10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022

OR

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from __________________ to __________________

Commission file number 000-50626

CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	91-1707622
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
200 Connell Drive, Suite 1500 Berkeley Heights, New Jersey	07922
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (908) 517-7330

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	CYCC	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value	CYCCP	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting filer ☒
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 9, 2022 there were 9,994,989 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

INDEX

		Page
Part I.       Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	27
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	27
Part II.      Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	27
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	27
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	27
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	28
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	28
Item 5.	Other Information	28
Item 6.	Exhibits	28
SIGNATURE PAGE		29

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In $000s, except share, per share, and liquidation preference amounts)

(Unaudited)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	29,639	$	36,559
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		6,938		4,383
Total current assets		36,577		40,942
Property and equipment, net		57		64
Right-of-use lease asset		15		30
Non-current deposits		2,980		1,551
Total assets	$	39,629	$	42,587
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,850	$	2,117
Accrued and other current liabilities		3,354		3,177
Total current liabilities		6,204		5,294
Lease liability		15		30
Total liabilities		6,219		5,324
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022;
6% Convertible Exchangeable preferred stock; 335,273 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022. Aggregate preference in liquidation of  $4,006,512 as of December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022.		—		—
Series A convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 264 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022.		—		—
Series B convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 237,745 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022.		—		—
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022; 9,993,135 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022.		10		10
Additional paid-in capital		423,290		422,960
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(823)		(748)
Accumulated deficit		(389,067)		(384,959)
Total stockholders’ equity		33,410		37,263
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	39,629	$	42,587

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3

CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In $000s, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Revenues	$	—	$	—
Operating expenses:
Research and development		4,954		2,566
General and administrative		1,605		1,739
Total operating expenses		6,559		4,305
Operating loss		(6,559)		(4,305)
Other income (expense):
Foreign exchange gains (losses)		29		10
Interest income		4		4
Other income, net		1,280		126
Total other income, net		1,313		140
Loss before taxes		(5,246)		(4,165)
Income tax benefit		1,138		687
Net loss		(4,108)		(3,478)
Dividend on convertible exchangeable preferred shares		(50)		(50)
Net loss applicable to common shareholders	$	(4,158)	$	(3,528)
Basic and diluted earnings per common share:
Net loss per share – basic and diluted	$	(0.42)	$	(0.50)
Weighted average common shares outstanding		9,993,135		7,009,037

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4

CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In $000s)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Net loss	$	(4,108)	$	(3,478)
Translation adjustment		5,803		(1,583)
Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on intercompany loans		(5,878)		1,599
Comprehensive loss	$	(4,183)	$	(3,462)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5

CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In $000s, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

									Accumulated
							Additional		Other				Total
	Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Equity
Balances at December 31, 2020	573,282	$	—	6,246,896	$	6	$	400,071	$	(746)	$	(366,072)	$	33,259
Issue of common stock and associated warrants on underwritten offering, net of expenses	—		—	2,078,214		2		13,500		—		—		13,502
Warrant Exercises	—		—	909,000		1		4,544		—		—		4,545
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		255		—		—		255
Preferred stock dividends	—		—	—		—		(50)		—		—		(50)
Unrealized foreign exchange on intercompany loans	—		—	—		—		—		1,599		—		1,599
Translation adjustment	—		—	—		—		—		(1,583)		—		(1,583)
Loss for the period	—		—	—		—		—		—		(3,478)		(3,478)
Balances at March 31, 2021	573,282	$	—	9,234,110	$	9	$	418,320	$	(730)	$	(369,550)	$	48,049
Balances at December 31, 2021	573,282	$	—	9,993,135	$	10	$	422,960	$	(748)	$	(384,959)	$	37,263
Stock-based compensation	—		—	—		—		380		—		—		380
Preferred stock dividends	—		—	—		—		(50)		—		—		(50)
Unrealized foreign exchange on intercompany loans	—		—	—		—		—		(5,878)		—		(5,878)
Translation adjustment	—		—	—		—		—		5,803		—		5,803
Loss for the period	—		—	—		—		—		—		(4,108)		(4,108)
Balances at March 31, 2022	573,282	$	—	9,993,135	$	10	$	423,290	$	(823)	$	(389,067)	$	33,410

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

6

CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In $000s)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(4,108)	$	(3,478)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		9		9
Stock-based compensation		380		255
Changes in lease liability		—		(13)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(4,126)		(609)
Accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities		1,070		270
Net cash used in operating activities		(6,775)		(3,566)
Investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		(4)		(78)
Net cash used in investing activities		(4)		(78)
Financing activities:
Proceeds, net of issuance costs, from issuing common stock and warrants		—		18,047
Payment of preferred stock dividend		(50)		(50)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(50)		17,997
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(91)		18
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(6,920)		14,371
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		36,559		33,406
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	29,639	$	47,777
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash received during the period for:
Interest		4		5
Non cash financing activities:
Accrual of preferred stock dividends		50		50

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

7

CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.           Company Overview

Nature of Operations

Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Cyclacel” or the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing innovative cancer medicines based on cell cycle, transcriptional regulation and mitosis control biology. Cyclacel is a pioneer company in the field of cancer cell cycle biology with a vision to improve patient healthcare by translating insights in cancer biology into medicines that can overcome resistance and ultimately increase a patient’s overall survival.

Through March 31, 2022, substantially all efforts of the Company to date have been devoted to performing research and development, conducting clinical trials, developing and acquiring intellectual property, raising capital and recruiting and training personnel.

2.            Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022, the consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, and all related disclosures contained in the accompanying notes, are unaudited. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 30, 2022. The consolidated financial statements are presented on the basis of accounting principles that are generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for a complete set of financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022, and the results of operations, comprehensive loss, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, have been made. The interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022 or for any other reporting period. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2021 that are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2022.

Going Concern

Management considers that there are no conditions or events, in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date the financial statements are issued. The Company expects that its cash of approximately $29.6 million as of March 31, 2022 will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through June 30, 2023.

This evaluation is based on relevant conditions and events that are known and reasonably knowable at the date that the financial statements are issued, including:

a. The Company’s current financial condition, including its sources of liquidity;

b. The Company’s conditional and unconditional obligations due or anticipated within one year;

c. The funds necessary to maintain the Company’s operations considering its current financial condition, obligations, and other expected cash flows; and

d. Other conditions and events, when considered in conjunction with the above, that may adversely affect the Company’s ability to meet its obligations.

8

The future viability of the Company beyond the second quarter of 2023 is dependent on its ability to raise additional capital to finance its operations. The Company does not currently have sufficient funds to complete development and commercialization of any of its drug candidates. Additional funding may not be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all. If the Company is not able to secure additional funding when needed, it may have to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of its clinical trials or research and development programs or make changes to its operating plan. In addition, it may have to partner one or more of its product candidate programs at an earlier stage of development, which would lower the economic value of those programs to the Company. The Company’s inability to raise capital as and when needed could have a negative impact on its financial condition and ability to pursue its business strategies.

Accounting standards adopted in the period

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance. This ASU requires business entities to make annual disclosures about transactions with a government they account for by analogizing to a grant or contribution accounting model under ASC 958-605 or based on International Accounting Standard No. 20. ASU 2021-10 became effective for us on January 1, 2022. We have evaluated the effect that this guidance has on our Consolidated Financial Statements and determined it does not have a material impact.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). The new ASU addresses issuer’s accounting for certain modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options. This amendment became effective for us on January 1, 2022. This new guidance does not have a material impact on our financial statements for any past transactions, but it could change the way that we account for subsequent amendments to our outstanding warrants, if any.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)”. This standard provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform initiatives that would replace interbank offered rates, including the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). For example, modifications of lease contracts within the scope of ASC 842 solely for changes in reference rates would be accounted for as a continuation of the existing contracts with no reassessments of the lease classification and the discount rate. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company does not currently have any contracts affected by this guidance.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments consist of cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their respective fair values due to the nature of the accounts, notably their short maturities.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

All components of comprehensive income (loss), including net income (loss), are reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), including foreign currency translation adjustments, are reported, net of any related tax effect, to arrive at comprehensive income (loss). No taxes were recorded on items of other comprehensive income (loss). There were no reclassifications out of other comprehensive income (loss) during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

9

Revenue recognition

When the Company enters into contracts with customers, the Company recognizes revenue using the five step-model provided in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”):

(1) identify the contract with a customer;

(2) identify the performance obligations in the contract;

(3) determine the transaction price;

(4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

(5) recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The transaction price includes fixed payments and an estimate of variable consideration, including milestone payments. The Company determines the variable consideration to be included in the transaction price by estimating the most likely amount that will be received and then applies a constraint to reduce the consideration to the amount which is probable of being received. When applying the constraint, the Company considers:

● Whether achievement of a development milestone is highly susceptible to factors outside the entity’s influence, such as milestones involving the judgment or actions of third parties, including regulatory bodies;

● Whether the uncertainty about the achievement of the milestone is not expected to be resolved for a long period of time;

● Whether the Company can reasonably predict that a milestone will be achieved based on previous experience; and.

● The complexity and inherent uncertainty underlying the achievement of the milestone.

The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative selling price of each performance obligation. The best estimate of the selling price is determined after considering all reasonably available information, including market data and conditions, entity-specific factors such as the cost structure of the deliverable and internal profit and pricing objectives.

The revenue allocated to each performance obligation is recognized as or when the Company satisfies the performance obligation.

The Company recognizes a contract asset, when the value of satisfied (or part satisfied) performance obligations is in excess of the payment due to the Company, and deferred revenue when the amount of unconditional consideration is in excess of the value of satisfied (or part satisfied) performance obligations. Once a right to receive consideration is unconditional, that amount is presented as a receivable.

Grant revenue received from organizations that are not the Company’s customers, such as charitable foundations or government agencies, is presented as a reduction against the related research and development expenses.

Leases

The Company accounts for lease contracts in accordance with ASC 842. As of March 31, 2022, the Company’s one outstanding lease is classified as an operating lease.

The Company recognizes an asset for the right to use an underlying leased asset for the lease term and records lease liabilities based on the present value of the Company’s obligation to make lease payments under the lease. As the Company’s leases do not indicate an implicit rate, the Company uses a best estimate of its incremental borrowing rate to discount the future lease payments. The Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate based on observable information about risk-free interest rates that are the same tenure as the lease term, adjusted for various factors, including the effects of assumed collateral, the nature of how the loan is repaid (e.g., amortizing versus bullet), and the Company’s credit risk.

10

The Company evaluates options included in its lease agreements to extend or terminate the lease. The Company will reflect the effects of exercising those options in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. In assessing whether it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise an option, the Company considers factors such as:

● The lease payments due in any optional period;

● Penalties for failure to exercise (or not exercise) the option;

● Market factors, such as the availability of similar assets and current rental rates for such assets;

● The nature of the underlying leased asset and its importance to the Company’s operations; and

● The remaining useful lives of any related leasehold improvements.

Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments, if any, are recognized in the period when the obligation to make those payments is incurred. Lease incentives received prior to lease commencement are recorded as a reduction in the right-of-use asset. Fixed lease incentives received after lease commencement reduce both the lease liability and the right-of-use asset.

The Company has elected an accounting policy to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

3.           Revenue

There was no revenue recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company has no contract assets or liabilities in any period presented.

