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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] 
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of PresentationThe fiscal year of Foster Wheeler AG ends on December 31 of each calendar year. Foster Wheeler AG's fiscal quarters end on the last days of March, June and September. The fiscal years of our non-U.S. operations are the same as the parent's. The fiscal year of our U.S. operations is the 52- or 53-week annual accounting period ending on the last Friday in December.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of such financial statements have been included. Such adjustments only consisted of normal recurring items. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year.

The consolidated financial statements and notes are presented in accordance with the requirements of Form 10-Q and do not contain certain information included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (“2010 Form 10-K”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2011. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2010 was derived from the audited financial statements included in our 2010 Form 10-K, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for annual consolidated financial statements.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Principles of ConsolidationThe consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Foster Wheeler AG and all significant U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries, as well as certain entities in which we have a controlling interest. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Comprehensive income/(loss) is comprised of net income, as well as adjustments for foreign currency translation, derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges and pension and other postretirement benefits. Comprehensive income/(loss) for Foster Wheeler AG, noncontrolling interests and total equity were as follows:

 

  Quarter Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2011  2010  2011  2010
Comprehensive Income/(Loss):           
Foster Wheeler AG$ (3,916) $ 104,504 $ 149,083 $ 156,701
Noncontrolling interests  2,582   5,919   9,861   12,942
Total $ (1,334) $ 110,423 $ 158,944 $ 169,643

Use of EstimatesThe preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes in estimates are reflected in the periods in which they become known. Significant estimates are used in accounting for long-term contracts including estimates of total costs, progress toward completion and customer and vendor claims, employee benefit plan obligations and share-based compensation plans. In addition, we also use estimates when accounting for uncertain tax positions and deferred taxes, asbestos liabilities and expected recoveries and when assessing goodwill for impairment, among others.

Revenue Recognition on Long-Term ContractsRevenues and profits on long-term contracts are recorded under the percentage-of-completion method.

Progress towards completion on fixed-price contracts is measured based on physical completion of individual tasks for all contracts with a value of $5,000 or greater. For contracts with a value less than $5,000, progress toward completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to total estimated contract costs (the cost-to-cost method).

Progress towards completion on cost-reimbursable contracts is measured based on the ratio of quantities expended to total forecasted quantities, typically man-hours. Incentives are also recognized on a percentage-of-completion basis when the realization of an incentive is assessed as probable. We include flow-through costs consisting of materials, equipment or subcontractor services as both operating revenues and cost of operating revenues on cost-reimbursable contracts when we have overall responsibility as the contractor for the engineering specifications and procurement or procurement services for such costs. There is no contract profit impact of flow-through costs as they are included in both operating revenues and cost of operating revenues.

Contracts in process are stated at cost, increased for profits recorded on the completed effort, less billings to the customer and progress payments on uncompleted contracts. A full provision for loss contracts is made at the time the loss becomes probable regardless of the stage of completion.

At any point, we have numerous contracts in progress, all of which are at various stages of completion. Accounting for revenues and profits on long-term contracts requires estimates of total estimated contract costs and estimates of progress toward completion to determine the extent of revenue and profit recognition. These estimates may be revised as additional information becomes available or as specific project circumstances change. We review all of our material contracts on a monthly basis and revise our estimates as appropriate for developments such as earning project incentive bonuses, incurring or expecting to incur contractual liquidated damages for performance or schedule issues, providing services and purchasing third-party materials and equipment at costs differing from those previously estimated and testing completed facilities, which, in turn, eliminates or confirms completion and warranty-related costs. Project incentives are recognized when it is probable they will be earned. Project incentives are frequently tied to cost, schedule and/or safety targets and, therefore, tend to be earned late in a project's life cycle.

Changes in estimated final contract revenues and costs can either increase or decrease the final estimated contract profit. In the period in which a change in estimate is recognized, the cumulative impact of that change is recorded based on progress achieved through the period of change. The following table summarizes the number of separate projects that experienced final estimated contract profit revisions with an impact on contract profit in excess of $1,000 relating to the revaluation of work performed in prior periods:

 

  Quarter Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
   2011  2010  2011  2010
Number of separate projects   11   14   26   35
Net increase in contract profit from the regular           
 revaluation of final estimated contract profit revisions$ 9,500 $ 11,800 $ 23,300 $ 44,600

The changes in final estimated contract profit revisions during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 included the impact of two out-of-period corrections for reductions of final estimated profit totaling $7,800, which included final estimated profit reductions in our Global Engineering and Construction Group (“Global E&C Group”) and our Global Power Group of $3,200 and $4,600, respectively. The corrections were recorded in the first quarter and are included in the current nine month period as they were not material to previously issued financial statements, nor are they expected to be material to the full year 2011 financial statements.

Please see Note 11 for further information related to changes in final estimated contract profit and the impact on business segment results.

