts, as well as our ability to continue our exploratory efforts, will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the duration of the outbreak, new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus and the actions to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact, among others.

No assurance can be provided that we will be able to raise the needed operating capital required to continue our exploratory efforts or maintain orderly operations.

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Even if we raise the needed funds, there are factors that can nevertheless adversely impact our ability to fund our operating needs, including (without limitation), unexpected or unforeseen cost overruns in planned non-drilling exploratory work (e.g., seismic acquisition costs, permitting and surface damages and importation of equipment into Israel, etc.) in existing license areas, the costs associated with extended delays in undertaking the required exploratory work, and plugging and abandonment activities which is typical of what we have experienced in the past. 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not currently use any off-balance sheet arrangements to enhance our liquidity or capital resource position, or for any other purpose.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company does not believe that the adoption of any recently issued accounting pronouncements in 2020 had a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flow.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk is a broad term for the risk of economic loss due to adverse changes in the fair value of a financial instrument. These changes may be the result of various factors, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and/or equity prices. In the normal course of doing business, we are exposed to the risks associated with foreign currency exchange rates and changes in interest rates.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risks. A portion of our expenses, primarily labor expenses and certain supplier contracts, are denominated in New Israeli Shekels (“NIS”). As a result, we have significant exposure to the risk of fluctuating exchange rates with the U.S. Dollar (“USD”), our primary reporting currency. During the period January 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020, the USD has fluctuated by approximately 0.3% against the NIS (the USD has strengthened relative to the NIS). By contrast, during the period January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019, the USD fluctuated by approximately 7.8% against the NIS (the USD weakened relative to the NIS). Continued strengthening of the US dollar against the NIS will result in lower operating costs from NIS denominated expenses. To date, we have not hedged any of our currency exchange rate risks, but we may do so in the future.

Interest Rate Risk. Our exposure to market risk relates to our cash and investments. We maintain an investment portfolio of short-term bank deposits and money market funds. The securities in our investment portfolio are not leveraged, and are, due to their very short-term nature, subject to minimal interest rate risk. We currently do not hedge interest rate exposure. Because of the short-term maturities of our investments, we do not believe that a change in market interest rates would have a significant negative impact on the value of our investment portfolio except for reduced income in a low interest rate environment. At June 30, 2020, we had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term bank deposits/restricted cash of approximately $10,340,000. The weighted average annual interest rate related to our cash and cash equivalents for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, exclusive of funds at US banks that earn no interest, was approximately .35% and .43%, respectively.

The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, we invest our excess cash in short-term bank deposits and money market funds that may invest in high quality debt instruments.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. As of June 30, 2020, our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2020.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the second quarter of 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Investigation

As previously disclosed by the Company, on June 21, 2018, Zion received a subpoena to produce documents from the Fort Worth office of the SEC informing the Company of the existence of a non-public, fact-finding inquiry into the Company. Prior to the receipt of the subpoena on June 21, 2018, Zion had no previous communication with the SEC on this issue and was unaware of this investigation. The SEC stated that “the investigation and the subpoena do not mean that we have concluded that [Zion] or anyone else has violated the law.” To date, Zion has furnished all required documents to the SEC and will continue to fully cooperate with the investigation.

The Company cannot predict when this matter will be resolved or what further action, if any, the SEC may take in connection with it.

Litigation

Following the commencement of the SEC investigation, on August 9, 2018, a putative class action (the “class action”) Complaint was filed against Zion, Victor G. Carrillo, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer at such time, and Michael B. Croswell Jr., the Company’s Chief Financial Officer (collectively, the “Defendants”) in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas. On November 16, 2018, the Court entered an Order in the class action appointing lead plaintiffs and approving lead counsel and on January 22, 2019, an Amended Complaint was filed. On February 1, 2019, a Corrected Amended Class Action Complaint was filed. The suit alleges violations of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder by the SEC and Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) against all defendants and alleges violations of Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Section 15 of the Securities Act against the individual defendants. The alleged class period is from February 13, 2018 through November 20, 2018. On March 13, 2019, a Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs’ Corrected Amended Complaint was filed on behalf of Zion, Victor Carrillo and Michael B. Croswell, Jr., pleading numerous grounds in support of their Motion to Dismiss. On April 29, 2019 Plaintiffs filed a Response to Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss, and on May 29, 2019 Defendants filed a Reply to Plaintiffs’ Response. On March 4, 2020, the Court granted Defendants’ Motion and dismissed all claims granting Plaintiffs leave to amend.  On March 30, 2020, the Lead Plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the Class Action with prejudice as to the Company and all other defendants.

The Company disputed the above claims and made an advance deposit of $500,000 in 2018 to defense counsel for the cost of defending the litigation. The Company carries insurance that is applicable to these claims. During May 2020, the Company received a refund of approximately $142,000 from its defense in reconciliation of the advance deposit to actual legal expenses.

On October 29, 2018, Zion received a shareholder request to inspect books and records pursuant to Section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law for the purpose of investigating potential corporate mismanagement and alleged breaches of fiduciary duty in connection with public statements made by the Company from March 12, 2018 to May 30, 2018.  The Company responded to this request.

On August 10, 2019, Zion received two (2) additional shareholder requests from the same law firm to inspect books and records pursuant to section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law for the purpose of investigating potential corporate mismanagement and alleged breaches of fiduciary duty in connection with public statements made by the Company from February 1, 2018 to present. Following discussion with counsel to the shareholder, the Company’s counsel produced materials responsive to the shareholders’ requests in January 2020.

On February 12, 2020, by letter to Zion’s Board of Directors, one of the shareholders making the August 10, 2019 request demanded that the Board investigate, address, remedy, and commence proceedings against certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors for alleged breaches of fiduciary duties, violations of section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, waste of corporate assets, unjust enrichment, and violations of all other applicable laws. The shareholder alleges wrongdoing in connection with public statements made by the Company from February 1, 2018 regarding the Company’s oil and gas exploration activities, the Company’s accounting and disclosure of expenses, and the Board’s oversight of operations. The Board hired independent counsel to investigate the claims made against certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors. That investigation has concluded and, based on the findings and recommendations of independent counsel, the Board has decided not to pursue claims against any current or former officer or director. On July 14, 2020, Zion received a request from the same shareholder making the February 12, 2020 demand to inspect books and records pursuant to Section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law for the purpose of evaluating the Board’s decision to reject the litigation demand.

From time to time, the Company may also be subject to routine litigation, claims or disputes in the ordinary course of business. The Company defends itself vigorously in all such matters. However, we cannot predict the outcome or effect of any of the litigation or any other pending litigation or claims.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 

During the quarter ended June 30, 2020, there were no material changes to the risk factors previously reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION:

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Index:

10.1	Purchase and Sale Agreement between Zion Oil & Gas Inc. and Central European Drilling kft (seller), dated March 12, 2020 of an onshore drilling rig, drill pipe and related equipment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company annual report on Form 10-K filed on March 27, 2020)
10.2	Bill of Sale between Zion Oil & Gas, Inc. (buyer) and Central European Drilling kft (seller) dated March 12, 2020 of an onshore drilling rig, drill pipe and related equipment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Company annual report on Form 10-K filed on March 27, 2020)
10.3	Escrow agreement between Zion Oil & Gas, Inc. (buyer), Central European Drilling kft (seller) and American Stock Transfer & Trust LLC (escrow agent) dated March 12, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company annual report on Form 10-K filed on March 27, 2020)
10.4	Executive Employment and Retention Agreements (Management Agreements)

(i) Employment Agreement dated May 1, 2019 and made effective May 1, 2019 between Zion Oil & Gas, Inc. and Robert Dunn

(ii) First Amendment to Employment Agreement dated June 11, 2020 and made effective June 11, 20202 between Zion Oil & Gas, Inc. and Robert Dunn

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 under the Exchange Act
31.2	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 under the Exchange Act
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished only)
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished only)
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

ZION OIL & GAS, INC.
(Registrant)
By:	/s/ Robert W.A. Dunn	By:	/s/ Michael B. Croswell Jr.
	Robert W. A. Dunn		Michael B. Croswell Jr.
	Chief Executive Officer		Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
Date:	August 10 2020	Date:	August 10, 2020

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EX-10.4I

Exhibit 10.4(i)

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

THIS AGREEMENT is made as of May 1, 2019

BETWEEN:

ZION OIL AND GAS INC., a Company incorporated under the laws of Delaware.

(the “Company”)

and -

ROBERT DUNN

(the “Employee”)

CONTEXT OF THIS AGREEMENT

A. The Company explores for oil and gas in Israel.

B. The Company wishes to employ the Employee as the Director of Operations. FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the sufficiency of which is acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:

PART l

INTERPRETATION

1.1 Definitions. In this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

“Agreement” means this agreement and all schedules attached hereto and all amendments made hereto and thereto in writing by the parties.

“Business Day” means a day other than a Saturday, Sunday or statutory holiday in the U.S.A. and Israel.

“Person” includes individuals, companies, limited partnerships, general partnerships, joint stock companies, joint ventures, associations, companies, trusts or other organizations, whether or not legal entities.

1.2 Entire Agreement. This Agreement together with the agreements and other documents to be delivered pursuant to this Agreement (or other agreements pertaining to employee benefits, including, without limitation, stock option and bonus plan agreements), constitute the entire agreement between the parties pertaining to the subject matter of this Agreement and supersede all prior agreements, understandings, negotiations and discussions, whether oral or written, of the parties and there are no warranties, representations or other agreements between the parties in connection with the subject matter of this Agreement except as specifically set forth in this Agreement and any document delivered pursuant to this Agreement. No supplement, modification or waiver or termination of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by the party to be bound thereby.

1.3 Sections and Headings. The division of this Agreement into parts and sections and the insertion of headings are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement. The terms “this Agreement”, “hereof”, “hereunder” and similar expressions refer to this Agreement and not to any particular article, section or other portion hereof and include any agreement or instrument supplemental or ancillary hereto. Unless something in the subject matter or context is inconsistent therewith, references herein to parts and sections are to parts and sections of this Agreement.

1.4 Number & Gender. Words importing the singular number only shall include the plural and vice versa and words importing the masculine gender shall include the feminine and neuter genders and vice versa.

1.5 Applicable Law. This Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the United States of America, and specifically, those of the State of Texas applicable thereto.

1.6 Currency. Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to currency shall be references to currency of the United States.

1.7 Calculation of Time. When calculating the period of time within which or following which any act is to be done or step taken pursuant to this Agreement, the date which is the reference date in calculating such period shall be excluded. If the last day of such period is a non Business Day, the period in question shall end on the next Business Day.

PART 2

APPOINTMENT AND DUTIES

2.1 Appointment. The Company agrees to employ the Employee as its Director of Operations with emphasis on the Company’s seismic program upon the terms and conditions contained herein, and the Employee accepts such appointment.

2.2 Term. The employment of the Employee hereunder shall commence effective May 1, 2019 and shall continue for an initial term until December 31, 2019 (the “Initial Term”) unless terminated in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. This Agreement shall be automatically renewed for successive one (1) year terms (each a “Renewal Term”) unless the Company or Employee indicates in writing, at least 30 days prior to the termination of this Initial term or any Renewal term, that it does not intend to renew this Agreement.

2.3 Duties and Reporting. The Employee will report directly to the CEO and/or the President and shall carry out all duties and responsibilities which are from time to time assigned to him by the Board of Directors and/or the CEO and/or the President.

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PART 3

BENEFITS & EXPENSES

3.1 Gross Salary. During the term hereof, and subject to the performance of the services required to be performed hereunder by Employee, the Company shall pay to the Employee for all services rendered hereunder, $200,000 annually as base salary, payable not less often than once per month and in accordance with the Company’s normal and reasonable payroll practices, a monthly gross amount equal to $16,667 (the “Gross Salary”). The Board of Directors will review the Gross Salary annually and, in its sole discretion, consider any increases it deems warranted at that time.

3.2 Other Compensation. The Employee shall be granted a one-time option to purchase up to 100,000 shares of common stock of the Company at a per share exercise price of $0.01. The options will be vested on a schedule that will allow for vesting of 50,000 options on September 1, 2019, and the remaining 50,000 options will vest on January 1, 2020 unless a notice of non renewal shall have been issued pursuant to Section 2.2..

3.3 Vehicle and Housing Allowance. Company shall provide a monthly vehicle allowance in the amount of $ 650 for reasonable business use of his vehicle. Zion will provide reasonable housing, either in the form of hotel accommodations or lease of an apartment at Zion’s discretion with a monthly cap of $2,500.00.

3.4 Cell Phone. Company shall reimburse the Employee for a cell phone and reasonable use charges.

3.5 Benefits. The Employee shall be entitled to fully participate in all of the Company’s benefit plans generally available to its senior level employees from time to time, including any applicable profit sharing plan, royalty pool, management incentive plan or similar plan or arrangement; provided, however, nothing herein will be construed to limit, condition or otherwise encumber the Company’s right to amend, discontinue, substitute or maintain any employee benefits plan, program or perquisite in accordance with applicable law. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Agreement to the contrary, this Section 3.5 and the rights conferred on Employee herein shall survive the expiration of this Agreement.

3.6 Expenses. The Employee shall be reimbursed for ordinary, necessary and reasonable out-of-pocket trade or business expenses incurred in connection with the performance of Employee’s duties under this Agreement, together with any applicable sales, services and other applicable taxes as a result thereof, by the Company within fifteen (15) Business Days after presentation by the Employee of proper invoices and receipts in keeping with the policies of the Company, as established from time to time, subject to the reasonable approval of the Executive Chairman or the Board of Directors. The Company also authorizes business class travel when flying on overseas flights.

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3.7 Options. Subject to the Employee entering into the Company’s standard Employee Stock Option agreement, for services required to be performed hereunder by Employee, the Employee shall be entitled to participate in an employee stock option plan of the Company. Company shall grant to Employee under the Company’s 2011 and any other applicable Stock Option Plan fully vested options to purchase 25,000 shares of Common Stock of the Company during the First Renewal Term, if applicable, at a per share exercise price of $0.01 (“Vested Options”) commencing January 5, 2020, and continuing on fifth (5th) day of January of each applicable successive Renewal Term. All Options are subject to the terms of the written stock option agreement(s) issued by the Company.

3.8 Paid Time Off/Paid Holidays. The Employee shall be entitled to paid time off (“PTO”) at the rate of twenty (20) days for each calendar year, pro-rated as applicable for any partial calendar year and subject to the terms of the Company’s vacation policy. PTO is meant to include all vacation, personal and sick days, and Employee shall be compensated at the usual rate of base compensation for any PTO. Employee shall not be entitled to any additional PTO. The Employee shall also be entitled to paid Company Holidays as generally given by the Company. Vacation days may be accumulated for two (2) years, after which they must be used or redeemed; provided that accumulation of vacation days in excess of forty (40) days may be approved by the Board of Directors in its discretion. Vacation days shall be prorated for any portion of a year to the date of termination.

3.9 Withholding Tax Company shall withhold, or charge Employee with, all taxes and other compulsory payments as required under applicable law with respect to all payments, benefits and/or other compensation paid to Employee in connection with his employment with Company.

3.10 Insurance. The Employee shall be entitled to participate in all health, dental, vision, disability and term insurance programs offered by the Company to its employees, for which the Company will contribute up to $_2,500.00 per month; provided, however, until such time as Employee is enrolled under the Company’s applicable plans, the Company shall reimburse Employee for all premiums paid by Employee under COBRA coverage through Employee’s previous employer.

3.11 Professional Fees. The Company shall pay for or reimburse Employee for all reasonable professional license fees and/or dues incurred by Employee for membership in oil and gas associations.

PART 4

EMPLOYEE’S COVENANTS

4.1 Service. The Employee shall devote substantially all of his business time, attention and ability to the business of the Company and shall well and faithfully serve the Company and shall use his best efforts to promote the interests of the Company. The Employee appreciates that the Employee’s duties may involve significant travel from the Employee’s place of employment, and the Employee agrees to travel as reasonably required in order to fulfill the Employee’s duties. The Employee may sit on corporate boards unless there is a reasonable basis upon which the Company may deny him the right to do so.

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4.2 Duties and Responsibilities. The Employee shall duly and diligently perform all the duties assigned to him while in the employment of the Company, and shall truly and faithfully account for and deliver to the Company all money, securities and things of value belonging to the Company which the Employee may from time to time receive for, from or on account of the Company.

4.3 Rules and Regulations. The Employee shall be bound by and shall faithfully observe and abide by all the rules and regulations of the Company from time to time in force including insider trading policies, blackout periods for the purchase and sale of the Company’s securities and underwriter lock ups, from time to time in force.

PART 5

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENTS

5.1 “Confidential Information” means information, whether or not originated by the Employee, that relates to the business or affairs of the Company, its affiliates, clients or suppliers and is confidential or proprietary to, about or created by the Company, its affiliates, clients, or suppliers. Confidential Information includes, but is not limited to, the following types of confidential information and other proprietary information of a similar nature (whether or not reduced to writing or designated or marked as confidential):

(i) work product resulting from or related to work or projects performed for or to be performed for the Company or its affiliates, including but not limited to, the interim and final lines of inquiry, hypotheses, research and conclusions related thereto and the methods, processes, procedures, analysis, techniques and audits used in connection therewith;

(ii) computer software of any type or form and in any stage of actual or anticipated development, including but not limited to, programs and program modules, routines and subroutines, procedures, algorithms, design concepts, design specifications (design notes, annotations, documentation, flowcharts, coding sheets, and the like), source code, object code and load modules, programming, program patches and system designs;

(iii) information relating to developments (as hereinafter defined) prior to any public disclosure thereof, including but not limited to, the nature of the developments, production data, technical and engineering data, test data and test results, the status and details of research and development of products and services, and information regarding acquiring, protecting, enforcing and licensing proprietary rights (including patents, copyrights and trade secrets);

(iv) internal Company personnel and financial information, vendor names and other vendor information, purchasing and internal cost information, internal services and operational manuals, and the manner and method of conducting the Company’s business;

(v) marketing and development plans, price and cost data, price and fee amounts, pricing and billing policies, quoting procedures, marketing techniques and methods of obtaining business, forecasts and forecast assumptions and volumes, and future plans and potential strategies of the Company that have been or are being discussed; and

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(vi) all information that becomes known to the Employee as a result of employment that the Employee, acting reasonably, believes is confidential information or that the Company takes measures to protect.

5.2 Confidential Information does not include:

(i) the general skills and experience gained during the Employee’s employment or engagement with the Company that the Employee could reasonably have been expected to acquire in similar employment or engagements with other companies;

(ii) information publicly known without breach of this Agreement or similar agreements; or

(iii) information, the disclosure of which is required to be made by any law, regulation, governmental authority or court (to the extent of the requirement), provided that before disclosure is made, notice of the requirement is provided to the Company, and to the extent of the requirement, (to the extent reasonably possible in the circumstances) the Company is afforded an opportunity to dispute the requirement.

5.3 “Developments” means all discoveries, inventions, designs, works of authorship, improvements and ideas (whether or not patentable or copyrightable) and legally recognized proprietary rights (including, but not limited to, patents, copyrights, trademarks, topographies, know-how and trade secrets), and all records and copies of records relating to the foregoing, that relates solely to the Company’s business and improvements and modifications to it:

(i) resulting or derived from the Employee’s employment or from the Employee’s knowledge or use of Confidential Information;

(ii) conceived or made by the Employee (individually or in collaboration with others) during the term of the Employee’s employment by the Company;

(iii) resulting from or derived from the use or application of the resources of the Company or its affiliates; or

(iv) relating to the business operations of or actual or demonstrably anticipated research and development by the Company or its affiliates.

For greater certainty, discoveries, inventions, designs, works of authorship, improvements and ideas (whether or not patentable or copyrightable) of the Employee that do not relate to the business of the Company are not the subject matter of this Agreement.

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PART 6

NO CONFLICTING OBLIGATIONS

6.1 The Employee warrants to the Company that:

(i) the performance of the Employee’s duties as an employee of the Company will not breach any agreement or other obligation to keep confidential the proprietary information of any other party; and

(ii) the Employee is not bound by any agreement with or obligation to any other party that conflicts with the Employee’s obligations as an employee of the Company or that may affect the Company’s interest in the Developments.

6.2 The Employee will not, in the performance of the Employee’s duties as an employee of the Company:

(i) improperly bring to the Company or use any trade secrets, confidential information or other proprietary information of any other party; or

(ii) knowingly infringe the intellectual property rights of any other party.