4.           Net Loss per Common Share

The Company calculates net loss per common share in accordance with ASC 260 “Earnings Per Share” (“ASC 260”). Basic and diluted net loss per common share was determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

The following potentially dilutive securities have not been included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, as the result would be anti-dilutive:

	March 31,	March 31,
	2022	2021
Stock options	1,360,856	676,352
6% convertible exchangeable preferred stock	85	85
Series A preferred stock	6,600	6,600
Series B preferred stock	1,188,725	1,188,725
Common stock warrants	3,234,379	3,234,379
Total shares excluded from calculation	5,790,645	5,106,141

5.            Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in $000s):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Research and development tax credit receivable	$	4,732	$	3,727
Prepayments and VAT receivable		667		577
Other current assets		1,539		79
	$	6,938	$	4,383

11

Receivables of $1.3 million are included in other current assets as of March 31, 2022. This relates to royalty payments receivable under a December 2005 Asset Purchase Agreement, or APA, whereby Xcyte Therapies, Inc., or Xcyte, (a business acquired by the Company in March 2006) sold certain assets and intellectual property to Thermo Fisher Scientific Company, or TSC, (formerly Invitrogen Corporation) through the APA and other related agreements. The assets and technology were not part of the Company’s product development plan following the transaction between Xcyte and Cyclacel in March 2006. Accordingly, the Company recognized $1.3 million of other income related to this transaction during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

6.            Non-Current Assets

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had non-current assets of $2.9 million, which comprised of clinical trial deposits held by a contract research organization in relation to the Company’s Phase 1/2 clinical trials.

7.            Accrued and Other Liabilities

Accrued and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in $000s):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Accrued research and development	$	2,844	$	2,310
Accrued legal and professional fees		392		233
Other current liabilities		118		634
	$	3,354	$	3,177

Other current liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was largely attributed to accrued payroll costs.

8.            Leases

The Company currently has one lease, relating to its facility in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey. On May 4, 2021, the Company assigned the operating lease relating to its facility in Dundee, Scotland to the University of Dundee, Scotland, incurring lease assignment costs of approximately $400,000, of which 50% was payable on assignment. The remaining 50% was due on May 4, 2022 and is recorded as a payable for the period ended March 31, 2022. The Company has no further obligations, liabilities or commitments in relation to this facility.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized operating lease expenses of $14,686 and $97,660 respectively. Cash payments made during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 totaled $15,435 and $102,348 respectively, and were presented within cash outflows from operating activities. The remaining lease term as of March 31, 2022 is approximately 0.3 years for the Berkeley Heights facility. The discount rate used by the Company in determining the lease liability was 12%.

Remaining payments for this facility are as follows (in $000s):

2022	$	21
2023		—
2024		—
2025		—
2026		—
Thereafter		—
	$	21

12

9.            Stock Based Compensation

ASC 718 requires compensation expense associated with share-based awards to be recognized over the requisite service period which, for the Company, is the period between the grant date and the date the award vests or becomes exercisable. Most of the awards granted by the Company (and still outstanding) vest ratably over one to four years. The Company recognizes all share-based awards under the straight-line attribution method, assuming that all granted awards will vest. Forfeitures are recognized in the periods when they occur.

Stock based compensation has been reported within expense line items on the consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 202 and 2021 as shown in the following table (in $000s):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
General and administrative	$	252	$	174
Research and development		128		81
Stock-based compensation costs before income taxes	$	380	$	255

2018 Plan

The 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) allows Cyclacel to make equity incentive grants to its officers, employees, directors and consultants. The 2018 Plan replaces the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). The 2018 Plan allows for various types of award grants, including stock options and restricted stock units. On April 25, 2022, the Board of Directors adopted a resolution approving, subject to approval by the Company’s stockholders, an amendment of the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares of Common Stock available for grant under the 2018 Plan by adding an additional 500,000 shares.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company has reserved 260,794 shares of the Company’s common stock under the 2018 Plan for future issuances, including shares that were available under the 2015 Plan and carried forward to the 2018 Plan. Stock option awards granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans have a maximum life of 10 years and generally vest over a one to four-year period from the date of grant.

2020 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan 

In October 2020, the Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (the “Inducement Plan”), became effective. Under the Inducement Plan, Cyclacel may make equity incentive grants to new senior level Employees (persons to whom the Company may issue securities without stockholder approval). The Inducement Plan allows for the issuance of up to 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (or the equivalent of such number). As of March 31, 2022, 120,000 shares under the Inducement Plan have been issued, leaving a remaining reserve of 80,000 shares.

Option Grants

There were 265,000 options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022. These options had a grant date fair value ranging between $2.62-$2.90 per option. There were 73,669 options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2021. These options had a grant date fair value ranging between $5.40-$6.14 per option. The fair value of the stock options granted is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model as prescribed by ASC 718 using the following assumptions:

	Three months ended	Three months ended
	March 31, 2022	March 31, 2021
Expected term (years)	5	5 – 6
Risk free interest rate	1.370% – 1.530%	0.420% – 0.585%
Volatility	93%	99 – 102%
Expected dividend yield over expected term	0.00%	0.00%

13

There were no stock options exercised during each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The Company does not expect to be able to benefit from the deduction for stock option exercises that may occur because the company has tax loss carryforwards from prior periods that would be expected to offset any potential taxable income.

Outstanding Options

A summary of the share option activity and related information is as follows:

				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
	Number of	Average		Remaining	Aggregate
	Options	Exercise		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Outstanding	Price Per Share		Term (Years)	Value ($000)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2021	1,099,357	$	7.53	8.99	$	189
Granted	265,000	$	3.64	—		—
Exercised	—
Cancelled/forfeited	(3,500)	$	5.49
Options outstanding at March 31, 2022	1,360,857	$	6.77	8.94	$	—
Unvested at March 31, 2022	973,597	$	4.00	9.40	$	—
Vested and exercisable at March 31, 2022	387,260	$	13.74	7.80	$	—

Restricted Stock Units

The Company issued 14,000 restricted stock units to employees during the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company issued 3,938 additional restricted stock units to employees during the year ended December 31, 2020, of which 1,491 units have been forfeited. The vesting of the remaining 16,524 outstanding restricted stock units was dependent upon the fulfillment of certain clinical conditions. The Company determined that the clinical conditions would not be satisfied as of December 31, 2021 and, as a result, these restricted stock units were cancelled as of December 31, 2021.

The Company issued an additional 18,992 restricted stock units to employees during the year ended December 31, 2021. These restricted stock units will vest over a period of one or three years. Each restricted stock unit was valued at $6.69 based on their fair value at the date of grant, which is equivalent to the market price of a share of the Company’s common stock. No restricted stock units were issued during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Summarized information for restricted stock units’ activity for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 is as follows:

		Weighted
		Average
	Restricted	Grant Date
	Stock Units	Value Per Share
Restricted Stock Units outstanding at December 31, 2021	18,992	$	6.69
Restricted Stock Units outstanding at March 31, 2022	18,992	$	6.69
Unvested at March 31, 2022	18,992	$	6.69
Vested and exercisable at March 31, 2022	—	$	—

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10.            Stockholders Equity

August 2021 Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement

On August 12, 2021, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. ("Cantor"), pursuant to which it may issue and sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $10.0 million through Cantor as the sales agent. Cantor may sell the Company’s common stock by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act.

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, Cantor will use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time, based upon the Company's instructions, including any price, time or size limits specified by the Company. The Company has provided Cantor with customary indemnification rights, and Cantor will be entitled to a commission at a fixed rate equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds per share sold. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares and may at any time suspend sales under the Sales Agreement or terminate the Sales Agreement. As of March 31, 2022, a total of 752,425 shares, for gross proceeds of approximately $4.0 million, have been sold pursuant to this agreement. A further 1,854 shares, for gross proceeds of approximately $6,000, were sold subsequent to March 31, 2022. 

March 2021 Equity Financing

On March 12, 2021, the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc., as representative of the underwriters identified therein (collectively, the “Underwriters”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell 1,807,143 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, at a public offering price of $7.00 per share (the “Offering”) along with a 30-day overallotment option to purchase up to an additional 271,071 shares of common stock at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions.

The closing of the offering occurred on March 16, 2021, and the net proceeds to the Company (including exercise of the over-allotment option) were approximately $13.5 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

December 2020 Equity Financing

On December 18, 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Acorn Bioventures, LP (the “Purchaser”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer, issue and sell to the Purchaser, (i) in a registered direct offering, (a) an aggregate of 485,912 shares (the “Common Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), and (b) an aggregate of 237,745 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Shares,” and collectively with the Common Shares, the “Shares”), par value $0.001 per share (“Series B Preferred Stock”), and (ii) in a concurrent private placement, warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 669,854 shares (the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock.

 The combined purchase price for each Share, together with one Warrant to purchase 0.4 shares of Common Stock, is $4.18. Each Warrant shall be exercisable beginning on the 12-month anniversary of the date of issuance for a period of five years after the date of issuance, at an exercise price of $4.13 per Warrant Share. The exercise price of the Warrants will be subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividends and splits, reverse stock split, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction, as described in the Warrants. The Warrants may be exercised on a “cashless” basis.

Each share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock will convert into five shares of Common Stock.

The conversion feature within the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was determined to be beneficial as of the offering date. A beneficial conversion feature is defined as a nondetachable conversion feature that is "in-the-money" at issuance. The Company calculated the value of the beneficial conversion feature based on its intrinsic value, which is the difference between the “effective conversion price” (after allocating the proceeds of the offering between the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, the Warrants and Common Stock issued) and the market price of the Company's common

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shares, multiplied by the number of shares into which the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible. The effective conversion price of $3.18 per share is different from the $4.18 per share contractual conversion price.  

As the series B Preferred Stock contained no stated redemption date and the conversion feature could be exercised at any time, the discount associated with the beneficial conversion feature was immediately charged against additional paid-in-capital and treated as a deemed dividend for both financial reporting and earnings per share purposes.

The common stock, Warrants and Series B Preferred Stock are freestanding financial instruments. The Warrants are classified within equity (as a component of additional paid-in capital) in the consolidated balance sheet and are not remeasured on a recurring basis. The Series B Preferred Stock is classified within permanent equity in the consolidated balance sheet.

The closing of the offering occurred on December 22, 2020 and the net proceeds to the Company were approximately $6.9 million, after deducting offering expenses payable by the Company.

As of March 31, 2022, 237,745 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock remained issued and outstanding.

April 2020 Equity Financing

On April 21, 2020, the Company entered into a co-placement agency agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC, Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., and Brookline Capital Markets, a division of Arcadia Securities, LLC (the “Co-Placement Agents”) and a securities purchase agreement with certain purchasers for the purchase and sale of (i) 1,910,000 shares of common stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,090,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share, and (iii) accompanying common stock warrants to purchase up to 4,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share. The shares of common stock and accompanying common stock warrants were sold at a combined public offering price of $5.00 per share and common stock warrant. Each common stock warrant sold with the shares of common stock represents the right to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share.  The common stock warrants are exercisable immediately and expire five years from the date of issuance.

The pre-funded warrants and accompanying common stock warrants were sold at a combined public offering price of $4.999 per pre-funded warrant and common stock warrant. The pre-funded warrants were sold to purchasers whose purchase of shares of common stock in the public offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of the Company’s outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of the public offering, in lieu of shares of common stock. Each pre-funded warrant represents the right to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share. The pre-funded warrants are exercisable immediately and may be exercised at any time until the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. The shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants, and accompanying common stock warrants, were issued separately and are immediately separable upon issuance.

The closing of the offering occurred on April 24, 2020, and the net proceeds to the Company were approximately $18.3 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

Subsequent to the closing of the offering, all of the pre-funded warrants issued in connection therewith were converted into 2,090,000 shares of common stock.

Warrants

December 2020 Warrants

As of March 31, 2022, warrants to purchase 669,854 remained outstanding. Each warrant shall be exercisable beginning on the 12-month anniversary of the date of issuance for a period of five years after the date of issuance, at an exercise price of $4.13 per Warrant Share. The exercise price of the Warrants will be subject to adjustment in the event

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of any stock dividends and splits, reverse stock split, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction, as described in the warrants. The warrants may be exercised on a “cashless” basis.

There were no exercises of these warrants during the three months ended March 31, 2022 or March 31, 2021.

April 2020 Warrants

As of March 31, 2022, 2,190,000 warrants issued in connection with the April 2020 equity financing remained outstanding, each with an exercise price of $5.00. All such warrants were issued in connection with the April 2020 co-placement agency agreement. The common warrants are immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting the Company’s common stock. The common warrants were issued separately from the common stock and were eligible for transfer immediately after issuance. A common warrant to purchase one share of common stock was issued for every share of common stock purchased in this offering.