Claims are amounts in excess of the agreed contract price (or amounts not included in the original contract price) that we seek to collect from customers or others for delays, errors in specifications and designs, contract terminations, disputed or unapproved change orders as to both scope and price or other causes of unanticipated additional costs. We record claims as additional contract revenue if it is probable that the claims will result in additional contract revenue and if the amount can be reliably estimated. These two requirements are satisfied by the existence of all of the following conditions: the contract or other evidence provides a legal basis for the claim; additional costs are caused by circumstances that were unforeseen at the contract date and are not the result of deficiencies in our performance; costs associated with the claim are identifiable or otherwise determinable and are reasonable in view of the work performed; and the evidence supporting the claim is objective and verifiable. If such requirements are met, revenue from a claim may be recorded only to the extent that contract costs relating to the claim have been incurred. Costs attributable to claims are treated as costs of contract performance as incurred and are recorded in contracts in process.

Our consolidated financial statements included the following regarding commercial claims:

 

 September 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
Assumed recovery of commercial claims$ 10,500 $ 7,300
Claims yet to be incurred$ - $ -

In certain circumstances, we may defer pre-contract costs when it is probable that these costs will be recovered under a future contract. Such deferred costs would then be included in contract costs upon execution of the anticipated contract. Deferred pre-contract costs were inconsequential as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

Certain special-purpose subsidiaries in our Global Power Group business segment are reimbursed by customers for their costs of operating certain facilities over the lives of the corresponding service contracts. Depending on the specific legal rights and obligations under these arrangements, in some cases those reimbursements are treated as operating revenues at gross value and other cases as a reduction of cost.

Trade Accounts Receivable — Trade accounts receivable represent amounts billed to customers. In accordance with terms under our long-term contracts, our customers may withhold certain percentages of such billings until completion and acceptance of the work performed, which we refer to as retention receivables. Final payment of retention receivables might not be received within a one-year period. In conformity with industry practice, however, the full amount of accounts receivable, including such amounts withheld, are included in current assets on the consolidated balance sheet. We have not recorded a provision for the outstanding retention receivable balances as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

Variable Interest Entities We sometimes form separate legal entities such as corporations, partnerships and limited liability companies in connection with the execution of a single contract or project. Upon formation of each separate legal entity, we perform an evaluation to determine whether the new entity is a VIE, and whether we are the primary beneficiary of the new entity, which would require us to consolidate the new entity in our financial results. We reassess our initial determination on whether the entity is a VIE upon the occurrence of certain events and whether we are the primary beneficiary as outlined in current accounting guidelines. If the entity is not a VIE, we determine the accounting for the entity under the voting interest accounting guidelines.

An entity is determined to be a VIE if either (a) the total equity investment is not sufficient for the entity to finance its own activities without additional subordinated financial support, (b) characteristics of a controlling financial interest are missing (such as the ability to make decisions through voting or other rights or the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits), or (c) the voting rights of the equity holders are not proportional to their obligations to absorb losses of the entity and/or their rights to receive benefits of the entity, and substantially all of the entity's activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights.

As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, we participated in certain entities determined to be VIEs, including a gas-fired cogeneration facility in Martinez, California and a refinery/electric power generation project in Chile. We consolidate the operations of the Martinez project while we record our participation in the Chile based project on the equity method of accounting. Additionally, as of December 31, 2010 our waste-to-energy facility in Camden, New Jersey was determined to be a VIE due to the operating agreement in place at that time with the project sponsor. The operating agreement terminated as of the end of the second quarter of 2011, therefore the Camden project is no longer considered a VIE as of September 30, 2011. We consolidated the operations of the Camden project, as of December 31, 2010, because we were the primary beneficiary. Although the Camden project is no longer considered a VIE, we continued to consolidate the project as of September 30, 2011 because we own a 100% interest in the project.

Please see Note 3 for further information regarding our participation in these projects.

Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification, or FASB ASC, 820-10 defines fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value and provides guidance on required disclosures about fair value measurements. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs.

Our financial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis consist primarily of the assets or liabilities arising from derivative financial instruments and defined benefit pension plan assets. See Note 8 for further information regarding our derivative financial instruments.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate fair value:

Financial instruments valued independent of the fair value hierarchy:

  • Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash — The carrying value of our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash approximates fair value because of the demand nature of many of our deposits or short-term maturity of these instruments.

    Financial instruments valued within the fair value hierarchy:

  • Short-term InvestmentsShort-term investments primarily consist of deposits with maturities in excess of three months but less than one year. Short-term investments are carried at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value.
  • Long-term Debt — We estimate the fair value of our long-term debt (including current installments) based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or on the current rates offered for debt of the same remaining maturities using level 2 inputs.
  • Foreign Currency Forward Contracts — We estimate the fair value of foreign currency forward contracts by obtaining quotes from financial institutions or market transactions in either the listed or over-the-counter markets, which we further corroborate with observable market data using level 2 inputs.
  • Interest Rate Swaps — We estimate the fair value of our interest rate swaps based on quotes obtained from financial institutions, which we further corroborate with observable market data using level 2 inputs.
  • Defined Benefit Pension Plan Assets — In accordance with current accounting guidance, our valuations include the use of net asset values for commingled fund assets. For other defined benefit pension plan assets, we estimate the fair value at each year end based on quotes obtained from financial institutions. We further corroborate the above valuations with observable market data using level 1 and 2 inputs.