PART 7

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION

7.1 Protection of Confidential Information. All Confidential Information, whether it is developed by the Employee during the Employment Period or by others employed or engaged by or associated with the Company or its affiliates or clients, is the exclusive and confidential property of the Company or its affiliates or clients, as the case may be, and will at all times be regarded, treated and protected as such, as provided in this Agreement.

7.2 Covenants Respecting Confidential Information. As a consequence of the acquisition of Confidential Information, the Employee will occupy a position of trust and confidence with respect to the affairs and business of the Company and its affiliates and clients. In view of the foregoing, it is reasonable and necessary for the Employee to make the following covenants regarding the Employee’s conduct during and subsequent to the Employee’s employment by the Company.

7.3 Non-Disclosure. At all times during and subsequent to the Employee’s employment with the Company, the Employee will not disclose Confidential Information to any Person (other than as necessary in carrying out the Employee’s duties on behalf of the Company) without first obtaining the Company’s consent, and the Employee will take all reasonable precautions to prevent inadvertent disclosure of any Confidential Information. This prohibition includes, but is not limited to, disclosing or confirming the fact that any similarity exists between the Confidential Information and any other information.

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7.4 Non-Competition. During Employee’s employment with the Company and for a period of one (1) year after the termination thereof, the Employee shall not, directly or indirectly, individually or in partnership or in conjunction with any other person or entity:

(i) be engaged, directly or indirectly, in any manner whatsoever as an employee, consultant, adviser, principal, agent, member or proprietor in any business that engages in oil and gas exploration and production in Israel and/or the Palestinian territory without written consent by the Company;

(ii) be engaged, directly or indirectly, in any manner whatsoever as an employee, consultant, adviser, principal, agent, member or proprietor in any business that engages in oil and gas exploration and production in Israel and/or the Palestinian territory in a capacity in which the loyal and complete fulfilment of Employee’s duties to that business would inherently require Employee’s use, copying or transferring Confidential Information without written consent by the Company; or

(iii) advise, invest in, lend money to, guarantee the debts or obligations of, or otherwise have any other financial or other interest (including an interest by way of royalty or other compensation arrangements) in or in respect of any person or entity which carries on an oil and gas exploration and production business in Israel and/or the Palestinian territory without written consent by the Company.

7.5 Using, Copying, etc. At all times during and subsequent to the Employee’s employment with the Company, the Employee will not use, copy, transfer or destroy any Confidential Information (other than as necessary in carrying out the Employee’s duties on behalf of the Company) without first obtaining the Company’s consent, and the Employee will take all reasonable precautions to prevent inadvertent use, copying, transfer or destruction of any Confidential Information. This prohibition includes, but is not limited to, licensing or otherwise exploiting, directly or indirectly, any products or services that embody or are derived from Confidential Information or exercising judgment or performing analysis based upon knowledge of Confidential Information.

7.6 Return of Confidential Information. Within 2 Business Days after the termination of the Employee’s employment on any basis and of receipt by the Employee of the Company’s written request, the Employee will promptly deliver to the Company all property of or belonging to or administered by Company including without limitation all Confidential Information that is embodied in any physical or ephemeral form, whether in hard copy or on magnetic media, and that is within the Employee’s possession, custody or under the Employee’s control.

7.7 Obligations Continue. The Employee’s obligations under this Part 7 are to remain in effect in perpetuity unless provided otherwise herein.

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PART 8

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

8.1 Ownership. All Developments will be the exclusive property of the Company, and the Company will have sole discretion to deal with Developments. For greater certainty, all work done during the Employment Period by the Employee for the Company or its affiliates is a work for hire of which the Company or its affiliate, as the case may be, is the first author for copyright purposes and in respect of which all copyright will vest in the Company or the relevant affiliate, as the case may be.

8.2 Records. The Employee will keep complete, accurate and authentic notes, reference materials, data and records of all Developments in the manner and form requested by the Company. All these materials will be Confidential Information upon their creation.

8.3 Moral Rights. The Employee hereby irrevocably waives all moral rights arising under statute in any jurisdiction or under common law which the employee may have now or in the future with respect to the Developments, including, without limitation, any rights the Employee may have to have the Employee’s name associated with the Developments or to have the Employee’s name not associated with the Developments, any rights the Employee may have to prevent the alteration, translation or destruction of the Developments, and any rights the Employee may have to control the use of the Developments in association with any product, service, cause or institution. The Employee agrees that this waiver may be invoked by the Company, and by any of its authorized agents or assignees, in respect of any or all of the Developments and that the Company may assign the benefit of this waiver to any Person.

8.4 Further Assurances. The Employee will do all further things that may be reasonably necessary or desirable in order to give full effect to the foregoing. If the Employee’s co-operation is required in order for the Company to obtain or enforce legal protection of the Developments following the termination of the Employee’s employment, the Employee will provide that co-operation so long as the Company pays to the Employee reasonable compensation for the Employee’s time at a rate to be agreed.

8.5 Obligations Continue. The Employee’s obligations under this Part 8 are to remain in effect in perpetuity.

PART 9

CONSENT TO ENFORCEMENT

The Employee confirms that all restrictions in Part 7 and 8 are reasonable and valid, and all defenses to the strict enforcement thereof by the Company are waived by the Employee. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Employee hereby consents to an injunction being granted by a court of competent jurisdiction in the event that the Employee is in any breach of any of the provisions stipulated in Part 7 and 8. The Employee hereby expressly acknowledges and agrees that injunctive relief is an appropriate and fair remedy in the event of a breach of any of the said provisions.

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PART 10

WARRANTIES, COVENANTS AND REMEDIES

10.1 The obligations of the Employee as set forth in Parts 6 through 9 will be deemed to have commenced as of the date on which the Employee was first employed by Company. The Employee warrants that the Employee has not, to date, breached any of the obligations set forth in any of those Sections. Any breach of those sections by the Employee will constitute Just Cause for immediate termination of the Employee’s employment or engagement by the Company.

10.2 The Employee understands that the Company has expended significant financial resources in developing its products and the Confidential Information. Accordingly, a breach by the Employee of any of Parts 6 through 9 could result in unfair competition with the Company and could result in the Company and its shareholders suffering irreparable harm that is not capable of being calculated and that cannot be fully or adequately compensated by the recovery of damages alone. Accordingly, the Employee agrees that the Company will be entitled to interim and permanent injunctive relief or specific performance. The Employee’s obligations under each of Parts 6 through 9 are to remain in effect in accordance with each of their terms and will exist and continue in full force and effect despite any breach or repudiation of this Agreement or the Employee’s employment (including, without limitation, the Employee’s wrongful dismissal) by the Company.

PART 11

TERMINATION

11.1 Termination by the Employee. The Employee may terminate this Agreement upon 30 Business Days prior written notice given by the Employee to the Company. The Company, at its sole discretion, may elect to accept the 30 Business Days written notice or to reduce or eliminate the notice period. In such event, the Employee’s employment shall terminate on the earlier day elected by the Company. Such election on the part of the Company will not alter the nature of the termination as voluntary, and the Company will not be required to pay any severance or termination payments in respect of a termination by the Employee under this Section 11.1. Upon the termination of employment by the Employee under this Section 11.1, the Company shall pay to the Employee all bonuses and other benefits earned or accrued up to the date of termination, but otherwise all obligations of the Company under this Agreement shall end.

11.2 Definition of “Just Cause”. “Just Cause” means:

(i) Employee’s conviction of, or plea of nolo contendere, to any felony or to a crime involving moral depravity or fraud; (ii) Employee’s commission of an act of dishonesty or fraud or breach of fiduciary duty or act that has a material adverse effect on the name or public image of the Company, as determined by the Board, provided the Board affords the Employee the opportunity to personally appear before the Board in order to state his case prior to the Board voting to so terminate the Employee; (iii) Employee’s commission of an act of willful misconduct or gross negligence, as determined by the Board provided the Employee shall have the opportunity to state his case before the Board prior to the Board taking such decision to so terminate the Employee; (iv) the failure of Employee to perform his duties under this Agreement; (v) the breach of any of Employee’s obligations under this Agreement; (vi) the failure of Employee to follow a directive of the Executive Chairman or the Board; or (vii) excessive absenteeism, chronic alcoholism or any other form of addiction that prevents Employee from performing the essential functions of his position with or without a reasonable accommodation; provided, however, that the Company may terminate Employee’s employment for Just Cause, as to (iv) or (v) above, only after failure by Employee to correct or cure such conduct or omission within ten (10) days after receipt by Employee of written notice by the Company of each specific claim of any such misconduct or failure.

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11.3 Termination by the Company for Just Cause. The Company may terminate this Agreement at any time for Just Cause without notice and (except as provided in the immediately following sentence) without payment of any compensation by way of anticipated earnings, damages, or other relief of any kind whatsoever. Upon the termination of employment by the Company for Just Cause, the Company shall pay to the Employee all salaries, bonuses, vacation and other benefits, if any, earned or accrued up to the date of termination, but otherwise all obligations of the Company under this Agreement end.

11.4 Termination by the Company for Other Than Just Cause. The Company may terminate this Agreement at any time for other than Just Cause upon the following terms:

(a) if the Company so terminates this Agreement at any time during the Initial Term of this Agreement, the Company shall pay to the Employee an amount equal to the base salary then payable, if any, for the period from the date of such termination to the end of the Initial Term, as if the Agreement had not been so terminated and in all cases, subject to the deductions in Section 3.9;

(b) if the Company so terminates this Agreement after the Initial Term or during a Renewal Term, the Company shall pay the Employee an amount equal to the base salary, if any, then payable to the Employee for a period of three months subject to the deductions in Section 3.9; and

(c) upon any such termination, all bonuses or other benefits earned or accrued up to the date of termination or expiry shall be paid by the Company, but except for such payments and the payments to be made pursuant to Sections 1l.4(a) or (b), as applicable, all obligations of the Company under this Agreement shall end upon such termination or failure to renew. Payments under Sections l1.4(a) or (b) shall be payable monthly subject to deductions in Section 3.9.

11.5 Termination by the Employee for Good Reason. The Employee may terminate this Agreement at any time upon the occurrence of any of the following events (each a “Good Reason”), if such occurrence takes place without the express written consent of the Employee:

(i) a negative change in the Employee’s title or position or a material diminution in the Employee’s duties or the assignment to the Employee of duties which materially impairs the Employee’s ability to function in his current capacity for the Company, or, with respect to an assignment of duties only, is materially inconsistent with his duties; and

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(ii) any material change in the Employee’s direct reporting obligations.

In the event that the Employee terminates this Agreement for Good Reason, he shall be entitled to the same payments and benefits as provided in Section 11.4 of this Agreement as if the Company had terminated this Agreement at the time that the Employee terminates this Agreement under this Section 11.5.

11.6 Full and Final Release. In order to be eligible for the payments as set forth in this Section 11 the Employee must (i) execute and deliver to the Company a general release, in a form satisfactory to the Company and Employee, and (ii) be and remain in full compliance with his obligations under this Agreement.

11.7 Fair and Reasonable. The parties confirm that the provisions contained in Sections 11.4 and 11.5 are fair and reasonable and that all such payments shall be in full satisfaction of all claims which the Employee may otherwise have at law against the Company including, or in equity by virtue of such termination of employment.

11.8 Return of Property. Upon the termination of the Employee’s employment for any reason whatsoever, the Employee shall at once deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company all books, documents, effects, money, computer equipment, computer storage media, securities or other property belonging to the Company or for which the Company is liable to others, which are in the possession, charge, control or custody of the Employee.

11.9 Provisions Which Operate Following Termination. Notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement for any reason whatsoever, provisions of this Agreement necessary to give efficacy thereto shall continue in full force and effect.

11.10 Board. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the termination of Employee’s employment hereunder for any reason shall automatically be deemed as Employee’s resignation from the Board of Directors of the Company and any affiliates without any further action, except when the Board shall, in writing, request a continuation of duty as a Director in its sole discretion.

PART 12

GENERAL

12.1 Benefit & Binding. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the respective successors and permitted assigns of the parties hereto.

12.2 Amendments & Waivers. No amendment to this Agreement shall be valid or binding unless set forth in writing and duly executed by all of the parties hereto. No waiver of any breach of any provision of this Agreement shall be effective or binding unless made in writing and signed by the party purporting to give the same and, unless otherwise provided in the written waiver, shall be limited to the specific breach waived.

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12.3 Time. Time shall be of the essence of this Agreement.

12.4 Assignment. Neither this Agreement nor the rights and obligations hereunder shall be assignable by either party without the consent of the other.

12.5 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision and all other provisions hereof shall continue in full force and effect.

12.6 Attornment. For the purposes of all legal proceedings, this Agreement shall be deemed to have been performed in the State of Texas and the courts of Dallas County shall have jurisdiction to entertain any action arising under this Agreement.

PART 13

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Employee acknowledges that:

(i) the Employee has received a copy of this Agreement;

(ii) the Employee has had sufficient time to review and consider this Agreement thoroughly;

(iii) the Employee has read and understands the terms of this Agreement and his obligations under this Agreement;

(iv) the restrictions placed upon the Employee by this Agreement are reasonably necessary to protect the Company’s proprietary interests in the Confidential Information and the Developments and will not preclude the Employee from being gainfully employed in a suitable capacity following the termination of the Employee’s employment, given the Employee’s knowledge and experience;

(v) the Employee has been given an opportunity to obtain independent legal advice, or such other advice as the Employee may desire, concerning the interpretation and effect of this Agreement and by signing this Agreement the Employee has either obtained advice or voluntarily waived the Employee’s opportunity to receive the same; and

(vi) this Agreement is entered into voluntarily by the Employee.

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PART 14

NOTICES

Any demand, notice or other communication (the “Notice”) to be given in connection with this Agreement shall be given in writing on a Business Day and may be given by personal delivery or by confirmed email to the recipient as follows:

To the Company:
	Attention: Executive Chairman
	Email: john.brown@zionoil.com
To the Employee:	Email:

or such other address or email address as may be designated by notice by any party to the other. Any Notice given by personal delivery or email will be deemed to have been given on the day of actual delivery or transmission.

PART 15

FURTHER ASSURANCES

The parties shall from time to time execute and deliver all such further documents and do all acts and things as the other party may reasonably require to effectively carry out or better evidence or perfect the full intent and meaning of this Agreement.

PART 16

FAX SIGNATURES

This Agreement may be signed either by original signature or by scanned and emailed signature.

PART 17

COUNTERPARTS

This Agreement may be executed by the parties in one or more counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be an original and such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties have duly executed this Agreement.

ZION OIL & GAS, INC.
By	/s/ JOHN BROWN
	JOHN BROWN,
	CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Date:	4/9/19
/s/ ROBERT DUNN
ROBERT DUNN
Date: April 9th 2019

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EX-10.4II

Exhibit 10.4(ii)

FIRST AMENDMENT

TO

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

This First Amendment to Employment Agreement is made this 11th day of June, 2020, (the “Effective Date”) by and between Zion Oil and Gas, Inc., a Delaware corporation, (“Zion”) and Robert Dunn (“Dunn”).

RECITALS

WHEREAS, Zion and Dunn entered into that certain Employment Agreement on May 1, 2019, (the “2019 Agreement”) by which Zion employed Dunn as Director of Operations;

WHEREAS, the parties hereby acknowledge that Dunn was promoted to the positions of Senior Vice-President and Chief Operating Officer of Zion on and effective June 15, 2019;

WHEREAS, on June 11, 2020, Dunn vacated the position of Senior Vice-President, retained the position of Chief Operating Officer, and was promoted to the additional position of Chief Executive Officer by unanimous vote of the Board of Directors; and

WHEREAS, the parties therefore desire to amend Dunn’s 2019 Agreement accordingly.

NOW, THEREFORE, for the consideration expressed in the 2019 Agreement and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is acknowledged by the parties hereto, Zion and Dunn hereby amend and modify the 2019 Agreement as of the Effective Date, as follows:

Section 2.1 is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

“The Company agrees to employ the Employee as its Chief Executive Officer and continue his employment as Chief Operating Officer, upon the terms and conditions herein, and the Employee accepts such appointment.”

Section 2.3 is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows:

“The Employee will report directly to the Executive Chairman of the Board and/or the Board of Directors and shall carry out all duties and responsibilities which are from time to time assigned to him by the Executive Chairman and/or the Board of Directors.”

Section 3.1 is hereby amended and modified by adding the following sentence after “(the “Gross Salary”) in the fifth line: “As of May 1, 2020, the Company shall pay to the Employee for all services rendered hereunder the Gross Salary of $250,000 annually or $20,833.33 monthly in accordance with the Company’s normal and reasonable payroll practices.”

Section 3.10 is hereby amended and modified by adding the following sentence at the end of the Section: “In addition, the Company will contribute up to $1,100.00 per month toward term life insurance for Employee.”

Section 8.4 is hereby amended and modified by adding the following proviso at the end of the Section: “provided that the rate will not be less than the last Gross Salary paid to the Employee by the Company during the Employee’s employment.”

Section 11.1 is hereby amended and modified by changing the prior written notice provided therein from thirty (30) Business Days to sixty (60) Business Days.

Section 11.4 (a) is hereby amended and modified by inserting “or twelve (12) months” after the word “terminated” in the fourth line thereof.

Section 11.4 (b) is hereby amended and modified by changing the continued period of payment from three (3) months to twelve (12) months.

All other terms and provisions of the 2019 Agreement shall remain in full force and effect as provided therein, and the 2019 Agreement, as amended hereby, shall be enforceable in accordance with its terms and provisions.

This First Amendment to Employment Agreement is signed and executed by the parties as hereinabove provided.

Zion Oil and Gas, Inc.

By	/s/ John Brown
	John Brown, Executive Chairman

Dunn:

/s/ Robert Dunn

Robert Dunn

First Amendment to Employment Agreement-----Page 2

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

I, Robert W. A. Dunn, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 10, 2020

/s/ Robert W. A. Dunn

Robert W. A. Dunn, Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

I, Michael B. Croswell Jr, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Zion Oil & Gas, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): 

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 10, 2020

/s/ Michael. B. Croswell Jr

Michael B. Croswell Jr, Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Zion Oil and Gas, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, I, Robert Dunn, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods presented in the Report.

/s/ Robert W. A. Dunn

Robert W. A. Dunn

Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

August 10, 2020

This certification accompanies this Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Zion Oil and Gas, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, I, Michael B. Croswell Jr., Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods presented in the Report.

/s/ Michael B. Croswell Jr

Michael B. Croswell Jr.