The common warrants are exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to the Company a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of the Company’s common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the common warrant to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% of the outstanding common stock immediately after exercise, except that upon at least 61 days prior notice from the holder to the Company, the holder may increase the amount of ownership of outstanding stock after exercising the holder’s common warrants up to 9.99% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the common warrants. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a common warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, the Company will round down to the next whole share.

There were no warrants exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2022, and a total of 909,000 warrants exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

July 2017 Warrants

As of March 31, 2022, 374,525 warrants issued in connection with the July 2017 underwritten public offering remained outstanding, each with an exercise price of $40.00. All such warrants were issued in connection with the July 2017 underwritten public offering and are immediately exercisable. The warrants expire in 2024. Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its warrants if the holder (together with such holder’s affiliates, and any persons acting as a group together with such holder or any of such holder’s affiliates) would beneficially own a number of shares of common stock in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of the shares of our Common Stock then outstanding after giving effect to such exercise.

The exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of recapitalization events, stock dividends, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications, reorganizations or similar events affecting the Company’s common stock. The warrant holders must pay the exercise price in cash upon exercise of the warrants, unless such warrant holders are utilizing the cashless exercise provision of the warrants. On the expiration date, unexercised warrants will automatically be exercised via the “cashless” exercise provision.

Prior to the exercise of any warrants to purchase common stock, holders of the warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the common stock purchasable upon exercise, including the right to vote, except as set forth therein.

There were no exercises of these warrants during the three months ended March 31, 2022 or March 31, 2021.

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Series A Preferred Stock

8,872 shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock were issued in the July 2017 underwritten public offering. During the year ended December 31, 2017, 8,608 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock were converted into 215,200 shares of common stock. As of March 31, 2022, 264 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock remained issued and outstanding.

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder thereof, into a number of shares of common stock determined by dividing $1,000 by the initial conversion price of $40.00 per share, subject to a 4.99% blocker provision, or, upon election by a holder prior to the issuance of shares of Series A Preferred Stock, 9.99%, and is subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, distributions, subdivisions and combinations. The 264 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 are convertible into 6,600 shares of common stock.

In the event of a liquidation, the holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be permitted to participate on an as-converted-to-common-stock basis in any distribution of assets of the Company. The Company shall not pay any dividends on shares of common stock (other than dividends in the form of common stock) unless and until such time as dividends on each share of Series A Preferred Stock are paid on an as-converted basis. There is no restriction on the Company’s ability to repurchase shares of Series A Preferred Stock while there is any arrearage in the payment of dividends on such shares, and there are no sinking fund provisions applicable to the Series A Preferred Stock.

Subject to certain conditions, at any time following the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock, the Company has the right to cause each holder of the Series A Preferred Stock to convert all or part of such holder’s Series A Preferred Stock in the event that (i) the volume weighted average price of our common stock for 30 consecutive trading days (the “Measurement Period”) exceeds 300% of the initial conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock (subject to adjustment for forward and reverse stock splits, recapitalizations, stock dividends and similar transactions), (ii) the daily trading volume on each Trading Day during such Measurement Period exceeds $500,000 per trading day and (iii) the holder is not in possession of any information that constitutes or might constitute, material non-public information which was provided by the Company. The right to cause each holder of the Series A Preferred Stock to convert all or part of such holder’s Series A Preferred Stock shall be exercised ratably among the holders of the then outstanding preferred stock.

The Series A Preferred Stock has no maturity date, will carry the same dividend rights as the common stock, and with certain exceptions, contains no voting rights. In the event of any liquidation or dissolution of the Company, the Series A Preferred Stock ranks senior to the common stock in the distribution of assets, to the extent legally available for distribution.

6% Convertible Exchangeable Preferred Stock

As of March 31, 2022, there were 335,273 shares of the Company’s 6% Convertible Exchangeable Preferred Stock (the “6% Preferred Stock”) issued and outstanding at an issue price of $10.00 per share. Dividends on the 6% Preferred Stock are cumulative from the date of original issuance at the annual rate of 6% of the liquidation preference of the 6% Preferred Stock, payable quarterly on the first day of February, May, August and November, commencing February 1, 2005. Any dividends must be declared by the Company’s board of directors and must come from funds that are legally available for dividend payments. The 6% Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference of $10.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends. As of March 31, 2022, accrued and unpaid dividends amounted to $50,291.

The Company may automatically convert the 6% Preferred Stock into common stock if the per share closing price of the Company’s common stock has exceeded $59,220, which is 150% of the conversion price of the 6% Preferred Stock, for at least 20 trading days during any 30 day trading period, ending within five trading days prior to notice of automatic conversion.

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The 6% Preferred Stock has no maturity date and no voting rights prior to conversion into common stock, except under limited circumstances.

The Company may, at its option, redeem the 6% Preferred Stock in whole or in part, out of funds legally available at the redemption price of $10.00 per share.

The 6% Preferred Stock is exchangeable, in whole but not in part, at the option of the Company on any dividend payment date beginning on November 1, 2005 (the “Exchange Date”) for the Company’s 6% Convertible Subordinated Debentures (the “Debentures”) at the rate of $10.00 principal amount of Debentures for each share of 6% Preferred Stock. The Debentures, if issued, will mature 25 years after the Exchange Date and have substantially similar terms to those of the 6% Preferred Stock. No such exchanges have taken place to date.

11.          Subsequent Events

Dividends on 6% Preferred Stock

On March 9, 2022, the board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend in the amount of $0.15 per share on the Company’s 6% Preferred Stock. The cash dividend was paid on May 1, 2022 to the holders of record of the 6% Preferred Stock as of the close of business on April 14, 2022.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including, without limitation, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1933 as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We intend that the forward-looking statements be covered by the safe harbor for forward-looking statements in the Exchange Act. The forward-looking information is based on various factors and was derived using numerous assumptions. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, that address activities, events or developments that we intend, expect, project, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. Such statements are based upon certain assumptions and assessments made by our management in light of their experience and their perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate. These forward-looking statements are usually accompanied by words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “intend” and similar expressions.

Forward-looking statements necessarily involve risks and uncertainties, and our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward looking statements due to a number of factors, including those set forth in Part I, Item 1A, entitled “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as updated and supplemented by Part II, Item 1A, entitled “Risk Factors,” of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and elsewhere in this report. These factors as well as other cautionary statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, should be read and understood as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear herein. The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q represent our judgment as of the date hereof. We encourage you to read those descriptions carefully. We caution you not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this report. These statements, like all statements in this report, speak only as of the date of this report (unless an earlier date is indicated) and we undertake no obligation to update or revise the statements except as required by law. Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results will likely differ, perhaps materially, from those suggested by such forward-looking statements. In this report, “Cyclacel,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company working to develop innovative cancer medicines based on cell cycle, transcriptional regulation and mitosis control biology. We are a pioneer company in the field of cancer cell cycle biology with a vision to improve patient healthcare by translating insights in cancer biology into medicines that can overcome resistance and ultimately increase a patient’s overall survival. Our primary focus has been on our transcriptional regulation program which is evaluating fadraciclib, a CDK2/9 inhibitor, in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The anti-mitotic program is evaluating CYC140, a PLK1 inhibitor, in advanced cancers.

We are evaluating oral fadraciclib and CYC140 in our Phase1/2 streamlined studies the aim of which is to assess safety and identify signals of clinical activity which may lead to registration-enabling outcomes.

Fadraciclib Phase 1/2 Study in Advanced Solid Tumors and Lymphomas (065-101; NCT#04983810)

In this ongoing study, thirteen patients have been treated in five dose escalation levels so far. The proof-of-concept stage includes 7 histologically defined cohorts thought to be sensitive to the drug’s mechanism: breast, colorectal (including KRAS mutant), endometrial/ uterine, hepatobiliary, ovarian cancers and lymphomas. An additional basket cohort will enroll patients regardless of histology with biomarkers relevant to the drug’s mechanism, including MCL1, MYC and/or cyclin E amplified.

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Fadraciclib Phase 1/2 Study in Hematological Malignancies (065-102; NCT#05168904)

In this ongoing study three patients have been treated in the first dose escalation level. The proof-of-concept stage, where fadraciclib will be administered both as a single agent as well as in combination, includes 7 histologically defined cohorts which will include patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) who have an inadequate response or have progressed on venetoclax combinations with hypomethylating agent (HMA) or low dose Ara C; relapsed/refractory AML or MDS patients. The trial will also include patients with CLL who have progressed after at least two lines of therapy including a BTK inhibitor and/or venetoclax.

CYC140 Phase 1/2 Study in Hematological Malignancies (140-101; NCT#05358379)

The first patient was dosed in this study in April 2022. Similar to fadraciclib this Phase 1/2 registration-directed trial uses a streamlined design and will first determine in a dose escalation stage the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) for single-agent CYC140. Once RP2D has been established, the trial will immediately enter into proof-of-concept, cohort stage, using a Simon 2-stage design. In this stage CYC140 will be administered to patients in up to 7 mechanistically-relevant cohorts including patients with bladder, breast, colorectal (including KRAS mutant), hepatocellular and biliary tract, and lung cancers (both small cell and non-small cell), as well as lymphomas. An additional basket cohort will enroll patients with biomarkers relevant to the drug’s mechanism, including MYC amplified tumors. The protocol allows for expansion of individual cohorts based on response which may allow acceleration of the clinical development and registration plan for CYC140.

We currently retain virtually all marketing rights worldwide to the compounds associated with our drug programs.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

Revenues

Revenues for each of the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were $0.

The future

There are no active collaboration, licensing, or clinical supply agreements and we do not anticipate any revenues for the foreseeable future.

Research and development expenses

From our inception, we have focused on drug discovery and development programs, with a particular emphasis on orally available anticancer agents, and our research and development expenses have represented costs incurred to discover and develop novel small molecule therapeutics, including clinical trial costs for fadraciclib, CYC140, sapacitabine, and seliciclib. We have also incurred costs in the advancement of product candidates toward clinical and preclinical trials and the development of in-house research to advance our biomarker program and technology platforms. We expense all research and development costs as they are incurred. Research and development expenses primarily include:

● Clinical trial and regulatory-related costs;

● Payroll and personnel-related expenses, including consultants and contract research organizations;

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● Preclinical studies, supplies and materials;

● Technology license costs;

● Stock-based compensation; and

● Rent and facility expenses for our offices.

The following table provides information with respect to our research and development expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in $000s except percentages):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Difference
	2022		2021		$		%
Transcriptional Regulation (fadraciclib)	$	3,645	$	1,662	$	1,983	119
Anti-mitotic (CYC140)		1,122		679		443	65
DNA Damage Response (sapacitabine)		40		93		(53)	(57)
Other research and development programs and expenses		147		132		15	11
Total research and development expenses	$	4,954	$	2,566	$	2,388	93

Total research and development expenses represented 76% and 60% of our operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Research and development expenses increased by $2.4 million from $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 to $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Expenditure for the transcriptional regulation program increased by $2.0 million relative to the respective comparative period. This was due to an increase in clinical trial costs of $1.7 million associated with the progression of clinical trials for the evaluation of fadraciclib in Phase 1/2 studies and an increase in non-clinical expenditure of $0.3 million. Research and development expenses relating to CYC140 increased by $0.4 million relative to the respective comparative period due to clinical trial costs associated with the opening of clinical trial sites for the evaluation of CYC140 in Phase 1/2 studies.

The future

We continue to anticipate that overall research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 will increase compared to the year ended December 31, 2021 as we progress our clinical development programs.

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General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses include costs for administrative personnel, legal and other professional expenses and general corporate expenses. The following table summarizes the general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in $000s except percentages):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Difference
	2022		2021		$		%
Total general and administrative expenses	$	1,605	$	1,739	$	(134)	(8)

Total general and administration expenses represented 24% and 40% of our operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.1 million from $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 to $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as a result of lower professional and recruitment costs.

