9. STOCK-BASED AWARDS

We have equity incentive plans that provide for the grant to employees and board members of stock-based awards, including stock options and restricted stock. Employee accounting applies to awards granted by the Company or subsidiary of the Company or subsidiary's shares only to its own employees, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense is classified within the corresponding operating expense categories on our consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):



	Three months ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Cost of goods sold — retail	$	53	$	47
Sales and marketing	389		441
Technology	915		1,227
General and administrative	1,911		2,270
Total stock-based compensation	$	3,268	$	3,985

Overstock restricted stock awards

The Overstock.com, Inc. Amended and Restated 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Plan") provides for the grant of incentive stock options to employees and directors of the Company and non-qualified stock options to consultants, as well as restricted stock units and other types of equity awards of the Company. These restricted stock awards generally vest over three years at 33.3% at the end of the first year, 33.3% at the end of the second year and 33.3% at the end of the third year, subject to the recipient's continuing service to us. In addition to our traditional equity awards, during the quarter ended March 31, 2019, we granted 502,765 restricted stock awards with a cumulative grant date fair value of $8.6 million which vested over a one-year period.

The cost of restricted stock units is determined using the fair value of our common stock on the date of the grant and compensation expense is either recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting schedule or on an accelerated schedule when vesting of restricted stock awards exceeds a straight-line basis. The cumulative amount of compensation expense recognized at any point in time is at least equal to the portion of the grant date fair value of the award that is vested at that date.

The following table summarizes restricted stock award activity during the three months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands, except per share data):



	Three months ended March 31, 2020
	Units		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding—beginning of year	1,051		$	26.22
Granted at fair value	436		9.03
Vested	(671	)	23.96
Forfeited	(79	)	28.35
Outstanding—end of period	737		$	17.88

Medici Ventures stock options

The Medici Ventures, Inc. 2017 Stock Option Plan, as amended, provides for the grant of options to employees and directors of and consultants to Medici Ventures to acquire up to approximately 9% of the authorized shares of Medici Ventures' common stock. Medici Ventures authorized 1.5 million shares, 900,000 of which are issued and outstanding to Overstock, and 130,000 of which are subject to the 2017 Stock Option Plan. The remaining 470,000 are authorized but unissued. Options vested under this plan expire at the end of ten years. No stock option awards were granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

tZERO equity awards

The tZERO Group, Inc. 2017 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, provides for grant of options and restricted stock to employees and directors of and consultants to tZERO to acquire up to 5% of the authorized shares of tZERO's common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, tZERO granted 10,000 restricted stock awards with a cumulative grant date fair value of $30,500 which will be expensed on a straight-line basis over a cliff vesting period of two years. No stock option awards were issued during the three months ended March 31, 2020.