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

August 10, 2020

This certification accompanies this Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not, except to the extent required by such Act, be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Aug. 06, 2020
Document Information Line Items
Entity Registrant Name	ZION OIL & GAS INC
Document Type	10-Q
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		205,333,221
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001131312
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2020
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity File Number	001-33228
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes

XML

Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 8,288	$ 4,845
Fixed short term bank and escrow deposits – restricted	2,052	1,090
Prepaid expenses and other	430	511
Other deposits		197
Governmental receivables	18	34
Other receivables	172	222
Total current assets	10,960	6,899
Unproved oil and gas properties, full cost method (see Note 4)	11,286	10,637
Property and equipment at cost
Net of accumulated depreciation of $531 and $505	93	115
Right of Use Lease Assets (see Note 7)	530	634
Other assets
Drilling rig and related inventory (see note 2J)	4,609
Assets held for severance benefits	397	371
Total other assets	5,006	371
Total assets	27,875	18,656
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	119	108
Obligation under capital lease	23
Lease obligation – current (see Note 7)	236	239
Asset retirement obligation	571	585
Derivative liability (see Note 6)	181	129
10% Senior convertible bonds, net of unamortized deferred financing cost of $23 and $0 and unamortized debt discount of $422 and $0 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 respectively (see Note 5)	2,802
Accrued liabilities	485	826
Total current liabilities	4,417	1,887
Long-term liabilities
Lease obligation – non-current (see Note 7)	335	450
Obligation under capital lease		19
10% Senior convertible bonds, net of unamortized deferred financing cost of $0 and $36 and unamortized debt discount of $0 and $639 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 respectively (see Note 5 )		2,574
Provision for severance pay	444	402
Total long-term liabilities	779	3,445
Total liabilities	5,196	5,332
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 8)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, par value $.01; Authorized: 400,000,000 shares at June 30, 2020: Issued and outstanding: 179,908,354 and 123,973,084 shares at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 respectively	1,799	1,240
Additional paid-in capital	230,220	217,892
Accumulated deficit	(209,340)	(205,808)
Total stockholders’ equity	22,679	13,324
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 27,875	$ 18,656

XML

Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Accumulated depreciation	$ 531	$ 505
Unamortized deferred financing cost current, net	23	0
Unamortized debt discount current	422	0
Amortized deferred financing cost	0	36
Unamortized deferred financing cost non-current, net	$ 0	$ 639
Common stock, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, authorized (in Shares)	400,000,000	400,000,000
Common stock, issued (in Shares)	179,908,354	123,973,084
Common stock, outstanding (in Shares)	179,908,354	123,973,084

XML

Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]
General and administrative	$ 1,113	$ 996	$ 2,088	$ 1,922
Impairment of unproved oil and gas properties		65		228
Other	577	554	1,045	1,109
Loss from operations	(1,690)	(1,615)	(3,133)	(3,259)
Other income (expense), net
Gain (loss) on derivative liability	(67)	460	(51)	82
Foreign exchange loss	(14)	(6)	(3)
Financial expenses, net	(153)	(152)	(345)	(306)
(Loss), gain before income taxes	(1,924)	(1,313)	(3,532)	(3,483)
Income taxes
Net (loss), income	$ (1,924)	$ (1,313)	$ (3,532)	$ (3,483)
Net (loss), gain per share of common stock
Basic and diluted (in US$) (in Dollars per share)	$ (0.01)	$ (0.02)	$ (0.02)	$ (0.05)
Weighted-average shares outstanding
Basic and diluted (in thousands) (in Shares)	172,361	74,126	155,587	72,073

XML

Consolidated Condensed Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Common Stock		Additional paid-in Capital		Accumulated deficit	Total
Beginning balances at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 664		$ 203,580		$ (199,115)	$ 5,129
Beginning balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	66,405
Funds received from sale of DSPP units and shares	$ 115		5,521			5,636
Funds received from sale of DSPP units and shares (in Shares)	11,486
Value of bonds converted to shares		[1]	2			2
Value of bonds converted to shares (in Shares)	5
Bond interest paid in shares	$ 4		323			327
Bond interest paid in shares (in Shares)	422
Funds received from option exercises	$ 1					1
Funds received from option exercises (in Shares)	53
Value of options granted to employees, directors and others as non-cash compensation			40			40
Net loss					(3,483)	(3,483)
Ending balances at Jun. 30, 2019	$ 784		209,466		(202,598)	7,652
Ending balances (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2019	78,371
Beginning balances at Mar. 31, 2019	$ 711		206,077		(201,285)	5,503
Beginning balances (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2019	71,066
Funds received from sale of DSPP units and shares	$ 69		3,039			3,108
Funds received from sale of DSPP units and shares (in Shares)	6,878
Value of bonds converted to shares		[1]	2			2
Value of bonds converted to shares (in Shares)	5
Bond interest paid in shares	$ 4		323			327
Bond interest paid in shares (in Shares)	422
Value of options granted to employees, directors and others as non-cash compensation			25			25
Net loss					(1,313)	(1,313)
Ending balances at Jun. 30, 2019	$ 784		209,466		(202,598)	7,652
Ending balances (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2019	78,371
Beginning balances at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 1,240		217,892		(205,808)	13,324
Beginning balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2019	123,973
Funds received from sale of DSPP units and shares	$ 537		11,965			12,502
Funds received from sale of DSPP units and shares (in Shares)	53,765
Value of bonds converted to shares		[1]
Value of bonds converted to shares (in Shares)	1
Bond interest paid in shares	$ 18		307			325
Bond interest paid in shares (in Shares)	1,782
Funds received from option exercises	$ 4					4
Funds received from option exercises (in Shares)	388
Value of options granted to employees, directors and others as non-cash compensation			56			56
Net loss					(3,532)	(3,532)
Ending balances at Jun. 30, 2020	$ 1,799		230,220		(209,340)	22,679
Ending balances (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2020	179,909
Beginning balances at Mar. 31, 2020	$ 1,647		226,654		(207,416)	20,885
Beginning balances (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2020	164,691
Funds received from sale of DSPP units and shares	$ 134		3,259			3,393
Funds received from sale of DSPP units and shares (in Shares)	13,437
Value of bonds converted to shares		[1]		[1]			[1]
Value of bonds converted to shares (in Shares)	(1)
Bond interest paid in shares	$ 18		307			325
Bond interest paid in shares (in Shares)	1,782
Funds received from option exercises
Value of options granted to employees, directors and others as non-cash compensation
Net loss					(1,924)	(1,924)
Ending balances at Jun. 30, 2020	$ 1,799		$ 230,220		$ (209,340)	$ 22,679
Ending balances (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2020	179,909

[1] Less than one thousand.

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Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020		Jun. 30, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$ (3,532)		$ (3,483)
Adjustments required to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	26		25
Cost of options issued to employees, directors and others as non-cash compensation	56		40
Amortization of debt discount related to convertible bonds	228		189
Non-cash interest expense	101		111
Change in derivative liability	51		(82)
Impairment of unproved oil and gas properties			228
Change in assets and liabilities, net:
Other deposits	197		270
Prepaid expenses and other	81		138
Governmental receivables	16		342
Lease obligation – current	(3)		216
Lease obligation – non current	(115)		516
Right of Use Lease Assets	104		(685)
Other receivables	50		28
Severance pay	16		(3)
Accounts payable	(8)		(79)
Asset retirement obligation	(14)		(29)
Accrued liabilities	(210)		(158)
Net cash used in operating activities	(2,956)		(2,416)
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of property and equipment	(4)		(3)
Acquisition of drilling rig and related equipment	(4,609)
Investment in unproved oil and gas properties	(526)		(3,157)
Net cash used in investing activities	(5,139)		(3,160)
Cash flows from financing activities
Payments related to capital lease	(6)		(6)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	4		1
Proceeds from issuance of stock and exercise of warrants	12,502		5,636
Net cash provided by financing activities	12,500		5,631
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	4,405		55
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – beginning of period	5,935		4,125
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash – end of period	10,340		4,180
Supplemental schedule of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest	1		1
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Convertible Bond interest paid in shares	325		327
Cost of options capitalized to oil & gas properties
Unpaid investments in oil & gas properties	68		136
10% Senior Convertible Bonds converted to shares		[1]	2
Capitalized convertible bond interest attributed to oil and gas properties	$ 59		$ 38

[1] Less than one thousand

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Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income Statement [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 8,288	$ 4,845	$ 3,077	$ 2,791
Restricted cash included in fixed short-term bank deposits	2,052	1,090	1,103	1,325
Restricted cash included in fixed long-term bank deposits				9
Total	$ 10,340	$ 5,935	$ 4,180	$ 4,125

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Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Going Concern

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Going Concern

Note 1 - Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Going Concern

A. Nature of Operations

Zion Oil & Gas, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“we,” “our,” “Zion” or the “Company”) is an oil and gas exploration company with a history of 20 years of oil & gas exploration in Israel. As of June 30, 2020, the Company has no revenues from its oil and gas operations.

Zion maintains its corporate headquarters in Dallas, Texas. The Company also has branch offices in Caesarea, Israel and Geneva, Switzerland. The purpose of the Israel branch is to support the Company’s operations in Israel, and the purpose of the Switzerland branch is to operate a foreign treasury center for the Company.

On January 24, 2020, Zion incorporated a wholly owned subsidiary, Zion Drilling, Inc., a Delaware corporation, for the purpose of owning the rig and related equipment and excess inventory, and on January 31, 2020, Zion incorporated another wholly owned subsidiary, Zion Drilling Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation, to act as the contractor providing such drilling services. When Zion is not using the rig for its own exploration activities, Zion Drilling Services may contract with other operators in Israel to provide drilling services at market rates then in effect.

Zion has the trademark “ZION DRILLING” filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Zion has the trademark filed with the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva, Switzerland, pursuant to the Madrid Agreement and Protocol. In addition, Zion has the trademark filed with the Israeli Trademark Office in Israel.

Exploration Rights/Exploration Activities

The Company currently holds one active petroleum exploration license onshore Israel, the Megiddo-Jezreel License, comprising approximately 99,000 acres, which is scheduled to terminate on December 2, 2020.

The Megiddo Jezreel #1 (“MJ #1”) exploratory well was spud on June 5, 2017 and drilled to a total depth (“TD”) of 5,060 meters (approximately 16,600 feet). Thereafter, the Company successfully cased and cemented the well while awaiting the approval of the testing protocol. The Ministry of Energy approved the well testing protocol on April 29, 2018.

During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company testing protocol was concluded at the MJ#1 well. The test results confirmed that the MJ #1 well did not contain hydrocarbons in commercial quantities in the zones tested. As a result, in the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge to its unproved oil and gas properties of $30,906,000. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company did not record any post-impairment charges. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded a post-impairment charge of approximately $65,000 and $228,000, respectively.

The MJ#1 well provided Zion with information Zion believes is important for potential future exploration efforts within its license area. As with many frontier wildcat wells, the MJ#1 also left several questions unanswered.

While not meant to be an exhaustive list, a summary of what Zion believes to be key information learned in the MJ#1 well is as follows:

1.	The MJ#1 encountered much higher subsurface temperatures at a depth shallower than expected before drilling the well. In our opinion, this is significant because reaching a minimum temperature threshold is necessary for the generation of hydrocarbons from an organic-rich source rock.
2.	The known organic rich (potentially hydrocarbon bearing) Senonian age source rocks that are typically present in this part of Israel were not encountered as expected. Zion expected these source rocks to be encountered at approximately 1,000 meters in the MJ#1 well.
3.	MJ#1 had natural fractures, permeability (the ability of fluid to move through the rock) and porosity (pore space in rock) that allowed the sustained flow of formation fluid in the shallower Jurassic and lower Cretaceous age formations between approximately 1,200 and 1,800 meters. While no hydrocarbons were encountered, Zion believes this fact is nonetheless significant because it provides important information about possible reservoir pressures and the ability of fluids to move within the formation and to the surface.
4.	MJ#1 encountered oil in the Triassic Mohilla formation which Zion believes suggests an active deep petroleum system is in Zion’s license area. There was no natural permeability or porosity in the Triassic Mohilla formation to allow formation fluid to reach the surface naturally during testing and thus the MJ#1 was not producible or commercial.
5.	The depths and thickness of the formations we encountered varied greatly from pre-drill estimates. This required the MJ#1 to be drilled to a much greater depth than previously expected. Zion has tied these revised formation depths to seismic data which will allow for more accurate interpretation and mapping in the future.

A summary of what Zion believes to be some key questions left to be answered are:

1. Is the missing shallow Senonian age source rock a result of regional erosion, or is it missing because of a fault that cut the well-bore and could be reasonably expected to be encountered in the vicinity of the MJ#1 drill site? Zion believes this is an important question to answer because if the Senonian source rocks do exist in this area, the high temperatures encountered are sufficient to mature these source rocks and generate oil.

2. Do the unusually high shallow subsurface temperatures extend regionally beyond the MJ#1 well, which could allow for the generation of hydrocarbons in the Senonian age source rock within our license area?

3. As a consequence of seismic remapping, where does the MJ#1 well lie relative to the potential traps at the Jurassic and Triassic levels and was the well location too low on the structures and deeper than the potential hydrocarbons within those traps?

Zion completed all of the land compensation for the 3-D survey in November 2019. All land parcels and the kibbutz approved the completion of the geophysical survey. Subsequently, the Contractor demobilized the equipment from Israel to Europe. All field data from acquisition was delivered to Dallas, Texas and the Ministry of Energy in Israel. Additionally, the final acquisition reports from the Contractor and Zion were delivered to the Ministry of Energy in December per the guidelines enacted in July 2019. Zion has provided the Ministry of Energy a Time to Depth volume of the 3D data set along with a raw version of time stack data. Multiple velocity runs on the data set are complete and agreed upon by Zion’s geology and geophysics team.

Zion and Agile Seismic Processing Services (“ASPS”) are continuing to process and interpret the data set with state-of-the-art technologies allowing for comprehensive imaging at depth. Zion’s previous 2-D data sets have been added into the 3-D volume allowing for further verification. Zion and ASPS are completing the final version of depth domain data volumes. The final report and data set are anticipated in Q3 2020 pending any further Covid-19 delays and/or logistical issues. Our questions from the MJ#1 well are being correlated with the 3-D data set to provide potential solutions on a go forward basis. 

Zion’s in house geology and geophysics team are continuing to map the Jurassic zones within the MJ01 well location. Locations and volumetric analyses are being performed and populated into the 2020 drilling plan for the Ministry of Energy. Larger interpretation of the data set continues over the entire 3D volume with fault mapping/geological verification from MJ01 well log data. The paleo data from MJ01 core samples are being reviewed as well.

The MJ02 drilling plan was submitted to the Ministry of Energy on April 11, 2020 for review and approval. On July 29, 2020, the Ministry of Energy approved our MJ02 drilling plan.

Megiddo-Jezreel Petroleum License, No. 401 (“MJL”)

The Megiddo-Jezreel License (No. 401) was awarded on December 3, 2013 for a three-year primary term through December 2, 2016 with the possibility of additional one-year extensions up to a maximum of seven years. The current scheduled date of termination is December 2, 2020. The Megiddo-Jezreel License lies onshore, south and west of the Sea of Galilee and we continue our exploration focus here as it appears to possess the key geologic ingredients of an active petroleum system with significant exploration potential.

On January 31, 2019, Zion submitted its Application for Extension of Continued Work Program Due Date on the Megiddo-Jezreel License No. 401.  The additional time was necessary to finalize the work program. On February 3, 2019 Israel’s Petroleum Commissioner granted Zion’s work program report extension to February 28, 2019, as shown below:

Number	Activity Description	Execution by:
1	Submit program for continuation of work under license	28 February 2019

On February 24, 2019 and thereafter on February 26, 2019 Zion submitted its proposed 2019 Work Program on the Megiddo-Jezreel License No. 401. 

On February 28, 2019 Israel’s Petroleum Commissioner officially approved the revised and updated Work Program on the Megiddo-Jezreel License No. 401 as shown below:

Number	Activity description	Execution by:
1	Submission of seismic survey plan to the Commissioner and execution of an agreement with a contractor to perform	30 April 2019
2	Commence 3D seismic survey in an area of approximately 50 square kilometers	1 August 2019
3	Transfer of field material configuration and processed material to the Ministry pursuant to Ministry guidelines	15 December 2019
4	Submit interpretation report	20 February 2020

On April 30, 2019 Zion submitted its Application for Extension of Continued Work Program Due Date on the Megiddo-Jezreel License No. 401. The additional time was necessary for Zion to conduct a 3D survey in an area of approximately 72 square kilometers. This required, among others, extensive permitting activities with relevant local landowners, the ILA, certain authorities and others, and the seismic survey area may not conclude prior to the beginning of the rainy season in Israel. This in turn would result in additional delay, as rain and mud are not conducive to the performance of a seismic survey which includes extensive use of vibrators.

Zion’s proposed new timelines and activity descriptions are shown below:

Number	Activity description	Execution by:
1	Submission of seismic survey plan to the Commissioner and execution of an agreement with a contractor to perform	30 November 2019
2	Commence 3D seismic survey in an area of approximately 72 square kilometers	1 April 2020
3	Transfer of field material configuration and processed material to the Ministry pursuant to Ministry guidelines	15 August 2020
4	Submit interpretation report	15 November, 2020

On May 1, 2019, Israel’s Petroleum Commissioner granted Zion’s work program report extension.

As previously disclosed, the Company required authorization from the ILA, the formal lessor of the land to Kibbutz Sde Eliyahu, on whose property the drilling pad is currently situated, to access and utilize the drill site (“surface use agreement”). The Company received this authorization on July 4, 2016. This was preceded by the Company’s May 15, 2016 signed agreement with the kibbutz. On January 11, 2017, an agreement was signed by the Company and the ILA by which the surface usage agreement was extended through December 3, 2017. On December 31, 2017, an agreement was signed by the Company and the ILA by which the surface usage agreement was extended through December 3, 2019. On July 1, 2019, an agreement was signed by the Company and the ILA by which the surface usage agreement was extended through December 3, 2020.

B. Basis of Presentation 

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated condensed financial statements of Zion Oil & Gas, Inc. have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with Article 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring accruals necessary for a fair statement of financial position, results of operations and cash flows, have been included. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The year-end balance sheet data presented for comparative purposes was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the year ending December 31, 2020 or for any other subsequent interim period.

C. Going Concern  

The Company incurs cash outflows from operations, and all exploration activities and overhead expenses to date have been financed by way of equity or debt financing. The recoverability of the costs incurred to date is uncertain and dependent upon achieving significant commercial production. 

The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining the necessary financing to undertake further exploration and development activities and ultimately generating profitable operations from its oil and natural gas interests in the future. The Company’s current operations are dependent upon the adequacy of its current assets to meet its current expenditure requirements and the accuracy of management’s estimates of those requirements. Should those estimates be materially incorrect, the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern may be impaired. The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the ordinary course of business. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company incurred a net loss of approximately $3.53 million and had an accumulated deficit of approximately $209.3 million. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

To carry out planned operations, the Company must raise additional funds through additional equity and/or debt issuances or through profitable operations. There can be no assurance that this capital or positive operational income will be available to the Company, and if it is not, the Company may be forced to curtail or cease exploration and development activities. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. 

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

A. Net Gain (Loss) per Share Data 

Basic and diluted net (loss) gain per share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), is presented in conformity with ASC 260-10 “Earnings Per Share.” Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share, as the inclusion of 10,529,736 and 10,589,366 and 9,621,083 and 9,644,820 Common Stock equivalents in the three and six-month period ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 respectively, would be anti-dilutive.

B. Use of Estimates 

The preparation of the accompanying financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of unproved oil and gas properties, deferred tax assets, asset retirement obligations and legal contingencies. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Illiquid credit markets, volatile equity, foreign currency, and energy markets have combined to increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.

C. Oil and Gas Properties and Impairment

The Company follows the full-cost method of accounting for oil and gas properties. Accordingly, all costs associated with acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas reserves, including directly related overhead costs, are capitalized.

All capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, including the estimated future costs to develop proved reserves, are amortized on the unit-of-production method using estimates of proved reserves. Investments in unproved properties and major development projects are not amortized until proved reserves associated with the projects can be determined or until impairment occurs. If the results of an assessment indicate that the properties are impaired, the amount of the impairment is included in loss from continuing operations before income taxes, and the adjusted carrying amount of the proved properties is amortized on the unit-of-production method.

The Company’s oil and gas property represents an investment in unproved properties. These costs are excluded from the amortized cost pool until proved reserves are found or until it is determined that the costs are impaired. All costs excluded are reviewed at least quarterly to determine if impairment has occurred. The amount of any impairment is charged to expense since a reserve base has not yet been established. Impairment requiring a charge to expense may be indicated through evaluation of drilling results, relinquishing drilling rights or other information.

During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company testing protocol was concluded at the Megiddo Jezreel #1 (“MJ #1”) well. The test results confirmed that the MJ #1 well did not contain hydrocarbons in commercial quantities in the zones tested. As a result of the above determination, in the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge to its unproved oil and gas properties of $30,906,000. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company did not record any post-impairment charges. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded a post-impairment charge of approximately $65,000 and $228,000, respectively (see Note 4).

Currently, the Company has no economically recoverable reserves and no amortization base. The Company’s unproved oil and gas properties consist of capitalized exploration costs of $11,286,000 and $10,637,000 as of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively.

D. Fair Value Measurements 

The Company follows Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” as amended by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Financial Staff Position (FSP) No. 157 and related guidance. Those provisions relate to the Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value and the fair value disclosures related to financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value, expands related disclosure requirements, and specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on the nature of the inputs used to develop the fair value measures. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, assuming the transaction occurs in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability.

The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires the Company to use observable inputs when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs, when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows:

● Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted market prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;

● Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly in the marketplace for identical or similar assets and liabilities; and

● Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions.

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, are carried at historical cost. At June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the carrying amounts of these instruments approximated their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Derivative instruments are carried at fair value, generally estimated using the Binomial Model. 

E. Derivative Liabilities 

In accordance with ASC 815-40-25 and ASC 815-10-15 Derivatives and Hedging and ASC 480-10-25 Liabilities-Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the embedded derivatives associated with the Convertible Bonds are accounted for as a liability during the term of the related Convertible Bonds (see Note 6).