The future

We expect general and administrative expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2022 to reduce slightly compared to our expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2021, due to lower recruitment and professional costs.

Other income (expense), net

The following table summarizes other income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in $000 except percentages):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Difference
	2022		2021		$		%
Foreign exchange gains	$	29	$	10	$	19	190
Interest income		4		4		—	—
Other income, net		1,280		126		1,154	916
Total other income	$	1,313		140	$	1,173	838

Total other income increased by $1.2 million from $140,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 to $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Other income relates to royalties receivable under a December 2005 Asset Purchase Agreement, or APA, whereby Xcyte Therapies, Inc., or Xcyte (a business acquired by us in March 2006) sold certain assets and intellectual property to ThermoFisher Scientific Company, or TSC (formerly Invitrogen Corporation) through the APA and other related agreements. The assets and technology were not part of our product development plan following the transaction between Xcyte and Cyclacel in March 2006. Accordingly, we presented $1.3 million and $126,000 as other income arising from sales related to this transaction during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 respectively.

Foreign exchange gains (losses)

Foreign exchange gains increased by $19,000, from $10,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021, to $29,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The future

Other income (expense), net for the year ended December 31, 2022, will continue to be impacted by changes in foreign exchange rates and the receipt of income under the APA. As we are not in control of sales made by TSC, we are unable to estimate the level and timing of income under the APA, if any.

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Because the nature of funding advanced through intercompany loans is that of a long-term investment, unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses on such funding will be recognized in other comprehensive income until repayment of the intercompany loan becomes foreseeable.

Income tax benefit

Credit is taken for research and development tax credits, which are claimed from the United Kingdom’s revenue and customs authority, or HMRC, in respect of qualifying research and development costs incurred.

The following table summarizes total income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in $000s except percentages):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Difference
	2022		2021		$		%
Total income tax benefit	$	1,138	$	687	$	451	66

The total income tax benefit, which comprised of research and development tax credits recoverable, increased significantly by approximately $0.5 million from $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The level of tax credits recoverable is linked directly to qualifying research and development expenditure incurred in any one year and the availability of trading losses.

The future

We expect to continue to be eligible to receive United Kingdom research and development tax credits for the foreseeable future and will continue to elect to receive payment of the tax credit. The amount of tax credits we will receive is entirely dependent on the amount of eligible expenses we incur and could be restricted by any future cap introduced by HMRC. As we expect our eligible expenses to be higher in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the level of tax credits recoverable is anticipated to be higher in 2022 compared to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following is a summary of our key liquidity measures as of March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in $000s):

	March 31,
	2022		2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	29,639	$	47,777
Working capital:
Current assets	$	36,577	$	50,463
Current liabilities		(6,204)		(2,772)
Total working capital	$	30,373	$	47,691

Since our inception, we have relied primarily on the proceeds from sales of common and preferred equity securities to finance our operations and internal growth. Additional funding has come through research and development tax credits, government grants, the sale of product rights, interest on investments and licensing revenue. We have incurred significant losses since our inception. As of March 31, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $ 389.1 million.

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Cash Flows

Cash used in operating, investing and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 is summarized as follows (in $000s):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022		2021
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(6,775)	$	(3,566)
Net cash used in investing activities		(4)		(78)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(50)		17,997

Operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities increased by $3.2 million, from $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 to $6.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in cash used by operating activities was primarily the result of an increase in net loss of $0.6 million due to increased clinical activities and a change in working capital of $2.6 million.

Investing activities

Net cash used by investing activities decreased by $74,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 predominantly due to decreased capital expenditures.

Financing activities

Net cash from financing activities decreased by approximately $18.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 comprised approximately $13.5 million in net proceeds from the issuance of common stock under an underwriting agreement with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc., and approximately $4.5 million from warrant exercises associated with a co-placement agency agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC, Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., and Brookline Capital Markets, a division of Arcadia Securities, LLC. This was partially offset by payment of preferred dividends. There were no similar capital raising activities in the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Operating Capital and Capital Expenditure Requirements

We expect to continue to incur substantial operating losses in the future and cannot guarantee that we will generate any significant product revenues until a product candidate has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) in other countries and successfully commercialized.

We believe that existing funds together with cash generated from operations, such as recent financing activities and the R&D tax credit, are sufficient to satisfy our planned working capital, capital expenditures and other financial commitments through June 30, 2023. However, we do not currently have sufficient funds to complete development and commercialization of any of our drug candidates. Current business and capital market risks could have a detrimental effect on the availability of sources of funding and our ability to access them in the future, which may delay or impede our progress of advancing our drugs currently in the clinical pipeline to approval by the FDA or EMA for commercialization. Additionally, we plan to continue to evaluate in-licensing and acquisition opportunities to gain access to new drugs or drug targets that would fit with our strategy. Any such transaction would likely increase our funding needs in the future.

Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including but not limited to:

● the rate of progress and cost of our clinical trials, preclinical studies and other discovery and research and development activities;

25

● the costs associated with establishing manufacturing and commercialization capabilities;

● the extent to which the coronavirus impacts our financial condition and operations, which will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the ultimate duration of the pandemic, the emergence of new geographic hotspots, the re-emergence of subsequent outbreaks, travel restrictions, quarantines, social distancing and business closure requirements in the United States and in other countries, and the effectiveness of actions taken globally to contain and treat the disease;

● the costs of acquiring or investing in businesses, product candidates and technologies;

● the costs of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights;

● the costs and timing of seeking and obtaining FDA and EMA approvals;

● the effect of competing technological and market developments; and

● the economic and other terms and timing of any collaboration, licensing or other arrangements into which we may enter.

Until we can generate a sufficient amount of product revenue to finance our cash requirements, which we may never do, we expect to finance future cash needs primarily through public or private equity offerings, debt financings or strategic collaborations. Although we are not reliant on institutional credit finance and therefore not subject to debt covenant compliance requirements or potential withdrawal of credit by banks, we are reliant on the availability of funds and activity in equity markets. We do not know whether additional funding will be available on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are not able to secure additional funding when needed, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our clinical trials or research and development programs or make changes to our operating plan. In addition, we may have to partner one or more of our product candidates at an earlier stage of development, which would lower the economic value of those programs to us.

Impact of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to global supply chain challenges, which have negatively impacted the availability and cost of materials. The global outbreak of COVID-19 has also adversely affected our clinical trials with regards to the pace of patient enrollment as a result of restrictions on travel and/or transport of clinical materials, as well as diversion of hospital staff and resources to COVID-19 infected patients. The extent to which COVID-19 will continue to impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the duration of the pandemic, the severity of COVID-19 or new variants or the effectiveness of actions to contain and treat COVID-19 and its variants, particularly in the geographies where we or our third-party suppliers, contract manufacturers, or contract research organizations operate. At this time, we are unable to fully estimate the impact of the pandemic or current geopolitical turmoil on its financial condition or operations, but either or both could materially affect our ability to raise future capital or to conduct clinical studies on a timely basis.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our critical accounting policies are those policies which require the most significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We evaluate our estimates, judgments, and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. A summary of our critical accounting policies is presented in Part II, Item 7, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended

26

December 31, 2021 and Note 2 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide information in response to this item.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness, as of March 31, 2022, of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Based upon such evaluation, our chief executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer have concluded that, as of March 31, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information we are required to disclose in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, under the Exchange Act (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no significant changes made in our internal controls over financial. As the “Work from Home” environment continues, there has been no significant changes in our internal controls over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitation on the Effectiveness of Internal Controls

The effectiveness of any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, is subject to inherent limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing, operating, and evaluating the controls and procedures, and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. Accordingly, any system of internal control over financial reporting, including ours, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable, not absolute, assurances. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. We intend to continue to monitor and upgrade our internal controls as necessary or appropriate for our business but cannot ensure that such improvements will be sufficient to provide us with effective internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

None.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to our risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. For a further discussion of our Risk Factors, refer to Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

27

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101	The following materials from Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2022, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (iv) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104	The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022, formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (included with Exhibit 101).

28

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned.

	CYCLACEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Date: May 12, 2022	By:	/s/ Paul McBarron
		Paul McBarron
		Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President, Finance

29

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Spiro Rombotis, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2022 of Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting: and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 12, 2022

/s/ Spiro Rombotis

Spiro Rombotis

President & Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Paul McBarron, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2022 of Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 12, 2022

/s/ Paul McBarron

Paul McBarron

Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer

and Executive Vice President, Finance

(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. s 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ( the “Company”) hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

(i) the Quarterly Report on Form10-Q of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2022 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 12, 2022	/s/ Spiro Rombotis
	Spiro Rombotis
	President & Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. s 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ( the “Company”) hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

(i) the Quarterly Report on Form10-Q of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2022 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 12, 2022	/s/ Paul McBarron
	Paul McBarron
	Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer
	and Executive Vice President, Finance

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	May 09, 2022
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2022
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-50626
Entity Registrant Name	Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	91-1707622
Entity Address, Address Line One	200 Connell Drive
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 1500
Entity Address, City or Town	Berkeley Heights
Entity Address, State or Province	NJ
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	07922
City Area Code	908
Local Phone Number	517-7330
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Entity Central Index Key	0001130166
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		9,994,989
Common Stock
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
Trading Symbol	CYCC
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Preferred Stock
Title of 12(b) Security	Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value
Trading Symbol	CYCCP
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 29,639	$ 36,559
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,938	4,383
Total current assets	36,577	40,942
Property and equipment, net	57	64
Right-of-use lease asset	15	30
Non-current deposits	2,980	1,551
Total assets	39,629	42,587
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,850	2,117
Accrued and other current liabilities	3,354	3,177
Total current liabilities	6,204	5,294
Lease liability	15	30
Total liabilities	6,219	5,324
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022; 9,993,135 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022.	10	10
Additional paid-in capital	423,290	422,960
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(823)	(748)
Accumulated deficit	(389,067)	(384,959)
Total stockholders' equity	33,410	37,263
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	39,629	42,587
6% convertible exchangeable preferred stock
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022;
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022;
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2021 and March 31, 2022;

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	9,993,135	9,993,135
Common stock, shares outstanding	9,993,135	9,993,135
6% convertible exchangeable preferred stock
Preferred stock, shares issued	335,273	335,273
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	335,273	335,273
Dividend rate on convertible exchangeable preferred stock (in percent)	6.00%	6.00%
Preferred stock, liquidation preference value (in dollars)	$ 4,006,512	$ 4,006,512
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares issued	264	264
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	264	264
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares issued	237,745	237,745
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	237,745	237,745

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Revenues:
Revenues	$ 0	$ 0
Operating expenses:
Research and development	4,954	2,566
General and administrative	1,605	1,739
Total operating expenses	6,559	4,305
Operating loss	(6,559)	(4,305)
Other income (expense):
Foreign exchange gains (losses)	29	10
Interest income	4	4
Other income, net	1,280	126
Total other income, net	1,313	140
Loss before taxes	(5,246)	(4,165)
Income tax benefit	1,138	687
Net loss	(4,108)	(3,478)
Dividend on convertible exchangeable preferred shares	(50)	(50)
Net loss applicable to common shareholders	$ (4,158)	$ (3,528)
Basic and diluted earnings per common share:
Net loss per share - basic	$ (0.42)	$ (0.50)
Net loss per share - diluted	$ (0.42)	$ (0.50)
Weighted average common shares outstanding basic	9,993,135	7,009,037
Weighted average common shares outstanding diluted	9,993,135	7,009,037

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Net loss	$ (4,108)	$ (3,478)
Translation adjustment	5,803	(1,583)
Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on intercompany loans	(5,878)	1,599
Comprehensive loss	$ (4,183)	$ (3,462)

