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EQUITY SECURITIES
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
EQUITY SECURITIES
9. EQUITY SECURITIES

Equity securities consist of the following (in thousands):
December 31,
20242023
Equity securities accounted for under the equity method under ASC 323$56,546 $114,827 
Equity securities accounted for under the equity method under the fair value option21,640 41,046 
Total equity securities$78,186 $155,873 

The following table includes our equity securities accounted for under the equity method (ASC 323) and related ownership interest as of December 31, 2024:
Ownership
interest
Medici Ventures, L.P.99%
tZERO Group, Inc.28%
SpeedRoute, LLC49%

The carrying amount of our equity method securities was $78.2 million at December 31, 2024, which is included in Equity securities on our consolidated balance sheets, of which $21.6 million is valued under the fair value option (tZERO and SpeedRoute). These investments are valued using Level 3 inputs, which represents 31.3% of assets measured at fair value. For our investments in Medici Ventures, L.P., tZERO, and SpeedRoute there is no difference in the carrying amount of the assets and liabilities and our maximum exposure to loss, and there is no difference between the carrying amount of our investment in Medici Ventures, L.P. and the amount of underlying equity we have in the entity's net assets.
The following table summarizes the net loss recognized on equity method securities recorded in Other expense, net in our consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):
Years ended December 31,
202420232022
Net loss recognized on our proportionate share of the net assets of our equity method securities$(58,281)$(98,663)$(25,435)
Decrease in fair value of equity method securities held under fair value option(19,406)(41,741)(38,488)

Regulation S-X Rules 4-08(g) and 3-09

In accordance with SEC Rules 4-08(g) and 3-09 of Regulation S-X, we must determine which, if any, of our equity method securities is a "significant subsidiary". Regulation S-X mandates the use of three different tests to determine if any of our equity securities are significant subsidiaries: the investment test, the asset test, and the income test. The table below provides the summarized financial information required by Rule 4-08(g) for those equity method securities in aggregate that have met the significance criteria, presented on a quarterly lag (in thousands):
December 31,
Balance Sheet20242023
Assets$63,546 $98,544 
Liabilities(17,985)(17,166)
Equity$(45,561)$(81,378)

Years ended December 31,
Results of Operations202420232022
Revenues$12,086 $26,404 $31,187 
Pre-tax loss(20,778)(19,895)(37,619)
Net loss(20,777)(20,169)(37,477)

In accordance with Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X, separate audited financial statements of Medici Ventures, L.P. for the periods ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022, their fiscal year-ends, are being included as Exhibit 99.3, Exhibit 99.2, and Exhibit 99.1, respectively, and as such are excluded from the table above. In addition, tZERO was deemed not significant for the year ended December 31, 2024, but was significant for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. In accordance with Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X, separate audited financial statements for tZERO for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, are being included as Exhibit 99.4