F. Stock-Based Compensation 

ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” prescribes accounting and reporting standards for all share-based payment transactions in which employee services are acquired. Transactions include incurring liabilities, or issuing or offering to issue shares, options, and other equity instruments such as employee stock ownership plans and stock appreciation rights. Share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, are recognized as compensation expense in the financial statements based on their fair values. That expense is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award, known as the requisite service period (usually the vesting period).

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation issued to non-employees and consultants in accordance with the provisions of ASC 505-50, “Equity – Based Payments to Non-Employees.” Measurement of share-based payment transactions with non-employees is based on the fair value of whichever is more reliably measurable: (a) the goods or services received; or (b) the equity instruments issued. The fair value of the share-based payment transaction is determined at the earlier of performance commitment date or performance completion date.

G. Warrants 

In connection with the Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (“DSPP”) financing arrangements, the Company has issued warrants to purchase shares of its common stock. The outstanding warrants are standalone instruments that are not puttable or mandatorily redeemable by the holder and are classified as equity awards. The Company measures the fair value of the awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model as of the measurement date. Warrants issued in conjunction with the issuance of common stock are initially recorded and accounted as a part of the DSPP investment as additional paid-in capital of the common stock issued. All other warrants are recorded at fair value and expensed over the requisite service period or at the date of issuance, if there is not a service period. Warrants granted in connection with ongoing arrangements are more fully described in Note 3, Stockholders’ Equity.

H. Related parties 

Parties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. All transactions with related parties are recorded at fair value of the goods or services exchanged. Zion did not have any related party transactions for the periods covered in this report, with the exception of recurring monthly consulting fees paid to certain management personnel.

I. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements  

ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2018-01 – Leases (Topic 842)

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”) in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. Zion adopted ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019. Presently, Zion has operating leases for office space in Dallas, Texas and in Caesarea, Israel plus various leases for motor vehicles. These leases have been accounted for under ASU 2016-02 in 2019 and 2020 by establishing a right-of-use asset and a corresponding current lease liability and non-current lease liability. Zion is not subject to any loan covenants and therefore, the increase in assets and liabilities does not have a material impact on its business.

In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, “Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842.”

The amendments in this Update provide an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate under Topic 842 existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under Topic 840, Leases. An entity that elects this practical expedient should evaluate new or modified land easements under Topic 842 beginning at the date that the entity adopts Topic 842. An entity that does not elect this practical expedient should evaluate all existing or expired land easements in connection with the adoption of the new lease requirements in Topic 842 to assess whether they meet the definition of a lease. The Company does not have any land easements and believes that this ASU 2018-01 has no effect on the Company.

ASU 2018-07

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees by aligning it with the accounting for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2018-07 did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-08 – Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)

In August 2016, the FASB issued AS 2016-15, “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”, which clarifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The effective date for ASU 2016-15 is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-15 on our financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) (“ASU 2016-18”), which requires that restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total cash amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The effective date for ASU 2016-18 is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted ASU 2016-18 effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 had no impact on our retained earnings, and no impact to our net income on an ongoing basis. Adoption of the new standard requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and amounts generally described as restricted cash, or restricted cash equivalents. The amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statements of cash flows. The amendments have been applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented, as required.

ASU 2018-05 – Income Taxes (Topic 740)

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05, “Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118”. This ASU expresses the view of the staff regarding application of Topic 740, Income Taxes, in the reporting period that includes December 22, 2017, the date on which the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R.1, An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018) was signed into law. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2018-05 on our financial statements.  

The Company does not believe that the adoption of any recently issued accounting pronouncements in 2020 had a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flow, except for ASC Update No. 2016-02—Leases, which requires organizations to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019. See Note 7 for more complete details on balances at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019. 

J. Depreciation and Accounting for Drilling Rig and Inventory 

On March 12, 2020, Zion entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Central European Drilling kft, a Hungarian corporation, to purchase an onshore oil and gas drilling rig, drilling pipe, related equipment and excess inventory for a purchase price of $5.6 million in cash, subject to acceptance testing and potential downward adjustment. We remitted to the Seller $250,000 on February 6, 2020 as earnest money towards the purchase price. The Closing anticipated by the Agreement also took place on March 12, 2020 by the Seller’s execution and delivery of a Bill of Sale to us. On March 13, 2020, the Seller retained the earnest money deposit, and the Company remitted $4,350,000 to the seller towards the purchase price and $1,000,000 (the “Holdback Amount”) was deposited in escrow with American Stock Transfer and Trust Company LLC, as escrow agent, through October 1, 2020, or as extended by mutual agreement of the parties, pending a determination, if any, by us of any operating deficiency in the drilling rig. Should we determine in our sole opinion that the drilling rig is not in satisfactory operating condition, then upon notice to the Seller, we and the Seller shall jointly determine if the operating deficiencies identified by us existed prior to the closing of the transaction. If it is determined that these deficiencies existed prior to the closing, then the Seller will undertake to cure the deficiencies within a reasonable time period. If the Seller is unable or unwilling to cure the deficiencies within the time period agrees to between the parties, we may solicit third party bids to repair the deficiencies and the cost thereof shall be paid out of the Holdback Amount.

The Drilling Rig will be imported into Israel from Romania, where the Drilling Rig is currently stored. The State of Israel has imposed travel restrictions relating to the Coronavirus outbreak, including a requirement that any person arriving into Israel, including the operating crew for the Drilling Rig, will need to undergo a two week quarantine. In addition, the ports of entry into Israel through which the Drilling rig will need to enter, may be undergoing work disruptions on account of the virus outbreak. Accordingly, it is not possible at the present time to accurately estimate the time or resources that may be necessary to import the Drilling Rig onto the well site or any delay arising as a consequence of the outbreak.

Since the rig was purchased and closed during March 2020, it is sound accounting practice for this purchase to be recorded on Zion’s books as a long term fixed asset. The full purchase price of the drilling rig was $5.6 million, inclusive of approximately $900,000 in spare parts inventory (“spare parts” or “inventory”). The value of the inventory is contained inside the drilling rig and inventory account on the balance sheet and not broken out separately. However, only $4,600,000 of the purchase price is charged to the drilling rig and inventory account. The remaining $1,000,000 represents funds held in escrow until the rig undergoes acceptance testing in Israel. This $1,000,000 is presently on our books as a fixed short term escrow deposit as of June 30, 2020 and we’ve confirmed this balance with the escrow agent. 

The Seller further agreed to allow the Buyer to store the drilling rig on its premises, at Buyer’s risk of loss, at no charge until April 30, 2020. However, due to COVID and worldwide logistical issues, the Seller has agreed to not charge the Buyer any rental fees ($1,500/month) as of June 30, 2020.

In accordance with GAAP accounting rules, per the matching principle, monthly depreciation will be recorded beginning in the month that the asset is “placed in service.” The expectation at this point in time is that this date would be sometime in Q3 2020 (however, this is subject to change given the coronavirus pandemic and other logistical factors). Due to the high quality of the I-35 drilling rig (the rig Zion purchased), we believe that the useful life is 10 years. Furthermore, we believe that straight-line depreciation is the best GAAP accounting method that most appropriately reflects the matching principle.

As mentioned previously, there is approximately $900,000 worth of consumable inventory included in the rig purchase. When the drilling rig and inventory items arrive at the Israeli port or perhaps later at the well site, it is expected that there will be a verification/count of the inventory. Any such physical documentation of such count(s) will be obtained and saved in our files. Zion will also plan to obtain a physical count of the inventory at the end of each quarter, or as close to such date as practical, in accordance with our normal inventory procedures.

Zion will use the First In First Out (“FIFO”) method of accounting for the inventory, meaning that the earliest items purchased will be the first item charged to the well in which the inventory gets consumed.

Zion expects the useful life of the rig to be 10 years. The depreciation method used will be straight line. It is also noteworthy that various components and systems on the rig will be subject to certifications by the manufacturer to ensure that the rig is maintained at optimal levels. Per standard practice in upstream oil and gas, each certification performed on our drilling rig increases the useful life of the rig by five years. The costs of each certification will be added to the drilling rig account and our straight-line amortization will be adjusted accordingly.

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Stockholders' Equity

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Note 3 - Stockholders’ Equity

The Company’s shareholders approved to amend the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of shares of common stock, par value $0.01, that the Company is authorized to issue from 200,000,000 shares to 400,000,000 shares, effective June 11, 2020.

A. 2011 Equity Incentive Stock Option Plan

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company granted the following options from the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan for employees, directors and consultants, to purchase as non-cash compensation (the exercise of penny stock options is taxable at full market value on the date of exercise):

i. Options to purchase 110,000 shares of Common Stock to five senior officers at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The options vested upon grant and are exercisable through January 6, 2030. The fair value of the options at the date of grant amounted to approximately $57,000.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company granted the following options from the 2011 Equity Incentive Plan for employees, directors and consultants, to purchase as non-cash compensation (the exercise of penny stock options are taxable on the date of exercise):

i.

Options to purchase 25,000 shares of Common Stock to one senior officer at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The options vested upon grant and are exercisable through January 6, 2029. The fair value of the options at the date of grant amounted to approximately $10,000.

i.

Options to purchase 100,000 shares of Common Stock to one senior officer at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The options are exercisable through May 1, 2029. However, the vesting and exercisability of these options is subject to the following schedule: (a) 50,000 options vest on September 1, 2019 and (b) the remaining 50,000 options vest on January 1, 2020. The fair value of the options at the date of grant amounted to $55,000.

B. 2011 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, the Company did not grant any qualified (market value) options from the 2011 Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan to its directors.

C. Stock Options

The stock option transactions since January 1, 2020 are shown in the table below:

	Number of shares			Weighted Average exercise price
				US$
Outstanding, December 31, 2019		5,195,250			1.12
Changes during 2020 to:
Granted to employees, officers, directors and others *		110,000			0.01
Expired/Cancelled/Forfeited		(415,000	)		1.74
Exercised		(387,500	)		0.01
Outstanding, June 30, 2020		4,502,750			1.13
Exercisable, June 30, 2020		4,502,750			1.13

* The receipt of a stock option grant by the grantee recipient is a non-taxable event according to the Internal Revenue Service. The grantee who later chooses to exercise penny stock options must recognize the market value in income in the year of exercise.

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of June 30, 2020:

Shares underlying outstanding options (non-vested)								Shares underlying outstanding options (fully vested)
Range of exercise price		Number outstanding		Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)		Weighted Average Exercise price		Range of exercise price		Number Outstanding		Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)		Weighted Average Exercise price
US$						US$		US$						US$
	—		—		—		—		0.01		10,000		3.37		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		5,000		3.95		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		20,000		5.92		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		130,000		6.50		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		60,000		6.79		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		40,000		7.25		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		97,500		7.50		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		25,000		7.51		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		30,000		7.66		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		6,000		7.76		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		25,000		8.52		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		50,000		8.83		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		95,000		9.00		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		10,000		9.17		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		205,000		9.21		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		435,000		9.38		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		85,000		9.51		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.16		340,000		5.44		0.16
	—		—		—		—		0.16		150,000		9.44		0.16
	—		—		—		—		0.18		25,000		5.42		0.18
	—		—		—		—		0.28		25,000		5.17		0.28
	—		—		—		—		0.28		25,000		9.17		0.28
	—		—		—		—		1.33		25,000		2.83		1.33
	—		—		—		—		1.38		108,000		0.51		1.38
	—		—		—		—		1.38		105,307		4.51		1.38
	—		—		—		—		1.55		300,000		1.93		1.55
	—		—		—		—		1.67		300,000		0.25		1.67
	—		—		—		—		1.67		405,943		4.26		1.67
	—		—		—		—		1.70		218,500		2.47		1.70
	—		—		—		—		1.75		300,000		3.02		1.75
	—		—		—		—		1.78		25,000		4.18		1.78
	—		—		—		—		2.03		25,000		0.84		2.03
	—		—		—		—		2.31		300,000		3.51		2.31
									2.61		471,500		1.43		2.61
	—		—		—		—		4.15		25,000		4.01		4.15
									0.01-4.15		4,502,750				1.13

Granted to employees

The following table sets forth information about the weighted-average fair value of options granted to employees and directors during the year, using the Black Scholes option-pricing model and the weighted-average assumptions used for such grants:

	For the six months ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Weighted-average fair value of underlying stock at grant date	$	0.52		$	0.53
Dividend yields		—			—
Expected volatility		103	%		87%-88	%
Risk-free interest rates		1.61	%		2.31%-2.53	%
Expected lives (in years)		5.00			5.00-5.34
Weighted-average grant date fair value	$	0.51		$	0.52

Granted to non-employees

The following table sets forth information about the weighted-average fair value of options granted to non-employees during the year, using the Black Scholes option-pricing model and the weighted-average assumptions used for such grants:

	For the six months ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Weighted-average fair value of underlying stock at grant date	$	—	$	—
Dividend yields		—		—
Expected volatility		—		—
Risk-free interest rates		—		—
Expected lives (in years)		—		—
Weighted-average grant date fair value	$	—	$	—

The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected life of the options.

The expected life represents the weighted average period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected life of the options granted to employees and directors is calculated based on the Simplified Method as allowed under Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 110 (“SAB 110”), giving consideration to the contractual term of the options and their vesting schedules, as the Company does not have sufficient historical exercise data at this time. The expected life of the option granted to non-employees equals their contractual term. In the case of an extension of the option life, the calculation was made on the basis of the extended life.

D. Compensation Cost for Warrant and Option Issuances

The following table sets forth information about the compensation cost of warrant and option issuances recognized for employees and directors:

For the three months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		25

For the six months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	56		40

The following table sets forth information about the compensation cost of warrant and option issuances recognized for non-employees:

For the three months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		—

For the six months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		—

The following table sets forth information about the compensation cost of option issuances recognized for employees and non-employees and capitalized to Unproved Oil & Gas properties:

For the three months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		—

For the six months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		—

E. Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (“DSPP”)

On March 27, 2014, we launched our Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (the “DSPP”) pursuant to which stockholders and interested investors can purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock as well as units of the Company’s securities directly from the Company. The terms of the DSPP are described in the Prospectus Supplement originally filed on March 31, 2014 (the “Original Prospectus Supplement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Company’s effective registration Statement on Form S-3, as thereafter amended.

On January 13, 2015, the Company amended the Original Prospectus Supplement (“Amendment No. 3”) to provide for a unit option (the “Unit Option”) under the DSPP comprised of one share of Common Stock and three Common Stock purchase warrants with each unit priced at $4.00. Each warrant afforded the participant the opportunity to purchase the Company’s Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $1.00. Each of the three warrants series has different expiration dates that have been extended.

The ZNWAB warrants first became exercisable on May 2, 2016 and, in the case of ZNWAC on May 2, 2017 and in the case of ZNWAD on May 2, 2018, at a per share exercise price of $1.00.

As of May 2, 2017, any outstanding ZNWAB warrants expired.

As of May 2, 2018, any outstanding ZNWAC warrants expired.

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAD Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of May 2, 2020 to May 2, 2021. Zion considers this warrant as permanent equity per ASC 815-40-35-2. As such, there is no value assigned to this extension.

On November 1, 2016, the Company launched a unit offering (the “Unit Program”) under the Company’s DSPP pursuant to which participants could purchase units comprised of seven shares of Common Stock and seven Common Stock purchase warrants, at a per unit purchase price of $10. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAE.”

The ZNWAE warrants became exercisable on May 1, 2017 and continue to be exercisable through May 1, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $1.00.

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAE Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of May 1, 2020 to May 1, 2021. Zion considers this warrant as permanent equity per ASC 815-40-35-2. As such, there is no value assigned to this extension.

The warrant terms provide that if the Company’s Common Stock trades above $5.00 per share at the closing price for 15 consecutive trading days at any time prior to the expiration date of the warrant, the Company may, in its sole discretion, accelerate the termination of the warrant upon providing 60 days advanced notice to the warrant holders.

On February 23, 2017, the Company filed a Form S-3 with the SEC (Registration No. 333-216191) as a replacement for the Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-193336), for which the three year period ended March 31, 2017, along with the base Prospectus and Supplemental Prospectus. The Form S-3, as amended, and the new base Prospectus became effective on March 10, 2017, along with the Prospectus Supplement that was filed and became effective on March 10, 2017. The Prospectus Supplement under Registration No. 333-216191 describes the terms of the DSPP and replaces the prior Prospectus Supplement, as amended, under the prior Registration No. 333-193336.

On May 22, 2017, the Company launched a new unit offering (the “New Unit Program”). The New Unit Program consisted of a new combination of common stock and warrants, a new time period in which to purchase under the program, and a new unit price, but otherwise the same unit program features, conditions and terms in the Prospectus Supplement applied. The New Unit Program terminated on July 12, 2017. This New Unit Program enabled participants to purchase Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) the number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing $250.00 (the price of one Unit) by the average of the high and low sale prices of the Company’s Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ on the unit purchase date and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional 25 shares of Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $1.00 per share. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAF.”

All ZNWAF warrants became exercisable on August 14, 2017 and continue to be exercisable through August 14, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $1.00.

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAF Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of August 14, 2020 to August 14, 2021. Zion considers this warrant as permanent equity per ASC 815-40-35-2. As such, there is no value assigned to this extension.

The warrant terms provide that if the Company’s Common Stock trades above $5.00 per share as the closing price for 15 consecutive trading days at any time prior to the expiration date of the warrant, the Company has the sole discretion to accelerate the termination date of the warrant upon providing 60 days advanced notice to the warrant holders.

An Amendment No. 2 to the Prospectus Supplement (as described below) was filed on October 12, 2017.

Under Amendment No. 2, the Company initiated another Unit Option Program which terminated on December 6, 2017. This Unit Option Program enabled participants to purchase Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) a certain number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing $250.00 (the price of one Unit) by the average of the high and low sale prices of the Company’s Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ on the unit purchase date and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional 15 shares of Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $1.00 per share. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAG.”

The warrants became exercisable on January 8, 2018 and continue to be exercisable through January 8, 2021 at a per share exercise price of $1.00. The warrant terms provide that if the Company’s Common Stock trades above $5.00 per share as the closing price for 15 consecutive trading days at any time prior to the expiration date of the warrant, the Company has the sole discretion to accelerate the termination date of the warrant upon providing 60 days advanced notice to the warrant holders.

On February 1, 2018, the Company launched another Unit Option Program which terminated on February 28, 2018. The Unit Option consisted of Units of our securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) 50 shares of Common Stock and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional 50 shares of Common Stock. The investor’s Plan account was credited with the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock acquired under the Units purchased. Each warrant affords the investor the opportunity to purchase one share of Company Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $5.00. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAH.”

The warrants became exercisable on April 2, 2018 and continue to be exercisable through April 2, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $5.00, after the Company, on December 4, 2018, extended the termination date of the Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of April 2, 2019 to April 2, 2020.

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAH Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of April 2, 2020 to April 2, 2021. Zion considers this warrant as permanent equity per ASC 815-40-35-2. As such, there is no value assigned to this extension.

On August 21, 2018, the Company initiated another Unit Option Program, and it terminated on September 26, 2018. The Unit Option Program consisted of Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) a certain number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing $250.00 (the price of one Unit) by the average of the high and low sale prices of the Company’s publicly traded common stock as reported on the NASDAQ on the Unit Purchase Date and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional twenty-five (25) shares of Common Stock. The investor’s Plan account was credited with the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock acquired under the Units purchased. Each warrant affords the investor the opportunity to purchase one share of Company Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $1.00. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAJ.”

The warrants became exercisable on October 29, 2018 and continue to be exercisable through October 29, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $1.00, after the Company, on December 4, 2018, extended the termination date of the Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of October 29, 2019 to October 29, 2020.

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAJ Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of October 29, 2020 to October 29, 2021. Zion considers this warrant as permanent equity per ASC 815-40-35-2. As such, there is no value assigned to this extension.

On December 10, 2018, the Company initiated another Unit Option Program, and it terminated on January 23, 2019. The Unit Option Program consisted of Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) is comprised of (i) two hundred and fifty (250) shares of Common Stock and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional two hundred and fifty (250) shares of Common Stock at a per share exercise price of $0.01. The investor’s Plan account was credited with the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock and Warrants that are acquired under the Units purchased. Each warrant affords the participant the opportunity to purchase one share of our Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $0.01. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAK.”

The warrants became exercisable on February 25, 2019 and continue to be exercisable through February 25, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $0.01.