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020		$ 6	$ 400,071	$ (746)	$ (366,072)	$ 33,259
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020	573,282	6,246,896
Issue of common stock and associated warrants on underwritten offering, net of expenses		$ 2	13,500			13,502
Issue of common stock and associated warrants on underwritten offering, net of expenses (in shares)		2,078,214
Warrant Exercises		$ 1	4,544			4,545
Warrant Exercises (in shares)		909,000
Stock-based compensation			255			255
Preferred stock dividends			(50)			(50)
Unrealized foreign exchange on intercompany loans				1,599		1,599
Translation adjustment				(1,583)		(1,583)
Loss for the period					(3,478)	(3,478)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2021		$ 9	418,320	(730)	(369,550)	48,049
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2021	573,282	9,234,110
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021		$ 10	422,960	(748)	(384,959)	37,263
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021	573,282	9,993,135
Stock-based compensation			380			380
Preferred stock dividends			(50)			(50)
Unrealized foreign exchange on intercompany loans				(5,878)		(5,878)
Translation adjustment				5,803		5,803
Loss for the period					(4,108)	(4,108)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022		$ 10	$ 423,290	$ (823)	$ (389,067)	$ 33,410
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022	573,282	9,993,135

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Operating activities:
Net loss	$ (4,108)	$ (3,478)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	9	9
Stock-based compensation	380	255
Changes in lease liability		(13)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(4,126)	(609)
Accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities	1,070	270
Net cash used in operating activities	(6,775)	(3,566)
Investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(4)	(78)
Net cash used in investing activities	(4)	(78)
Financing activities:
Proceeds, net of issuance costs, from issuing common stock and warrants		18,047
Payment of preferred stock dividend	(50)	(50)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(50)	17,997
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(91)	18
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(6,920)	14,371
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	36,559	33,406
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	29,639	47,777
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest	4	5
Non cash financing activities:
Accrual of preferred stock dividends	$ 50	$ 50

XML

Company Overview

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Company Overview

Company Overview

1.           Company Overview

Nature of Operations

Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Cyclacel” or the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing innovative cancer medicines based on cell cycle, transcriptional regulation and mitosis control biology. Cyclacel is a pioneer company in the field of cancer cell cycle biology with a vision to improve patient healthcare by translating insights in cancer biology into medicines that can overcome resistance and ultimately increase a patient’s overall survival.

Through March 31, 2022, substantially all efforts of the Company to date have been devoted to performing research and development, conducting clinical trials, developing and acquiring intellectual property, raising capital and recruiting and training personnel.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2.            Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022, the consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, and all related disclosures contained in the accompanying notes, are unaudited. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 30, 2022. The consolidated financial statements are presented on the basis of accounting principles that are generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for a complete set of financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022, and the results of operations, comprehensive loss, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, have been made. The interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022 or for any other reporting period. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2021 that are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2022.

Going Concern

Management considers that there are no conditions or events, in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date the financial statements are issued. The Company expects that its cash of approximately $29.6 million as of March 31, 2022 will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through June 30, 2023.

This evaluation is based on relevant conditions and events that are known and reasonably knowable at the date that the financial statements are issued, including:

a. The Company’s current financial condition, including its sources of liquidity;

b. The Company’s conditional and unconditional obligations due or anticipated within one year;

c. The funds necessary to maintain the Company’s operations considering its current financial condition, obligations, and other expected cash flows; and

d. Other conditions and events, when considered in conjunction with the above, that may adversely affect the Company’s ability to meet its obligations.

The future viability of the Company beyond the second quarter of 2023 is dependent on its ability to raise additional capital to finance its operations. The Company does not currently have sufficient funds to complete development and commercialization of any of its drug candidates. Additional funding may not be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all. If the Company is not able to secure additional funding when needed, it may have to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of its clinical trials or research and development programs or make changes to its operating plan. In addition, it may have to partner one or more of its product candidate programs at an earlier stage of development, which would lower the economic value of those programs to the Company. The Company’s inability to raise capital as and when needed could have a negative impact on its financial condition and ability to pursue its business strategies.

Accounting standards adopted in the period

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance. This ASU requires business entities to make annual disclosures about transactions with a government they account for by analogizing to a grant or contribution accounting model under ASC 958-605 or based on International Accounting Standard No. 20. ASU 2021-10 became effective for us on January 1, 2022. We have evaluated the effect that this guidance has on our Consolidated Financial Statements and determined it does not have a material impact.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). The new ASU addresses issuer’s accounting for certain modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options. This amendment became effective for us on January 1, 2022. This new guidance does not have a material impact on our financial statements for any past transactions, but it could change the way that we account for subsequent amendments to our outstanding warrants, if any.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)”. This standard provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform initiatives that would replace interbank offered rates, including the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). For example, modifications of lease contracts within the scope of ASC 842 solely for changes in reference rates would be accounted for as a continuation of the existing contracts with no reassessments of the lease classification and the discount rate. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company does not currently have any contracts affected by this guidance.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments consist of cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their respective fair values due to the nature of the accounts, notably their short maturities.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

All components of comprehensive income (loss), including net income (loss), are reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), including foreign currency translation adjustments, are reported, net of any related tax effect, to arrive at comprehensive income (loss). No taxes were recorded on items of other comprehensive income (loss). There were no reclassifications out of other comprehensive income (loss) during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

Revenue recognition

When the Company enters into contracts with customers, the Company recognizes revenue using the five step-model provided in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”):

(1) identify the contract with a customer;

(2) identify the performance obligations in the contract;

(3) determine the transaction price;

(4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

(5) recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The transaction price includes fixed payments and an estimate of variable consideration, including milestone payments. The Company determines the variable consideration to be included in the transaction price by estimating the most likely amount that will be received and then applies a constraint to reduce the consideration to the amount which is probable of being received. When applying the constraint, the Company considers:

● Whether achievement of a development milestone is highly susceptible to factors outside the entity’s influence, such as milestones involving the judgment or actions of third parties, including regulatory bodies;

● Whether the uncertainty about the achievement of the milestone is not expected to be resolved for a long period of time;

● Whether the Company can reasonably predict that a milestone will be achieved based on previous experience; and.

● The complexity and inherent uncertainty underlying the achievement of the milestone.

The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative selling price of each performance obligation. The best estimate of the selling price is determined after considering all reasonably available information, including market data and conditions, entity-specific factors such as the cost structure of the deliverable and internal profit and pricing objectives.

The revenue allocated to each performance obligation is recognized as or when the Company satisfies the performance obligation.

The Company recognizes a contract asset, when the value of satisfied (or part satisfied) performance obligations is in excess of the payment due to the Company, and deferred revenue when the amount of unconditional consideration is in excess of the value of satisfied (or part satisfied) performance obligations. Once a right to receive consideration is unconditional, that amount is presented as a receivable.

Grant revenue received from organizations that are not the Company’s customers, such as charitable foundations or government agencies, is presented as a reduction against the related research and development expenses.

Leases

The Company accounts for lease contracts in accordance with ASC 842. As of March 31, 2022, the Company’s one outstanding lease is classified as an operating lease.

The Company recognizes an asset for the right to use an underlying leased asset for the lease term and records lease liabilities based on the present value of the Company’s obligation to make lease payments under the lease. As the Company’s leases do not indicate an implicit rate, the Company uses a best estimate of its incremental borrowing rate to discount the future lease payments. The Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate based on observable information about risk-free interest rates that are the same tenure as the lease term, adjusted for various factors, including the effects of assumed collateral, the nature of how the loan is repaid (e.g., amortizing versus bullet), and the Company’s credit risk.

The Company evaluates options included in its lease agreements to extend or terminate the lease. The Company will reflect the effects of exercising those options in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. In assessing whether it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise an option, the Company considers factors such as:

● The lease payments due in any optional period;

● Penalties for failure to exercise (or not exercise) the option;

● Market factors, such as the availability of similar assets and current rental rates for such assets;

● The nature of the underlying leased asset and its importance to the Company’s operations; and

● The remaining useful lives of any related leasehold improvements.

Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments, if any, are recognized in the period when the obligation to make those payments is incurred. Lease incentives received prior to lease commencement are recorded as a reduction in the right-of-use asset. Fixed lease incentives received after lease commencement reduce both the lease liability and the right-of-use asset.

The Company has elected an accounting policy to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

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Revenue

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Revenue [Abstract]

Revenue

3.           Revenue

There was no revenue recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company has no contract assets or liabilities in any period presented.

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Net Loss per Common Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Net Loss per Common Share

Net Loss per Common Share

4.           Net Loss per Common Share

The Company calculates net loss per common share in accordance with ASC 260 “Earnings Per Share” (“ASC 260”). Basic and diluted net loss per common share was determined by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.

The following potentially dilutive securities have not been included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, as the result would be anti-dilutive:

	March 31,	March 31,
	2022	2021
Stock options	1,360,856	676,352
6% convertible exchangeable preferred stock	85	85
Series A preferred stock	6,600	6,600
Series B preferred stock	1,188,725	1,188,725
Common stock warrants	3,234,379	3,234,379
Total shares excluded from calculation	5,790,645	5,106,141

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Prepaid Expenses And Other Current Assets [Abstract]

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

5.            Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in $000s):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Research and development tax credit receivable	$	4,732	$	3,727
Prepayments and VAT receivable		667		577
Other current assets		1,539		79
	$	6,938	$	4,383

Receivables of $1.3 million are included in other current assets as of March 31, 2022. This relates to royalty payments receivable under a December 2005 Asset Purchase Agreement, or APA, whereby Xcyte Therapies, Inc., or Xcyte, (a business acquired by the Company in March 2006) sold certain assets and intellectual property to Thermo Fisher Scientific Company, or TSC, (formerly Invitrogen Corporation) through the APA and other related agreements. The assets and technology were not part of the Company’s product development plan following the transaction between Xcyte and Cyclacel in March 2006. Accordingly, the Company recognized $1.3 million of other income related to this transaction during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

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Non-Current Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Non-Current Assets [Abstract]

Non-Current Assets

6.            Non-Current Assets

As of March 31, 2022, the Company had non-current assets of $2.9 million, which comprised of clinical trial deposits held by a contract research organization in relation to the Company’s Phase 1/2 clinical trials.

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Accrued and Other Current Liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Accrued and Other Current Liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued and Other Current Liabilities

7.            Accrued and Other Liabilities

Accrued and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in $000s):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Accrued research and development	$	2,844	$	2,310
Accrued legal and professional fees		392		233
Other current liabilities		118		634
	$	3,354	$	3,177

Other current liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was largely attributed to accrued payroll costs.

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Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

8.            Leases

The Company currently has one lease, relating to its facility in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey. On May 4, 2021, the Company assigned the operating lease relating to its facility in Dundee, Scotland to the University of Dundee, Scotland, incurring lease assignment costs of approximately $400,000, of which 50% was payable on assignment. The remaining 50% was due on May 4, 2022 and is recorded as a payable for the period ended March 31, 2022. The Company has no further obligations, liabilities or commitments in relation to this facility.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized operating lease expenses of $14,686 and $97,660 respectively. Cash payments made during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 totaled $15,435 and $102,348 respectively, and were presented within cash outflows from operating activities. The remaining lease term as of March 31, 2022 is approximately 0.3 years for the Berkeley Heights facility. The discount rate used by the Company in determining the lease liability was 12%.

Remaining payments for this facility are as follows (in $000s):

2022	$	21
2023		—
2024		—
2025		—
2026		—
Thereafter		—
	$	21

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Stock Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Stock Based Compensation [Abstract]

Stock Based Compensation

9.            Stock Based Compensation

ASC 718 requires compensation expense associated with share-based awards to be recognized over the requisite service period which, for the Company, is the period between the grant date and the date the award vests or becomes exercisable. Most of the awards granted by the Company (and still outstanding) vest ratably over one to four years. The Company recognizes all share-based awards under the straight-line attribution method, assuming that all granted awards will vest. Forfeitures are recognized in the periods when they occur.