Retirement of Shares under Share Repurchase Program — On September 12, 2008, we announced a share repurchase program pursuant to which our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $750,000 of our outstanding shares and the designation of the repurchased shares for cancellation. On November 4, 2010, our Board of Directors proposed an increase to our share repurchase program of $335,000 and the designation of the repurchased shares for cancellation, which was approved by our shareholders at an extraordinary general meeting on February 24, 2011

Under Swiss law, the cancellation of shares previously repurchased under our share repurchase program must be approved by our shareholders. Repurchased shares remain as treasury shares on our balance sheet until cancellation. Based on the aggregate share repurchases under our program through September 30, 2011, we are authorized to repurchase up to an additional $260,601 of our outstanding shares.

Any repurchases will be made at our discretion in compliance with applicable securities laws and other legal requirements and will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions, share price and other factors.   The program does not obligate us to acquire any particular number of shares. The program has no expiration date and may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

All treasury shares are carried at cost on the consolidated balance sheet until the cancellation of the shares has been approved by our shareholders and the cancellation is registered with the commercial register of the Canton of Zug in Switzerland. Upon the effectiveness of the cancellation of the shares, the cost of the shares cancelled will be removed from treasury shares, on the consolidated balance sheet, the par value of the cancelled shares will be removed from registered shares, on the consolidated balance sheet, and the excess of the cost of the treasury shares above par value will be removed from paid-in capital, on the consolidated balance sheet.

We obtained specific shareholder approval for the cancellation of all treasury shares as of December 31, 2010 and amended our Articles of Association to reduce our share capital accordingly at our 2011 annual general meeting of shareholders on May 3, 2011. On July 22, 2011, the cancellation of shares was registered with the commercial register of the Canton of Zug in Switzerland. All shares acquired after December 31, 2010 will remain as treasury shares until shareholder approval for the cancellation is granted at a future general meeting of shareholders.

Once repurchased, treasury shares are no longer considered outstanding, which results in a reduction to the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period when calculating earnings per share, as described below.

Earnings per Share — Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Foster Wheeler AG by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period.

Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Foster Wheeler AG by the combination of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period and the impact of dilutive securities, if any, such as outstanding stock options and the non-vested portion of restricted share units to the extent such securities are dilutive.

In profitable periods, outstanding stock options have a dilutive effect under the treasury stock method when the average share price for the period exceeds the assumed proceeds from the exercise of the option. The assumed proceeds include the exercise price, compensation cost, if any, for future service that has not yet been recognized in the consolidated statement of operations, and any tax benefits that would be recorded in paid-in capital when the option is exercised. Under the treasury stock method, the assumed proceeds are assumed to be used to repurchase shares in the current period. The dilutive impact of the non-vested portion of restricted share units is determined using the treasury stock method, but the proceeds include only the unrecognized compensation cost and tax benefits as assumed proceeds.

The computations of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:

  Quarter Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
   2011  2010  2011  2010
             
Basic earnings per share:           
Net income attributable to Foster Wheeler AG$ 36,858 $ 51,720 $ 123,138 $ 182,638
Weighted-average number of shares           
 outstanding for basic earnings per share  118,611,912   125,459,735   121,852,185   126,810,748
Basic earnings per share$0.31 $0.41 $1.01 $1.44
             
Diluted earnings per share:           
Net income attributable to Foster Wheeler AG$ 36,858 $ 51,720 $ 123,138 $ 182,638
Weighted-average number of shares           
 outstanding for basic earnings per share  118,611,912   125,459,735   121,852,185   126,810,748
Effect of dilutive securities:           
 Options to purchase shares  61,399   60,199   250,526   148,650
 Non-vested portion of restricted share units  128,170   191,298   286,923   203,651
Weighted-average number of shares            
 outstanding for diluted earnings per share  118,801,481   125,711,232   122,389,634   127,163,049
Diluted earnings per share$0.31 $0.41 $1.01 $1.44

The following table summarizes options not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share as the exercise price of those options was greater than the average share price for the period, which would result in an antidilutive effect on diluted earnings per share:

  Quarter Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2011 2010 2011 2010
Options not included in the computation of        
  diluted earnings per share 1,627,086  3,049,055  1,423,399  2,855,367

Recent Accounting DevelopmentsIn June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2011-05, “Comprehensive Income.” ASU 2011-05 amends existing guidance in order to increase the prominence of items reported in other comprehensive income and eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in equity, the presentation format that we currently employ. Under ASU 2011-05, all non-owner changes in equity are required to be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. For public companies, ASU 2011-05 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2011. Although we have not yet determined the manner of presentation that we will select, the adoption of this standard, beginning with our consolidated financial statements included in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2012, will not have a material impact on our results of operation or financial position.

In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Testing Goodwill for Impairment.” ASU 2011-08 amends existing guidance in order to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. Previous guidance required an entity to test goodwill for impairment, at least annually, by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill.  If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then a second step of the test must be performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any.  Under the amended guidance, an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. ASU 2011-08 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2011 and early adoption is permitted. We test goodwill for impairment during our fourth quarter each year and plan to adopt this standard beginning with our consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011. We expect that the adoption will not have a material impact on our results of operation or financial position.