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAK Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of February 25, 2020 to February 25, 2021. Zion considers this warrant as permanent equity per ASC 815-40-35-2. As such, there is no value assigned to this extension.

On April 24, 2019, the Company’s most recent Unit Option Program began and it terminated on June 26, 2019, after the Company, on June 5, 2019, extended the termination date of the Unit Option Program.

The Unit Option Program consisted of Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) two hundred and fifty (250) shares of Common Stock and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional fifty (50) shares of Common Stock at a per share exercise price of $2.00. The investor’s Plan account was credited with the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock and Warrants acquired under the Units purchased. For Plan participants who enrolled into the Unit Program with the purchase of at least one Unit and also enrolled in the separate Automatic Monthly Investments (“AMI”) program at a minimum of $50.00 per month or more, received an additional twenty-five (25) warrants at an exercise price of $2.00 during this Unit Option Program. The twenty-five (25) additional warrants were for enrolling into the AMI program. Existing subscribers to the AMI were entitled to the additional twenty-five (25) warrants once, if they purchased at least one (1) unit during the Unit program. Each warrant affords the participant the opportunity to purchase one share of our Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $2.00. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAL.”

The warrants became exercisable on August 26, 2019 and continue to be exercisable through August 26, 2021 at a per share exercise price of $2.00.

On December 9, 2019 Zion filed an Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-235299) solely for the purpose of re-filing a revised Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement. This Amendment No. 1 does not modify any provision of the prospectus that forms a part of the Registration Statement and accordingly, such prospectus has not been included herein.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, approximately $3,393,000, and $12,502,000 were raised under the DSPP program, respectively.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, approximately $3,108,000, and $5,636,000 were raised under the DSPP program, respectively.

The company raised approximately $6,400,000 from the period July 1, 2020 through August 7, 2020, under the DSPP program.

The warrants represented by the ticker ZNWAA are tradeable on the Nasdaq market. However, all of the other warrants characterized above, in the table below, and throughout this Form 10-K, are not tradeable and are used internally for classification and accounting purposes only.

F. Subscription Rights Offering 

On April 2, 2018 the Company announced an offering (“2018 Subscription Rights Offering”) through American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (the “Subscription Agent”), at no cost to the shareholders, of non-transferable Subscription Rights (each “Right” and collectively, the “Rights”) to purchase its securities to persons who owned shares of our Common Stock on April 13, 2018 (“the Record Date”). Pursuant to the 2018 Subscription Rights Offering, each holder of shares of common stock on the Record Date received non-transferable Subscription Rights, with each Right comprised of one share of the Company Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”) and one Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase an additional one share of Common Stock. Each Right could be exercised or subscribed at a per Right subscription price of $5.00. Each Warrant affords the investor the opportunity to purchase one share of the Company Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $3.00. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAI.”

The warrants became exercisable on June 29, 2018 and continue to be exercisable through June 29, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $3.00, after the Company, on December 4, 2018, extended the termination date of the Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of June 29, 2019 to June 29, 2020.

On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAI Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of June 29, 2020 to June 29, 2021.

Each shareholder received .10 (one tenth) of a Subscription Right (i.e. one Subscription Right for each 10 shares owned) for each share of the Company’s Common Stock owned on the Record Date.

The 2018 Subscription Rights Offering terminated on May 31, 2018. The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $3,038,000, from the subscription of Rights, after deducting fees and expenses of $243,000 incurred in connection with the rights offering.

G. Warrants Extended 

On December 4, 2018, the Company executed an Amendment to certain Warrant Agent Agreements (the “Agreements”) between the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company (“AST”).  The Company has implemented Agreements with AST as the Company’s Warrant Agent (the “Warrant Agent”), under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated February 2, 2015 for the Warrant ZNWAD, under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated February 1, 2018 for the Warrant ZNWAH, under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated April 2, 2018 for the Warrant ZNWAI and under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated August 21, 2018 for the Warrant ZNWAJ.

The Warrant ZNWAD had an expiration date of May 2, 2019, the Warrant ZNWAH had an expiration date of April 19, 2019, the Warrant ZNWAI had an expiration date of June 29, 2019 and the Warrant ZNWAJ had an expiration date of October 29, 2019.

Pursuant to Section 3.2 of the Warrant Agent Agreements, the Company in its sole discretion extended the termination date of the above Warrants by delaying the Expiration Dates and such extension shall be identical in duration among all of the Warrants. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAD by one (1) year from the expiration date of May 2, 2019 to May 2, 2020. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAH by one (1) year from the expiration date of April 19, 2019 to April 19, 2020. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAI by one (1) year from the expiration date of June 29, 2019 to June 29, 2020. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAJ by one (1) year from the expiration date of October 29, 2019 to October 29, 2020.

On May 29, 2019, the Company executed an Amendment to certain Warrant Agent Agreements (the “Agreements”) between the Company and American Stock Transfer& Trust Company, (“AST”).  The Company has implemented Agreements with AST as the Company’s Warrant Agent (the “Warrant Agent”), under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated August 1, 2014 for the Warrant ZNWAA, under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated November 1, 2016 for the Warrant ZNWAE, under a Warrant Agent Agreement dated May 22, 2017 for the Warrant ZNWAF, and under the Warrant Agent Agreement dated December 7, 2018 for the warrant ZNWAK.

The Warrant ZNWAA had an expiration date of January 31, 2020, Warrant ZNWAD had an has an expiration date of May 2, 2020, Warrant ZNWAE had an expiration date of May 1, 2020, Warrant ZNWAF had an expiration date of August 14, 2020, Warrant ZNWAH had an expiration date of April 19, 2020, Warrant ZNWAI had an expiration date of June 29, 2020, Warrant ZNWAJ had an expiration date of October 29, 2020 and the Warrant ZNWAK had an expiration date of February 25, 2020.

Pursuant to Section 3.2 of the Warrant Agent Agreements, on May 29, 2019, the Company in its sole discretion extended the duration of the above Warrants by delaying the Expiration Dates and such extension shall be identical in duration among all of the Warrants. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAA by one (1) year from the expiration date of January 31, 2020 to January 31, 2021. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAD by one (1) year from the expiration date of May 2, 2020 to May 2, 2021. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAE by one (1) year from the expiration date of May 1, 2020 to May 1, 2021. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAF by one (1) year from the expiration date of August 14, 2020 to August 14, 2021.The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAH by one (1) year from the expiration date of April 19, 2020 to April 19, 2021. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAI by one (1) year from the expiration date of June 29, 2020 to June 29, 2021. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAJ by one (1) year from the expiration date of October 29, 2020 to October 29, 2021. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAK by one (1) year from the expiration date of February 25, 2020 to February 25, 2021.

H. Warrant Table 

The warrants balances at December 31, 2019 and transactions since January 1, 2020 are shown in the table below:

Warrants	Exercise Price		Warrant Termination Date	Outstanding Balance, 12/31/2019		Warrants Issued		Warrants Exercised			Warrants Expired		Outstanding Balance, 06/30/2020
ZNWAA	$	2.00	01/31/2021		1,498,804		-		-			-		1,498,804
ZNWAD	$	1.00	05/02/2021		243,853		-		-			-		243,853
ZNWAE	$	1.00	05/02/2021		2,144,470		-		(371	)		-		2,144,099
ZNWAF	$	1.00	08/14/2021		359,585		-		-			-		359,585
ZNWAG	$	1.00	01/08/2021		240,578		-		-			-		240,578
ZNWAH	$	5.00	04/19/2021		372,400		-		-			-		372,400
ZNWAI	$	3.00	06/29/2021		640,730		-		-			-		640,730
ZNWAJ	$	1.00	10/29/2021		546,000		-		-			-		546,000
ZNWAK	$	0.01	02/25/2021		457,725		-		(7,300	)		-		450,425
ZNWAL	$	2.00	08/26/2021		517,925		-		(50	)		-		517,875
Outstanding warrants					7,022,070		-		(7,721	)		-		7,014,349

I. Warrant Descriptions 

The price and the expiration dates for the series of warrants to investors are as follows * :

		Period of Grant		US$		Expiration Date
ZNWAA Warrants	B		March 2013 – December 2014		2.00	January 31, 2021
ZNWAD Warrants	A,B		January 2015 – March 2016		1.00	May 02, 2021
ZNWAE Warrants	B		November 2016 – March 2017		1.00	May 01, 2021
ZNWAF Warrants	A,B		May 2017 – July 2017		1.00	August 14, 2021
ZNWAG Warrants			October 2017 – December 2017		1.00	January 08, 2021
ZNWAH Warrants	A,B		February 2018		5.00	April 2, 2021
ZNWAI Warrants	A,B		April 2018 – May 2018		3.00	June 29, 2021
ZNWAJ Warrants	B		August 2018 – September 2018		1.00	October 29, 2021
ZNWAK Warrants	B		December 2018 – January 2019		0.01	February 25, 2021
ZNWAL Warrants			July 2019 – August 2019		2.00	August 26, 2021

*	Zion’s ZNWAB Warrants expired on May 2, 2017, and the ZNWAC Warrants expired on May 2, 2018
A	On December 4, 2018, the Company extended the termination date of the Warrants by one (1) year.
B	On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the Warrants by one (1) year.

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Unproved Oil and Gas Properties, Full Cost Method

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Oil and Gas Property [Abstract]

Unproved Oil and Gas Properties, Full Cost Method

Note 4 - Unproved Oil and Gas Properties, Full Cost Method

Unproved oil and gas properties, under the full cost method, are comprised as follows:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs		1,311		1,227
Capitalized salary costs		1,856		1,759
Capitalized interest costs		1,049		990
Legal and seismic costs, license fees and other preparation costs		7,034		6,636
Other costs		36		25
		11,286		10,637

During the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, Impairment of unproved oil and gas properties comprised as follows:

	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs		-		17
Other costs		-		48
		-		65

During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, Impairment of unproved oil and gas properties comprised as follows:

	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs		-		159
Other costs		-		69
		-		228

Changes in Unproved oil and gas properties during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	June 30, 2020			June 30, 2019
	US$ thousands			US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs			84			1
Capitalized salary costs			97			89
Capitalized interest costs			59			38
Legal costs, license fees and other preparation costs			398			268
Other costs			11			11
		*	649		*	407

* Inclusive of non-cash amounts of approximately $139,000, and $174,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively

Changes in Unproved oil and gas properties during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	June 30, 2020			June 30, 2019
	US$ thousands			US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs			84			1
Capitalized salary costs			51			43
Capitalized interest costs			39			28
Legal costs, license fees and other preparation costs			248			140
Other costs			4			9
		*	426		*	221

* Inclusive of non-cash amounts of approximately $62,000, and $164,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively

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Senior Convertible Bonds

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Senior Convertible Bonds

Note 5 - Senior Convertible Bonds

Rights Offering -10% Senior Convertible Notes due May 2, 2021

On October 21, 2015, the Company filed with the SEC a prospectus supplement for a rights offering. Under the rights offering, the Company distributed at no cost, 360,000 non-transferable subscription rights to subscribe for, on a per right basis, two 10% Convertible Senior Bonds par $100 due May 2, 2021 (the “Notes”), to shareholders of the Company’s Common Stock on October 15, 2015, the record date for the offering. Each whole subscription right entitled the participant to purchase two convertible bonds at a purchase price of $100 per bond. Effective October 21, 2015, the Company executed a Supplemental Indenture, as issuer, with the American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, a New York limited liability trust company (“AST”), as trustee for the Notes (the “Indenture”).

On March 31, 2016, the rights offering terminated.

On May 2, 2016, the Company issued approximately $3,470,000 aggregate principal amount of convertible bonds or “Notes” in connection with the rights offering. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $3,334,000, from the issuance of the Notes, after deducting fees and expenses of $136,000 incurred in connection with the offering. These costs have been discounted as deferred offering costs.

The Notes contain a convertible option that gives rise to a derivative liability, which is accounted for separately from the Notes (see below and Note 6). Accordingly, the Notes were initially recognized at fair value of approximately $1,844,000, which represents the principal amount of $3,470,000 from which a debt discount of approximately $1,626,000 (which is equal to the fair value of the convertible option) was deducted. 

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded approximately $7,000 and $13,000, respectively, in amortization expense related to the deferred financing costs, approximately$101,000 and $217,000, respectively, in debt discount amortization net, and approximately ($1,000) and $3,000, respectively, related to financing gains (losses) associated with Notes converted to shares.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded approximately $7,000 and $13,000, respectively, in amortization expense related to the deferred financing costs, approximately $94,000 and $187,000, respectively, in debt discount amortization net, and approximately ($1,000) and $10,000, respectively, related to financing gains (losses) associated with Notes converted to shares. The Notes are governed by the terms of the Indenture. The Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at a rate of 10% per year, payable annually in arrears on May 2 of each year, commencing May 2, 2017. The Notes will mature on May 2, 2021, unless earlier redeemed by the Company or converted by the holder.

Interest and principal may be paid, at the Company’s option, in cash or in shares of the Company’s Common Stock. The number of shares for the payment of interest in shares of Common Stock, in lieu of the cash amount, will be based on the average of the closing prices of the Company’s Common Stock as reported by Bloomberg L.P. for the 30 trading days preceding the record date for the payment of interest; such record date has been designated and will always be the 10^th business day prior to the interest payment date on May 2 of each year. The number of shares for the payment of principal, in lieu of the cash amount, shall be based upon the average of the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock as reported by Bloomberg L.P. for the 30 trading days preceding the principal repayment date; such record date has been designated as the trading day immediately prior to the 30-day period preceding the maturity date of May 2, 2021. Fractional shares were not issued, and the final number of shares were rounded up to the next whole share.

On May 4, 2020, the Company paid its annual 10% interest to its bondholders of record on April 20, 2020. The interest was paid-in-kind (“PIK”) in the form of Common Stock. An average of the Company stock price of $0.182 was determined based on the 30 trading days prior to the record date of April 20, 2020. This figure was used to divide into 10% of the par value of the bonds held by the holders. The Company issued 1,781,504 shares to the accounts of its bondholders.

At any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding April 2, 2021, holders may convert their notes into Common Stock at the conversion rate of 44 shares per $100 bond (which is equivalent to a conversion rate of approximately $2.27 per share). The conversion rate is subject to adjustment from time to time upon the occurrence of certain events, including, but not limited to, the issuance of stock dividends and payment of cash dividends.

Beginning May 3, 2018, the Company was entitled to redeem for cash the outstanding Notes at an amount equal to the principal and accrued and unpaid interest, plus a 10% premium. No “sinking fund” is provided for the Notes due May 2, 2021, which means that the Company is not required to periodically redeem or retire the Notes due May 2, 2021.

Through the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, approximately 8 and 28 convertible bonds of $100 each, respectively, have been converted at a conversion rate of approximately $2.27 per share. As a result, the Company issued approximately 352 and 1,232 shares of its Common Stock during the same period, respectively, and recorded approximately ($1,000) and $3,000 in financial income (expenses) during the same period. 

Through the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, approximately 112 and 122 convertible bonds of $100 each, respectively, have been converted at a conversion rate of approximately $2.27 per share. As a result, the Company issued approximately 4,928 and 5,368 shares of its Common Stock during the same period, respectively, and recorded approximately $9,000 and $10,000 in financial income during the same period

	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
	US$ thousands			US$ thousands
10% Senior Convertible Bonds, on the day of issuance	$	3,470		$	3,470
Unamortized Debt discount, net	$	(422	)	$	(639	)
Bonds converted to shares	$	(223	)	$	(221	)
Offering cost, net	$	(23	)	$	(36	)
10% senior Convertible bonds – Long Term Liability	$	2,802		$	2,574

Capitalized interest for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were $39,000 and $59,000 compared to $28,000 and $38,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. 

Interest expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 were $40,000 and $101,000 compared to $54,000 and $111,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. 

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Derivative Liability

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Liability

Note 6 - Derivative Liability

The Notes issued by the Company and discussed in Note 5 contain a convertible option that gives rise to a derivative liability.

The debt instrument the Company issued includes a make-whole provision, which provides that in the event of conversion by the investor under certain circumstances, the issuer is required to deliver to the holder additional consideration beyond the settlement of the conversion obligation.

Because time value make-whole provisions are not clearly and closely related to the debt host and would meet the definition of a derivative if considered freestanding, they are evaluated under the indexation guidance to determine whether they would be afforded the scope exception pursuant to ASC 815-10-15-74(a). This evaluation is generally performed in conjunction with the analysis of the embedded conversion feature.

The Company has measured its derivative liability at fair value and recognized the derivative value as a current liability and recorded the derivative value on its balance sheet. Changes in the fair value recorded are recorded as a gain or loss in the accompanying statement of operations.

The valuation of the Notes was done by using the Binomial Model, a well-accepted option-pricing model, and based on the Notes’ terms and other parameters the Company identified as relevant for the valuation of the Notes’ Fair Value.

The Binomial Model used the forecast of the Company share price during the Note’s contractual term.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company’s liabilities that are measured at fair value are as follows:

	June 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Level 3		Total		Level 3		Total
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Fair value of derivative liability		181		181		129		129

Change in value of the derivative liability during 2020 is as follows:

	US$ thousands
Derivative liability fair value at December 31, 2019		129
Loss on derivative liability		52
Derivative liability fair value at June 30, 2020		181

The following table presents the assumptions that were used for the model as of June 30, 2020:

	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Convertible Option Fair Value of approximately	$	181,000		$	129,000
Annual Risk-free Rate		0.16	%		1.59	%
Volatility		126.82	%		121.68	%
Expected Term (years)		0.84			1.34
Convertible Notes Face Value	$	3,246,700		$	3,249,500
Expected annual yield on Regular Notes		28.77	%		28.77	%
Price of the Underlying Stock	$	0.30		$	0.17

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded unrealized losses of approximately $68,000, net, and $52,000, net, respectively, within the Statements of Operations on derivative liability.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded unrealized gains of approximately $460,000, net, and $82,000, net, respectively, within the Statements of Operations on derivative liability. A slight change in an unobservable input like volatility could have a significant impact on the fair value measurement of the derivative liability.

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Right of Use Leases Assets and Leases Obligations

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Disclosure Text Block [Abstract]

Right of Use Leases Assets and Leases Obligations

Note 7 - Right of use leases assets and leases obligations

The Company is a lessee in several non-cancellable operating leases, primarily for transportation and office spaces.

The table below presents the operating lease assets and liabilities recognized on the balance sheets as of June 30, 2020:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Operating lease assets	$	530	$	634
Operating lease liabilities:
Current operating lease liabilities	$	236	$	239
Non-current operating lease liabilities	$	335	$	450
Total operating lease liabilities	$	571	$	689

The depreciable lives of operating lease assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term.

The Company’s leases generally do not provide an implicit rate, and therefore the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate when measuring operating lease liabilities. The incremental borrowing rate represents an estimate of the interest rate the Company would incur at lease commencement to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over the term of a lease within a particular currency environment. The Company used incremental borrowing rates as of January 1, 2019 for operating leases that commenced prior to that date.

The Company’s weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate for operating leases as of June 30, 2020 are:

	June 30, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)		3.0
Weighted average discount rate		6.0	%

The table below reconciles the undiscounted future minimum lease payments (displayed by year and in the aggregate) under non-cancellable operating leases with terms of more than one year to the total operating lease liabilities recognized on the consolidated condensed balance sheets as of June 30, 2020:

	US$ thousands
July 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020		261
2021		140
2022		140
2023		82
2024		-
Thereafter		-
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments		623
Less: portion representing imputed interest		(52	)
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments		571

Operating lease costs were $61,000 and $122,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Operating lease costs were $64,000 and $132,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. Operating lease costs are included within general and administrative expenses on the statements of income.

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was $67,000 and $134,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities were $68,000 and $139,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. These amounts are included in operating activities in the statements of cash flows.

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities were $0 and $0 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities were $0 and $819,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 8 - Commitments and Contingencies

A. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Investigation

As previously disclosed by the Company, on June 21, 2018, Zion received a subpoena to produce documents from the Fort Worth office of the SEC informing the Company of the existence of a non-public, fact-finding inquiry into the Company. Prior to the receipt of the subpoena on June 21, 2018, Zion had no previous communication with the SEC on this issue and was unaware of this investigation. The SEC stated that “the investigation and the subpoena do not mean that we have concluded that Zion or anyone else has violated the law.” To date, Zion has furnished all required documents to the SEC and will continue to fully cooperate with the investigation.