Stock based compensation has been reported within expense line items on the consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 202 and 2021 as shown in the following table (in $000s):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
General and administrative	$	252	$	174
Research and development		128		81
Stock-based compensation costs before income taxes	$	380	$	255

2018 Plan

The 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) allows Cyclacel to make equity incentive grants to its officers, employees, directors and consultants. The 2018 Plan replaces the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). The 2018 Plan allows for various types of award grants, including stock options and restricted stock units. On April 25, 2022, the Board of Directors adopted a resolution approving, subject to approval by the Company’s stockholders, an amendment of the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares of Common Stock available for grant under the 2018 Plan by adding an additional 500,000 shares.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company has reserved 260,794 shares of the Company’s common stock under the 2018 Plan for future issuances, including shares that were available under the 2015 Plan and carried forward to the 2018 Plan. Stock option awards granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans have a maximum life of 10 years and generally vest over a one to four-year period from the date of grant.

2020 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan 

In October 2020, the Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (the “Inducement Plan”), became effective. Under the Inducement Plan, Cyclacel may make equity incentive grants to new senior level Employees (persons to whom the Company may issue securities without stockholder approval). The Inducement Plan allows for the issuance of up to 200,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (or the equivalent of such number). As of March 31, 2022, 120,000 shares under the Inducement Plan have been issued, leaving a remaining reserve of 80,000 shares.

Option Grants

There were 265,000 options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022. These options had a grant date fair value ranging between $2.62-$2.90 per option. There were 73,669 options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2021. These options had a grant date fair value ranging between $5.40-$6.14 per option. The fair value of the stock options granted is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model as prescribed by ASC 718 using the following assumptions:

	Three months ended	Three months ended
	March 31, 2022	March 31, 2021
Expected term (years)	5	5 – 6
Risk free interest rate	1.370% – 1.530%	0.420% – 0.585%
Volatility	93%	99 – 102%
Expected dividend yield over expected term	0.00%	0.00%

There were no stock options exercised during each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The Company does not expect to be able to benefit from the deduction for stock option exercises that may occur because the company has tax loss carryforwards from prior periods that would be expected to offset any potential taxable income.

Outstanding Options

A summary of the share option activity and related information is as follows:

				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
	Number of	Average		Remaining	Aggregate
	Options	Exercise		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Outstanding	Price Per Share		Term (Years)	Value ($000)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2021	1,099,357	$	7.53	8.99	$	189
Granted	265,000	$	3.64	—		—
Exercised	—
Cancelled/forfeited	(3,500)	$	5.49
Options outstanding at March 31, 2022	1,360,857	$	6.77	8.94	$	—
Unvested at March 31, 2022	973,597	$	4.00	9.40	$	—
Vested and exercisable at March 31, 2022	387,260	$	13.74	7.80	$	—

Restricted Stock Units

The Company issued 14,000 restricted stock units to employees during the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company issued 3,938 additional restricted stock units to employees during the year ended December 31, 2020, of which 1,491 units have been forfeited. The vesting of the remaining 16,524 outstanding restricted stock units was dependent upon the fulfillment of certain clinical conditions. The Company determined that the clinical conditions would not be satisfied as of December 31, 2021 and, as a result, these restricted stock units were cancelled as of December 31, 2021.

The Company issued an additional 18,992 restricted stock units to employees during the year ended December 31, 2021. These restricted stock units will vest over a period of one or three years. Each restricted stock unit was valued at $6.69 based on their fair value at the date of grant, which is equivalent to the market price of a share of the Company’s common stock. No restricted stock units were issued during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Summarized information for restricted stock units’ activity for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 is as follows:

		Weighted
		Average
	Restricted	Grant Date
	Stock Units	Value Per Share
Restricted Stock Units outstanding at December 31, 2021	18,992	$	6.69
Restricted Stock Units outstanding at March 31, 2022	18,992	$	6.69
Unvested at March 31, 2022	18,992	$	6.69
Vested and exercisable at March 31, 2022	—	$	—

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Stockholders Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders Equity

10.            Stockholders Equity

August 2021 Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement

On August 12, 2021, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. ("Cantor"), pursuant to which it may issue and sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $10.0 million through Cantor as the sales agent. Cantor may sell the Company’s common stock by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act.

Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, Cantor will use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time, based upon the Company's instructions, including any price, time or size limits specified by the Company. The Company has provided Cantor with customary indemnification rights, and Cantor will be entitled to a commission at a fixed rate equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds per share sold. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the shares and may at any time suspend sales under the Sales Agreement or terminate the Sales Agreement. As of March 31, 2022, a total of 752,425 shares, for gross proceeds of approximately $4.0 million, have been sold pursuant to this agreement. A further 1,854 shares, for gross proceeds of approximately $6,000, were sold subsequent to March 31, 2022. 

March 2021 Equity Financing

On March 12, 2021, the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Oppenheimer & Co. Inc., as representative of the underwriters identified therein (collectively, the “Underwriters”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell 1,807,143 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, at a public offering price of $7.00 per share (the “Offering”) along with a 30-day overallotment option to purchase up to an additional 271,071 shares of common stock at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions.

The closing of the offering occurred on March 16, 2021, and the net proceeds to the Company (including exercise of the over-allotment option) were approximately $13.5 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

December 2020 Equity Financing

On December 18, 2020, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Acorn Bioventures, LP (the “Purchaser”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to offer, issue and sell to the Purchaser, (i) in a registered direct offering, (a) an aggregate of 485,912 shares (the “Common Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), and (b) an aggregate of 237,745 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Shares,” and collectively with the Common Shares, the “Shares”), par value $0.001 per share (“Series B Preferred Stock”), and (ii) in a concurrent private placement, warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 669,854 shares (the “Warrant Shares”) of Common Stock.

 The combined purchase price for each Share, together with one Warrant to purchase 0.4 shares of Common Stock, is $4.18. Each Warrant shall be exercisable beginning on the 12-month anniversary of the date of issuance for a period of five years after the date of issuance, at an exercise price of $4.13 per Warrant Share. The exercise price of the Warrants will be subject to adjustment in the event of any stock dividends and splits, reverse stock split, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction, as described in the Warrants. The Warrants may be exercised on a “cashless” basis.

Each share of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock will convert into five shares of Common Stock.

The conversion feature within the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock was determined to be beneficial as of the offering date. A beneficial conversion feature is defined as a nondetachable conversion feature that is "in-the-money" at issuance. The Company calculated the value of the beneficial conversion feature based on its intrinsic value, which is the difference between the “effective conversion price” (after allocating the proceeds of the offering between the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, the Warrants and Common Stock issued) and the market price of the Company's common

shares, multiplied by the number of shares into which the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock is convertible. The effective conversion price of $3.18 per share is different from the $4.18 per share contractual conversion price.  

As the series B Preferred Stock contained no stated redemption date and the conversion feature could be exercised at any time, the discount associated with the beneficial conversion feature was immediately charged against additional paid-in-capital and treated as a deemed dividend for both financial reporting and earnings per share purposes.

The common stock, Warrants and Series B Preferred Stock are freestanding financial instruments. The Warrants are classified within equity (as a component of additional paid-in capital) in the consolidated balance sheet and are not remeasured on a recurring basis. The Series B Preferred Stock is classified within permanent equity in the consolidated balance sheet.

The closing of the offering occurred on December 22, 2020 and the net proceeds to the Company were approximately $6.9 million, after deducting offering expenses payable by the Company.

As of March 31, 2022, 237,745 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock remained issued and outstanding.

April 2020 Equity Financing

On April 21, 2020, the Company entered into a co-placement agency agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC, Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., and Brookline Capital Markets, a division of Arcadia Securities, LLC (the “Co-Placement Agents”) and a securities purchase agreement with certain purchasers for the purchase and sale of (i) 1,910,000 shares of common stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 2,090,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share, and (iii) accompanying common stock warrants to purchase up to 4,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share. The shares of common stock and accompanying common stock warrants were sold at a combined public offering price of $5.00 per share and common stock warrant. Each common stock warrant sold with the shares of common stock represents the right to purchase one share of common stock at an exercise price of $5.00 per share.  The common stock warrants are exercisable immediately and expire five years from the date of issuance.

The pre-funded warrants and accompanying common stock warrants were sold at a combined public offering price of $4.999 per pre-funded warrant and common stock warrant. The pre-funded warrants were sold to purchasers whose purchase of shares of common stock in the public offering would otherwise result in the purchaser, together with its affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of the Company’s outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of the public offering, in lieu of shares of common stock. Each pre-funded warrant represents the right to purchase one share of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $0.001 per share. The pre-funded warrants are exercisable immediately and may be exercised at any time until the pre-funded warrants are exercised in full. The shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants, and accompanying common stock warrants, were issued separately and are immediately separable upon issuance.

The closing of the offering occurred on April 24, 2020, and the net proceeds to the Company were approximately $18.3 million, after deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company.

Subsequent to the closing of the offering, all of the pre-funded warrants issued in connection therewith were converted into 2,090,000 shares of common stock.

Warrants

December 2020 Warrants

As of March 31, 2022, warrants to purchase 669,854 remained outstanding. Each warrant shall be exercisable beginning on the 12-month anniversary of the date of issuance for a period of five years after the date of issuance, at an exercise price of $4.13 per Warrant Share. The exercise price of the Warrants will be subject to adjustment in the event

of any stock dividends and splits, reverse stock split, recapitalization, reorganization or similar transaction, as described in the warrants. The warrants may be exercised on a “cashless” basis.

There were no exercises of these warrants during the three months ended March 31, 2022 or March 31, 2021.

April 2020 Warrants

As of March 31, 2022, 2,190,000 warrants issued in connection with the April 2020 equity financing remained outstanding, each with an exercise price of $5.00. All such warrants were issued in connection with the April 2020 co-placement agency agreement. The common warrants are immediately exercisable and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the original issuance date. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting the Company’s common stock. The common warrants were issued separately from the common stock and were eligible for transfer immediately after issuance. A common warrant to purchase one share of common stock was issued for every share of common stock purchased in this offering.

The common warrants are exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to the Company a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of shares of the Company’s common stock purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of the common warrant to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% of the outstanding common stock immediately after exercise, except that upon at least 61 days prior notice from the holder to the Company, the holder may increase the amount of ownership of outstanding stock after exercising the holder’s common warrants up to 9.99% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the common warrants. No fractional shares of common stock will be issued in connection with the exercise of a common warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, the Company will round down to the next whole share.

There were no warrants exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2022, and a total of 909,000 warrants exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

July 2017 Warrants

As of March 31, 2022, 374,525 warrants issued in connection with the July 2017 underwritten public offering remained outstanding, each with an exercise price of $40.00. All such warrants were issued in connection with the July 2017 underwritten public offering and are immediately exercisable. The warrants expire in 2024. Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its warrants if the holder (together with such holder’s affiliates, and any persons acting as a group together with such holder or any of such holder’s affiliates) would beneficially own a number of shares of common stock in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of the shares of our Common Stock then outstanding after giving effect to such exercise.

The exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of recapitalization events, stock dividends, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications, reorganizations or similar events affecting the Company’s common stock. The warrant holders must pay the exercise price in cash upon exercise of the warrants, unless such warrant holders are utilizing the cashless exercise provision of the warrants. On the expiration date, unexercised warrants will automatically be exercised via the “cashless” exercise provision.

Prior to the exercise of any warrants to purchase common stock, holders of the warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the common stock purchasable upon exercise, including the right to vote, except as set forth therein.

There were no exercises of these warrants during the three months ended March 31, 2022 or March 31, 2021.

Series A Preferred Stock

8,872 shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock were issued in the July 2017 underwritten public offering. During the year ended December 31, 2017, 8,608 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock were converted into 215,200 shares of common stock. As of March 31, 2022, 264 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock remained issued and outstanding.

Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the option of the holder thereof, into a number of shares of common stock determined by dividing $1,000 by the initial conversion price of $40.00 per share, subject to a 4.99% blocker provision, or, upon election by a holder prior to the issuance of shares of Series A Preferred Stock, 9.99%, and is subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, distributions, subdivisions and combinations. The 264 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding at March 31, 2022 are convertible into 6,600 shares of common stock.

In the event of a liquidation, the holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be permitted to participate on an as-converted-to-common-stock basis in any distribution of assets of the Company. The Company shall not pay any dividends on shares of common stock (other than dividends in the form of common stock) unless and until such time as dividends on each share of Series A Preferred Stock are paid on an as-converted basis. There is no restriction on the Company’s ability to repurchase shares of Series A Preferred Stock while there is any arrearage in the payment of dividends on such shares, and there are no sinking fund provisions applicable to the Series A Preferred Stock.

Subject to certain conditions, at any time following the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock, the Company has the right to cause each holder of the Series A Preferred Stock to convert all or part of such holder’s Series A Preferred Stock in the event that (i) the volume weighted average price of our common stock for 30 consecutive trading days (the “Measurement Period”) exceeds 300% of the initial conversion price of the Series A Preferred Stock (subject to adjustment for forward and reverse stock splits, recapitalizations, stock dividends and similar transactions), (ii) the daily trading volume on each Trading Day during such Measurement Period exceeds $500,000 per trading day and (iii) the holder is not in possession of any information that constitutes or might constitute, material non-public information which was provided by the Company. The right to cause each holder of the Series A Preferred Stock to convert all or part of such holder’s Series A Preferred Stock shall be exercised ratably among the holders of the then outstanding preferred stock.

The Series A Preferred Stock has no maturity date, will carry the same dividend rights as the common stock, and with certain exceptions, contains no voting rights. In the event of any liquidation or dissolution of the Company, the Series A Preferred Stock ranks senior to the common stock in the distribution of assets, to the extent legally available for distribution.

6% Convertible Exchangeable Preferred Stock

As of March 31, 2022, there were 335,273 shares of the Company’s 6% Convertible Exchangeable Preferred Stock (the “6% Preferred Stock”) issued and outstanding at an issue price of $10.00 per share. Dividends on the 6% Preferred Stock are cumulative from the date of original issuance at the annual rate of 6% of the liquidation preference of the 6% Preferred Stock, payable quarterly on the first day of February, May, August and November, commencing February 1, 2005. Any dividends must be declared by the Company’s board of directors and must come from funds that are legally available for dividend payments. The 6% Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference of $10.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends. As of March 31, 2022, accrued and unpaid dividends amounted to $50,291.

The Company may automatically convert the 6% Preferred Stock into common stock if the per share closing price of the Company’s common stock has exceeded $59,220, which is 150% of the conversion price of the 6% Preferred Stock, for at least 20 trading days during any 30 day trading period, ending within five trading days prior to notice of automatic conversion.

The 6% Preferred Stock has no maturity date and no voting rights prior to conversion into common stock, except under limited circumstances.

The Company may, at its option, redeem the 6% Preferred Stock in whole or in part, out of funds legally available at the redemption price of $10.00 per share.

The 6% Preferred Stock is exchangeable, in whole but not in part, at the option of the Company on any dividend payment date beginning on November 1, 2005 (the “Exchange Date”) for the Company’s 6% Convertible Subordinated Debentures (the “Debentures”) at the rate of $10.00 principal amount of Debentures for each share of 6% Preferred Stock. The Debentures, if issued, will mature 25 years after the Exchange Date and have substantially similar terms to those of the 6% Preferred Stock. No such exchanges have taken place to date.

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

11.          Subsequent Events

Dividends on 6% Preferred Stock

On March 9, 2022, the board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend in the amount of $0.15 per share on the Company’s 6% Preferred Stock. The cash dividend was paid on May 1, 2022 to the holders of record of the 6% Preferred Stock as of the close of business on April 14, 2022.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022, the consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, and all related disclosures contained in the accompanying notes, are unaudited. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 30, 2022. The consolidated financial statements are presented on the basis of accounting principles that are generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for a complete set of financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022, and the results of operations, comprehensive loss, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021, have been made. The interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022 or for any other reporting period. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2021 that are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2022.

Going Concern

Going Concern

Management considers that there are no conditions or events, in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least one year from the date the financial statements are issued. The Company expects that its cash of approximately $29.6 million as of March 31, 2022 will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through June 30, 2023.

This evaluation is based on relevant conditions and events that are known and reasonably knowable at the date that the financial statements are issued, including:

a. The Company’s current financial condition, including its sources of liquidity;

b. The Company’s conditional and unconditional obligations due or anticipated within one year;

c. The funds necessary to maintain the Company’s operations considering its current financial condition, obligations, and other expected cash flows; and

d. Other conditions and events, when considered in conjunction with the above, that may adversely affect the Company’s ability to meet its obligations.

The future viability of the Company beyond the second quarter of 2023 is dependent on its ability to raise additional capital to finance its operations. The Company does not currently have sufficient funds to complete development and commercialization of any of its drug candidates. Additional funding may not be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all. If the Company is not able to secure additional funding when needed, it may have to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of its clinical trials or research and development programs or make changes to its operating plan. In addition, it may have to partner one or more of its product candidate programs at an earlier stage of development, which would lower the economic value of those programs to the Company. The Company’s inability to raise capital as and when needed could have a negative impact on its financial condition and ability to pursue its business strategies.

Accounting standards adopted in the period

Accounting standards adopted in the period

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance. This ASU requires business entities to make annual disclosures about transactions with a government they account for by analogizing to a grant or contribution accounting model under ASC 958-605 or based on International Accounting Standard No. 20. ASU 2021-10 became effective for us on January 1, 2022. We have evaluated the effect that this guidance has on our Consolidated Financial Statements and determined it does not have a material impact.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). The new ASU addresses issuer’s accounting for certain modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options. This amendment became effective for us on January 1, 2022. This new guidance does not have a material impact on our financial statements for any past transactions, but it could change the way that we account for subsequent amendments to our outstanding warrants, if any.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)”. This standard provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform initiatives that would replace interbank offered rates, including the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). For example, modifications of lease contracts within the scope of ASC 842 solely for changes in reference rates would be accounted for as a continuation of the existing contracts with no reassessments of the lease classification and the discount rate. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company does not currently have any contracts affected by this guidance.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments consist of cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their respective fair values due to the nature of the accounts, notably their short maturities.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

All components of comprehensive income (loss), including net income (loss), are reported in the financial statements in the period in which they are recognized. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), including foreign currency translation adjustments, are reported, net of any related tax effect, to arrive at comprehensive income (loss). No taxes were recorded on items of other comprehensive income (loss). There were no reclassifications out of other comprehensive income (loss) during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition

When the Company enters into contracts with customers, the Company recognizes revenue using the five step-model provided in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”):

(1) identify the contract with a customer;

(2) identify the performance obligations in the contract;

(3) determine the transaction price;

(4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

(5) recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The transaction price includes fixed payments and an estimate of variable consideration, including milestone payments. The Company determines the variable consideration to be included in the transaction price by estimating the most likely amount that will be received and then applies a constraint to reduce the consideration to the amount which is probable of being received. When applying the constraint, the Company considers:

● Whether achievement of a development milestone is highly susceptible to factors outside the entity’s influence, such as milestones involving the judgment or actions of third parties, including regulatory bodies;

● Whether the uncertainty about the achievement of the milestone is not expected to be resolved for a long period of time;

● Whether the Company can reasonably predict that a milestone will be achieved based on previous experience; and.

● The complexity and inherent uncertainty underlying the achievement of the milestone.

The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative selling price of each performance obligation. The best estimate of the selling price is determined after considering all reasonably available information, including market data and conditions, entity-specific factors such as the cost structure of the deliverable and internal profit and pricing objectives.

The revenue allocated to each performance obligation is recognized as or when the Company satisfies the performance obligation.

The Company recognizes a contract asset, when the value of satisfied (or part satisfied) performance obligations is in excess of the payment due to the Company, and deferred revenue when the amount of unconditional consideration is in excess of the value of satisfied (or part satisfied) performance obligations. Once a right to receive consideration is unconditional, that amount is presented as a receivable.

Grant revenue received from organizations that are not the Company’s customers, such as charitable foundations or government agencies, is presented as a reduction against the related research and development expenses.

Leases

Leases

The Company accounts for lease contracts in accordance with ASC 842. As of March 31, 2022, the Company’s one outstanding lease is classified as an operating lease.

The Company recognizes an asset for the right to use an underlying leased asset for the lease term and records lease liabilities based on the present value of the Company’s obligation to make lease payments under the lease. As the Company’s leases do not indicate an implicit rate, the Company uses a best estimate of its incremental borrowing rate to discount the future lease payments. The Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate based on observable information about risk-free interest rates that are the same tenure as the lease term, adjusted for various factors, including the effects of assumed collateral, the nature of how the loan is repaid (e.g., amortizing versus bullet), and the Company’s credit risk.

The Company evaluates options included in its lease agreements to extend or terminate the lease. The Company will reflect the effects of exercising those options in the lease term when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. In assessing whether it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise an option, the Company considers factors such as:

● The lease payments due in any optional period;

● Penalties for failure to exercise (or not exercise) the option;

● Market factors, such as the availability of similar assets and current rental rates for such assets;

● The nature of the underlying leased asset and its importance to the Company’s operations; and

● The remaining useful lives of any related leasehold improvements.

Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments, if any, are recognized in the period when the obligation to make those payments is incurred. Lease incentives received prior to lease commencement are recorded as a reduction in the right-of-use asset. Fixed lease incentives received after lease commencement reduce both the lease liability and the right-of-use asset.

The Company has elected an accounting policy to account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

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Net Loss per Common Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Net Loss per Common Share

Schedule of Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The following potentially dilutive securities have not been included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, as the result would be anti-dilutive:

	March 31,	March 31,
	2022	2021
Stock options	1,360,856	676,352
6% convertible exchangeable preferred stock	85	85
Series A preferred stock	6,600	6,600
Series B preferred stock	1,188,725	1,188,725
Common stock warrants	3,234,379	3,234,379
Total shares excluded from calculation	5,790,645	5,106,141

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Prepaid Expenses And Other Current Assets [Abstract]

Schedule of prepaid expenses and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in $000s):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Research and development tax credit receivable	$	4,732	$	3,727
Prepayments and VAT receivable		667		577
Other current assets		1,539		79
	$	6,938	$	4,383

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Accrued and Other Liabilities (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Accrued and Other Current Liabilities [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in $000s):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Accrued research and development	$	2,844	$	2,310
Accrued legal and professional fees		392		233
Other current liabilities		118		634
	$	3,354	$	3,177

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Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of the Company's Contractual Obligations and Commitments Relating to its Facilities Leases

Remaining payments for this facility are as follows (in $000s):

2022	$	21
2023		—
2024		—
2025		—
2026		—
Thereafter		—
	$	21

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Stock Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2022

Stock Based Compensation [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock Based Compensation Expense

Stock based compensation has been reported within expense line items on the consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 202 and 2021 as shown in the following table (in $000s):

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2022		2021
General and administrative	$	252	$	174
Research and development		128		81
Stock-based compensation costs before income taxes	$	380	$	255

Schedule of Fair Value of the Stock Options Granted

	Three months ended	Three months ended
	March 31, 2022	March 31, 2021
Expected term (years)	5	5 – 6
Risk free interest rate	1.370% – 1.530%	0.420% – 0.585%
Volatility	93%	99 – 102%
Expected dividend yield over expected term	0.00%	0.00%

Schedule of Share Option Activity

A summary of the share option activity and related information is as follows:

				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
	Number of	Average		Remaining	Aggregate
	Options	Exercise		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Outstanding	Price Per Share		Term (Years)	Value ($000)
Options outstanding at December 31, 2021	1,099,357	$	7.53	8.99	$	189
Granted	265,000	$	3.64	—		—
Exercised	—
Cancelled/forfeited	(3,500)	$	5.49
Options outstanding at March 31, 2022	1,360,857	$	6.77	8.94	$	—
Unvested at March 31, 2022	973,597	$	4.00	9.40	$	—
Vested and exercisable at March 31, 2022	387,260	$	13.74	7.80	$	—