The Company cannot predict when this matter will be resolved or what further action, if any, the SEC may take in connection with it.

B. Litigation

Following the commencement of the SEC investigation, on August 9, 2018, a putative class action (the “class action”) Complaint was filed against Zion, Victor G. Carrillo, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer at such time, and Michael B. Croswell Jr., the Company’s Chief Financial Officer (collectively, the “Defendants”) in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas. On November 16, 2018, the Court entered an Order in the class action appointing lead plaintiffs and approving lead counsel and on January 22, 2019, an Amended Complaint was filed. On February 1, 2019, a Corrected Amended Class Action Complaint was filed. The suit alleges violations of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder by the SEC and Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) against all defendants and alleges violations of Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Section 15 of the Securities Act against the individual defendants. The alleged class period is from February 13, 2018 through November 20, 2018. On March 13, 2019, a Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs’ Corrected Amended Complaint was filed on behalf of Zion, Victor Carrillo and Michael B. Croswell, Jr., pleading numerous grounds in support of their Motion to Dismiss. On April 29, 2019 Plaintiffs filed a Response to Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss, and on May 29, 2019 Defendants filed a Reply to Plaintiffs’ Response. On March 4, 2020, the Court granted Defendants’ Motion and dismissed all claims granting Plaintiffs leave to amend.  On March 30, 2020, the Lead Plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the Class Action with prejudice as to the Company and all other defendants. 

The Company disputed the above claims and made an advance deposit of $500,000 in 2018 to defense counsel for the cost of defending the litigation. The Company carries insurance that is applicable to these claims. During May 2020, the Company received a refund of approximately $142,000 from its defense counsel pertaining to the above legal claims.

On October 29, 2018, Zion received a shareholder request to inspect books and records pursuant to Section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law for the purpose of investigating potential corporate mismanagement and alleged breaches of fiduciary duty in connection with public statements made by the Company from March 12, 2018 to May 30, 2018.  The Company responded to this request.

On August 10, 2019, Zion received two (2) additional shareholder requests from the same law firm to inspect books and records pursuant to section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law for the purpose of investigating potential corporate mismanagement and alleged breaches of fiduciary duty in connection with public statements made by the Company from February 1, 2018 to present. Following discussion with counsel to the shareholder, the Company’s counsel produced materials responsive to the shareholders’ request in January 2020.

On February 12, 2020, by letter to Zion’s Board of Directors, one of the shareholders making the August 10, 2019 request demanded that the Board investigate, address, remedy, and commence proceedings against certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors for alleged breaches of fiduciary duties, violations of section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act, waste of corporate assets, unjust enrichment, and violations of all other applicable laws.  The shareholder alleges wrongdoing in connection with public statements made by the Company from February 1, 2018 regarding the Company’s oil and gas exploration activities, the Company’s accounting and disclosure of expenses, and the Board’s oversight of operations. The Board hired independent counsel to investigate the claims made against certain of the Company’s current and former officers and directors. That investigation has concluded and, based on the findings and recommendations of independent counsel, the Board has decided not to pursue claims against any current or former officer or director. On July 14, 2020, Zion received a request from the same shareholder making the February 12, 2020 demand to inspect books and records pursuant to Section 220 of the Delaware General Corporation Law for the purpose of evaluating the Board’s decision to reject the litigation demand.

From time to time, the Company may also be subject to routine litigation, claims or disputes in the ordinary course of business. The Company defends itself vigorously in all such matters. However, we cannot predict the outcome or effect of any of the litigation or any other pending litigation or claims.

C. Recent Market Conditions – Coronavirus Pandemic

During March 2020, a global pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization related to the rapidly growing outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”). The pandemic has significantly impacted the economic conditions in the United States and Israel, as federal, state and local governments react to the public health crisis, creating significant uncertainties in the United States, Israel and world economies. In the interest of public health and safety, jurisdictions (international, national, state and local) where we have operations, restricted travel and required workforces to work from home. As of the date of this report, our employees are working from home. However, while there are various uncertainties to navigate, the Company’s business activities are continuing. The situation is rapidly changing and additional impacts to the business may arise that we are not aware of currently. We cannot predict whether, when or the manner in which the conditions surrounding COVID-19 will change including the timing of lifting any restrictions or work from home arrangements.

The full extent of COVID-19’s impact on our operations and financial performance depends on future developments that are uncertain and unpredictable, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, its impact on capital and financial markets and any new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the virus, its spread to other regions as well as the actions taken to contain it, among others.

C. Environmental and Onshore Licensing Regulatory Matters

The Company is engaged in oil and gas exploration and production and may become subject to certain liabilities as they relate to environmental clean-up of well sites or other environmental restoration procedures and other obligations as they relate to the drilling of oil and gas wells or the operation thereof. Various guidelines have been published in Israel by the State of Israel’s Petroleum Commissioner and Energy and Environmental Ministries as it pertains to oil and gas activities. Mention of these older guidelines was included in previous Zion filings.

On April 8, 2019 the Energy Ministry issued new procedural guidelines regarding a uniform reporting manner by which the rights holder in a license must submit a quarterly report regarding a summary of license history, the nature, scope, location and results of the exploration work, specification of the amounts expended for the exploration work, and the results and interpretation of the exploration work and basic data on which these results and interpretation are based.

On July 18, 2019, the Energy Ministry issued a guidance document entitled “Instructions for Submitting Guarantees with respect to Oil Rights granted pursuant to the Petroleum Law” which states that onshore license applicants are required to deposit a base bank guarantee of $500,000. Furthermore, prior to drilling, an onshore license holder is required to deposit an additional bank guarantee in the amount as determined by the Petroleum Commissioner in accordance with the characteristics of the drilling and the drilling plan but no less than $250,000. The guarantee, as determined by the Commissioner, shall be deposited with the Commissioner Office for each well separately drilled. The Petroleum Commissioner has discretion to raise or lower those amounts or may also forfeit a Company’s existing guarantee and/or cancel a petroleum right under certain circumstances.

In addition, new and extended insurance policy guidelines were added. The Petroleum Commissioner may also view non-compliance with the new insurance provisions as breaching the work plan and the rights granted and act accordingly.

The Company believes that these new regulations will result in an increase in the expenditures associated with obtaining new exploration rights and drilling new wells. The Company expects that an additional financial burden could occur as a result of requiring cash reserves that could otherwise be used for operational purposes. In addition, these new regulations are likely to continue to increase the time needed to obtain all of the necessary authorizations and approvals to drill and production test exploration wells.

D. Bank Guarantees 

As of June 30, 2020, the Company provided Israeli-required bank guarantees to various governmental bodies (approximately $976,000) and others (approximately $82,000) with respect to its drilling operation in an aggregate amount of approximately $1,058,000. The Company also paid $1,000,000 to its escrow agent with respect to the purchase of a drilling rig in March 2020. The (cash) funds backing these guarantees are held in restricted interest-bearing accounts and are reported on the Company’s balance sheets as fixed short-term bank deposits – restricted.

E. Risks 

Market risk is a broad term for the risk of economic loss due to adverse changes in the fair value of a financial instrument. These changes may be the result of various factors, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and/or equity prices. In the normal course of doing business, we are exposed to the risks associated with foreign currency exchange rates and changes in interest rates.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risks. A portion of our expenses, primarily labor expenses and certain supplier contracts, are denominated in New Israeli Shekels (“NIS”). As a result, we have significant exposure to the risk of fluctuating exchange rates with the U.S. Dollar (“USD”), our primary reporting currency. During the period January 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020, the USD has fluctuated by approximately 0.3% against the NIS (the USD has strengthened relative to the NIS). By contrast, during the period January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019, the USD fluctuated by approximately 7.8% against the NIS (the USD weakened relative to the NIS). Continued strengthening of the US dollar against the NIS will result in lower operating costs from NIS denominated expenses. To date, we have not hedged any of our currency exchange rate risks, but we may do so in the future.

Interest Rate Risk. Our exposure to market risk relates to our cash and investments. We maintain an investment portfolio of short-term bank deposits and money market funds. The securities in our investment portfolio are not leveraged, and are, due to their very short-term nature, subject to minimal interest rate risk. We currently do not hedge interest rate exposure. Because of the short-term maturities of our investments, we do not believe that a change in market interest rates would have a significant negative impact on the value of our investment portfolio except for reduced income in a low interest rate environment. At June 30, 2020, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term bank deposits of approximately $10,340,000. The weighted average annual interest rate related to our cash and cash equivalents for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, exclusive of funds at US banks that earn no interest, was approximately .35% and .43%, respectively.

The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, we invest our excess cash in short-term bank deposits and money market funds that may invest in high quality debt instruments.

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Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Note 9 - Subsequent Events

(i) Approximately $6,400,000 was collected through the Company’s DSPP program during the period July 1 through August 7, 2020.

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Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Net Gain (Loss) per Share Data

A. Net Gain (Loss) per Share Data 

Basic and diluted net (loss) gain per share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), is presented in conformity with ASC 260-10 “Earnings Per Share.” Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share, as the inclusion of 10,529,736 and 10,589,366 and 9,621,083 and 9,644,820 Common Stock equivalents in the three and six-month period ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 respectively, would be anti-dilutive

Use of Estimates

B. Use of Estimates 

The preparation of the accompanying financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of unproved oil and gas properties, deferred tax assets, asset retirement obligations and legal contingencies. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company adjusts such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. Illiquid credit markets, volatile equity, foreign currency, and energy markets have combined to increase the uncertainty inherent in such estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in those estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.

Oil and Gas Properties and Impairment

C. Oil and Gas Properties and Impairment

The Company follows the full-cost method of accounting for oil and gas properties. Accordingly, all costs associated with acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas reserves, including directly related overhead costs, are capitalized.

All capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, including the estimated future costs to develop proved reserves, are amortized on the unit-of-production method using estimates of proved reserves. Investments in unproved properties and major development projects are not amortized until proved reserves associated with the projects can be determined or until impairment occurs. If the results of an assessment indicate that the properties are impaired, the amount of the impairment is included in loss from continuing operations before income taxes, and the adjusted carrying amount of the proved properties is amortized on the unit-of-production method.

The Company’s oil and gas property represents an investment in unproved properties. These costs are excluded from the amortized cost pool until proved reserves are found or until it is determined that the costs are impaired. All costs excluded are reviewed at least quarterly to determine if impairment has occurred. The amount of any impairment is charged to expense since a reserve base has not yet been established. Impairment requiring a charge to expense may be indicated through evaluation of drilling results, relinquishing drilling rights or other information.

During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company testing protocol was concluded at the Megiddo Jezreel #1 (“MJ #1”) well. The test results confirmed that the MJ #1 well did not contain hydrocarbons in commercial quantities in the zones tested. As a result of the above determination, in the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge to its unproved oil and gas properties of $30,906,000. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company did not record any post-impairment charges. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded a post-impairment charge of approximately $65,000 and $228,000, respectively (see Note 4).

Currently, the Company has no economically recoverable reserves and no amortization base. The Company’s unproved oil and gas properties consist of capitalized exploration costs of $11,286,000 and $10,637,000 as of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Fair Value Measurements

D. Fair Value Measurements 

The Company follows Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” as amended by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Financial Staff Position (FSP) No. 157 and related guidance. Those provisions relate to the Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value and the fair value disclosures related to financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value, expands related disclosure requirements, and specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on the nature of the inputs used to develop the fair value measures. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, assuming the transaction occurs in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability.

The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires the Company to use observable inputs when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs, when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows:

● Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted market prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets;

● Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly in the marketplace for identical or similar assets and liabilities; and

● Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions.

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, are carried at historical cost. At June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the carrying amounts of these instruments approximated their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Derivative instruments are carried at fair value, generally estimated using the Binomial Model.

Derivative Liabilities

E. Derivative Liabilities 

In accordance with ASC 815-40-25 and ASC 815-10-15 Derivatives and Hedging and ASC 480-10-25 Liabilities-Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the embedded derivatives associated with the Convertible Bonds are accounted for as a liability during the term of the related Convertible Bonds (see Note 6).

Stock-Based Compensation

F. Stock-Based Compensation 

ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” prescribes accounting and reporting standards for all share-based payment transactions in which employee services are acquired. Transactions include incurring liabilities, or issuing or offering to issue shares, options, and other equity instruments such as employee stock ownership plans and stock appreciation rights. Share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, are recognized as compensation expense in the financial statements based on their fair values. That expense is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award, known as the requisite service period (usually the vesting period).

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation issued to non-employees and consultants in accordance with the provisions of ASC 505-50, “Equity – Based Payments to Non-Employees.” Measurement of share-based payment transactions with non-employees is based on the fair value of whichever is more reliably measurable: (a) the goods or services received; or (b) the equity instruments issued. The fair value of the share-based payment transaction is determined at the earlier of performance commitment date or performance completion date.

Warrants

G. Warrants 

In connection with the Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (“DSPP”) financing arrangements, the Company has issued warrants to purchase shares of its common stock. The outstanding warrants are standalone instruments that are not puttable or mandatorily redeemable by the holder and are classified as equity awards. The Company measures the fair value of the awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model as of the measurement date. Warrants issued in conjunction with the issuance of common stock are initially recorded and accounted as a part of the DSPP investment as additional paid-in capital of the common stock issued. All other warrants are recorded at fair value and expensed over the requisite service period or at the date of issuance, if there is not a service period. Warrants granted in connection with ongoing arrangements are more fully described in Note 3, Stockholders’ Equity.

Related parties

H. Related parties 

Parties are considered to be related to the Company if the parties, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, control, are controlled by, or are under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. All transactions with related parties are recorded at fair value of the goods or services exchanged. Zion did not have any related party transactions for the periods covered in this report, with the exception of recurring monthly consulting fees paid to certain management personnel.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

I. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements  

ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2018-01 – Leases (Topic 842)

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”) in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. Zion adopted ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019. Presently, Zion has operating leases for office space in Dallas, Texas and in Caesarea, Israel plus various leases for motor vehicles. These leases have been accounted for under ASU 2016-02 in 2019 and 2020 by establishing a right-of-use asset and a corresponding current lease liability and non-current lease liability. Zion is not subject to any loan covenants and therefore, the increase in assets and liabilities does not have a material impact on its business.

In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01, “Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842.”

The amendments in this Update provide an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate under Topic 842 existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under Topic 840, Leases. An entity that elects this practical expedient should evaluate new or modified land easements under Topic 842 beginning at the date that the entity adopts Topic 842. An entity that does not elect this practical expedient should evaluate all existing or expired land easements in connection with the adoption of the new lease requirements in Topic 842 to assess whether they meet the definition of a lease. The Company does not have any land easements and believes that this ASU 2018-01 has no effect on the Company.

ASU 2018-07

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees by aligning it with the accounting for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2018-07 did not have any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-08 – Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)

In August 2016, the FASB issued AS 2016-15, “Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments”, which clarifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The effective date for ASU 2016-15 is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-15 on our financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) (“ASU 2016-18”), which requires that restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total cash amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The effective date for ASU 2016-18 is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted ASU 2016-18 effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 had no impact on our retained earnings, and no impact to our net income on an ongoing basis. Adoption of the new standard requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and amounts generally described as restricted cash, or restricted cash equivalents. The amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statements of cash flows. The amendments have been applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented, as required.

ASU 2018-05 – Income Taxes (Topic 740)

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05, “Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118”. This ASU expresses the view of the staff regarding application of Topic 740, Income Taxes, in the reporting period that includes December 22, 2017, the date on which the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R.1, An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018) was signed into law. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2018-05 on our financial statements.  

The Company does not believe that the adoption of any recently issued accounting pronouncements in 2020 had a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flow, except for ASC Update No. 2016-02—Leases, which requires organizations to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019. See Note 7 for more complete details on balances at June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

J. Depreciation and Accounting for Drilling Rig and Inventory 

On March 12, 2020, Zion entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement with Central European Drilling kft, a Hungarian corporation, to purchase an onshore oil and gas drilling rig, drilling pipe, related equipment and excess inventory for a purchase price of $5.6 million in cash, subject to acceptance testing and potential downward adjustment. We remitted to the Seller $250,000 on February 6, 2020 as earnest money towards the purchase price. The Closing anticipated by the Agreement also took place on March 12, 2020 by the Seller’s execution and delivery of a Bill of Sale to us. On March 13, 2020, the Seller retained the earnest money deposit, and the Company remitted $4,350,000 to the seller towards the purchase price and $1,000,000 (the “Holdback Amount”) was deposited in escrow with American Stock Transfer and Trust Company LLC, as escrow agent, through October 1, 2020, or as extended by mutual agreement of the parties, pending a determination, if any, by us of any operating deficiency in the drilling rig. Should we determine in our sole opinion that the drilling rig is not in satisfactory operating condition, then upon notice to the Seller, we and the Seller shall jointly determine if the operating deficiencies identified by us existed prior to the closing of the transaction. If it is determined that these deficiencies existed prior to the closing, then the Seller will undertake to cure the deficiencies within a reasonable time period. If the Seller is unable or unwilling to cure the deficiencies within the time period agrees to between the parties, we may solicit third party bids to repair the deficiencies and the cost thereof shall be paid out of the Holdback Amount.

The Drilling Rig will be imported into Israel from Romania, where the Drilling Rig is currently stored. The State of Israel has imposed travel restrictions relating to the Coronavirus outbreak, including a requirement that any person arriving into Israel, including the operating crew for the Drilling Rig, will need to undergo a two week quarantine. In addition, the ports of entry into Israel through which the Drilling rig will need to enter, may be undergoing work disruptions on account of the virus outbreak. Accordingly, it is not possible at the present time to accurately estimate the time or resources that may be necessary to import the Drilling Rig onto the well site or any delay arising as a consequence of the outbreak.

Since the rig was purchased and closed during March 2020, it is sound accounting practice for this purchase to be recorded on Zion’s books as a long term fixed asset. The full purchase price of the drilling rig was $5.6 million, inclusive of approximately $900,000 in spare parts inventory (“spare parts” or “inventory”). The value of the inventory is contained inside the drilling rig and inventory account on the balance sheet and not broken out separately. However, only $4,600,000 of the purchase price is charged to the drilling rig and inventory account. The remaining $1,000,000 represents funds held in escrow until the rig undergoes acceptance testing in Israel. This $1,000,000 is presently on our books as a fixed short term escrow deposit as of June 30, 2020 and we’ve confirmed this balance with the escrow agent. 

The Seller further agreed to allow the Buyer to store the drilling rig on its premises, at Buyer’s risk of loss, at no charge until April 30, 2020. However, due to COVID and worldwide logistical issues, the Seller has agreed to not charge the Buyer any rental fees ($1,500/month) as of June 30, 2020.

In accordance with GAAP accounting rules, per the matching principle, monthly depreciation will be recorded beginning in the month that the asset is “placed in service.” The expectation at this point in time is that this date would be sometime in Q3 2020 (however, this is subject to change given the coronavirus pandemic and other logistical factors). Due to the high quality of the I-35 drilling rig (the rig Zion purchased), we believe that the useful life is 10 years. Furthermore, we believe that straight-line depreciation is the best GAAP accounting method that most appropriately reflects the matching principle.

As mentioned previously, there is approximately $900,000 worth of consumable inventory included in the rig purchase. When the drilling rig and inventory items arrive at the Israeli port or perhaps later at the well site, it is expected that there will be a verification/count of the inventory. Any such physical documentation of such count(s) will be obtained and saved in our files. Zion will also plan to obtain a physical count of the inventory at the end of each quarter, or as close to such date as practical, in accordance with our normal inventory procedures.

Zion will use the First In First Out (“FIFO”) method of accounting for the inventory, meaning that the earliest items purchased will be the first item charged to the well in which the inventory gets consumed.

Zion expects the useful life of the rig to be 10 years. The depreciation method used will be straight line. It is also noteworthy that various components and systems on the rig will be subject to certifications by the manufacturer to ensure that the rig is maintained at optimal levels. Per standard practice in upstream oil and gas, each certification performed on our drilling rig increases the useful life of the rig by five years. The costs of each certification will be added to the drilling rig account and our straight-line amortization will be adjusted accordingly.

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Stockholders' Equity (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of stock option transactions

	Number of shares			Weighted Average exercise price
				US$
Outstanding, December 31, 2019		5,195,250			1.12
Changes during 2020 to:
Granted to employees, officers, directors and others *		110,000			0.01
Expired/Cancelled/Forfeited		(415,000	)		1.74
Exercised		(387,500	)		0.01
Outstanding, June 30, 2020		4,502,750			1.13
Exercisable, June 30, 2020		4,502,750			1.13

* The receipt of a stock option grant by the grantee recipient is a non-taxable event according to the Internal Revenue Service. The grantee who later chooses to exercise penny stock options must recognize the market value in income in the year of exercise.

Schedule of stock options outstanding

Shares underlying outstanding options (non-vested)								Shares underlying outstanding options (fully vested)
Range of exercise price		Number outstanding		Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)		Weighted Average Exercise price		Range of exercise price		Number Outstanding		Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)		Weighted Average Exercise price
US$						US$		US$						US$
	—		—		—		—		0.01		10,000		3.37		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		5,000		3.95		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		20,000		5.92		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		130,000		6.50		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		60,000		6.79		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		40,000		7.25		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		97,500		7.50		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		25,000		7.51		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		30,000		7.66		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		6,000		7.76		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		25,000		8.52		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		50,000		8.83		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		95,000		9.00		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		10,000		9.17		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		205,000		9.21		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		435,000		9.38		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.01		85,000		9.51		0.01
	—		—		—		—		0.16		340,000		5.44		0.16
	—		—		—		—		0.16		150,000		9.44		0.16
	—		—		—		—		0.18		25,000		5.42		0.18
	—		—		—		—		0.28		25,000		5.17		0.28
	—		—		—		—		0.28		25,000		9.17		0.28
	—		—		—		—		1.33		25,000		2.83		1.33
	—		—		—		—		1.38		108,000		0.51		1.38
	—		—		—		—		1.38		105,307		4.51		1.38
	—		—		—		—		1.55		300,000		1.93		1.55
	—		—		—		—		1.67		300,000		0.25		1.67
	—		—		—		—		1.67		405,943		4.26		1.67
	—		—		—		—		1.70		218,500		2.47		1.70
	—		—		—		—		1.75		300,000		3.02		1.75
	—		—		—		—		1.78		25,000		4.18		1.78
	—		—		—		—		2.03		25,000		0.84		2.03
	—		—		—		—		2.31		300,000		3.51		2.31
									2.61		471,500		1.43		2.61
	—		—		—		—		4.15		25,000		4.01		4.15
									0.01-4.15		4,502,750				1.13

Schedule of warrants description

		Period of Grant		US$		Expiration Date
ZNWAA Warrants	B		March 2013 – December 2014		2.00	January 31, 2021
ZNWAD Warrants	A,B		January 2015 – March 2016		1.00	May 02, 2021
ZNWAE Warrants	B		November 2016 – March 2017		1.00	May 01, 2021
ZNWAF Warrants	A,B		May 2017 – July 2017		1.00	August 14, 2021
ZNWAG Warrants			October 2017 – December 2017		1.00	January 08, 2021
ZNWAH Warrants	A,B		February 2018		5.00	April 2, 2021
ZNWAI Warrants	A,B		April 2018 – May 2018		3.00	June 29, 2021
ZNWAJ Warrants	B		August 2018 – September 2018		1.00	October 29, 2021
ZNWAK Warrants	B		December 2018 – January 2019		0.01	February 25, 2021
ZNWAL Warrants			July 2019 – August 2019		2.00	August 26, 2021

*	Zion’s ZNWAB Warrants expired on May 2, 2017, and the ZNWAC Warrants expired on May 2, 2018
A	On December 4, 2018, the Company extended the termination date of the Warrants by one (1) year.
B	On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the Warrants by one (1) year.

Dividend Reinvestment And Stock Purchase Plan [Member]

Stockholders' Equity (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of warrants description

Warrants	Exercise Price		Warrant Termination Date	Outstanding Balance, 12/31/2019		Warrants Issued		Warrants Exercised			Warrants Expired		Outstanding Balance, 06/30/2020
ZNWAA	$	2.00	01/31/2021		1,498,804		-		-			-		1,498,804
ZNWAD	$	1.00	05/02/2021		243,853		-		-			-		243,853
ZNWAE	$	1.00	05/02/2021		2,144,470		-		(371	)		-		2,144,099
ZNWAF	$	1.00	08/14/2021		359,585		-		-			-		359,585
ZNWAG	$	1.00	01/08/2021		240,578		-		-			-		240,578
ZNWAH	$	5.00	04/19/2021		372,400		-		-			-		372,400
ZNWAI	$	3.00	06/29/2021		640,730		-		-			-		640,730
ZNWAJ	$	1.00	10/29/2021		546,000		-		-			-		546,000
ZNWAK	$	0.01	02/25/2021		457,725		-		(7,300	)		-		450,425
ZNWAL	$	2.00	08/26/2021		517,925		-		(50	)		-		517,875
Outstanding warrants					7,022,070		-		(7,721	)		-		7,014,349

Employees [Member]

Stockholders' Equity (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of assumptions used to estimate fair value of warrants granted using black-scholes option pricing model

	For the six months ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Weighted-average fair value of underlying stock at grant date	$	0.52		$	0.53
Dividend yields		—			—
Expected volatility		103	%		87%-88	%
Risk-free interest rates		1.61	%		2.31%-2.53	%
Expected lives (in years)		5.00			5.00-5.34
Weighted-average grant date fair value	$	0.51		$	0.52

Non-employees [Member]

Stockholders' Equity (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of assumptions used to estimate fair value of warrants granted using black-scholes option pricing model

	For the six months ended June 30,
	2020		2019
Weighted-average fair value of underlying stock at grant date	$	—	$	—
Dividend yields		—		—
Expected volatility		—		—
Risk-free interest rates		—		—
Expected lives (in years)		—		—
Weighted-average grant date fair value	$	—	$	—

Schedule of compensation cost of warrant and option issuances

For the three months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		—

For the six months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		—

Employees And Directors [Member]

Stockholders' Equity (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of compensation cost of warrant and option issuances

For the three months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		25

For the six months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	56		40

Employees And Non Employees [Member]

Stockholders' Equity (Tables) [Line Items]

Schedule of compensation cost of warrant and option issuances

For the three months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		—

For the six months ended June 30,
2020		2019
US$ thousands		US$ thousands
	—		—

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Unproved Oil and Gas Properties, Full Cost Method (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Oil and Gas Property [Abstract]

Schedule of changes in unproved oil and gas properties

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs		1,311		1,227
Capitalized salary costs		1,856		1,759
Capitalized interest costs		1,049		990
Legal and seismic costs, license fees and other preparation costs		7,034		6,636
Other costs		36		25
		11,286		10,637

	June 30, 2020			June 30, 2019
	US$ thousands			US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs			84			1
Capitalized salary costs			97			89
Capitalized interest costs			59			38
Legal costs, license fees and other preparation costs			398			268
Other costs			11			11
		*	649		*	407

	June 30, 2020			June 30, 2019
	US$ thousands			US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs			84			1
Capitalized salary costs			51			43
Capitalized interest costs			39			28
Legal costs, license fees and other preparation costs			248			140
Other costs			4			9
		*	426		*	221

* Inclusive of non-cash amounts of approximately $139,000, and $174,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively

* Inclusive of non-cash amounts of approximately $62,000, and $164,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively

Schedule of changes in unproved oil and gas properties, full cost method

	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs		-		17
Other costs		-		48
		-		65

	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Excluded from amortization base:
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs		-		159
Other costs		-		69
		-		228

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Senior Convertible Bonds (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of senior convertible bonds

	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
	US$ thousands			US$ thousands
10% Senior Convertible Bonds, on the day of issuance	$	3,470		$	3,470
Unamortized Debt discount, net	$	(422	)	$	(639	)
Bonds converted to shares	$	(223	)	$	(221	)
Offering cost, net	$	(23	)	$	(36	)
10% senior Convertible bonds – Long Term Liability	$	2,802		$	2,574

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Derivative Liability (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of fair value of derivative liabilities

	June 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Level 3		Total		Level 3		Total
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Fair value of derivative liability		181		181		129		129

Schedule of change in fair value of derivative liability

	US$ thousands
Derivative liability fair value at December 31, 2019		129
Loss on derivative liability		52
Derivative liability fair value at June 30, 2020		181

Schedule of assumption used for the model of derivatives liabilities

	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Convertible Option Fair Value of approximately	$	181,000		$	129,000
Annual Risk-free Rate		0.16	%		1.59	%
Volatility		126.82	%		121.68	%
Expected Term (years)		0.84			1.34
Convertible Notes Face Value	$	3,246,700		$	3,249,500
Expected annual yield on Regular Notes		28.77	%		28.77	%
Price of the Underlying Stock	$	0.30		$	0.17

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Right of Use Leases Assets and Leases Obligations (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Disclosure Text Block [Abstract]

Schedule of operating lease assets and liabilities

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	US$ thousands		US$ thousands
Operating lease assets	$	530	$	634
Operating lease liabilities:
Current operating lease liabilities	$	236	$	239
Non-current operating lease liabilities	$	335	$	450
Total operating lease liabilities	$	571	$	689

Schedule of weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate for operating leases

	June 30, 2020
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)		3.0
Weighted average discount rate		6.0	%

Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases

	US$ thousands
July 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020		261
2021		140
2022		140
2023		82
2024		-
Thereafter		-
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments		623
Less: portion representing imputed interest		(52	)
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments		571

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Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Going Concern (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) m²	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) m²	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2019 m²
Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Going Concern (Details) [Line Items]
Area of land depth, description			MJ#1 had natural fractures, permeability (the ability of fluid to move through the rock) and porosity (pore space in rock) that allowed the sustained flow of formation fluid in the shallower Jurassic and lower Cretaceous age formations between approximately 1,200 and 1,800 meters.
Impairment of oil and gas properties			$ 11,286,000		$ 10,637,000	$ 30,906,000
Net loss	$ (1,924,000)	$ (1,313,000)	(3,532,000)	$ (3,483,000)
Accumulated deficit	$ (209,340,000)		$ (209,340,000)		$ (205,808,000)
Megiddo Jezreel License [Member]
Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Going Concern (Details) [Line Items]
Area of land, approximate (in Square Meters) | m²	99,000		99,000
Area of land depth, description			The Megiddo-Jezreel License (No. 401) was awarded on December 3, 2013 for a three-year primary term through December 2, 2016 with the possibility of additional one-year extensions up to a maximum of seven years.
Post-impairment charge		$ 65,000	$ 228,000
Megiddo Jezreel License [Member] | Exploration Rights [Member]
Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Going Concern (Details) [Line Items]
Area of land depth, description			The Megiddo Jezreel #1 (“MJ #1”) exploratory well was spud on June 5, 2017 and drilled to a total depth (“TD”) of 5,060 meters (approximately 16,600 feet). Thereafter, the Company successfully cased and cemented the well while awaiting the approval of the testing protocol. The Ministry of Energy approved the well testing protocol on April 29, 2018.
AGS [Member]
Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Going Concern (Details) [Line Items]
Area of land, approximate (in Square Meters) | m²							72
Jordan Valley License [Member]
Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Going Concern (Details) [Line Items]
Net loss			$ 3,530,000
Accumulated deficit	$ 209,300,000		$ 209,300,000

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 11, 2020	Mar. 12, 2020	Feb. 06, 2020
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.01			$ 0.01		$ 0.01		$ 0.01
Common stock equivalents excluded from EPS as the inclusion would be anti-dilutive (in Shares)	10,529,736		10,589,366	9,621,083	9,644,820
Impairment of unproved oil and gas properties				$ 11,286,000		$ 10,637,000	$ 30,906,000
Post-impairment charge			$ 65,000		$ 228,000
Summary of significant accounting policies, description				On March 13, 2020, the Seller retained the earnest money deposit, and the Company remitted $4,350,000 to the seller towards the purchase price and $1,000,000 (the “Holdback Amount”) was deposited in escrow with American Stock Transfer and Trust Company LLC, as escrow agent, through October 1, 2020, or as extended by mutual agreement of the parties, pending a determination, if any, by us of any operating deficiency in the drilling rig.
Purchase price of drilling ring		$ 5,600,000
Spare parts inventory		900,000
Purchase price charged to asset account		4,600,000
Remaining amount held in escrow deposit		$ 1,000,000
Fixed short term escrow deposit	$ 1,000,000			$ 1,000,000
Rental fees	1,500			$ 1,500
Useful life of drilling ring				10 years
Consumable inventory included in the rig purchase	$ 900,000			$ 900,000
Purchase and Sale Agreement [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) [Line Items]
Equipment and excess inventory									$ 5,600,000
Earnest money										$ 250,000

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Stockholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 11, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 29, 2018	Jan. 13, 2015
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01			$ 0.01		$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Increase in shares authorized						400,000,000
Net proceeds under the DSPP program	$ 3,393,000			$ 12,502,000	$ 5,636,000
Warrant [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per unit								$ 3.00
Expiration date				The Unit Option Program consisted of Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) two hundred and fifty (250) shares of Common Stock and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional fifty (50) shares of Common Stock at a per share exercise price of $2.00. The investor’s Plan account was credited with the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock and Warrants acquired under the Units purchased. For Plan participants who enrolled into the Unit Program with the purchase of at least one Unit and also enrolled in the separate Automatic Monthly Investments (“AMI”) program at a minimum of $50.00 per month or more, received an additional twenty-five (25) warrants at an exercise price of $2.00 during this Unit Option Program. The twenty-five (25) additional warrants were for enrolling into the AMI program. Existing subscribers to the AMI were entitled to the additional twenty-five (25) warrants once, if they purchased at least one (1) unit during the Unit program. Each warrant affords the participant the opportunity to purchase one share of our Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $2.00. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAL.”
Znwad Warrants [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Expiration date				On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAD Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of May 2, 2020 to May 2, 2021.
ZNWAH [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Expiration date				The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAH by one (1) year from the expiration date of April 19, 2020 to April 19, 2021.
ZNWAJ [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Expiration date				The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAJ by one (1) year from the expiration date of October 29, 2020 to October 29, 2021.
ZNWAK [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Expiration date				The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAK by one (1) year from the expiration date of February 25, 2020 to February 25, 2021.
ZNWAL [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Stock option plan, expiration date				The company raised approximately $6,400,000 from the period July 1, 2020 through August 7, 2020, under the DSPP program.
Expiration date				On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAI Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of June 29, 2020 to June 29, 2021.
Net proceeds under the DSPP program		$ 3,108,000		$ 6,400,000
Subscription Rights Offering [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Subscription rights offering, description				On April 2, 2018 the Company announced an offering (“2018 Subscription Rights Offering”) through American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (the “Subscription Agent”), at no cost to the shareholders, of non-transferable Subscription Rights (each “Right” and collectively, the “Rights”) to purchase its securities to persons who owned shares of our Common Stock on April 13, 2018 (“the Record Date”). Pursuant to the 2018 Subscription Rights Offering, each holder of shares of common stock on the Record Date received non-transferable Subscription Rights, with each Right comprised of one share of the Company Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”) and one Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase an additional one share of Common Stock. Each Right could be exercised or subscribed at a per Right subscription price of $5.00. Each Warrant affords the investor the opportunity to purchase one share of the Company Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $3.00. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAI.”
Proceeds from the sale of the rights				$ 3,038,000
Expenses from rights offering				$ 243,000
ZNWAD Warrants [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Expiration date				The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAD by one (1) year from the expiration date of May 2, 2019 to May 2, 2020. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAH by one (1) year from the expiration date of April 19, 2019 to April 19, 2020. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAI by one (1) year from the expiration date of June 29, 2019 to June 29, 2020. The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAJ by one (1) year from the expiration date of October 29, 2019 to October 29, 2020.
ZNWAA [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Expiration date				The Warrant ZNWAA had an expiration date of January 31, 2020, Warrant ZNWAD had an has an expiration date of May 2, 2020, Warrant ZNWAE had an expiration date of May 1, 2020, Warrant ZNWAF had an expiration date of August 14, 2020, Warrant ZNWAH had an expiration date of April 19, 2020, Warrant ZNWAI had an expiration date of June 29, 2020, Warrant ZNWAJ had an expiration date of October 29, 2020 and the Warrant ZNWAK had an expiration date of February 25, 2020.
ZNWAE [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Expiration date				The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAE by one (1) year from the expiration date of May 1, 2020 to May 1, 2021.
ZNWAF [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Expiration date				The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAF by one (1) year from the expiration date of August 14, 2020 to August 14, 2021.
ZNWAI [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Expiration date				The Company extended the duration of the Warrant ZNWAI by one (1) year from the expiration date of June 29, 2020 to June 29, 2021.
Minimum [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Increase in shares authorized						200,000,000
Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants termination, description				The ZNWAB warrants first became exercisable on May 2, 2016 and, in the case of ZNWAC on May 2, 2017 and in the case of ZNWAD on May 2, 2018, at a per share exercise price of $1.00.
Unit option, description				On November 1, 2016, the Company launched a unit offering (the “Unit Program”) under the Company’s DSPP pursuant to which participants could purchase units comprised of seven shares of Common Stock and seven Common Stock purchase warrants, at a per unit purchase price of $10.
Five Senior Officers [Member] | 2011 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Shares purchased under option plan				110,000
Exercise price per unit	$ 0.01			$ 0.01
Fair value of stock options granted				$ 57,000
Senior Officer One [Member] | 2011 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Shares purchased under option plan			25,000
Exercise price per unit			$ 0.01
Fair value of stock options granted				$ 10,000
Senior Officer One [Member] | 2011 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Shares purchased under option plan				100,000
Exercise price per unit	0.01			$ 0.01
Fair value of stock options granted				$ 55,000
Stock option plan, expiration date				The options are exercisable through May 1, 2029. However, the vesting and exercisability of these options is subject to the following schedule: (a) 50,000 options vest on September 1, 2019 and (b) the remaining 50,000 options vest on January 1, 2020.
New Unit Program [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per unit									$ 1.00
Purchase warrants unit price									$ 4.00
New unit program, description				This Unit Option Program enabled participants to purchase Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) a certain number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing $250.00 (the price of one Unit) by the average of the high and low sale prices of the Company’s Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ on the unit purchase date and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional 15 shares of Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $1.00 per share.
Unit Option Program [Member] | ZNWAG [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants termination, description				The warrants became exercisable on January 8, 2018 and continue to be exercisable through January 8, 2021 at a per share exercise price of $1.00. The warrant terms provide that if the Company’s Common Stock trades above $5.00 per share as the closing price for 15 consecutive trading days at any time prior to the expiration date of the warrant, the Company has the sole discretion to accelerate the termination date of the warrant upon providing 60 days advanced notice to the warrant holders.
New unit program, description				the Company launched another Unit Option Program which terminated on February 28, 2018. The Unit Option consisted of Units of our securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) 50 shares of Common Stock and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional 50 shares of Common Stock. The investor’s Plan account was credited with the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock acquired under the Units purchased. Each warrant affords the investor the opportunity to purchase one share of Company Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $5.00. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAH.”
Unit Option Program [Member] | ZNWAH [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants termination, description				The warrants became exercisable on April 2, 2018 and continue to be exercisable through April 2, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $5.00, after the Company, on December 4, 2018, extended the termination date of the Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of April 2, 2019 to April 2, 2020. On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAH Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of April 2, 2020 to April 2, 2021.
Unit Option Program [Member] | ZNWAJ [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants termination, description				The warrants became exercisable on October 29, 2018 and continue to be exercisable through October 29, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $1.00, after the Company, on December 4, 2018, extended the termination date of the Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of October 29, 2019 to October 29, 2020. On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAJ Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of October 29, 2020 to October 29, 2021.
New unit program, description				The Unit Option Program consisted of Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) was comprised of (i) a certain number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing $250.00 (the price of one Unit) by the average of the high and low sale prices of the Company’s publicly traded common stock as reported on the NASDAQ on the Unit Purchase Date and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional twenty-five (25) shares of Common Stock. The investor’s Plan account was credited with the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock acquired under the Units purchased. Each warrant affords the investor the opportunity to purchase one share of Company Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $1.00. The warrant is referred to as “ZNWAJ.”
Unit Option Program [Member] | ZNWAK [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Warrants termination, description				The Unit Option Program consisted of Units of the Company’s securities where each Unit (priced at $250.00 each) is comprised of (i) two hundred and fifty (250) shares of Common Stock and (ii) Common Stock purchase warrants to purchase an additional two hundred and fifty (250) shares of Common Stock at a per share exercise price of $0.01. The investor’s Plan account was credited with the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock and Warrants that are acquired under the Units purchased. Each warrant affords the participant the opportunity to purchase one share of our Common Stock at a warrant exercise price of $0.01.
Expiration date				The warrants became exercisable on February 25, 2019 and continue to be exercisable through February 25, 2020 at a per share exercise price of $0.01. On May 29, 2019, the Company extended the termination date of the ZNWAK Warrant by one (1) year from the expiration date of February 25, 2020 to February 25, 2021.
Unit Option Program [Member] | ZNWAL [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) [Line Items]
Exercise price per unit	$ 2.00			$ 2.00

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Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of stock option transactions - Employee Stock [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares
Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of stock option transactions [Line Items]
Outstanding, December 31, 2019 | shares	5,195,250
Outstanding, December 31, 2019 | $ / shares	$ 1.12
Granted to employees, officers, directors and others | shares	110,000	[1]
Granted to employees, officers, directors and others | $ / shares	$ 0.01	[1]
Expired/Cancelled/Forfeited | shares	(415,000)
Expired/Cancelled/Forfeited | $ / shares	$ 1.74
Exercised | shares	(387,500)
Exercised | $ / shares	$ 0.01
Outstanding, June 30, 2020 | shares	4,502,750
Outstanding, June 30, 2020 | $ / shares	$ 1.13
Exercisable, June 30, 2020 | shares	4,502,750
Exercisable, June 30, 2020 | $ / shares	$ 1.13

[1] The receipt of a stock option grant by the grantee recipient is a non-taxable event according to the Internal Revenue Service. The grantee who later chooses to exercise penny stock options must recognize the market value in income in the year of exercise.