Schedule of Restricted Stock Units Activity

		Weighted
		Average
	Restricted	Grant Date
	Stock Units	Value Per Share
Restricted Stock Units outstanding at December 31, 2021	18,992	$	6.69
Restricted Stock Units outstanding at March 31, 2022	18,992	$	6.69
Unvested at March 31, 2022	18,992	$	6.69
Vested and exercisable at March 31, 2022	—	$	—

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) lease	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 29,639		$ 36,559
Tax on other comprehensive income (loss)	0
Reclassifications out of other comprehensive income (loss)	$ 0	$ 0
Lease, practical expedients package	true
Number of leases | lease	1

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Revenue (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 0	$ 0
Contract assets	0		$ 0
Contract liabilities	$ 0		$ 0

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Net Loss per Common Share - Schedule of Company's Potential Anti Dilutive Securities (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total shares excluded from calculation	5,790,645	5,106,141
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total shares excluded from calculation	1,360,856	676,352
6% convertible exchangeable preferred stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total shares excluded from calculation	85	85
Preferred stock, dividend rate (in percent)	6.00%	6.00%
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total shares excluded from calculation	6,600	6,600
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total shares excluded from calculation	1,188,725	1,188,725
Common Stock Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Total shares excluded from calculation	3,234,379	3,234,379

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Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets - Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Research and development tax credit receivable	$ 4,732	$ 3,727
Prepayments and VAT receivable	667	577
Other current assets	1,539	79
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,938	$ 4,383
Xcyte Therapies, Inc. [Member]
Other current assets	1,300
Other income	$ 1,300

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Non-Current Assets (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Non-Current Assets [Abstract]
Clinical trial deposits held by a contract research organization	$ 2.9

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Accrued and Other Liabilities - Schedule of accrued and other current liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accrued and Other Current Liabilities [Abstract]
Accrued research and development	$ 2,844	$ 2,310
Accrued legal and professional fees	392	233
Other current liabilities		634
Other current liabilities	118
Accrued and other current liabilities	$ 3,354	$ 3,177

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Leases - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) lease	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)	May 04, 2022 USD ($)
Number of leases | lease	1
Operating lease expense	$ 14,686	$ 97,660
Operating lease, payments	$ 15,435	$ 102,348
Discount rate lease liability	12.00%
Berkeley Heights Facility [Member]
Number of leases | lease	1
Remaining lease term	3 months 18 days
Assignation of Lease Relating to Facility in Dundee, Scotland [Member]
Reverse premium			$ 400,000
Percentage of reverse premium payable on assignment			50.00%
Percentage of reverse premium payable on next year			50.00%
Obligations, liabilities or commitments			$ 0

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Leases - Future Minimum Lease Payments (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Operating Lease Obligation
2022	$ 21
Lease payments, Total	$ 21

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Stock Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - $ / shares		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 25, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Oct. 31, 2020
Stock-based compensation
Common stock, shares issued		9,993,135		9,993,135
Options granted (in shares)		265,000	73,669
Options exercised (in shares)		0	0
Minimum
Stock-based compensation
Stock awards vesting period		1 year
Options granted, grant date fair value		$ 2.62	$ 5.40
Maximum
Stock-based compensation
Stock awards vesting period		4 years
Options granted, grant date fair value		$ 2.90	$ 6.14
Stock options
Stock-based compensation
Options granted (in shares)		265,000
Options exercised (in shares)		0
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Stock-based compensation
Restricted Stock Units, Granted		0		18,992	3,938	14,000
Stock units forfeited					1,491
Restricted Stock Units outstanding/unvested		18,992		18,992
Restricted stock units, grant date fair value		$ 6.69		$ 6.69
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Fulfillment of Certain Clinical Conditions [Member]
Stock-based compensation
Restricted Stock Units outstanding/unvested					16,524
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Minimum
Stock-based compensation
Stock awards vesting period				1 year
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Maximum
Stock-based compensation
Stock awards vesting period				3 years
2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2018 Plan") [Member]
Stock-based compensation
Number of shares reserved for issuance		260,794
Life of stock option awards granted		10 years
Number of authorized additional shares to be issued	500,000
2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2018 Plan") [Member] | Minimum
Stock-based compensation
Stock awards vesting period		1 year
2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2018 Plan") [Member] | Maximum
Stock-based compensation
Stock awards vesting period		4 years
Inducement Equity Incentive Plan 2020 [Member]
Stock-based compensation
Number of shares reserved for issuance		80,000
Number of authorized shares							200,000
Common stock, shares issued		120,000

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Stock Based Compensation - Schedule of Stock Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation costs before income taxes	$ 380	$ 255
General and administrative
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation costs before income taxes	252	174
Research and development
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation costs before income taxes	$ 128	$ 81

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Stock Based Compensation - Schedule of Fair Value of the Stock Options Granted (Details) - Stock options	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology [Abstract]
Expected term (years)	5 years
Volatility	93.00%
Expected dividend yield over expected term	0.00%	0.00%
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology [Abstract]
Expected term (years)		5 years
Risk free interest rate	1.37%	0.42%
Volatility		99.00%
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions and Methodology [Abstract]
Expected term (years)		6 years
Risk free interest rate	1.53%	0.585%
Volatility		102.00%

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Stock Based Compensation - Schedule of Share Option Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Number of Options Outstanding
Granted	265,000	73,669
Exercised (in shares)	0	0
Stock options
Number of Options Outstanding
Options outstanding	1,099,357
Granted	265,000
Exercised (in shares)	0
Cancelled/forfeited	(3,500)
Options outstanding	1,360,857		1,099,357
Unvested	973,597
Vested and exercisable	387,260
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Options outstanding	$ 7.53
Granted	3.64
Cancelled/forfeited (in dollars per share)	5.49
Options outstanding	6.77		$ 7.53
Unvested	4.00
Vested and exercisable	$ 13.74
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Options outstanding	8 years 11 months 8 days		8 years 11 months 26 days
Unvested	9 years 4 months 24 days
Vested and exercisable	7 years 9 months 18 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options Outstanding	$ 0		$ 189
Options Outstanding	189
Unvested	0
Vested and exercisable	$ 0

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Stock Based Compensation - Schedule of Restricted Stock Units Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Number of Options Outstanding
Restricted Stock Units outstanding/unvested	18,992
Granted	0	18,992	3,938	14,000
Restricted Stock Units outstanding/unvested	18,992	18,992
Unvested	18,992	18,992
Vested and exercisable	0
Weighted Average Grant Date Value Per Share
Restricted stock units, grant date fair value	$ 6.69	$ 6.69
Unvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Value Per Share	6.69	$ 6.69
Vested and exercisable	$ 0

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Stockholders Equity - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)							1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 12, 2021	Mar. 12, 2021	Dec. 22, 2020	Dec. 18, 2020	Apr. 24, 2020	Apr. 21, 2020	May 12, 2022	Jul. 31, 2017	Mar. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2017
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate offering price										$ 13,502,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)									$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)									$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Common stock, shares issued									9,993,135		9,993,135
March 2021 Equity Financing [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs		$ 13,500,000
July 2017 - Underwritten Public Offering [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants, exercise price per share									$ 40.00
Percentage Of Outstanding Common Stock									4.99%
Outstanding common stock at election of purchaser									9.99%
Warrant Exercises (in shares)									0	0
Warrants outstanding									374,525
Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate offering price	$ 10,000,000.0
Selling commissions, percentage	3.00%
Proceeds from issuance of stocks/warrants							$ 6,000
Number of shares issued (in shares)							1,854
Common stock, shares issued									752,425
Total gross proceeds received									$ 4,000,000.0
Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. [Member] | March 2021 Equity Financing [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)									$ 0.001
Term of overallotment option		30 days
Share issue price per share		$ 7.00
Sale of stock, number of additional shares issued in transaction		271,071
Number of shares issued (in shares)		1,807,143
Acorn Bioventures, LP [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of share sold under the sales agreement				485,912
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)				$ 0.001
Co-Placement Agents [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, price per share						$ 5.00
Warrants, exercise price per share									$ 5.00
Proceeds from issuance of stocks/warrants					$ 18,300,000
Number of common shares called by each warrant									1
Warrant Exercises (in shares)									0	909,000
Warrants outstanding									2,190,000
Fractional shares issued									0
Co-Placement Agents [Member] | Pre Funded Warrants [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of share sold under the sales agreement						2,090,000
Sale of stock, price per share						$ 4.999
Warrants, exercise price per share						$ 0.001
Number of common shares issued upon conversion						1
Percentage Of Outstanding Common Stock						4.99%
Outstanding common stock at election of purchaser						9.99%
Shares issued on conversion of prefunded warrants					2,090,000
Co-Placement Agents [Member] | Common Stock Warrants
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants to purchase shares						4,000,000
Warrant outstanding Term						5 years
Warrants, exercise price per share						$ 5.00
Number of common shares issued upon conversion						1
Percentage Of Outstanding Common Stock									4.99%
Outstanding common stock at election of purchaser									9.99%
Notice period from the holder to increase the percentage of ownership of outstanding common stock after exercise of warrants									61 days
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)									$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Sale of stock, price per share									$ 4.18
Number of common shares issued upon conversion									5
Effective Conversion price per share									$ 3.18
Preferred stock, shares issued									237,745		237,745
Preferred stock, shares outstanding									237,745		237,745
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock | Acorn Bioventures, LP [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of share sold under the sales agreement				237,745
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)				$ 0.001
Warrants to purchase shares				669,854					669,854
Sale of stock, price per share				$ 4.18
Warrant outstanding Term				5 years					5 years
Warrants, exercise price per share				$ 4.13					$ 4.13
Proceeds from issuance of stocks/warrants			$ 6,900,000
Number of common shares called by each warrant				0.4
Warrant Exercises (in shares)									0	0
Common Stock | Co-Placement Agents [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of share sold under the sales agreement						1,910,000
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Measurement period of consecutive trading days used in determining whether specified triggers are met which would allow the entity to require the conversion of all or part of outstanding preferred stock									30 days
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)									$ 0.001		$ 0.001
Number of common shares issued upon conversion												215,200
Preferred stock, shares issued									264		264
Preferred stock, shares outstanding									264		264
Number of shares converted									6,600			8,608
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | July 2017 - Underwritten Public Offering [Member]
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Effective Conversion price per share								$ 40.00
Preferred stock, shares issued								8,872
Price per share used to determine number of shares of common stock								$ 1,000
Percentage of blocker provision								4.99%
Conversion percentage								9.99%
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Percentage by which the weighted average price of common stock during the measurement period exceeds the initial conversion price which triggers the right of the entity to cause all or part of the outstanding preferred stock to be converted									300.00%
Threshold amount of daily trading volume on each trading day during the measurement period which triggers the right of the entity to cause all or part of the outstanding preferred stock to be converted									$ 500,000
6% convertible exchangeable preferred stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Share issue price per share									$ 10.00
Preferred stock, shares issued									335,273		335,273
Preferred stock, shares outstanding									335,273		335,273
Dividend rate on convertible exchangeable preferred stock (in percent)									6.00%		6.00%
Accrued and unpaid dividends									$ 50,291
Convertible Preferred Stock, Terms of Conversion									The Company may automatically convert the 6% Preferred Stock into common stock if the per share closing price of the Company’s common stock has exceeded $59,220, which is 150% of the conversion price of the 6% Preferred Stock, for at least 20 trading days during any 30 day trading period, ending within five trading days prior to notice of automatic conversion.
Redemption price per share (in dollars per share)									$ 10.00
Debt principal amount per share, basis for exchange (in dollars per share)									$ 10.00
Debt Instrument, Term									25 years
Liquidation preference (in dollars per share)									$ 10.00

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Subsequent Events - Narrative (Details) - 6% convertible exchangeable preferred stock - $ / shares				3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 01, 2022	Apr. 14, 2022	Mar. 09, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Dividend declared, date			Mar. 09, 2022
Preferred stock dividend declared, amount per share			$ 0.15
Preferred stock, dividend rate (in percent)				6.00%	6.00%
Subsequent event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Dividends payable, date to be paid	May 01, 2022
Dividend, record date		Apr. 14, 2022
Preferred stock, dividends per share, cash paid	$ 0.15