XML

Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of stock options outstanding	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares
Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	4,502,750
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 1.13
Vested [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	0.01
Vested [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	4.15
Ranges Two [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Two [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	10,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	3 years 135 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Three [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Three [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	5,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	3 years 346 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Four [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Four [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	20,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	5 years 335 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Five [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Five [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	130,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	6 years 6 months
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Six [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Six [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	60,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	6 years 288 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Seven [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Seven [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	40,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	7 years 3 months
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Eight [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Eight [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	97,500
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	7 years 6 months
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Nine [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Nine [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	25,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	7 years 186 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Ten [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Ten [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	30,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	7 years 240 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Eleven [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Eleven [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	6,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	7 years 277 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Twelve [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Twelve [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	25,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	8 years 189 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Thirteen [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Thirteen [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	50,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	8 years 302 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Fourteen [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Fourteen [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	95,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	9 years
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Fifteen [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Fifteen [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	10,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	9 years 62 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Sixteen [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Sixteen [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	205,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	9 years 76 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Seventeen [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Seventeen [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	435,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	9 years 138 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Eighteen [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Eighteen [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.01
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	85,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	9 years 186 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.01
Ranges Nineteen [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Nineteen [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.16
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	340,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	5 years 160 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.16
Ranges Twenty [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Twenty [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.16
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	150,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	9 years 160 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.16
Ranges Twenty One [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Twenty One [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.18
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	25,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	5 years 153 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.18
Ranges Twenty Two [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Twenty Two [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.28
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	25,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	5 years 62 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.28
Ranges Twenty Three [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Twenty Three [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 0.28
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	25,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	9 years 62 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 0.28
Ranges Twenty Four [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Twenty Four [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 1.33
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	25,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	2 years 302 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 1.33
Ranges Twenty Five [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Twenty Five [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 1.38
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	108,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	186 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 1.38
Ranges Twenty Six [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Twenty Six [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 1.38
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	105,307
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	4 years 186 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 1.38
Ranges Twenty Seven [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Twenty Seven [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 1.55
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	300,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	1 year 339 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 1.55
Ranges Twenty Eight [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Twenty Eight [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 1.67
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	300,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	3 months
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 1.67
Ranges Twenty Nine [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Twenty Nine [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 1.67
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	405,943
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	4 years 94 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 1.67
Ranges Thirty [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Thirty [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 1.70
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	218,500
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	2 years 171 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 1.70
Ranges Thirty One [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Thirty One [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 1.75
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	300,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	3 years 7 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 1.75
Ranges Thirty Two [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Thirty Two [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 1.78
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	25,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	4 years 65 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 1.78
Ranges Thirty Three [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Thirty Three [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 2.03
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	25,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	306 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 2.03
Ranges Thirty Four [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Thirty Four [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 2.31
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	300,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	3 years 186 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 2.31
Ranges Thirty Five [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Thirty Five [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 2.61
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	471,500
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	1 year 156 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 2.61
Ranges Thirty Six [Member] | Non-vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Weighted Average Exercise price
Ranges Thirty Six [Member] | Vested [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of exercise price	$ 4.15
Number outstanding (in Shares) | shares	25,000
Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)	4 years 3 days
Weighted Average Exercise price	$ 4.15

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Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of assumptions used to estimate fair value of warrants granted using black-scholes option pricing model - Employee [Member] - $ / shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of assumptions used to estimate fair value of warrants granted using black-scholes option pricing model [Line Items]
Weighted-average fair value of underlying stock at grant date (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.52	$ 0.53
Dividend yields
Expected volatility	103.00%
Risk-free interest rates	1.61%
Expected lives (in years)	5 years
Weighted-average grant date fair value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.51	$ 0.52
Minimum [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of assumptions used to estimate fair value of warrants granted using black-scholes option pricing model [Line Items]
Expected volatility		87.00%
Risk-free interest rates		2.31%
Expected lives (in years)		5 years
Maximum [Member]
Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of assumptions used to estimate fair value of warrants granted using black-scholes option pricing model [Line Items]
Expected volatility		88.00%
Risk-free interest rates		2.53%
Expected lives (in years)		5 years 124 days

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Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of assumptions used to estimate fair value of warrants granted using black-scholes option pricing model - Non-employees [Member] - $ / shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of assumptions used to estimate fair value of warrants granted using black-scholes option pricing model [Line Items]
Weighted-average fair value of underlying stock at grant date (in Dollars per share)
Dividend yields
Expected volatility
Risk-free interest rates
Expected lives (in years)
Weighted-average grant date fair value (in Dollars per share)

XML

Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of compensation cost of warrant and option issuances employees and directors - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Employees And Directors [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Compensation cost of warrant and option issuances		$ 25	$ 56	$ 40

XML

Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of compensation cost of warrant and option issuances non-employees - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Non-employees [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Compensation cost of warrant and option issuances

XML

Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of compensation cost of warrant and option issuances employees and non-employees - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Employees And Non Employees [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Compensation cost of warrant and option issuances

XML

Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of warrants description	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Outstanding warrants, Beginning Balance	7,022,070
Warrants Issued
Warrants Exercised	(7,721)
Warrants Expired
Outstanding warrants, Ending Balance	7,014,349
Znwaa Warrants [Member] | Warrant Transactions [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.00
Warrant Termination Date	Jan. 31, 2021
Outstanding warrants, Beginning Balance	1,498,804
Warrants Issued
Warrants Exercised
Warrants Expired
Outstanding warrants, Ending Balance	1,498,804
Znwad Warrants [Member] | Warrant Transactions [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.00
Warrant Termination Date	May 02, 2021
Outstanding warrants, Beginning Balance	243,853
Warrants Issued
Warrants Exercised
Warrants Expired
Outstanding warrants, Ending Balance	243,853
Znwae Warrants [Member] | Warrant Transactions [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.00
Warrant Termination Date	May 02, 2021
Outstanding warrants, Beginning Balance	2,144,470
Warrants Issued
Warrants Exercised	(371)
Warrants Expired
Outstanding warrants, Ending Balance	2,144,099
Znwaf [Member] | Warrant Transactions [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.00
Warrant Termination Date	Aug. 14, 2021
Outstanding warrants, Beginning Balance	359,585
Warrants Issued
Warrants Exercised
Warrants Expired
Outstanding warrants, Ending Balance	359,585
Znwag [Member | Warrant Transactions [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.00
Warrant Termination Date	Jan. 08, 2021
Outstanding warrants, Beginning Balance	240,578
Warrants Issued
Warrants Exercised
Warrants Expired
Outstanding warrants, Ending Balance	240,578
Znwah [Member] | Warrant Transactions [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.00
Warrant Termination Date	Apr. 19, 2021
Outstanding warrants, Beginning Balance	372,400
Warrants Issued
Warrants Exercised
Warrants Expired
Outstanding warrants, Ending Balance	372,400
Znwai Warrants [Member] | Warrant Transactions [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.00
Warrant Termination Date	Jun. 29, 2021
Outstanding warrants, Beginning Balance	640,730
Warrants Issued
Warrants Exercised
Warrants Expired
Outstanding warrants, Ending Balance	640,730
Znwaj Warrants [Member] | Warrant Transactions [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.00
Warrant Termination Date	Oct. 29, 2021
Outstanding warrants, Beginning Balance	546,000
Warrants Issued
Warrants Exercised
Warrants Expired
Outstanding warrants, Ending Balance	546,000
Znwak Warrants [Member] | Warrant Transactions [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.01
Warrant Termination Date	Feb. 25, 2021
Outstanding warrants, Beginning Balance	457,725
Warrants Issued
Warrants Exercised	(7,300)
Warrants Expired
Outstanding warrants, Ending Balance	450,425
Znwal Warrants [Member] | Warrant Transactions [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.00
Warrant Termination Date	Aug. 26, 2021
Outstanding warrants, Beginning Balance	517,925
Warrants Issued
Warrants Exercised	(50)
Warrants Expired
Outstanding warrants, Ending Balance	517,875

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Stockholders' Equity (Details) - Schedule of warrants description - Investor [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 $ / shares
Znwaa Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Name	B
Period of Grant	March 2013 - December 2014
Expiration Date	January 31, 2021
Exercise Price	$ 2.00
Znwad Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Name	A,B
Period of Grant	January 2015 - March 2016
Expiration Date	May 02, 2021
Exercise Price	$ 1.00
Znwae Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Name	B
Period of Grant	November 2016 - March 2017
Expiration Date	May 01, 2021
Exercise Price	$ 1.00
Znwaf Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Name	A,B
Period of Grant	May 2017 - July 2017
Expiration Date	August 14, 2021
Exercise Price	$ 1.00
Znwag Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Period of Grant	October 2017 - December 2017
Expiration Date	January 08, 2021
Exercise Price	$ 1.00
Znwah Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Name	A,B
Period of Grant	February 2018
Expiration Date	April 2, 2021
Exercise Price	$ 5.00
Znwai Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Name	A,B
Period of Grant	April 2018 - May 2018
Expiration Date	June 29, 2021
Exercise Price	$ 3.00
Znwaj Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Name	B
Period of Grant	August 2018 - September 2018
Expiration Date	October 29, 2021
Exercise Price	$ 1.00
Znwak Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Name	B
Period of Grant	December 2018 - January 2019
Expiration Date	February 25, 2021
Exercise Price	$ 0.01
Znwal Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Period of Grant	July 2019 - August 2019
Expiration Date	August 26, 2021
Exercise Price	$ 2.00

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Unproved Oil and Gas Properties, Full Cost Method (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Oil and Gas Property [Abstract]
Inclusive of non-cash amounts	$ 62,000	$ 164,000	$ 139,000	$ 174,000

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Unproved Oil and Gas Properties, Full Cost Method (Details) - Schedule of changes in unproved oil and gas properties - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020		Jun. 30, 2019		Jun. 30, 2020		Jun. 30, 2019		Dec. 31, 2019
Unproved Oil and Gas Properties, Full Cost Method (Details) - Schedule of changes in unproved oil and gas properties [Line Items]
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs					$ 1,311				$ 1,227
Capitalized salary costs					1,856				1,759
Capitalized interest costs					1,049				990
Legal and seismic costs, license fees and other preparation costs					7,034				6,636
Other costs					36				25
Total unproved oil and gas properties, full cost method					11,286				$ 10,637
Oil and Gas Properties [Member]
Unproved Oil and Gas Properties, Full Cost Method (Details) - Schedule of changes in unproved oil and gas properties [Line Items]
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs	$ 84		$ 1		84		$ 1
Capitalized salary costs	51		43		97		89
Capitalized interest costs	39		28		59		38
Legal and seismic costs, license fees and other preparation costs	248		140		398		268
Other costs	4		9		11		11
Total unproved oil and gas properties, full cost method	$ 426	[1]	$ 221	[1]	$ 649	[2]	$ 407	[2]

[1] Inclusive of non-cash amounts of approximately $62,000, and $164,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively

[2] Inclusive of non-cash amounts of approximately $139,000, and $174,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively

XML

Unproved Oil and Gas Properties, Full Cost Method (Details) - Schedule of unproved oil and gas properties, full cost method - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019
Schedule of unproved oil and gas properties, full cost method [Abstract]
Drilling costs, and other operational related costs	$ 17	$ 159
Other costs	48	69
Changes in unproved oil and gas properties	$ 65	$ 228

XML

Senior Convertible Bonds (Details)		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	May 02, 2016 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	May 03, 2018
Senior Convertible Bonds (Details) [Line Items]
Principal amount		$ 3,246,700		$ 3,246,700		$ 3,249,500
Convertible bonds		3,470,000		3,470,000		$ 3,470,000
Debt discount on derivative liability		1,626,000		1,626,000
Interest expense		40,000	$ 54,000	$ 101,000	$ 111,000
Convertible Debt [Member]
Senior Convertible Bonds (Details) [Line Items]
Debt conversion, description				At any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding April 2, 2021, holders may convert their notes into Common Stock at the conversion rate of 44 shares per $100 bond (which is equivalent to a conversion rate of approximately $2.27 per share).
Principal amount		3,470,000		$ 3,470,000
Convertible bonds		1,844,000		1,844,000
Amortization expense		7,000	7,000	13,000	13,000
Amortization expense		101,000	94,000	217,000	187,000
Financing costs associated notes converted to shares		$ 1,000	$ 1,000	$ 3,000	$ 10,000
Debt instrument payment description				The Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at a rate of 10% per year, payable annually in arrears on May 2 of each year, commencing May 2, 2017.
Senior unsecured notes interest rate		10.00%		10.00%
Debt Issue [Member] | Convertible Debt [Member]
Senior Convertible Bonds (Details) [Line Items]
Debt instrument payment description				the Company paid its annual 10% interest to its bondholders of record on April 20, 2020. The interest was paid-in-kind (“PIK”) in the form of Common Stock. An average of the Company stock price of $0.182 was determined based on the 30 trading days prior to the record date of April 20, 2020. This figure was used to divide into 10% of the par value of the bonds held by the holders.
Average Company stock price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.182		$ 0.182
Stock issued to bondholders (in Shares) | shares				1,781,504
IPO [Member]
Senior Convertible Bonds (Details) [Line Items]
Debt conversion, description				Under the rights offering, the Company distributed at no cost, 360,000 non-transferable subscription rights to subscribe for, on a per right basis, two 10% Convertible Senior Bonds par $100 due May 2, 2021 (the “Notes”), to shareholders of the Company’s Common Stock on October 15, 2015, the record date for the offering. Each whole subscription right entitled the participant to purchase two convertible bonds at a purchase price of $100 per bond.
Principal amount	$ 3,470,000
Net proceeds from sale of the Notes	3,334,000
Expenses from rights offering	$ 136,000
IPO [Member] | Convertible Debt [Member]
Senior Convertible Bonds (Details) [Line Items]
Debt instrument payment description				The number of shares for the payment of principal, in lieu of the cash amount, shall be based upon the average of the closing price of the Company’s Common Stock as reported by Bloomberg L.P. for the 30 trading days preceding the principal repayment date; such record date has been designated as the trading day immediately prior to the 30-day period preceding the maturity date of May 2, 2021.
Senior unsecured notes interest rate							10.00%
Debt instrument, maturity date				May 02, 2021
IPO [Member] | Debt Issue [Member] | Convertible Debt [Member]
Senior Convertible Bonds (Details) [Line Items]
Number of convertible bonds		8	112	28	122
Convertible bond price		$ 100	$ 100	$ 100	$ 100
Convertible bonds purchase price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 2.27	$ 2.27	$ 2.27	$ 2.27
Common stock issued (in Shares) | shares		352	4,928	1,232	5,368
Financial expenses		$ (1,000)	$ 9,000	$ 3,000	$ 10,000
Interest expense		$ 39,000	$ 28,000	$ 59,000	$ 38,000

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Senior Convertible Bonds (Details) - Schedule of senior convertible bonds - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Schedule of senior convertible bonds [Abstract]
10% Senior Convertible Bonds, on the day of issuance	$ 3,470	$ 3,470
Unamortized Debt discount, net	(422)	(639)
Bonds converted to shares	(223)	(221)
Offering cost, net	(23)	(36)
10% senior Convertible bonds – Long Term Liability	$ 2,802	$ 2,574

XML

Derivative Liability (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative liability	$ (68,000)	$ 460,000	$ (52,000)	$ 82,000

XML

Derivative Liability (Details) - Schedule of fair value of derivative liabilities - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Derivative Liability (Details) - Schedule of fair value of derivative liabilities [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative liability	$ 181	$ 129
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Derivative Liability (Details) - Schedule of fair value of derivative liabilities [Line Items]
Fair value of derivative liability	$ 181	$ 129

XML

Derivative Liability (Details) - Schedule of change in fair value of derivative liability $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Schedule of change in fair value of derivative liability [Abstract]
Derivative liability fair value, beginning balance	$ 129
Loss on derivative liability	52
Derivative liability fair value, ending balance	$ 181

XML

Derivative Liability (Details) - Schedule of assumption used for the model of derivatives liabilities - USD ($)	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Schedule of assumption used for the model of derivatives liabilities [Abstract]
Convertible Option Fair Value of approximately (in Dollars)	$ 181,000	$ 129,000
Annual Risk-free Rate	0.16%	1.59%
Volatility	126.82%	121.68%
Expected Term (years)	306 days	1 year 124 days
Convertible Notes Face Value (in Dollars)	$ 3,246,700	$ 3,249,500
Expected annual yield on Regular Notes	28.77%	28.77%
Price of the Underlying Stock (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.30	$ 0.17

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Right of Use Leases Assets and Leases Obligations (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Right of Use Leases Assets and Leases Obligations [Abstract]
Operating lease costs	$ 61,000	$ 64,000	$ 122,000	$ 132,000
Operating lease liabilities	67,000	68,000	134,000	139,000
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 819,000

XML

Right of Use Leases Assets and Leases Obligations (Details) - Schedule of operating lease assets and liabilities - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Schedule of operating lease assets and liabilities [Abstract]
Operating lease assets	$ 530	$ 634
Operating lease liabilities:
Current operating lease liabilities	$ 236	$ 239
Non-current operating lease liabilities	335	450
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 571	$ 689

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Right of Use Leases Assets and Leases Obligations (Details) - Schedule of weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate for operating leases	Jun. 30, 2020
Schedule of weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate for operating leases [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	3 years
Weighted average discount rate	6.00%

XML

Right of Use Leases Assets and Leases Obligations (Details) - Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Schedule of future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases [Abstract]
July 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020	$ 261
2021	140
2022	140
2023	82
2024
Thereafter
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments	623
Less: portion representing imputed interest	(52)
Total undiscounted future minimum lease payments	$ 571

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2018	Jul. 18, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Advance deposit				$ 500,000
Legal claims	$ 142,000
Guarantee amount		$ 1,058,000	$ 1,058,000		$ 500,000
Commitments description			Furthermore, prior to drilling, an onshore license holder is required to deposit an additional bank guarantee in the amount as determined by the Petroleum Commissioner in accordance with the characteristics of the drilling and the drilling plan but no less than $250,000.
Bank guarantees to government bodies		976,000	$ 976,000
Bank guarantees to others		82,000	82,000
Amount paid to escrow agent with respect to the purchase of drilling rig			$ 1,000,000
Foreign currency exchange rate risks, description			During the period January 1, 2020 through June 30, 2020, the USD has fluctuated by approximately 0.3% against the NIS (the USD has strengthened relative to the NIS). By contrast, during the period January 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019, the USD fluctuated by approximately 7.8% against the NIS (the USD weakened relative to the NIS). Continued strengthening of the US dollar against the NIS will result in lower operating costs from NIS denominated expenses. To date, we have not hedged any of our currency exchange rate risks, but we may do so in the future.
Cash equivalents and short-term bank deposits		$ 10,340,000	$ 10,340,000
Weighted average annual interest rate		35.00%	43.00%

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Subsequent Events (Details)	Aug. 07, 2020 USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Member]
Subsequent Events (Details) [Line Items]
Amount collected from DSPP	$ 6,400,000